考研英汉翻译实践笔记之放在名词后的分词

考研英汉翻译实践笔记之放在名词后的分词

放在名词后的分词多数是分词短语，它可以变成一个定语从句（尽管定语从句不一定都能变成分词短语）：

1/表示一时动作的分词短语：

The danger threatening the world (=which is threatening the area ) is too many people with too little food.

They looked on at the city being attacked by the enemy (=which was being attacked by the enemy).

The man being followed by guards (=who are being followed by guards) is a party leader.

2/表示长久特点的分词短语：

A man respecting others (=who respects others ) will be respected.

Can you teach a boy refusing to be taught (=who refuses to be taught)?

It is difficult to save a man enchanted by the beauty of a woman.

Books called the comics (=that are called the comics ) are sometimes harmful to children.

Any books well read (=that are well read ) are good books and any men well treated are good men.

2)名词前作定语的分词

a)用在名词前的不及物现在分词

名词前的现在分词多数为不及物动词：

The trembling criminal hung his head.

Do you see the floating bridge there?

She is a doting mother.

The existing situation will last some years.

In the field are nodding trees, murmuring rivulets, smiling flowers, singing birds, swimming ducks and playing children.

He is an uncompromising diplomat.

It proves futile in spite of all untiring efforts.

This upright man always takes an unswerving course.

It is an unavailing plot.

There is an undying friendship between them.

b)用在名词前的及物现在分词

1/意义上的宾语为‘人’的情况：

及物动词的分词也可用在名词前面，但它们大多表示情绪。它们的意义上的宾语指一般人或某些人，是不说出的。

It is a charming story=It is a story that charms us (me,you or anyone).

We have an encouraging prospect. =We have a prospect that encourages us.

This exciting experience made him sleepless. =This experience, which excited him, made him sleepless.

It is an interesting (or surprising, amazing, moving, entertaining, affecting ) story.

He has a puzzling problem to solve.

In the forest there happened a shocking (or frightening ) case of murder. Her fascinating eyes and her tempting mouth put you in a reverie.

It is a misleading statement, a deceiving promise.

An unconvincing rumor spread over the city.

2/意义上的宾语为‘物’的情况：

有少数及物动词的分词，它们的意义上的宾语也不说出，却是指‘物’的，这时要经过琢磨才知道宾语是什么：

It is an arresting sight (=a sight that arrests somebody's attention), an imploring look (=a look that implores somebody's help), a revealing story (= a story that reveals things hidden or kept secret), a deserving cause (=a cause that deserves sympathy or help).

He is a grasping attorney (an attorney who are eager to grasp money).