长句的翻译

For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere.
一旦了解英语的基本结构和句型, 再 往下学似乎就越来越难了, 这其中的原 因, 也许教师比学生更容易理解。
(3) 分句法
有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词的关 系并不十分密切, 翻译时可以按照汉语多 用短句的习惯, 把长句的从句或短语化成 句子, 分开来叙述,为了使语意连贯, 有时 需要适当增加词语。
【译文】比如说，在过去一百多年中，绝大多数科学进 步一直与大学联系在一起，其主要原因之一就在 于：大学是许多不同专业学者的群英汇集之地。
如果你乘坐火车抵达芝加哥，即使只在那里 逗留一两个小时，你也会感到从湖那边吹拂 过来的阵阵清风，这就是芝加哥之所以叫做 “风城”的缘故。
例4 It was the moment I ceased being a child, when I began to have an adult’s awareness of the pain and tragedy in life.
英语状语可前可后
汉语状语一般放在被修饰的动词或形容词前面Leftbranching /extending
英语中，There+be结构与虚词it的结构用得比较广泛
一、英语长句的分析

一般来说, 造成长句的原因有三方面: (1) 修饰语 过多;(2) 并列成分多; (3) 语言结构层次多。
行为主义者认为, 如果儿童的成长环境里有许多 刺激因素, 这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的 发展, 那么, 儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。
例2. For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere.
在非洲, 我遇到一个小孩, 他哭得伤心极 了, 我问他时, 他说他饿了两天没吃饭了。
例2.
Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.
Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
(4) 分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。
(5) 注意插入语等其他成分。 (6) 注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。
例1.
Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
即使在我们关掉了床头灯地进入梦乡时, 电仍在为我们工作: 帮我们开动电冰箱, 把水加热, 或使室内空调机继续运转。
例3 If you reach Chicago by train and spend only an hour or two there you will feel the light wind off the lake which gives it the name “Windy City”.
长 句 翻 译 (E-C)


Translation

of
Long Sentences
英语句子重形合（hypotaxis），句法结构为显性（overt）
汉语句子重意合（parataxis）,句法结构为隐性（covert）
汉语句子主题显著Topwk.baidu.comc-prominent
英语句子主语显著 Subject-prominent
例1. Manufacturing processes may be classified
as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.
Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.
从那一刻起我不再是一个小孩，我开始有了 成年人的意识，能意识到人生的伤痛与灾难。
(2) 变序法
变序法是指颠倒英语长句的语序， 将句子 成分的前部分放到译文的后部， 或将后面 部分放到译文前面。这样易会更加符合汉语 习惯。
比如：“Misery follows war.” “战争 导致苦难。”
【译文】制造过程可分为单件生产和大量生产。单件 生产就是生产少量的零件，大量生产就是生产大 量相同的零件。
例2. This is, for instance, one of the main reasons why over the last ten centuries scientific progress has been mostly associated with universities, where scholars from many different disciplines were gathering together.
因此, 如果要使学生充分利用他们(上大学) 的机会, 就得为他们提供大量关于课程的更 为详尽的信息, 作更多的指导。这个问题显 得越来越重要了。
例2：At school the student needs to increase his
knowledge in an organized way, to acquire sufficient vocabulary in science for effective communication, and to learn some facts because they are important in everyday living, such as knowledge that is useful for his health, for his safety and for an understanding of his surroundings.
例1. In Africa I met a boy, who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him , that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days.
譬如, 对于一个四口之家来说, 舒舒服服地 在家中看电视, 就能看到几乎数不清的娱乐 节目, 这比到外面别的地方去消遣又便宜又 方便。
二、长句的翻译
*将英语的长句分解, 翻译成汉语的短句。
(1) 顺序法
当英语长句的内容的叙述层次与汉语基本 一致时, 可以按照英语原文的顺序翻译成 汉语。
例1. In Africa I met a boy, who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him , that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days.
例1. It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.
在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法: (1) 找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语, 从整体上把握 句子的结构。
(2) 找出句中所有的谓语结构、介词短语和从句的 引导词。
(3) 分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从 句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、 原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。
【译文】在学校里，学生需要有系统地扩大知识，掌握足够的科学 词汇，以便有效地进行交际；还要懂得一些诸如对增进健康、 保障安全以及了解周围环境等有用的常识，因为这些常识在日 常生活中是十分重要的。
例3. Such is a human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.
在复合句子中，英语的主句为主要部分，一般放在句首，
即重心在前Top-heavy
汉语则一般按照逻辑和时间顺序，将主要部分放在句尾，
形成后重心 End-weight
英语中单词一般放在被修饰词的前面，短语和从句一般放 在被修饰词的后面Right-branching/extending
汉语定语不管单词或词组一般都放在被修饰语的前面Leftbranching /extending
许多人宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取成为 白领工人的社会地位, 这在西方倒是人之常 情。
例4 It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reasons why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been understood.
例1. It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.