2015职称英语(综合类)10篇概括大意原文及译文
2015年职称英语考试综合类概括大意模拟试题精选
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。
请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上.Health Education1 Health education is the part of health care that is concerned with promoting healthy behavior. A person's behavior may be the main cause of a health problem, but it can also be the main solution. This is true for the teenager who smokes, the mother with the poorly nourished (营养) child, and the butcher (屠夫，卖肉的人) who gets a cut on his finger. By changing their behavior these individuals can solve and prevent many of their own problems.2 Health education does not replace other health services, but it is needed to promote the proper use of these services. One example of this is immunization (免疫): scientists have made many vaccines (疫苗) to prevent diseases, but this achievement is of no value unless people go to receive the immunization.3Health education encourages behavior that promotes health, prevents illness, cures disease, and contributes to recovery. The needs and interests of individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities are at the heart of health education programs. Thus there are many opportunities for practicing health education.4Health education is not the same thing as healthinformation. Correct information is certainly a basic part of health education, but health education must also address the other factors that affect health behavior such as availability (可获性) of resources, effectiveness of community leadership, social support from family members, and levels of self-help skills. Health education therefore uses a variety of methods to help people understand their own situations and choose actions that will improve their health. Health education is incomplete unless it encourages involvement and choice by the people themselves.5 Also, in health education we do not blame people if they do not behave in a healthy way. Often unhealthy behavior is not the fault of the individual. In health education we must work with families, communities, and even regional and national authorities to make sure that resources and support are available to enable each individual to lead a healthy life.1 Paragraph 2_______________.2 Paragraph 3_______________.3 Paragraph 4_______________.4 Paragraph 5_______________.A Addressing a Variety of Behavior-affecting FactorsB Importance of ImmunizationC Relationship with Other Health ServicesD Creation of Necessary Conditions for Healthy BehaviorE Encouraging Unhealthy BehaviorF Encouragement of Behavior Good for Your Health5Promoting healthy behavior is the goal of_______________.6 Immunization helps to_______________.7Health education cannot take the place of_______________.8Individuals should be provided with necessary conditions for_______________.A many vaccinesB prevent diseasesC health educationD healthy behaviorE change unhealthy behaviorF other health services参考答案：23. C 24. F 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. F 30. DParisParis, the capital and the largest city of the country, is in north central France. The Paris metropolitan area contains nearly 20% of the nation's population and is the economic, cultural, and political center of France. The French governments have historically favored the city as the site for all decision making, thus powerfully attracting nearly all of the nation's activities.Paris has grown steadily since it was chosen as the national capital in the late 10th century. With the introduction of the Industrial Revolution, a great number of people moved to the city from the country during the 19th century. The migration was especially stimulated by the construction of railroads, which provided easy access to the capital. After World War IImore and more immigrants arrived.The city is the centralized control point of most national radio and television broadcasting. It is a place of publication of the most prestigious newspapers and magazines and an international book publishing center. With more than 100 museums, Paris has truly been one of the greatest concentrations of art treasures in the world. The Louver, opened as a museum in 1793, is one of the largest museums in the world.In the late 1980s about 4.1million pupils annually attended about 47,000 elementary schools. In addition, about 5.4 million students attended some 11,200 secondary schools. Approximately 1.2 million students were enrolled annually at universities and colleges in France in the late 1980s. French centers of learning have served as academic models throughout the world.Paris is the leading industrial center of France, with about one quarter of the nation's manufacturing concentrated in the metropolitan area. Industries of consumer goods have always bee drawn to Paris by the enormous market of the big population, and modern, high-technology industries also have become numerous since World War II. Chief manufactures are machinery, automobiles, chemicals and electrical equipment.EXERCISE：1. Paragraph2_________.2. Paragraph3_________.3. Paragraph4_________.4. Paragraph5_________.A History of the cityB Industries of the cityC Population grownD EducationE Cultural centerF Immigration5. Paris has in history been the center of___________.6. Since the 10th century, the population of Paris__________.7. Many valuable works of art_________.8. Paris is not only the center of education of France , but also the center_____________.A can be found in ParisB the major events of the nationC of the country's industriesD a lot of cinemas and theatersE has been growing steadilyF has been decreasing rapidly答案：1. C 2. E 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. E 7.A 8. CKeeping Cut Flowers1 While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around their house, few people know how to keep them for as long as possible. This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts.2 An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature. For example, studies have shown that cut carnations(康乃馨)retain their freshness eight times longer when kept at 12℃ than when kept at 26℃. Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right temperatures is probablythe most important aspect of flower care.3 Flowers are not intended by nature to live very long. Their biological purpose is simply to attract birds or insects, such as bees, for pollination(授粉). After that, they quickly dry up and die. The process by which flowers consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide(二氧化碳), called respiration(呼吸), generates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and color. The making of seeds also depends on this energy. While all living things respire, flowers have a high level of respiration. A result of all this respiration is heat, and for flowers the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is very high. Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower. Thus the greater the level of respiration, the sooner the flower dies.4 How, then, to control the rate at which flowers die? By controlling respiration. How is respiration controlled? By controlling temperature. We know that respiration produces heat, but the reverse is also true. Thus by maintaining low temperatures, respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowly.5 Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water in which they are placed. Flowers find it difficult to "drink" water that is dirty or otherwise polluted. Even when water looks and smells clean, it almost certainly contains harmful substances that can endanger the flowers. To rid the water of these unwanted substances, household chlorine bleach(含氯漂白剂)can be used in small quantities. It is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach(at 4% solution)beadded to each liter of water. The water and solution should also be replaced each day.23 Paragraph 2__________.24 Paragraph 3__________.25 Paragraph 4__________.26 Paragraph 5__________.A Control of RespirationB Beauty of Fresh Cut FlowersC Role of RespirationD Most Important Aspect of Flower CareE Need for Clean WaterF Ways of Stopping Respiration27 A few simple facts will help you keep cut flowers__________.28 Respiration plays a key role__________29 The aging of cut flowers can be slowed down__________.30 Another important way to prolong the life of cut flowers is__________.A by keeping its original shape and colorB in the life of cut flowersC to produce carbon dioxideD for as long as possibleE by controlling temperatureF to replace the water and solution every day答案：23. D24. C25. A 26. E27. D28. B29. E30. FHow We Form First lmpression1 We all have first impression Of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about Someone without reallyknowing anything about him or her -aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.2 The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits，even very minor difference in how a person's eyes，ears，nose，or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as differene1.In fact，your brain continuously process incoming sensory information- the sights and sounds of your world. These incoming "signals" are compared against2 a host of "memories" stored in the brain areas called the cortex system to determine what these new signals " mean" .3 If you see someone you know and like at school3，your brain says "familiar and safe. " If you see someone new，it says，"new-potentially，threatening". Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other " known" memories. The height ，weight，dress ，ethnicity ， gestures ，and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics ，the more your brain may say，This is new. I don't like this person". Or else，"I'm intrigued" . Or yourbrain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes，ethnicity，gestures-like your other friends;so your brain says: "I like this person" . But these preliminary "impressions" can be dead wrong44 When we stereotype people，we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people-their history，interest，values，strengths，and true character - wecategorize them as jocks，geeks，or freaks.5 However，if we resist initial stereotypical impressions，we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person，hear about his or her life，hopes，dreams，and become aware of the person's character，we use a different，more mature style of thinking- and the most complex areas of our cortex，which allow us to be humane.练习:1. Paragraph 2_____2. Paragraph 3_____3. Paragraph 4_____4. Paragraph 5_____A Ways Of Departure from Immature and Simplistic ImpressionsB Comment on First ImpressionC Illustration Of First ImpressionD Comparing Incoming Sensory Information Against MemoriesE Threatening Aspect of First ImpressionsF Differences Among Jocks，Geeks and Freaks5. Sensory information is one that is perceived through_____.6. You interpret _____ by comparing it against the memories already stored in your brain.7. The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking，which is similar to_____.8. We can use our more mature style of thinking thanks to_____.A a stranger's less mature type of thinkingB the most complex areas of our cortexC the immature form of thinking of a very young childD the meaning of incoming sensory informationE the sights and sounds of the worldF an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking答案：DCBA EDCBScreen Test1. Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a survey （调查）published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50.2. But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial（有争议的）, partly because the radiation（辐射） brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue（组织） is denser.3. Researchers at the Polytechnic University1 of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the women’s cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.4. The mathematical model recommended by Britain’s National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led toa lower figure of 20 cancers.5. The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant” compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.6. But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help “optimize the technique” for breast cancer screening.7. “There is a trade-off（平衡） between the diagnostic （诊断的，判断的） benefits of breast screening and its risks,”admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution. “On the basis of the current （目前的）data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. That’s why radiation exposure should be minimized in any screening programme.”练习：1. Paragraph2 ________2. Paragraph3 ________3. Paragraph4 _ ____4. Paragraph5 _____A. Harm Screening May Do to a Younger WomanB. Investigating （调查）the Effect of ScreeningC. Effects Predicted by Two Different ModelsD. Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from RadiationE. Treatment of CancersF. Factors That Trigger Cancers5.Early discovery of breast cancer may________.6.Advantages of screening women under 50 are _______.7.Delaying the age at which screening starts may ________.8.Radiation exposure should be ________.A. be costlyB. harmfulC. save a lifeD. still open to debate(争论)E. reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancerF. reduced to the minimum答案与题解：1.A A说^是：用X射线检查可能对年轻女人不好。
2015全国职称英语等级考试必看卫生类阅读理解译文
2015全国职称英语等级考试必看_卫生类__阅读理解__译文第四部分阅读理解第一部分 (ABC级)第一篇第一篇：纳米保健技术走向贫困国家纳米技术的应用对象都是分子级和原子级的物质。
如今，长度为一纳米，即十亿分之一米的粒子已被开发出多种用途，如制造美容产品和抗污型服装等。
但其中一个领域科学家认为潜力尤为巨大，那就是医药领域。
•在上周于华盛顿Woodrow Wilson国际中心召开的一个项目会议上，科学家们探讨了如何将纳米技术应用于贫困国家人口保健的事宜。
来自多伦多大学的Peter Singer声称一项名为量子点的纳米技术可被应用于疟疾的诊断。
相对于传统的仅用显微镜观察血液样本的方法，此技术要先进得多。
由于贫困国家往往没有条件应用此项新技术，许多健康人被误诊为疟疾患者，而药物的滥用又导致了抗药性的产生。
所谓量子点是指一些被激活后会发光的粒子，如今科学家正在研究为它们编程的方法，以便当靶分子存在的时候就能够通过发光来诊断疾病。
纳米技术的优越性不光体现在疾病的诊断，还包括疾病的治疗。
国立卫生研究所的Piotr Grodzinski与大家共同探讨了如何运用纳米技术来增强药效。
以一些已经使用了纳米技术的抗癌药物为例，他指出，如果药物可以针对癌症病灶而不是整个人体，治疗所需药量就会大大减少，副作用也会降低。
Andrew Maynard是Woodrow Wilson中心新兴的纳米技术工程部骨干科学家，他注意到巴西、印度、中国及南非正在开发可被贫困国家所应用的纳米技术。
与此同时他指出，与较大分子不同，纳米材料的颗粒在人体内和体外环境中的作用可能有所不同，因此纳米技术的应用存在一定风险，若要深入研究这些风险则需要更大的资金投入。
第二篇：医学期刊医学杂志医学杂志是向医生和其他医务人员提供医学信息的出版物。
在过去，这些杂志只有印刷版。
随着电子出版的发展，许多医学杂志现在都有网站了，有些杂志只有网络版。
少数的医学杂志，如《美国医学会杂志》，被看做是普通医学杂志，因为它们涵盖了医学的许多领域。
职称英语 概括大意与完成句子
ACEinhibitors suppress a protein called angiotensin-converting enzyme, or ACE.
This enzyme producesa chemical in the body that makes blood passages narrow.
估测了女性的辐射累积剂量之后，他们用两种模型计算这可能导致的额外的癌症数量。
polytechnic多工艺的
analyse分析
estimate估计，预测
cumulative dose累计剂量
calculate 计算
4.The mathematical model recommended by Britain’s NationalRadiologicalProtection Board(NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18of them fatal.
研究人员表示，患高血压的孕妇在妊娠期的前3个月服用其他降压药，她们的危险性并没有增加。
来自田纳西州的范德比特大学和波士顿大学的研究人员对此进行了研究。
《新英格兰医学杂志》发表了此项研究成果。
研究人员研究了从1985年至2000年出生的约3万新生儿的记录。
其中有209个新生儿的母亲曾经在妊娠期的前3个月里服用过ACE抑制剂。
【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】
【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】
职称英语2015版 课文详解 第十课
10.The Dress Code for Office Life <New>办公室的着装礼仪1. Every office has a dress code(着装要求)，but in today’s casual（随便的）workplace，they aren’t always written. Instead it is up to（应由、适于）each individual（每个人） to figure out（想出、理解） what’s acceptable（可以接受的）and what’s not. This actually makes it harder to dress appropriately（合适地、适当地）, but fortunately（幸运地） most offices also send out（发出、送出） a few signals.1. 每个办公室都有其着装之道，但在当今较随便的工作场合中，着装规则并不总是明文写出。
这就需要每位职员自己弄清楚什么是可以接受的，什么是不被接受的。
这实际上增加了得体着装的难度，但好在大多数办公室也发出一些信号。
2. Start by taking a cue（暗示、线索）from others. Does everyone wear conservative（保守的）suits? Then you’d best follow suit. Are jeans and denim shirts the norm（规范）? Then it’s okay to go causal, although（但是） you may want to dress up（着装） a little the first few weeks when the boss is sizing you up. This is especially（尤其）true if the boss doesn’t dress down as much as everyone else （其他所有人） does.2. 先从别人身上寻得一些线索。
2015 职称英语 综合 B 小抄 排序 概括大意
第四篇Alaska1. P 3____ Land and population2. P4____ D）The natives of the land3. P5_________ Transportation problem4. P6_________Rich resources of the state5. For as long as three months of a year，the sun ________ on the ice-covered land of Alaska. D. shines day and night6. According to statistics，_________ of the total area of Alaska has been used for farming. E. only a very small percentage7. Alaska was originally part of Russia，but was bought _______. C. by the United States in the 19th century8. Gold did not bring to Alaska as much wealth__________ A. as fish does2015-y-1 adult education1. P2_____ Ways of receiving adult education2. P 3____ Necessity for developing adult education3. P 4____ Early days of adult education4. P5____ Growth of adult education5. Some adults want to learn ___ what they did not manage to learn earlier6.There are various forms of adult education，including ___ guided self-study and correspondence courses7. Adult education has been made necessary _____ by social and economic changes8. The earliest organized adult education _____ dates back to the eighteenth century2014-c body language in united states23. P1 Body language for greeting and good-bye24. P2 Body language in public places25. P3 Body language in business and social life26. P4 Body language with children27. When men shake hands, they sometimes usethe left hand to cover-- the handshake28. Some women don’t want men to give up theirseats on ---- public transportation29. People usually make eye contact with eachother during ---- a business meeting30. An angry mother sometimes shakes an indexfinger at ----- her kids第三篇English and English Community1.P 2 The Definition of a Speech2.P3 __ . The Composition of the English3.Pa 4 ___ . The Wide Use of English4.P5 __ The Advantages of Learning aSecond Language5.Only through the shared language_______.A. that of a speech community6. The idea of the national boundaries is oftendifferent from_______.7. Speakers are classified into twogroups_______. D. for the sake of simplicity8. An understanding of English___ hasplayed an important role in the field ofeducation第八篇EarthquakeHarm Screening May Do to Younger WomanInvestigating the Effect of ScreeningEffects Predicted by Two Different ModelsSmall Risk of Inducing Cancers from Radiation . save a lifestill open to debate(争论)reduce the risk of radiation triggering acancerreduced to the minimum第六篇How We Form First Impression1. P2_____ Comparing Incoming SensoryInformation Against Memories2. P3_____ C Illustration Of FirstImpression3. P4__ Comment on First Impression4. P5____ Ways Of Departure fromImmature and Simplistic Impressions5. Sensory information is one that isperceived through____ the sights and soundsof the world6. You interpret _____ by comparing itagainst the memories already stored in yourbrain. --the meaning of incoming sensoryinformation7. The way we stereotype people is a lessmature form of thinking，which is similarto___ the immature form of thinking of avery8. We can use our more mature style ofthinking thanks to___ the most complex areas第七篇How to Argue with Your BossPa 2____ Don’t Go in When You are AngryP3________. Make the Issue ClearP4________ Propose Your SolutionP5_____Put Yourself in the Boss’s PositionIf you want to ask the boss for anything, it isimportant to find out first_. . how he is feelingIt is necessary to make clear to theboss_what you really want to talk to himaboutIt is not wise to present the boss with aproblem___without suggesting a way to solveitYou must be considerate and think of thetroubles__________ C. the boss may have2015-b-2 hurricanesP1 _ A Short History of Naming HurricanesP 2 __ Different Names for the Same Things25.P4 ___ Huge Energy Stored in a Hurricane26.P5 __ Difficulty in Forecasting the Courseof a Hurricane27.Both male and female names are used forhurricanes in consideration of __ sex equalitying weather satellites can ensure________ of hurricanes. ----- the timely(及时的)discovery29.Energy specialists may be interested in________ of hurricanes. ------ the huge power2012-c who built giza’s pyramids?23. P 1__Builders of the pyramids24. P2___ Pyramid builders' jobs25. P3___ Pyramid builders' tough lives26. P4___ An important national project27. The pyramids of Giza were built __by ordinary Egyptians __28. To build the pyramids, the workers had different roles and worked ___ on different teams29. Both men and women workers suffered from arthritis which developed ___ from taking heavy things30. The pyramid builders were proud ___ of their work2013-c pedestrians only23. P1____An idea from ancient history24. P2____A need for change25. P3____ Facing protests from shop owners26. P 4____ Increase in sales and customers27. Traffic-free shopping streets first developed in________. Middle Eastern countries28. In the 1960s, dirty gases from cars made shopping________. a bad experience29. Shopkeepers mistakenly believed thecar-free streets would keepaway____customers30. The arrival of the traffic-free shopping street made many ________ lose their business.------- furniture sellers 第一篇The Making of a Success Story1. P 2 ___The origin of IKEA2. P3 _ Specialization in selling furniture3. P4 _Success brought by the introductionof showrooms4. P5 ___Flat packaging – a feature of IKEA5. Even when he was only a child, ____.6. ____, and years later became a bigcompany specialized in manufacturing andselling of furniture. -------IKEA began as asmall store selling all kinds of cheap things.7. Customers liked the idea of IKEA’sshowrooms because ____.-------- E. herethey can see and try the furniture they aregoing to buy.8. As flat packaging saves money for bothIKEA and the customers, ____.-------- B. it ishighly welcomed by both第二篇The Paper Chase1. P 2 _____ A. Find a Place to Work on2. Pa3 __ E. Get Rid of Unimportant Things3. P4 _____ F. Dealing With Bills4. P5 __ C. What Is a Good Filing System5. Stephanie Denton is expert ______in paperchase6. You can put your file cart anywhere youlike, on condition ___ that it is easily reached7. Coupons should be thrown away because____________. A. they are useless8. "Mentally flexible" indicates the fact _.that different people have different第九篇Transport and Trade1. P2 __ Importance of transport in tradeP3 ____. Higher living standardP4 __Birth of transport-related inds and trade4. P5 __Role of information in trade5. The development of modern means oftransport ______ has greatly promoted trade6. Only when goods can be carried to allparts of the world quickly _____is it possibleto produce on a large scale7. Transport has made it possible for peopleto eat whatever food they want ___ at anytime during the year8. In the trade of modern society thetransmission of information plays asimportant a role as ___the transport of goods第五篇US Signs Global Tobacco TreatyUS Signing of the FCTCHow the FCTC Came into BeingWhat the FCTC DemandsWhat the FCTC Will Bring about5. Signing the FCTC is only the first steptoward__________. approving it6. Countries that ratify the FCTC will have to,among other things, ____. restrict smoking inpublic places7. It is hoped that the FCTC will greatly helpto reduce deaths_____ caused by tobacco use8. Much more countries have signed theFCTC than those that__________. haveratified it2012-c who built giza’s pyramids?23. P 1__Builders of the pyramids24. P2___ Pyramid builders' jobs25. P3___ Pyramid builders' tough lives26. P4___ An important national project27. The pyramids of Giza were built __byordinary Egyptians __28. To build the pyramids, the workers haddifferent roles and worked ___ on differentteams29. Both men and women workers sufferedfrom arthritis which developed ___ fromtaking heavy things30. The pyramid builders were proud ___ oftheir work。
2015年职称英语考试教材综合类新增文章
2015年职称英语考试教材《综合类》新增文章解析【阅读判断】第三篇：Across the DesertThe Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world. It stretches across Africa from Senegal to Egypt. The Sahara Desert is an unfriendly environment. During the day it's very hot, and at night it’s sometimes very cold. It is also difficult to find water in the Sahara.In 2006, Kevin Lin, Ray Zahab, and Charlie Engle decided to do something very difficult. They made the decision to run across the Sahara Desert 4,300 miles (6,920km). It seemed impossible to do, but they wanted to try. The three men liked to test themselves, and this would be a very big test.On the morning of November 2, Kevin, Ray, and Charlie started their trip across the Sahara. Every morning they began running at 5:00. At11 a.m. they stopped and rested until 5 p.m. Then they ran again until 9:30 in the evening. Each day they ran about 40 miles (64 km). Every day it was the same thing. They got up and ran. They listened to music on their iPods, and they ran and ran.Kevin, Ray, and Charlie needed to eat a lot of food during their trip. Most people need about 2,000 calories of food each day. Kevin, Ray, and Charlie needed between 6,000 and 9,000 calories every day. That's a lot of food! They also needed to drink a lot of water.The three men had some problems on their trip, and many times they wanted to quit and go home. It was often very hot (140°F/60°C) during the day, and the heat made them sick. Their legs and feet hurt. Sometimes it was very windy, and they couldn't see. One time they got lost. But they didn't quit. After 111 days, Kevin, Ray; and Charlie successfully finished their trip across the Sahara Desert. They hugged each other and put their hands in the water of the Red Sea. Then they ran to a hotel to take a long shower.1. It’s not always hot in the Sahara Desert.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned【正确答案】A【考点分析】本题涉及的知识点为：同义改写。
职称英语 概括大意与完成句子
controversial有争议的
radiation辐射
tissue组织
dense密集的
3. Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analysed the effect of screening morethan 160,000 women at 11 local clinics.
Also, younger women must be given higherdoses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser.
但是，用X射线检查年轻女人，就医学上的好处而言，是有争议的，部分原因是辐射有诱发癌症的小危险。
另外，年轻女人乳房组织紧密，给予的X射线的剂量要多一些。
The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of AtomicRadiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers.
英国国家辐射保护委员会推荐的数学模型预言，X射线计划会导致每10万名女人中36名患上癌症，18名致死。
Doctors have given these drugs to patients for twenty-five years.
A government study inthe United States found that the use almost doubled between 1995 and 2000.
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【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】
2015年职称英语考试综合类概括大意模拟试题精选
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。
请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上.Health Education1 Health education is the part of health care that is concerned with promoting healthy behavior. A person's behavior may be the main cause of a health problem, but it can also be the main solution. This is true for the teenager who smokes, the mother with the poorly nourished (营养) child, and the butcher (屠夫，卖肉的人) who gets a cut on his finger. By changing their behavior these individuals can solve and prevent many of their own problems.2 Health education does not replace other health services, but it is needed to promote the proper use of these services. One example of this is immunization (免疫): scientists have made many vaccines (疫苗) to prevent diseases, but this achievement is of no value unless people go to receive the immunization.3Health education encourages behavior that promotes health, prevents illness, cures disease, and contributes to recovery. The needs and interests of individuals, families, groups, organizations, and munities are at the heart of health education programs. Thus there are many opportunities for practicing health education.4Health education is not the same thing as health information. Correct information is certainly a basic part ofhealth education, but health education must also address the other factors that affect health behavior such as availability (可获性) of resources, effectiveness of munity leadership, social support from family members, and levels of self-help skills. Health education therefore uses a variety of methods to help people understand their own situations and choose actions that will improve their health. Health education is inplete unless it encourages involvement and choice by the people themselves.5 Also, in health education we do not blame people if they do not behave in a healthy way. Often unhealthy behavior is not the fault of the individual. In health education we must work with families, munities, and even regional and national authorities to make sure that resources and support are available to enable each individual to lead a healthy life.1 Paragraph 2_______________.2 Paragraph 3_______________.3 Paragraph 4_______________.4 Paragraph 5_______________.A Addressing a Variety of Behavior-affecting FactorsB Importance of ImmunizationC Relationship with Other Health ServicesD Creation of Necessary Conditions for Healthy BehaviorE Encouraging Unhealthy BehaviorF Encouragement of Behavior Good for Your Health5Promoting healthy behavior is the goal of_______________.6 Immunization helps to_______________.7Health education cannot take the placeof_______________.8Individuals should be provided with necessary conditions for_______________.A many vaccinesB prevent diseasesC health educationD healthy behaviorE change unhealthy behaviorF other health services参考答案：23. C 24. F 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. F 30. DParisParis, the capital and the largest city of the country, is in north central France. The Paris metropolitan area contains nearly 20% of the nation's population and is the economic, cultural, and political center of France. The French governments have historically favored the city as the site for all decision making, thus powerfully attracting nearly all of the nation's activities.Paris has grown steadily since it was chosen as the national capital in the late 10th century. With the introduction of the Industrial Revolution, a great number of people moved to the city from the country during the 19th century. The migration was especially stimulated by the construction of railroads, which provided easy access to the capital. After World War II more and more immigrants arrived.The city is the centralized control point of most national radio and television broadcasting. It is a place of publicationof the most prestigious newspapers and magazines and an international book publishing center. With more than 100 museums, Paris has truly been one of the greatest concentrations of art treasures in the world. The Louver, opened as a museum in 1793, is one of the largest museums in the world.In the late 1980s about 4.1million pupils annually attended about 47,000 elementary schools. In addition, about 5.4 million students attended some 11,200 secondary schools. Approximately 1.2 million students were enrolled annually at universities and colleges in France in the late 1980s. French centers of learning have served as academic models throughout the world.Paris is the leading industrial center of France, with about one quarter of the nation's manufacturing concentrated in the metropolitan area. Industries of consumer goods have always bee drawn to Paris by the enormous market of the big population, and modern, high-technology industries also have bee numerous since World War II. Chief manufactures are machinery, automobiles, chemicals and electrical equipment.EXERCISE：1. Paragraph2_________.2. Paragraph3_________.3. Paragraph4_________.4. Paragraph5_________.A History of the cityB Industries of the cityC Population grownD EducationE Cultural centerF Immigration5. Paris has in history been the center of___________.6. Since the 10th century, the population of Paris__________.7. Many valuable works of art_________.8. Paris is not only the center of education of France , but also the center_____________.A can be found in ParisB the major events of the nationC of the country's industriesD a lot of cinemas and theatersE has been growing steadilyF has been decreasing rapidly答案：1. C 2. E 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. E 7.A 8. CKeeping Cut Flowers1 While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around their house, few people know how to keep them for as long as possible. This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts.2 An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature. For example, studies have shown that cut carnations(康乃馨)retain their freshness eight times longer when kept at 12℃ than when kept at 26℃. Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right temperatures is probably the most important aspect of flower care.3 Flowers are not intended by nature to live very long. Their biological purpose is simply to attract birds or insects, such as bees, for pollination(授粉). After that, they quickly dry up and die. The process by which flowers consume oxygen andproduce carbon dioxide(二氧化碳), called respiration(呼吸), generates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and color. The making of seeds also depends on this energy. While all living things respire, flowers have a high level of respiration. A result of all this respiration is heat, and for flowers the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is very high. Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower. Thus the greater the level of respiration, the sooner the flower dies.4 How, then, to control the rate at which flowers die? By controlling respiration. How is respiration controlled? By controlling temperature. We know that respiration produces heat, but the reverse is also true. Thus by maintaining low temperatures, respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowly.5 Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water in which they are placed. Flowers find it difficult to "drink" water that is dirty or otherwise polluted. Even when water looks and smells clean, it almost certainly contains harmful substances that can endanger the flowers. To rid the water of these unwanted substances, household chlorine bleach(含氯漂白剂)can be used in small quantities. It is remended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach(at 4% solution)be added to each liter of water. The water and solution should also be replaced each day.23 Paragraph 2__________.24 Paragraph 3__________.25 Paragraph 4__________.26 Paragraph 5__________.A Control of RespirationB Beauty of Fresh Cut FlowersC Role of RespirationD Most Important Aspect of Flower CareE Need for Clean WaterF Ways of Stopping Respiration27 A few simple facts will help you keep cut flowers__________.28 Respiration plays a key role__________29 The aging of cut flowers can be slowed down__________.30 Another important way to prolong the life of cut flowers is__________.A by keeping its original shape and colorB in the life of cut flowersC to produce carbon dioxideD for as long as possibleE by controlling temperatureF to replace the water and solution every day答案：23. D24. C25. A 26. E27. D28. B29. E30. FHow We Form First lmpression1 We all have first impression Of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about Someone without really knowing anything about him or her -aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.2 The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits，even very minor difference in how a person's eyes，ears，nose，or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as differene1.In fact，your braincontinuously process ining sensory information- the sights and sounds of your world. These ining "signals" are pared against2 a host of "memories" stored in the brain areas called the cortex system to determine what these new signals " mean" .3 If you see someone you know and like at school3，your brain says "familiar and safe. " If you see someone new，it says，"new-potentially，threatening". Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other " known" memories. The height ，weight，dress ，ethnicity ， gestures ，and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics ，the more your brain may say，This is new. I don't like this person". Or else，"I'm intrigued" . Or yourbrain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes，ethnicity，gestures-like your other friends;so your brain says: "I like this person" . But these preliminary "impressions" can be dead wrong44 When we stereotype people，we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people-their history，interest，values，strengths，and true character - we categorize them as jocks，geeks，or freaks.5 However，if we resist initial stereotypical impressions，we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person，hear about his or her life，hopes，dreams，and bee aware of the person's character，we use a different，more mature style of thinking- and the most plex areas of our cortex，which allow us to be humane.练习:1. Paragraph 2_____2. Paragraph 3_____3. Paragraph 4_____4. Paragraph 5_____A Ways Of Departure from Immature and Simplistic ImpressionsB ment on First ImpressionC Illustration Of First ImpressionD paring Ining Sensory Information Against MemoriesE Threatening Aspect of First ImpressionsF Differences Among Jocks，Geeks and Freaks5. Sensory information is one that is perceived through_____.6. You interpret _____ by paring it against the memories already stored in your brain.7. The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking，which is similar to_____.8. We can use our more mature style of thinking thanks to_____.A a stranger's less mature type of thinkingB the most plex areas of our cortexC the immature form of thinking of a very young childD the meaning of ining sensory informationE the sights and sounds of the worldF an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking答案：DCBA EDCBScreen Test1. Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough,the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a survey （调查）published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50.2. But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial（有争议的）, partly because the radiation（辐射） brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue（组织） is denser.3. Researchers at the Polytechnic University1 of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the women’s cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.4. The mathematical model remended by Britain’s National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific mittee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers.5. The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant” pared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.6. But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study,they suggest, could help “optimize the technique” for breast cancer screening.7. “There is a trade-off（平衡） between the diagnostic （诊断的，判断的） benefits of breast screening and its risks,”admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution. “On the basis of the current （目前的）data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. That’s why radiation exposure should be minimized in any screening programme.”练习：1. Paragraph2 ________2. Paragraph3 ________3. Paragraph4 _ ____4. Paragraph5 _____A. Harm Screening May Do to a Younger WomanB. Investigating （调查）the Effect of ScreeningC. Effects Predicted by Two Different ModelsD. Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from RadiationE. Treatment of CancersF. Factors That Trigger Cancers5.Early discovery of breast cancer may________.6.Advantages of screening women under 50 are _______.7.Delaying the age at which screening starts may ________.8.Radiation exposure should be ________.A. be costlyB. harmfulC. save a lifeD. still open to debate(争论)E. reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancerF. reduced to the minimum答案与题解：1.A A说^是：用X射线检查可能对年轻女人不好。
2015年职称英语考试卫生类新增加文章及全文翻译(全)
卫生B补全短文新增文章*第七篇 Power Napping is Good for the I.Q.Today we hear more and more about the importance of getting enough sleep—about eight hours a night. Sleep can help heal and give energy to both the body and the brain. Medical experts now believe that sleep is even more important for health than diet or exercise It seems almost certain that the third of our lives that we spend asleep has a great effect on the two-thirds that we are awake. Sleep affects our emotions, memory, focus, and behavior.Studies show that people in developed countries spend less time asleep and more time at work or commuting. Dr. Karine Spiegel, at the University of Chicago, has found that the average length of sleep has gone down from nine hours a night in 1910 to seven-and-a-half hours a night today. However, our bodies cannot function well without enough sleep. Losing just one or two hours of sleep a night, over a long period of time, can cause serious health problemsAccording to Canadian scientist Dr. Stanley Coren, every hour of lost sleep at night causes us to lose one I.Q. point the next day. For example, when someone gets only five or six hours of sleep each night for a week, the person’s I.Q. could go down 15 points or more. That’s why, without enough sleep, a normally intelligent person may start to have difficulty doing daily tasks 。
2015年职称英语综合类B级新增文章翻译
2015年职称英语教材新增文章综合B阅读理解第二十四篇The Romance of ArthurMost cultures have some sort of hero whorepresents the best values of what its people believe in. The unusual thingabout King Arthur is that legends of his heroism have persisted for severalcenturies and spread far beyond England, the place where they began.The earliest stories of King Arthur represent himas a warrior who fought and subdued the invading Norsemen in the years aroundA. D. 700. This much of the Arthurian tale is probably based on fact. Whethercalled Arthur or not, there is a body of evidence supporting the existence ofsuch a warrior. It is the later embellishments of the tale whose authenticityis questionable. According to these, Arthur was born in a castle in Tintagel onthe stormy western coast of England and because he was the illegitimate son ofKing Uther Pendragon, he was spirited away by the magician Merlin and his trueidentity kept from him. He became king after freeing the sword Excalibur fromthe stone into which it was thrust. He married the beautiful Guinevere andassembled in his court all the noblest knights of the land, including Lancelot,with whom Guinevere would later be unfaithful to him. He was finally defeatedin battle by his illegitimate son Mordred, and his body was spirited away tothe isle of A Valon.This romantic tale greatly appealed to the Englishand the French in the Middle Ages, when the code of chivalry-ideal qualities ofknighthood-constituted an important part of many stories. Tales of the heroismof Galahad, Percival, Gawain, and many other of Arthur's knights werecirculated as well.In England today, there are many sites claiming apiece of the Arthurian an legend. There is a mined castle at Tintagel. NearGlastonbury are the remains of an ancient abbey where Arthur’s and Guinevere'sbodieswere supposedly exhumed in the 12th century. Neither of these provesthat the legend is true, but they do keep its mystique alive.词汇：Arthurn.亚瑟（中世纪传奇故事中的不列颠国王，圆桌骑士团的首领）authenticityn.可靠性，真实性spiritv.偷偷地带走；拐走；绑架warriorn. 战士，勇士chivalryn. 骑士subduev. 制服，慑服embellishmentn. 美化，修饰mystiquen. 神秘气氛注释：1. This much of theArthurian tale……：许多这类亚瑟王的故事2. ...was spirited awayby ……被偷偷地带走……亚瑟的传奇很多文化都有某类能代表他们民族深信的价值观的英雄。
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2 IKEA's name comes from Kamprad's initials (I.K.)and the place where he grew up (`E` and `A`). Today IKEA is known for its modern , minimalist furniture , but it was not a furniture company in the beginning .Rather, IKEA sold all kind of miscellaneous goods ,Kamprad's ware included anything that he could sell for profits at discounted prices ,including watches ,pens and stockings .
第三篇English and English Community英语和英语群体
1. There is no denying that English is a useful language. The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese. Originally they were small tribes of people from northern Europe who settled in England. Their languages became more and more similar to each other. Finally, the language had enough uniformity to be used by all speakers in England. The people were united into a speech community through their shared language.
4 In 1953 IKEA opend its first showroom in Almhult ,Sweden. IKEA is known today for its spacious stores with furniture in attractive settings ,but in the early 1950s ,people ordered from catalogues ,Thus response to the first showroom was overwhelming:people loved being able to see and try the furniture before buying it . This led to increaserive .By 1955, IKEA was designing all its own furniture .
2. Create a space in which you can always do your paperwork. This is perhaps the most important element of a successful system. If you can't devote an entire desk to the task, at least invest in a rolling file cart to store active paperwork and a two-drawer file cabinet for family records. Store the rolling file cart wherever it is most convenient and comfortable to do your work. whether that is the kitchen, office, or family room.
4. Set aside two days a month to pay bills, if a monthly due date doesn't fit into your cycle, call up the creditor and suggest a more convenient date, keep two manila folders at the front of your system for current bills — one to correspond with each bill-paying day — and file all incoming bills. Keep a list in the front of each folder of what needs to be paid in case the invoice never arrives or gets misplaces.
5 In 1956 Kamprad saw a man disassembling a table to make it easier to transport . Kamprad was inspired .The man had given him a great idea :flat packaging . Flat packaging would mean lower shipping costs for IKEA and lower prices for customers .IKEA tried it and sales soared . The problem was that people had to assemble furniture themselves ,but over time ,evem this grew into an advantage for IKEA . Nowadays ,IKEA is often seen as having connotations of self-sufficiency .This image has done wonders for the company ,leading to better sales and continued expansion.
3 IKEA first began to sell furniture through a mail-order catalogue in 1947. The furniture was all designed and made by manufacturers near Kamprad's home. Initial sales were very encouraging , so Kamprad expanded the product line . Furniture was such a successful aspect of the business that IKEA became solely a furniture company in 1951.
5. Think of your filling system not as a rigid tool, but as a living, breathing system that can accommodate your changing needs. A good filling system is both mentally and physically flexible, everyone's needs are different, says Denton, but when devising a filling system, ask yourself: "Where would I look for this?" Create main headings for your filling system, such as investments, Taxes, Children, and so forth, and file individual folders under the main headings. Never overstuff your files.
3. When in doubt, throw it out, the first step to implementing a workable filling system is to eliminate paper you don't use, don't need, or that you could easily access again elsewhere. Throw out duplicate statements, old catalogs, and all of the coupons, mailings, or offerings you'll never have an opportunity to use or even read.
第二篇The Paper Chase文件整理
1. "Running a house is lot like running a business." says Stephanie Denton, a professional organizer based in Cincinnati, Ohio, who specializes in both residential and commercial paperwork and record keeping. To get a successful grip on organizing documents, bills, and other materials, Denton suggests the following tips: