Mapping and Mapping Review
ReviewR 2.3.10 电子病历审查工具说明说明书
Package‘ReviewR’September1,2023Title A Light-Weight,Portable Tool for Reviewing Individual PatientRecordsVersion2.3.10Description A portable Shiny tool to explore patient-level electronic health record data and perform chart review in a single integrated framework.This tool supportsbrowsing clinical data in many different formats including multiple versionsof the'OMOP'common data model as well as the'MIMIC-III'data model.Inaddition,chart review information is captured and stored securely via theShiny interface in a'REDCap'(Research Electronic Data Capture)projectusing the'REDCap'API.See the'ReviewR'website for additional information,documentation,and examples.License BSD_3_clause+file LICENSEURL https:///,https:///thewileylab/ReviewR/BugReports https:///thewileylab/ReviewR/issuesDepends R(>=3.5.0)Imports bigrquery(>=1.2.0),config,DBI,dbplyr,dplyr(>=1.0.0),DT,gargle,glue,golem,httr,jsonlite,magrittr,purrr,redcapAPI,REDCapR,rlang(>=0.4.7),RPostgres,RSQLite,shiny(>=1.5.0),shinycssloaders(>=1.0.0),shinydashboard,shinydashboardPlus(>=2.0.0),shinyjs,shinyWidgets(>=0.6.0),snakecase,stringr,tibble,tidyr(>=1.1.0)Suggests fs,gt,here,htmltools,knitr,pkgload,processx,readr,rmarkdown,rstudioapi,spelling,testthat(>=2.1.0),usethisVignetteBuilder knitrEncoding UTF-8Language en-USLazyData trueRoxygenNote7.2.3NeedsCompilation no12db_function_all_patients_table_template Author Laura Wiley[aut](<https:///0000-0001-6681-9754>),Luke Rasmussen[aut](<https:///0000-0002-4497-8049>),David Mayer[cre,aut](<https:///0000-0002-6056-9771>),The Wiley Lab[cph,fnd]Maintainer David Mayer<**************************>Repository CRANDate/Publication2023-09-0115:50:11UTCR topics documented:db_function_all_patients_table_template (2)db_function_subject_table_template (3)db_module_template (3)dev_add_database_module (4)dev_add_data_model (4)redcap_survey_complete (5)redcap_widget_map (6)run_app (6)supported_data_models (7)Index8db_function_all_patients_table_templateDatabase Table Function:All Patients Table TemplateDescriptionA character vector containing a function template for creating the’All Patients’table as displayedon the"Patient Search"TabUsagedb_function_all_patients_table_templateFormatA character vector with22elementsSee AlsoOther Development Templates:db_function_subject_table_template,db_module_templatedb_function_subject_table_template3db_function_subject_table_templateDatabase Table Function:Subject Table TemplateDescriptionA character vector containing a function template for creating the’Subject Filtered’tables as dis-played on the"Chart Review"TabUsagedb_function_subject_table_templateFormatA character vector with15elementsSee AlsoOther Development Templates:db_function_all_patients_table_template,db_module_templatedb_module_template Database Module TemplateDescriptionA character vector containing a database module templateUsagedb_module_templateFormatA character vector with52elementsSee AlsoOther Development Templates:db_function_all_patients_table_template,db_function_subject_table_template4dev_add_data_modeldev_add_database_moduleDevelop A Database ModuleDescriptionThis function will create a database module skeleton with required elements already populated,based on user mon database module packages are imported automatically,but develop-ers should add imports to the roxygen skeleton as necessary to both the UI and server functions tocollect user info and create a DBI connection object,respectively.Usagedev_add_database_module(mod_name=NULL,display_name=NULL)Argumentsmod_name Required.A string,denoting the module suffix eg:’mariadb’display_name Required.A string,denoting the module display name eg:’MariaDB Server’.This is the’user viewable’name that will appear in the database module selectordropdown.ValueA.Rfile populated with a database module skeletonSee AlsoOther Development Functions:dev_add_data_model()dev_add_data_model Develop Data Model Table FunctionsDescriptionThis function will assist in adding support for a new data model to ReviewR.A schemafile,sup-plied as a CSV,will be added to the package namespace such that upon connection to a databasecontaining the new data model,ReviewR can identify and display it through the database detectionmodule.Users will be prompted to identify which table in the new data model contains a list of all patients.Additionally,users will be asked to select whichfield uniquely identifies each patient.Thisfieldmust be present across all tables in the new data model for best results.Once selections are captured,a database_tables.Rfile will be populated and opened for editing inRStudio.Basic table skeletons are created based on the provided schema and user selections.Note:If the identifierfield is not present across all tables,care must be taken to adjust the database_tables.R file to appropriately represent the new data model structure.redcap_survey_complete5 Usagedev_add_data_model(csv)Argumentscsv Required.Thefile path of a CSVfile containing a data model schemaValueA.Rfile populated with basic database table functionsSee AlsoOther Development Functions:dev_add_database_module()redcap_survey_completeREDCap Survey CompleteDescriptionA dataset containing valid REDCap"Survey Complete"Values.Usageredcap_survey_completeFormatA data frame with2rows and2variables:redcap_survey_complete_names The human readable"Survey Complete"Responsesredcap_survey_complete_values REDCap API values for"Survey Complete"Responses...6run_app redcap_widget_map REDCap Widget MapDescriptionA dataset that maps REDCap question types and common validations to native shiny widgetsthrough custom functions.Usageredcap_widget_mapFormatA data frame with9rows and3variables:redcap_field_type A REDCap Question Typeredcap_field_validation Custom REDCap Question Type ValidationshinyREDCap_widget_function shinyREDCap function to use when mapping to native Shiny widget...run_app Run ApplicationDescriptionStart the ReviewR Application in a browser on port1410.__________.____________\______\________|__|________\______\|_//__\\//|/__\\/\//|_/||\___/\/|\___/\/||\|____|_/\___>\_/|__|\___>\/\_/|____|_/\/\/\/\/by WileyLabMaking manual record review fun since2019!authors:Laura Wiley,Luke Rasmussen,David MayerUsagerun_app(...)supported_data_models7Arguments...A list of options to pass to the app including:•secrets_json:A string,containing afile path to a Google OAuth2.0ClientID JSONValueNo return value,called to start the ReviewR Shiny Application!supported_data_models Supported Data Model SchemasDescriptionA dataset containing data model information along with the corresponding version and nestedschema information.Usagesupported_data_modelsFormatA data frame with12rows and4variables:data_model Data model namemodel_version Version of the data modeldata Nested database schemas,including included table andfield mappingsfile_path Where schema was imported from...Sourcehttps:///OHDSI/CommonDataModel/https:///MIT-LCP/mimic-codeIndex∗Development Functionsdev_add_data_model,4dev_add_database_module,4∗Development Templatesdb_function_all_patients_table_template, 2db_function_subject_table_template,3db_module_template,3∗datasetsdb_function_all_patients_table_template, 2db_function_subject_table_template,3db_module_template,3redcap_survey_complete,5redcap_widget_map,6supported_data_models,7db_function_all_patients_table_template,2,3db_function_subject_table_template,2,3,3db_module_template,2,3,3dev_add_data_model,4,4dev_add_database_module,4,5redcap_survey_complete,5redcap_widget_map,6run_app,6supported_data_models,78。
InformationMapping
Information MappingBy Robert E. HornFrom Training in Business and Industry. March 1974/Vol.11, No. 3.Information mapping is writing without paragraphs. Instead, there s a set format to guide the writer and reader along the easiest pathway to communication.Who should be interested in this article?• Training managers with responsibility for producing written training materials.• Scientists, technologists, engineers who write.• Training materials writers.• Educational technologists and other communications innovators.• Technical manual writers, company procedures writers, technical documentation specialists.Why should you be interested?Information mapping offers these advantages:• Easier and quicker writing of technical materials.• Easier initial specification of subject matter and job/task analysis.• Easier management and analysis of writing tasks in large projects.• Better learning materials and better referencing of technical materials.All this adds up to more effective and more efficient learning and reference in business communication.Information mapping is a methodology specifically designed to make technical communication in business and industry easier and quicker. It is currently emerging from a research phase supported by the U.S. Air Force Systems Command. Recently, courses have been given at the Center for Educational Technology at American University, at Great Britain’s Programmed Learning Centre for Industry at Sheffield University, and for the training department of a major multinational firm. Experts attending these workshops agree that Information Mapping simplifies the job of technical documentation and training.What is Information Mapping?A method of bringing together current learning research and instructional technology into a comprehensive materials development and presentation technology to improve technical communication.A system of principles and procedures for• identifying• categorizing• interrelating and sequencing, and• presenting graphically information required for learning and reference.More specifically, Information Mapping is a method for written communication as it is currently presented in textbooks, programmed-instruction books, technical manuals, and various kinds of paper documents for complex projects. Information Mapping improves current methods for doing the learning and reference work itself, preparinglearning/reference materials, and maintaining/updating such learning/reference materials.Various experts have estimated an increase in efficiency of from five to 50 percent from Information Mapping in different projects. Most individuals who learn how to use the methodology improve their speed in writing technical materials by five to 20 percent. While these data are based on subjective estimates, almost anyone can use some extra time during his writing labors.What is new about information mapping?1.Replaces the paragraph (in prose) or frame (in programmed learning) with• information blocks and/or• information maps2.Provides a simple, comprehensive, modular, expandable classification system ofinformation maps and blocks.3.Can be used for different purposes with minimal changes.4.Provides ready-to-use consistent formats for different types of presentations.Each of the above features requires additional explanation. The paragraph and the frame have always been loosely defined units of writing. It is difficult—in an engineering sense—to maintain quality control with them. Furthermore, it has been notoriously difficult to teach people to write “good” frames or paragraphs.To replace them we have introduced a new and very carefully defined—yet easily learned—unit of information called the Information Block, and collections of these blocks called Information Maps. Each Information Block is functionally labeled, and each type of block has specific rules about what types of information belong in it and what information belongs elsewhere.Every sentence and illustration in a subject matter (book) becomes part of an Information Block. All blocks are assigned to specific maps. All maps are assigned to units which in turn are assigned to courses. Thus the entire organization of a course is hierarchical (yet the method may be interfused with another method of sequencing such as normal job order or prerequisite).There are six basic types of maps and about 40 types of blocks. However, one need not learn all of them to begin. Some books can be written with only a few types of maps. Reference materials on Information Mapping have been prepared so that one may learn only as much as needed to begin writing Information Mapped books.Unlike the paragraph, where every paragraph is different, Information Blocks of a particular type are all similar. For example, in an Information Block labeled “Definition”you will find only sentences which define a specified term. No sentences or wordsunnecessary to the given definition appear in a Definition Block. Similarly, an Example Block contains only sentences and diagrams which pertain to a specific example (and no other example). There are no mixtures.Diagram 1All blocks are labeledAll Information Blocks are functionally labeled. No non-functional units are put into an Information Map. Since each block has a name, as does each map, outlines for writers are automatically available. Furthermore, it is easy for a writer or an editor to see whether appropriate material has been included because the functions are clearly labeled.A Definition Block is easily examined by an editor, as is an Example Block. When they are not there, there is a noticeable gap. It is impossible for a writer to gloss over a meaning. The result is clarity in the final product.Information Blocks are modular. Any block or map can be taken out, improved and replaced at any given time. This permits Information Mapping to be used in a dynamic information environment, such as in a complex design project in which information changes continuously while the design engineers invent the new system.Mapping clarifies confusionThe following diagram (diagram 2) shows part of the overall map classification chart. (In the training materials for Information Mapping, each type of map or block is individually described and explained.) These classifications of blocks and maps can be added to by companies that have special requirements, although the experiences so far shows that few, in fact, have been added.Often there is confusion in the production of training materials in industry between reference uses and what we call “initial learning.” Sometimes training materials are prepared in the form of programmed instruction. These materials are great for initial learning but extraordinarily difficult to use later for reference purposes. Yet we know that people are forgetting animals and that they prefer to review what they previously learned in the same text rather than go to another, different reference work. On the other hand, technical manuals which are designed primarily for documentation purposes are often used for initial learning, even though these manuals are usually not organized in an effective learning format or sequence.Information Mapping clarifies this confusion by specifying particular types of uses for a given document. One of the earliest and most useful things we did was to design a document type that could be used for both initial learning and reference, taking advantages of the best of programmed instruction and reference materials. This then led to the development of other levels, such as:• Documentation (enough text so that a person who is knowledgeable in the general field will be able to grasp it)• Reference only• Initial learning only• Computer-assisted instruction (CAI)• Adjunct programmingDiagram 2For each of these levels, specific types of maps, blocks, and questions were specified. This meant that portions of the same material could be used for different final documents. For example, in a computer design and production project, the documentation specialists could use the documentation level of Information Mapping for the early stages of the project as the engineers are designing the machine and software. Then, these same blocks with additions and reorganization could be used for preparing training and operating manuals. And perhaps later, with the addition of still more blocks, the software for a CAI program could be made.Each map has specific formatIt should also be mentioned that each type of Information Map has a specified format. These graphic formats bring together for the first time a technology which has been slowly developing over the last 25 years by graphic illustrators. Because many maps have specific forms, one can tell at a glance what type of learning task one is facing. Furthermore, these formats permit the writer who is not good at visualization or designing formats to plough ahead without worrying. They give him the benefit of much of the display technology developed to date.Along with these new features, we have kept all that was good and proven in educational technology and good writing practice. That is, we have systematically combined these aspects of current state-of-the-art:• Careful specification of behavioral outcomes of instruction• Validation of instructional materials• Criterion-referenced, competency-based testing• Frequent chances for the student to obtain feedback on how well he has learned• Provision of review and practice• Careful testing and revision of materials until they meet objectives.In addition, Information Mapping pulls together and rationalizes the use of such new procedural aids as algorithms, decision tables, and WHIF (When and If) charts.Information Mapping was developed for use in that part of science, technology, and business which represents the largest amount of human information processing. It is, in fact, aimed at the very center of the paperwork mountain in business and government.Actual applications in government and industry to date include company policy book, temporary typists training manual, computer program documentation, accounting procedures book , sales handbook, and teacher’s manual.The costs to produce Information Mapped materials are no more than those for any other written product and can frequently run less in larger projects in which coordination and uniformity of product are important.Currently, it is possible to train writers in about a week, especially if they have been doing technical writing or program writing for a period of time. We are just now testingInformation Mapped training materials on Information Mapping. They should be available in the near future.WHEN SHOULD ONE CONSIDER USING INFORMATION MAPPING?1. When there is a need to prepare new written learning or reference materials. (Revision, unless major, is usually not a good place to start.)2. When the subject/job is basically one or more of these:• Conceptual (What is it? Generalizations, discriminations.)• Procedural (How to do it? In what order to do it?)• Process (How does it function?)• Classification (How is it organized?)• Structural (What are its parts?)• Decision (Which should I do?)WHAT SHOULD ONE NOT USE INFORMATION MAPPING FOR? Information mapping does not presently cover material designed to:• Report on some specific event that has happened (as in case histories).• Propose or plan to do some particular projects.• Simulate transactions or events.• Aid physical skill learning.• Help live, interpersonal learning.• Improve motivation in work and learning tasks (although its features do not discourage learning and work as some written materials do.)APPLICATIONS OF INFORMATION MAPPING FOR BUSINESSLEVEL OFINFORMATIONMAPPING TYPE OF COMPANY APPLICATIONDocumentation Computer program documentation.Early specification of equipment.Project records.Reference Company procedure booksTechnical handbooks.Sales reference books.Initial learning and reference Technical training materialsOperator training materials Maintenance trainingFunctional (sales, finance, etc.) trainingAdjunct programming To guide learning from already extant companymaterials, including reference and documentation-levelinformation mapping.SummaryThe difficulties in technical communication grow with the increasing complexity of equipment and size of human organizations. Information mapping is a response to these problems of complexity and size. Information mapping brings together current learning research and instructional technology in a comprehensive design and presentation methodology which makes communication easier and quicker. A major contribution of information mapping lies in its emphasis on more systematic planning and organization of the writing tasks: it virtually provides an outline as soon as a training activity or documentation effort has been started. Its other significant contribution is in the compression of the analysis-writing-graphic-presentation stages of technical writing. It enables technical specialists to work much more closely with writers in industrial training and documentation.。
Process Mapping
FSG-S M02 Rev B
2
The First Step……第一步 第一步…… 第一步
Remember, the First Step In Creating A Process Map Is To Have A Well-Defined Problem Statement 记住， 记住，画流程图的第一步是先定义一个好的问题陈述
Typical Order Fulfillment Process 典型的订单履行流程
Sales销售
Customer Places Order
Order Entry订单登录
Is order correct? No Yes Send order to warehouse for picking No
Warehousing仓储
你可以用5个“ 为什么” 去精炼问题描述,但是还是需要经管理层最终决 定该问题.
FSG-S M02 Rev B
3
What Is A Process Map?什么是流程图 什么是流程图? 什么是流程图
A graphical representation of a process flow identifying the steps of the process, the x’s and y’s of the process and opportunities for improvement. 一种以绘图形式的表现方法去描述(定义 一个工艺流程中的每一步 及其每一步的“X”s ,”Y”s 一种以绘图形式的表现方法去描述 定义)一个工艺流程中的每一步 及其每一步的 定义 一个工艺流程中的每一步,及其每一步的 和可以改进的机会. 和可以改进的机会
Make sure management provides you with a well-defined problem statement.
Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) part II
S
long excursion, the so-called loop-closure problem. The data association section surveys current data association methods used in SLAM. These include batch-validation methods that exploit constraints inherent in the SLAM formulation, appearance-based methods, and multihypothesis techniques. The third development discussed in this tutorial is the trend towards richer appearance-based models of landmarks and maps. While initially motivated by problems in data association and loop closure, these methods have resulted in qualitatively different methods of describing the SLAM problem, focusing on trajectory estimation rather than landmark estimation. The environment representation section surveys current developments in this area along a number of lines, including delayed mapping, the use of nongeometric landmarks, and trajectory estimation methods. SLAM methods have now reached a state of considerable maturity. Future challenges will center on methods enabling large-scale implementations in increasingly unstructured environments and especially in situations where GPS-like solutions are unavailable or unreliable: in urban canyons, under foliage, under water, or on remote planets.
公司全面梳理oa流程通知
公司全面梳理oa流程通知英文回答：Company-Wide Process for Comprehensive Examination of OA Processes.Notification.In order to optimize our operational efficiency and enhance our overall business performance, we will be conducting a comprehensive review of all OA processeswithin the company. This review will involve a thorough examination of existing workflows, identifying areas for improvement, and implementing streamlined and efficient processes.Objectives of the Process Review.To eliminate redundancies and streamline processes for increased efficiency.To enhance collaboration and communication among different departments.To improve data accuracy and integrity through standardized processes.To ensure compliance with industry regulations and best practices.To facilitate continuous improvement and innovation in OA processes.Scope of the Review.All OA processes currently in use within the company.Processes related to document management, workflow automation, collaboration tools, and other OA functionalities.Processes that impact multiple departments or teams.Methodology.The process review will involve the following key steps:Phase 1: Process Mapping and Analysis.Identify and document all existing OA processes.Analyze the processes to identify areas for improvement, bottlenecks, and redundancies.Phase 2: Process Design and Optimization.Develop and implement streamlined and efficient processes based on best practices and industry standards.Optimize workflows for seamless collaboration and automated execution.Phase 3: Process Implementation and Monitoring.Train employees on the new processes and provide necessary support.Monitor the implementation of the new processes and make adjustments as needed.Phase 4: Continuous Improvement.Regularly review and evaluate the effectiveness of the new processes.Identify opportunities for further improvement and innovation.Timeline.The process review is expected to be completed within three months. The project timeline will be as follows:Phase 1: Process Mapping and Analysis (Month 1)。
Compentency Mapping
Key Behaviour Indicators
• Independently researches for information and solutions to issues • Ability to know what needs to be done or find out (research) and take steps to get it done • Ask questions when not sure of what the problem is or to gain more information. • Able to identify the underlying or main problem. • Shows willingness to experiment with new things. • Develops a list of decision making guidelines to help arrive at logical solutions.
Example of a Competency
Analytical Thinking
• The ability to break problems into component parts and consider or organize parts in a systematic way; the process of looking for underlying causes or thinking through the consequence of different courses of action.
Competency model leads to • A Distilled set of underlying personal characteristics • Data generation from outstanding performers in addition to subject matter experts and other job incumbents • Outstanding Performance
价值流图析-现状
材料流与信息流
信息：通知每个过程做什么和下一步做什么。 材料流和信息流一样重要，就像一枚硬币的两面。
我们应该怎样流动信息，才能使一 个过程仅仅生产出为满足下一道工 序所需要的东西，而且是在需要的 时候生产呢？
信息
生产流→
材料
什么是价值流图？
价值流图是一张可视化的动态图表，精确地 描述了产品或服务过程中的材料流和信息流 的途径。
Map the scheduling system and document tracking of the information and materials as they move through the system 绘制计划系统及包括对整个系统中的这些信息及原料的跟踪
Document how the system communicates with the customers and suppliers 记录系统如何与客户及供应商沟通
•Limited impact on the total VALUE STREAM
显示流， 理解当前的现状（Big picture point of view, not just individual process ）
确认浪费来源（not just wastes) 将原料流与信息流相联 提供一个通用的语言来理解生产流程 建立改善活动的基础(improving the
2002年11月
什么是价值流？
SUPPLIERS YOUR PLANT OR BUSINESS CUSTOMER TO END USER
TOTAL VALUE STREAM
所谓价值流，是当前产品通过其基本生产过程所要求的全部活动。这些活动包 括给产品增加价值和不增加价值两部分，包括了从产品最基本的原材料阶段一 直到产品交付顾客的全部过程，如一辆汽车的制造，包括了从顾客要求到概念 设计、产品设计、样车制造、试验、定型、投产到交付后的使用、信息反馈和 回收过程，会经历很多车间、工厂、公司，甚至可能经历过多个国家和地区。 存在三个主要的价值流： 1）从原材料到产品交付顾客的生产流； 2）从概念设计到投产的设计流； 3）接受订单到收款的销售流。
IMDRF新版医疗器械不良事件原因调查研究结果术语及其在我国中文期刊文献的映射分析
学术论著*基金项目：国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2407604)“应急救治系列装备可靠性共性关键技术研究和评价体系构建-应急救治装备可靠性评价方法和监管标准研究”；工信部(2020-0110-1-2)“面向制造业重点领域的创新成果产业化公共服务平台建设项目”①中国医科大学附属第一医院预防保健办公室 辽宁 沈阳 110001②中国医学科学院输血研究所 四川 成都 610052③中国医学装备协会 北京 100086④中国医科大学药学院 辽宁 沈阳 110122⑤国家药品监督管理局药品评价中心医疗器械监测和评价二部 北京 100022△共同第一作者：缪莲英*通信作者：*************.cn；138****************作者简介：杨春红，女，(1969- )，本科学历，主管护师，从事医院儿科临床护理学与不良事件研究工作。
[文章编号] 1672-8270(2023)06-0156-10 [中图分类号] R197.3 [文献标识码] AThe terminology of IMDRF medical device adverse event cause investigation and its mapping and analysis in literatures of Chinese journals in China/YANG Chun-hong, MIAO Lian-ying, ZENG Kai et al//China Medical Equipment,2023,20(6):156-165.[Abstract] Objective: Based on the analysis of the classification and structural characteristics of the terminology of cause investigation – investigation findings published by the International Medical Device Regulators Forum (IMDRF) in 2023, to conduct a systematic evaluation and terminology mapping on the retrieved research literatures of Chinese journals in China. Method: Analyze the classification structure and distribution of terms in the IMDRF " cause investigation - investigation findings". Related literatures on the cause analysis of medical device adverse events from Chinese journals on the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) (search start and end time is not limited to March 31, 2023). After literature review , extract the cause terms of medical device adverse events, and establish a cause terms - article literature co-occurrence matrix, Compare and analyze the mapping relationship and match rate between literature terms and IMDRF cause investigation - investigation findings terms. Results: The terminology of IMDRF cause investigation – investigation findings adopts a hierarchical structure. The first level terms are divided into 24 categories, 97 second level terms, and 36 third level terms, with a total of 157 terms. Retrieved 142 Chinese journal articles, obtained 89 sample articles through systematic evaluation, and extracted 65 terms related to medical device adverse events; The mapping study of two terminologies shows that the mapping rate of the cause term words in Chinese literature of Chinese journals corresponds to the first level term words of IMDRF is 83.33%, the second level term words 49.48%, and the third level term 50.00%. Conclusion: The IMDRF terminology of cause investigation –investigation findings provide a terminology normative framework for conducting related research. While conducting terminology transformation analysis, it is necessary to strengthen the research on medical device adverse event causes investigation terminology based on China's characteristics, develop terminology standards, promote international information exchange, and provide technical support for serving high-quality development of healthcare and the medical device industry.[Key words] Medical device adverse events(MDAE); Cause investigation; T erminology; Root cause analysis(RCA); International Medical Device Regulators Forum (IMDRF)[First-author’s address] Prevention and Health Office, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110001, China.[摘要] 目的：在解析国际医疗器械监管机构论坛(IMDRF)2023年发布的医疗器械不良事件《原因调研-调研结果》术语的分类、结构特点基础上，对我国中文期刊相关研究文献进行系统评价和术语词映射研究。
CHT 6005-2018 古建筑测绘规范
总图采集的要素应包括GB/T13923规定的定位基准、水系、居民地及设施、管线、境界与政区、地
貌、植被与土质等要素，还应施测下列要素：
a）建（构）筑物凸凹大于图上0.4 mm部位的平面特征点；
b）建（构）筑物的台基、屋角、踏步等结构点；
独立坐标系independent coordinate system
相对独立于国家坐标系外的局部测量平面直角坐标系。
3.1.8
全面测绘overall surveying and mapping
古建筑的全部构件及其空间位置关系的测绘过程。
3.1.9
法式测绘representation surveying and mapping
GB/T13923基础地理信息要素分类与代码
GB/T24356测绘成果质量检杳与验收
GB50026工程测量规范
总图制图标准
建筑制图标准
测绘技术总结编写规定
测绘技术设计规定
全球定位系统实时动态测量(RTK)技术规范
低空数字航空摄影测量内业规范
低空数字航空摄影测量外业规范
低空数字航空摄影规范
地面三维激光扫描作业技术规程
1
1
2
1 ： 2 000
1
2
2
2
6.1.3地物点的平面位置中误差
总图上地物点相对于邻近图根点的点位中误差、邻近地物点间距中误差不应超过表2的规定，隐蔽
或实测困难地区可放宽0.5倍。
表2地物点的平面位置精度
单位为米
比例尺
地物点的点位中误差
邻近地物点间距中误差
1 » 5000.15源自0.101 7 000
c）等级控制测量最弱点相对起算点的点位中误差不应大于5cm；
orbslam3评价指标 -回复
orbslam3评价指标-回复Orbslam3是一种视觉SLAM（Simultaneous Localization and Mapping）算法，具有很高的实时性和精度。
视觉SLAM是一种通过分析场景中的视觉特征，同时进行自我定位和地图构建的技术。
这种技术在机器人导航、增强现实和无人驾驶等领域有着广泛的应用。
在评估Orbslam3的性能时，可以使用一些指标来衡量其精度、实时性和鲁棒性。
下面将逐步介绍这些指标及其意义。
1. 定位误差：定位误差是衡量系统定位精度的指标。
一般使用欧几里得距离或者旋转角度来衡量，通常以平均误差和最大误差两种形式来表示。
定位误差越小，表示系统的定位精度越高。
2. 地图精度：地图精度是指构建的地图与真实环境之间的匹配程度。
可以通过计算重投影误差来衡量地图精度，即通过将地图上的特征投影到图像上，与实际图像中的对应特征进行比较。
重投影误差越小，地图精度越高。
3. 实时性：实时性是指算法的运行速度。
在实际应用中，要求SLAM算法能够以一定的帧率进行执行，以实现实时的应用场景。
实时性可以通过记录算法的几何追踪时间和地图建立时间来衡量，几何追踪时间越短，地图建立时间越快，算法实时性越高。
4. 鲁棒性：鲁棒性是指算法对于噪声、动态环境和传感器失效等因素的健壮性。
对于一个好的SLAM算法来说，应该能够在各种复杂的环境下保持稳定的定位和地图构建。
鲁棒性可以通过测试算法在不同环境、光照条件和传感器故障下的表现来评估。
以上是评价Orbslam3性能的主要指标，下面将具体介绍如何进行评估。
1. 数据集选择：选择合适的数据集作为评估的基准非常重要。
数据集应该能够涵盖不同环境下的地图构建和定位任务，并包含传感器噪声、动态物体和各种光照条件。
常用的数据集包括KITTI、TUM、EuRoC等。
2. 运行Orbslam3：使用选定的数据集运行Orbslam3算法，记录系统运行时间和识别到的特征点数量。
这些数据可以用于评估算法的实时性。