高中英语高频语法之非谓语动词与语法填空(思维导图+练习含答案)
英语-非谓语动词 思维导图 高三英语一轮复习
非谓语动词非谓语动词的定义在句中充当除谓语以外成分的动词形式非谓语动词的时态和语态不定式一般式主动to do被动to be done进行式主动to be doing完成式主动to have done被动to have been done动词ing形式一般式主动doing被动being done完成式主动having done被动having been done过去分词一般式done非谓语动词的用法非谓语动词作主语、表语不定式、动名词作主语、表语的区别不定式：表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作动名词：表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作下列句型中常用动名词作主语①It is/was no use/good+doing sth.②It is/was not any use/good+doing sth.③It is/was of little use/good+doing sth.④It is/was useless doing sth.⑤It is a waste of time doing sth.下列句型中常用不定式作主语①It takes/to sb some time to do sth②It be +difficult/easy/important/impossible/necessary for sb to do sth③It be +kind/careless/clever/foolish/honest/lazy/silly/wise of sb to do sth现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别现在分词：意为“令人感到……的”过去分词：意为本身“感到……的”非谓语动词作宾语只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语suggest, imagine, mind, admit, practice, allow, risk, keep, keep on, avoid,escape, enjoy, consider, excuse, finish, miss, insist on, look forward to, feellike, get down to, object to等只能跟不定式作宾语agree, intend/plan, demand, promise, help, prepare, decide, refuse,choose, wish/hope, want, expect, fail, pretend, manage, determine, beg,arrange, threaten, claim, hesitate, happen等既可跟动词-ing形式又可跟不定式的动词和短语remember, forget, regret, stop, go on, mean, start, begin, try等。
高中英语高频语法之动词的时态、语态与语法填空(思维导图+练习含答案)
高频语法之动词的时态、语态与语法填空（解析版）一、谓语动词1. 思维导图2. 高考真题再现一、2021年高考真题1.（2021.6新高考1卷语法填空）for the people then to put all those rocks into place.【答案】was【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。
分析句子结构可知，此处应该填谓语动词。
根据空后的提示词then可知，表示当时的情况，故此处谓语动词应用一般过去时；从句主语为it，是第三人称单数形式。
故填was。
2.（2021.6 浙江卷语法填空）most of their furniture.【答案】sold【解析】考查一般过去时。
句意：1861年，林肯被选举为国家总统后，他们租了房子并且卖掉了大部分的家具。
rent和sold为并列谓语，用and连接，所以都用一般过去时。
3.（2021.6全国甲卷语法填空）It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored（修复）.【答案】was built ;【解析】考查动词的时态/语态以及主谓一致。
根据句子结构可知，空格填写谓语动词，又因it指代前面The Xi'an City Wall，和build是被动关系，且是在the Tang dynasty被建立，故用过去式的被动语态。
本句句意：它最初是在唐代为保护这座城市而建的，现在已经完全修复。
故填was built。
4.（2021.6全国甲卷语法填空）We 6 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.【答案】hired【解析】考查动词的时态。
根据句子的结构可知空格应该填写谓语动词，根据后文My bike was old可知，应该为过去的时态，主语为we, 为主动语态，故填hired。
高中英语思维导图
重难点
名词作主语 数量概念词作主语 不定代词作主语 并列结构作主语
复合句
名词性从句
主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句
重难点
连接词的确定 it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句型
同位语从句
定语从句
关系代词 关系副词
重难点
关系词的确定 定语从句与其它从句的区别
时间状语从句
地点状语从句
条件状语从句
状语从句
让步状语从句 原因状语从句 目的状语从句
主语+系动词+表语
We work hard.
主语+谓语（vi)
Tom bought a new book.
主语+谓语（vt)+宾语
They offer me a job.
主语+谓语（vt)+间接宾语+直接宾语
Custom makes all things easy.
主语+谓语（vt)+宾语+宾补
and, not only...but also..., neither...nor 等
知识点总结
解题思路
完形填空
语法填空解题思路 知识点总结
解题思路
阅读理解
七选五解题思路 短文改错解题思路
知识点总结
写作构思
书面表达
写作模板
思维导图，英文是The Mind Map，又叫心智导图，是表 达发散性思维的有效图形思维工具 ，它简单却又很有 效，是一种特别适合记忆、学习、思考的实用性工具。 本文共30页，包含了高中英语三年全部重要知识点。引 导一种逐层递进的学习模式，先整体，再细化，逐步提 高学习者的全面思维能力。运用本思维导图，可以极大 提高预习，复习及查漏补缺效率。
高考英语极简语法思维导图与提升专练：第八章 非谓语动词例句练习及答案
【第八章非谓语动词例句】养成良好的答题习惯，是决定成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
◆[考点一] 非谓语动词作状语1．分词作状语(1)现在分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是由句子主语执行的，它们之间是主动关系。
Hearing the news，they got excited.听到这个消息，他们很兴奋。
(2)过去分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的被动关系。
Given the right kind of training，these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.如果给予正确的训练，这些青少年足球运动员有一天也许会成为国际明星。
2．动词不定式作状语(1)动词不定式作状语主要用来表示目的，有时也可以表示结果、原因等。
She was surprised to see George walk in.看到乔治进来，她很惊讶。
(2)动词不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do，so as to do，to do 等，但so as to do不能置于句首。
In order to pass the exam，he worked hard.为了通过考试，他努力学习。
(3)作目的状语的动词不定式动作必须是主语发出的。
To learn English well, his father bought him a dictionary.(×)◆[考点二] 非谓语动词作定语1．动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同位关系。
超实用高考英语专题复习：2017年高考语法填空真题 (思维导图+高考真题+变式训练)(解析版)
2017高考语法填空真题(思维导图+高考真题+变式训练) 解析版距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
【语法填空题思维导图】【语法填空题真题再现一】2017年全国卷I第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, whichunintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease --the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack (吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.【参考答案】61. as 62. effects 63. to process 64. are removed 65. a 66. worse 67. is 68. eating 69. careful 70. which【解题导语】食品服务业最近出现了一种趋势，即脂肪含量降低，盐含量减少。
【思维导图破解高考英语语法】谓语动词与非谓语动词(附专练与答案)
非谓语动词知识网络精题精练一、单句语法填空（一）非谓语作主语、表语1．The cart got (stick)in the mud, but the farmer made no effort to get it out. 2．His new idea was (make)the shell shapes on the roof into the shape of a ball.3．But conservationists say that (make) ivory legal to sell would lead to even more illegal hunting.4．As time is pressing, I think (take) a taxi is the best way to get from here to the conference centre.5．It is not necessary (bargain) on this small amount.6．The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain (seat)as the plane was making a landing.（二）非谓语作宾语1．The discovery of new evidence led to the thief (catch).2．The man insisted on (find)a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. 3．According to a recent U.S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week (watch)TV. 4．Isn’t it time you got down to(mark)the papers?5．They're helping us to become calm and consider (win)and solving real problems as well.6．Sometimes, by caring only about the cups, we fail (enjoy)the coffee.（三）非谓语作定语1．There are still many problems (solve)before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.2．At the 41st session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee (hold) in Poland, Hoh Xil was approved as a new world heritage site, becoming the 51st world heritage site in China. 3．This site reports science news (cover)a wide range of subjects.4．The museum, (locate)next to the Wuzhen scenic spot, covers an area of5,000 square meters.5．There are always lots of people in the street, and there is always something (see)or do. 6．A lake is an area of water ________(surround) by land.（四）非谓语作状语1．But by 1955, the paintings were beginning to become difficult (see).2．She first came across this phenomenon while (research)North American children living in India.3．(compare)with the western medicine's high fees, TCM has a reasonable price that ordinary people can afford.4．A total of 400,000 tons of steel were used in the project, equal to 60 times the steel used (build)the Eiffel Tower.5．Anxiously,she took the dress out of the package and tried it on,only (find)it didn’t fit. 6．David has done good deeds all his life, ________ (earn) him much reputation.（五）非谓语作补语1．Apart from the massive size, it also has unmatched accuracy and sensitivity, allowing scientists (find)previously hidden stars.2．During the Qin dynasty,to keep the enemy out, Emperor Qin Shihuang had all the walls (join)up.3．The robot is powered by a battery on its back, which can keep it (operate)for an hour. 4．Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required (process)the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.5．With her energy ________ (fix) on the research on AIDS, Mrs. Mason can not spare much time with her family.二、单句语法改错1．Now I want to tell you an impressive story happen in my first lesson. 2．Besides, being an exchange student offered me a chance improve my English. 3．Arrived home, I almost forgot my tiredness.4．With the College Entrance Examination draw near, I was filled with great anxiety. 5．The moment Lang stepped into the stadium,nobody could stay seating.6．They were playing instead of just do their morning exercise on the grass.7．No matter how many times I asked to watching cartoons, my parents would not let me. 8．One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue.9．I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lay across the middle.10．When combining properly, the five elements form a perfect system which almost works for every company.真题实战一、单句语法填空1．(2021.6新高考1卷语法填空）Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your (ache) legs.2．(2021.6全国甲卷语法填空） It is possible (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. 3．(2021.6全国甲卷语法填空）After (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!4．(2021.6全国乙卷语法填空）Minimize the impact of (visit) the place. 5．(2021.6全国乙卷语法填空）Activities there range from whale watching to hiking （远足）and accommodations aim (have) a low impact on the natural environment.6．（2021.6 浙江卷语法填空）Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over (plant) flowers in the front yard.7．(2021.1 浙江卷语法填空）In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.8．(2021.1 浙江卷语法填空）This may be due to some disadvantages for people (live) in the countryside, including lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.9．(2021·天津卷单选） China's National Highway 318, ________ over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Tibet, is known as the "heavenly road“ for its amazing views.A．to extend B． extended C． extending D． being extended10．(2020·新课标I语法填空)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on board Chang’e-4 (find)and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.11．(2020·新课标 II 卷(They represent the earth (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.12．(2020·新课标 II 卷(They make great gifts and you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.13．(2020·新课标 II 卷( They are easy (care) for and make great presents. 14．(2020·新课标 III 卷( The next morning he hired a boat and set out (find) the well-known painter.15．(2020·新课标 III 卷( And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.16．(2020·山东卷) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time in history or (walk)through a rainforest.17．(2020·浙江卷) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology (change)lives.18．(2020·浙江卷)Later, they learned to work with the seasons (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields. 19．(2020·江苏卷）Technological innovations, ____ good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.A. combined withB. combining withC. having combined withD. to be combined with 20．(2020·天津卷)___________in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world.A． Having completed B．Being completed C．Completed D．Completing 21．(2020·天津卷)The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection_____economic growth.A．to be promoted B being promoted C．promoting D．to promote 22．(2020·天津卷)______ us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes.A．To help B．Helped C．Helping D．Being helped23．【2019·江苏卷】 __________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.A. To enjoyB. EnjoyingC. To have enjoyedD. Enjoy24．【2019·天津卷】 ____________ to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.A. LearnB. LearnedC. LearningD. Having learned25．【2019·江苏卷】China's image is improving steadily, with more countries__________ its role in international affairs.A. recognizingB. being recognizedC. to be recognizedD. recognized 26．【2019·天津卷】 The professor warned tie students that on no account _____________ use mobile phones in his class.A. should theyB. they shouldC. dare theyD. they dare27．【2019·新课标I卷】Modem methods ___of__ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ______ (perform) consistently over a large area.28．【2019·新课标 I 卷】 Scientists have responded by ______ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,…29．【2019·新课标 II 卷】A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for ______ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week.30．【2019·新课标 II 卷】Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award， proud Irene___declared__(declare) she had no plans ______ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. 31．【2019·新课标 II 卷】 When we got a call ______ (say)she was short-listed, we thought it was ___a__joke.32．【2019·新课标 III 卷】On our way to the house, it was raining ___so__ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ______ (get)there.33．【2019·新课标 III 卷】 On the last day of our week-long stay, we _were invited__(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, ______ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.34．【2019·浙江卷】 When the children are walking or ______ (cycle) to school on dark mornings,…35．【2019·浙江卷】 But some students didn't want ______ (wear) the uniform. 36．【2019·北京卷】 Nervously ______ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to _myself_(I) the twosimple words “Be yourself”.37．【2018·北京】 _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experienceA. TravelB. TravelingC. Having traveledD. Traveled38．【2018·北京】 During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together______ a meal,admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A. shareB. to shareC. having sharedD. shared39．【2018·北京】 Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.A. usedB. to useC. usingD. use40．【2018·天津】 I didn't mean ___________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help_______ it.A. to eat； to tryB. eating； tryingC. eating； to tryD. to eat； trying 41．【2018·天津】 I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________.A. takingB. takenC. being takenD. take42．【2018·江苏】 Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, _______ the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.A. having exceededB. to exceedC. exceededD. exceeding 43．【2018·新课标 I 卷】 You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running. 44．[2017丙卷(全国Ⅲ),41]But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spendinghalf-term (rest).45．[2017北京,27]Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online. (save) their valuable time.46．[2017北京,30]The national park has a large collection of wildlife, (range) from butterflies to elephants.47．[2016北京,26] (make)it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.48．[2016北京,28] (order)over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.49．[2015北京,23]The park was full of people, (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine. 50．[2015江苏,24]Much time (spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.51．[2015福建,33]In recent years an English word "infosphere" has appeared,(combine)the sense of "information" and "atmosphere".52．[2015重庆,11]Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way (use) the sun and the stars.53．[2014浙江,14]Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse (appoint) to guard her.54．[2014湖南,21]Children, when (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.55．[2014陕西,20] (work) out the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times.56．[2014四川,5]The manager was satisfied to see many new products (develop) after great effort.57．[2014湖南,23] (understand)your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.58．[2014福建,30]For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying (connect).59．[2014江西,26]When it comes to (speak) in public, no one can match him. 60．[2013陕西,14]The witnesses (question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.61．[2013北京,21]Volunteering gives you a chance (change) lives, including your own. 62．[2013新课标全国Ⅱ,5]I got to the office earlier that day, (catch) the 7:30 train from Paddington.63．[2013浙江,7] (hear) how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.参考答案一单句语法填空（一）1.stuck 2.to make/making 3.making 4.taking/to take 5.to bargain 6.seated （二）1. being caught 2. finding 3.watching 4.marking 5. winning 6.to enjoy（三）1.to be solved 2.held 3.covering 4.located 5.to see 6.surrounded（四）1. to see 2.researching pared 4.to build 5.to find 6.earning（五）1. to find 2.joined 3.operating 4.to process 5.fixed二、单句语法改错1.happen→happening【解析】考查现在分词作后置定语。
高频语法之非谓语动词与语法填空(解析版)---备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练
备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）04高频语法之非谓语动词与语法填空【技法总结】高频考点非谓语动词【高考试题再现】语法填空1. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)You don’t have to run fast or for long (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running.2. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice (improve) water quality.3. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)China’s approach to protecting its environment while(feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and f ood policymakers worldwide, ” says the bank’s Juergen V oegele.4. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel (challenge).5. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for (be)Britain’s oldest full-time employee — still working 40 hours a week.6. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When we got a call (say)she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.答案：1.dying 2.to improve 3.feeding 4.looking ; challenged 5.being 6.saying【关键技法点拨】语法填空解题策略1. 巧记三种非谓语动词作状语的基本区别(1)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系, 且正在进行, 要想到用现在分词形式(doing);(2)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系, 且表完成, 要想到用过去分词形式(done);(3)若非谓语动词表将来的动作, 作状语表示目的, 在喜怒哀乐的形容词后作原因或意料之外的结果等, 要想到用不定式形式(to do)。
超实用高考英语专题复习：专题05 非谓语动词 (复习思维导图+必备知识手册)
专题05非谓语动词距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
、考点1 非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语一、动名词和不定式作主语能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。
二者的区别是：表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。
动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it 作形式主语放在句首。
▶Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here. (抽象)▶It is not very good for you to smoke so much. (具体)注意：①如果表语是不定式，主语也是不定式；表语是动名词，主语也是动名词。
如：▶To see is to believe.＝Seeing is believing.②常用动名词作主语的句型：▶It’s no use complaining without taking action.不采取行动只是抱怨是没有用的。
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高频语法之非谓语动词与语法填空（解析版）一、非谓语动词1. 思维导图1.（2021.6新高考1卷语法填空）Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole【答案】aching【解析】考查非谓语动词。
分析句子结构可知，因为名词legs与动词ache为主动关系，所以此处应该填现在分词作定语修饰legs。
故填aching。
2.（2021.6全国甲卷语法填空）It is possible 3 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.【答案】to walk【解析】考查非谓语动词。
本句是典型的It is adj. + to do的形式，故填to walk 。
3.（2021.6全国甲卷语法填空）After 4 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!【答案】spending【解析】考查非谓语动词。
After 介词后加doing形式，故填spending。
4.（2021.6全国乙卷语法填空）【答案】visiting【解析】考查非谓语动词。
分析题目，句子中已经有一个谓语动词，判断空格处填非谓语动词。
空处作介词of的宾语，所以应使用动名词作介词宾语。
句意：最小化参观一个地方的影响。
故填visiting。
5.（2021.6全国乙卷语法填空）Activitithere range from whale watching to hiking （远足）and accommodations【答案】to have【解析】考查非谓语动词。
分析题目，句子中已经有一个谓语动词，判断此处填非谓语动词。
aim to do sth，意为"目的在于做某事" ，因此应填不定式形式。
句意：……并且食宿是为了对自然环境有小的影响。
故填to have。
6.（2021.6 浙江卷语法填空）【答案】to plant【解析】考查动词不定式作目的状语。
句意：玛丽的妹妹经常来拜访，在前院里种些花。
7.（2021.1 浙江卷语法填空）higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.【答案】studied【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意：1985年，这个国家3/4的城市里的被调查男女的BMI值比偏远山区的男女数值高。
分析句子结构可知study做urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries的定语，动词分词做定语与逻辑主语是被动关系，故答案为studied。
8.（2021.1 浙江卷语法填空）levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.【答案】living【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意：这可能是因为住在乡村的人们的条件不好。
分析句子结构可知live in the countryside是people的后置定语，动词分词作定语且live与逻辑主语people 是主动关系, 故答案为living。
二、2020年高考真题1.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66．(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.【答案】to find【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。
此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。
故填to find。
2. （2020·新课标II卷语法填空）They represent the earth 63．(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.【答案】coming【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。
句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。
名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。
故填coming。
3. （2020·新课标II卷语法填空）They make great gifs and you see them many times 65．(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.【答案】decorated【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。
句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。
故填decorated。
4. （2020·新课标II卷语法填空）They are easy 68．(care) for and make great presents.【答案】to care。
【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。
这里考查“be +形容词+ to do”结构。
故填to care。
5.（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67．(find) the well-known painter.【答案】to find【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。
结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。
故填to find。
6.（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds69．(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.【答案】surrounding【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。
分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。
故填surrounding。
7.(2020·山东新高考语法填空) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time in history or 43．(walk)through a rainforest.【答案】walking【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。
此处与living是并列成分，共同做imagine 的宾补，imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。
故填walking。
8. (2020·浙江卷语法填空) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 60．(change)lives.【答案】to change【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。
分析句子，简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。
分析句意，此处需用不定式表示目的。
故填to change。
9.(2020·浙江卷语法填空)Later，they learned to work with the seasons (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas，63．(make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.【答案】making【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。
分析句子，make所处的分句中无主语，故此处需用非谓语动词。
make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。
所以此处用现在分词形式（doing）形式做状语。
故填making。
三、2019年高考真题1.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Modem methods ___of__ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area.【答案】to perform【解析】考查非谓语动词。
主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用to perform。
2.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,…【答案】noting【解析】考查非谓语动词。
根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。
3.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for___61___ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week.【答案】being【解析】考查非谓语动词。