上海市杨浦区2012届第一学期高三年级期末考试语文试卷(一模)
高三语文杨浦区一模试卷
杨浦区 2017 学年度第一学期高三年级模拟质量调研语文学科试卷（满分 150 分，时间150 分钟）一累积运用 10 分1.按要求填空（ 5 分）（ 1） ____________________，万钟于我何加焉（孟子《鱼我所欲也》）（2） ____________________，万方多灾此登临。
（杜甫《 _____________ 》）（3）人类的物质文明不论多么豪华，坚固，都逃可是时间的淘洗，李白在《登金陵凤凰台》中的一联“ ___________________ ， ___________________ ”对此发出感触。
2.按要求选择。
（ 5 分）（ 1）今世人做事讲究“有法可依”“有根有据” ，以下表述对应的一项为哪一项（）。
（2分）A. 导之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格天行有常，不为尧存，不为桀亡B. 没有规矩，不行方圆事不目见耳闻，而臆断其有无，可乎C. 礼禁未然从前，法施未然以后道听而途说，德之弃也D. 国不行无法，有法而不善与无法等不以言举人，不以人废言（ 2）填入下边语段空白处的词句，最合适的一项为哪一项（）。
（3分）中国古典诗文的审美往常逗留于农耕时代的意象，中国古代文学理论的气、韵、境、味等均是中国人独到情味的表现。
但是，面对现代社会的复杂经验，___________________ ，以“诗评、文评”为主要内容的中国古代文学理论只好做出相当有限的反响。
A. 精良的意象、隽永的境界还能舒畅淋漓地表达B. 古典诗文的模糊、精致倒是十分贴切C. 精致的古典诗文已显得力所不及D. 再精良的诗文都已经失掉言说的能力二阅读70分（一）阅读下文，达成第3-7 题。
（ 16 分）标准化时代的文化乡愁陈建华①用坐标横轴表示诗的完满性，用纵轴表示重要性，确定一个坐标点，计算其所占面积，即可测算诗的伟大指数。
这类表述近乎完满，将诗歌赏识的感性沉浸转变为可资按照的理性路径，将只好领悟难以言传的审美体悟做成可视化的数学模型，既易于理解又拥有可操作性。
上海市长宁区高三上学期期末质量抽测一模语文试题
上海市长宁区2012届高三第一学期期末质量抽测语文（考试时间150分钟，满分150分）注意：清勿在试卷上答题，答案一律写在答卷上。
一阅读（80 分）（一）阅读下文，完成第1－6题。
（17分）①“人文静安”的建设首先右要摆脱“集体失忆”现象。
当人们向前走的时候，很容易遗忘在自己身后已经发生过的事情，而在现代化的进程中涌现出未的高楼大及也档住了人们回眸的目光。
历史和文化传统不但淡出了人们的视线，□淡出了他们的记忆。
②这种“集体失忆”现象的根源并不是某个人或某个团体，而是现代化进程本身。
正如西方人的谚语所说的：“伟大和贻害是孪生子。
”现代化包含着许多积极因素，但也蕴含着不少消极因素，它追求标准化、一体化、高效化和机械化，试图抹去历史上一切与此格格不入的遗迹。
作为现代化生活典范的办公室白领，他们大多倾向于把自己的生活理解为幸福的生活，也许他们应该去读一下卡夫卡的《变形记》：一个公务员一天早晨醒来，突然成了一只大甲虫，由于他不再对家里有用，家里的人都开始冷落他，最后他在郁郁寡欢中离开了这个冷漠的世界。
如果他们有意做这样的阅读，就会明白，现代化也使他们失去了不少东西。
为什么在欧洲启蒙运动之后会出现“浪漫派”的思潮？实际上，这种浪漫主义式的怀旧正是现代人对自己在现代化进程失去的东西，尤其是田园诗般的生活环境和充满温情的人际关系的腼怀和追忆。
正是在这种腼怀和追忆中，生命的创伤得以抚平，精神的惆怅得以舒展。
③静安区作为上海市的中心城区，拥有自己丰富的、得天独厚的历史文化遗产。
珍惜、守护并努力发掘这份珍贵的遗产，正是“人文静安”建设的核心内容之一。
在我看来，这些历史文化遗产，至少包括以下内容：④闻名遐迩的静安寺自宋代得名以来，至今已有近800年的历史；位于美丽园附近的圆明讲堂建于1934年；位于陕西北路的基督教教堂――怀恩堂建于1940年。
从人文关怀的角度看，这些宗教场所的重要性自不待言。
⑤从外滩到静安寺的这段地方解放前被称为“十里洋场”，静安寺作为十里洋场的“终点”，也拥有旧上海最繁荣的商业街。
杨浦一模2012年度试卷
杨浦区2012学年度第一学期高三年级学业质量调研英语试卷2013. 1本试卷分为第I卷（第1-12页）和第II卷（第13页）两部分。
全卷共13页。
满分150分。
考试时间120分钟。
考生注意：1．答第I卷前，考生务必将条形码粘贴在答题纸的指定区域内。
2．第I卷（1-16小题，25---80小题）由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。
考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应，不能错位。
答案需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。
答案写在试卷上一律不给分。
第I卷中的第17-24小题,81-84小题和第II卷的试题，其答案用钢笔或水笔写在答题纸的规定区域内，如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上则无效。
第I卷（共105分）I.Listening Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a post office. B. On the campus.C. In a hotel.D. At the airport.2. A. Doctor and patient. B. Lawyer and client.C. Manager and customer.D. Passer and policeman.3. A. To book a ticket. B. To make complaints.C. To make an appointment.D. To consult a dentist.4. A. She has trouble in getting along with the professor.B. She regrets taking up much of the professor’s time.C. She knows the professor has been busy recently.D. She doesn’t know the professor has run into trouble.5. A. One. B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.6. A. Everyone failed in the exam. B. Everyone passed the exam.C. Sixty students passed the exam.D. All the students got sixty.7. A. It was tiring. B. It cost more money.C. It saved time.D. It was acceptable.8. A. It’s inconvenient to go to work. B. The job was not well paid.C. He didn’t like to have meetings.D. The working hours were not suitable.9. A. $10. B. $13.C. $18.D. $19.10. A. He feels the professor should be merciful.B. He considers the punishment too severe.C. He thinks it right to punish those students.D. He thinks the students deserve sympathy.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. To charge battery. B. To take in empty bottles.C. To sell subway tickets.D. To exchange money.12. A. To donate it directly. B. To exchange it for a subway ticket.C. To withdraw the cash.D. To charge their credit cards.13. A. At bus stops. B. In schools.C. Outside the bank.D. In residential areas.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. 1200. B. 800,000.C. 15,000.D. 120,000.15. A. It is heavy with texts.B. It lacks visual materials.C. It has virtual tours and interactive maps.D. It provides details about price and requirements.16. A. Never trust any third-party website.B. Make contact with the school.C. Apply for a free campus visit.D. Try to be good enough.Section C Longer ConversationsDirections:In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Adam’s Tailor ShopItem: Cotton dustcoatStyle: The ____17____ designAlternation: 6 buttons in the front/two pockets only on the leftSpecial requirement: Not too _____18___Try-on day: Next ____19____ (Jan. 15th)Charge for tailoring: ____20____ yuanBlanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and vocabulary (25%)Section ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25.People who had lived _____ the horror and suffering of the war began to rebuild their nation.A. fromB. withC. byD. through26.The gangs were all dealing drugs, but Bob was _____ who got caught.A. someoneB. oneC. the oneD. anyone27. Life is a hospital _____ every patient is possessed by the desire to change his bed.A. thatB. whenC. whereD. whose28. Don’t spend time beating on a wall, _____ to change it into a door.A. hopeB. hopingC. hopedD. to hope29. A man can fail many times, but he isn't a failure _____ he begins to blame somebody else.A. even ifB. untilC. in caseD. once30. The tragedy calls for gun control measures _____ 26 people were killed in the school shootingin Newtown.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. why31. Mere words cannot match the depths of our sorrow, _____ our wounded hearts.A. nor they can healB. so they can healC. nor can they healD. so can they heal32. ______ you look into your heart that your vision will become clear.A. It is only whenB. Only whenC. When it is onlyD. Only when it is33. Don't let the sadness of your past and the fear of your future _____ the happiness of yourpresent.A. ruinB. to ruinC. ruiningD. ruined34. _____ the city's public school system should be open to the children of migrant workers hasbecome the focus of discussion.A. ThatB. WhatC. WhetherD. If35. -- Who _____ be phoning us at this time of night?-- It might be your sister.A. mightB. canC. dareD. must36. Always remember to get every bit of criticism _____ between two thick layers of praise.A. sandwichingB. being sandwichedC. having been sandwichedD. sandwiched37. _____ difficult explorations are, humans have never stopped moving forward.A. WhileB. DespiteC. AsD. However38. To avoid _____ off, you should be prepared to state how your contributions will benefit thecompany.A. layingB. to be laidC. being laidD. having been laid39. -- Do you bring the picture?-- Yes, I _____ it for a whole morning.A. looked forB. have looked forC. have been looking forD. had looked for40. My grandfather, _____ is often the case with old people, is fond of talking about good old days.A. whichB. suchC. asD. whatSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The most difficult part of a Western-Chinese marriage is the cultural differences. The traditional Chinese culture is established on the Confucian philosophy, while the western culture is based on ancient Greek __41__. Cultural differences exist in almost every aspect and therefore __42__ also on relationships and marriage.From the traditional Chinese point of view, marriage is a relationship __43__ many aspects such as family, friends and relatives, while from the Western point of view, marriage is a contract signed between two people that is based on trust and love. Furthermore, Westerners’marriages __44__ more the independence and __45__ of the couple.That is why Westerners sometimes cannot understand why we Chinese need to support our relatives if we are asked to do so. Chinese need to maintain their “face” and “relations”. Even in a relationship, we are somehow still __46__ to our family and relatives. Our partner has to understand it and at least does not __47__ it.It is not easy to maintain Chinese-Western relationship. Cultural differences may result in __48__. Young Asian ladies are fond of western men because they believe they are more gentlemanly and in addition their appearances are more attractive. Western men may think Chinese ladies are gentler and more feminine.My suggestion for the cross-culture relationship is always trying to put yourself in other’s shoes: accepting rather than changing; always respecting your partner but clarifying your own red lines; showing your interest in his/her different culture and carefully commenting on it and so on.There are more and more cross-culture marriages __49__ recently. I would like to take this chance to sincerely wish them the very best in their love journeys.III. Reading Comprehension (50%)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A new research suggests that animals have a much higher level of brainpower than once thought. If animals do have intelligence, how do scientists measure it? Before defining animals’ intelligence, scientists defined what is not intelligence. Instinct is not intelligence. It is a skill __50__ into an animal’s brain by its genetic heritage（基因遗传）. Tricks can be learned by repetition, but no real thinking is __51__. Cuing, in which animals learn to do or not to do certain things by following outside signals, does not demonstrate intelligence. Scientists believe that insight, the ability to use tools, and communication using human language are all __52__ measures of the mental ability of animals.When judging animal intelligence, scientists look for insight, which they define as a flash of sudden understanding. When a young gorilla（大猩猩）could not reach fruit from a tree, she noticed crates (木板箱) on the lawn near the tree. She __53__ the crates into a pyramid, then climbed on them to reach her __54__. The gorilla’s insight allowed her to solve a new problem without trial and error.The ability to use tools is also an important sign of intelligence. Crows（乌鸦）use sticks to pry （撬开）peanuts out of cracks. The crow __55__ intelligence by showing it has learned what a stick can do. __56__, otters（水獭）use rocks to crack open crab shells in order to get at the meat.Many animals have learned to communicate using human language. One chimp can recognize and correctly use more than 250 __57__ symbols on a keyboard. These symbols __58__ human words. An amazing parrot can __59__ five objects of two different types. He can understand the difference between the number, color, and kind of object. The ability to __60__ is a basic thinking skill. In addition, he seems to use language to express his needs and __61__. When ill and taken to the animal hospital for his fi rst overnight stay, this parrot turned to go. “Come here!” he cried to a scientist who works with him. “I love you. I’m sorry. Wanna go back?”The research on animal intelligence raises important questions. If animals are smarter than __62__ thought, would that change the way humans interact with them? Would animals still be used for food, clothing, or __63__ experimentation? Finding the answer to these tough questions makes a difficult __64__ even for a large-brained, problem-solving species like our own.50. A. developed B. admitted C. programmed D. injected51. A. inherited B. involved C. instructed D. intended52. A. realistic B. unusual C. accurate D. effective53. A. piled B. assembled C. supported D. divided54. A. potential B. reward C. standard D. top55. A. explores B. expands C. explains D. exhibits56. A. Likewise B. Therefore C. However D. Otherwise57. A. magical B. flexible C. abstract D. permanent58. A. substitute for B. stand for C. appeal to D. carry out59. A. foresee B. determine C. combine D. distinguish60. A. classify B. justify C. qualify D. simplify61. A. satisfaction B. emotions C. gratitude D. beliefs62. A. objectively B. professionally C. previously D. scientifically63. A. electrical B. physical C. medical D. logical64. A. decision B. translation C. choice D. puzzleSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Brigham Young University students can now receive the unconditional love of dogs without breaking rules prohibiting pets in university housing.Jenna Miller started her company Puppies for Rent this summer in the Provo area as a way for students and others to rent puppies by the hour.The pups have been rented for first dates and surprise parties and by mothers rewarding their children. After signing a contract, customers can rent them for $15 an hour, $25 for two hours and $10 for each additional hour.Miller offers her seven puppies for playtime rentals, with each dog hand delivered straight to the customers’ door. Her lawyer brother helps her with legal contracts and fees. She now has four employees helping look after and deliver the animal.Carl Arky, spokesman for the Humane Society of Utah said his group is against the business. Puppies need consistency and stability in their lives, he said, and renting them to various people might affect the animals' growth and development.Miller said the animals are treated well and she has a 100 percent success rate so far finding them a permanent home. Money paid by renters goes toward adoption fees if they decide to own a puppy.65. Which of the following are not possible renters of the p uppies?A. Young lovers.B. Party organizers.C. Mothers.D. Scientific group members.66. Miller’s brother’s main responsibility is to _____.A. draft contractsB. deliver animalsC. find adoption familiesD. walk dogs67. Why is Carl in disagreement with the service?A. Because playing with pets is harmful to children’s health.B. Because some people will be cruel to the rented animals.C. Because unstable living environment is not good for animal’s growth.D. Because it will prohibit the puppies from finding a permanent home.(B)TENANCY AGREEMENTDEFINITIONSTHE LANDLORD Mrs Gloria Black of 6 Sutton Road, Cambridge CB5 7AQTHE TENANT Marina KahnPROPERTY 24a Wood Road, Cambridge CB2 8BGTOGETHER WITH CONTENTS (fixtures, furniture and equipment) specified in the inventory (attached)TERM from 1 st January 20 ___ to 31 st December 20 ___ (12 months)RENT £500 per calendar month, payable in advance on the first day of each monthDEPOSIT £500, payable on commencement of this AgreementAGREEMENTSA The Landlord may re-enter the Property and terminate this Agreement if the Rent or any part ofit is not paid within fourteen days after it becomes due.B The Landlord may bring the tenancy to an end at any time before the expiry of the Term (butnot earlier than six months from the Commencement Date of this Contract) by giving the Tenant not less than tw o months’ written notice stating that the Landlord requires possession of the Property.C The Landlord shall put the deposit with the Deposit Protection Service, and shall inform theTenant within 14 days of taking the deposit of the contact details of this service and details of how to apply for the release of the deposit from this service.TENANT’S OBLIGATIONS1Pay the Rent into the Landlord’s bank account at the times specified.2Pay for all water, gas and electricity consumed on the Property during the Term; and pay in full for all charges made for the use of the telephone on the Property during the Term.3Keep the interior of the Property during the Term in a good and clean state of repair, condition and decoration.4Permit the Landlord to enter the Property at all reasonable times; to inspect the Property and its contents; and to carry out any works of maintenance or repair to the Property; to show prospective new Tenants around the Property at the end of the tenancy.5Not take in any paying guest without the prior written consent of the Landlord.6Not use the Property other than as a private dwelling; nor carry on any profession, trade or business in the Property.7Not use any musical instrument, wireless or television between midnight and 7 am, nor permit any singing or dancing between these hours.8Not keep in the Property any cat, dog or other pet without the prior written consent of the Landlord.68. What’s the monthly rent of the property?A. £500.B. £575.C. £1000.D.£1500.69. What’s the landlord’s witness?A. A teacher.B. A librarian.C. A house agent.D. A bank clerk.70. Which of the following is allowed in the property?A. Watching TV at any time.B. Holding an all-night dancing party.C. Changing it into a business office.D. Entertaining friends with self-cooked meals.71. Which of the following is the right of the landlord?A. He can show new tenants around the property at any time.B. He can enter the property to inspect its contents.C. He can take back his property whenever he wants.D. He can keep the deposit for himself.(C)Does solving a math problem give you a headache? Do you feel nervous when you sit a math exam? For most students, math can be tough but scientists have proved that math problems can actually trigger physical pain.Scientists came to this conclusion with an in-depth experiment, which was published in the Public Library of Science One journal. They began by finding out how much participants fear math. Those involved were asked a series of questions such as how they feel when they receive a math textbook or when they walk into a math lesson.Based on their answers, participants were divided into groups. One group was made up of people who were particularly afraid of math and participants in the other group were more comfortable with the subject.Both groups were then given either math tasks or word tasks. When a math task was going to come next, a yellow circle would appear but when a word task was soon to come, a blue square would be shown.Using a brain-scan machine, scientists noticed that whenever people from Group One saw a yellow circle, their brain would respond in a way similar to when their body is feeling pain. It was like the pain they would feel, for example, if they burnt their hand on a hot stove. But they reacted less strongly when they knew that they would be faced with a word task.However, scientists saw no strong brain response from people in the second group.Math can be difficult, and for those with high levels of mathematics-anxiety (HMA), math is associated with tension, apprehension and fear. “When you are really thinking about the math problems, your mind is racing and you are worrying about all the things that could go wrong,”explained Ian Lyons from University of Chicago, US, leader of the study. “The higher a person’sanxiety of a maths task, the more he activated brain regions associated with threat detection, and the experience of pain.”More interestingly, the brain activity disappeared when participants actually started dealing with the math tasks. “This means that it’s not that math itself hurts; rather, the anticipation of math is painful,” Lyons said.Based on the study, scientists suggested that things could be done to help students worry less and move past their fear of math, which might mean they perform better in tests.72. In the first stage, scientists ask participants some questions to _____.A. see whether math hurtsB. find out how much they fear mathC. observe how their brain responseD. test their endurance of pain73. The underlined word “the anticipation of math” is closest in meaning to _____.A. the attempt of learning mathB. the motivation to work out math problemC. the effort to understand mathD. the act of thinking about math74. Which is the best title for the passage?A. How to overcome math fear.B. Physical pain affects math performance.C. Math pain in your brain.D. Unknown truth about pain.75. What can be concluded from the experiment?A. The anticipation of math has no relation to students’ confidence in math.B. Moderate mathematic anxiety promotes students’ academic performance.C. Effective solutions have been worked out to lower students’ anxiety of math.D. Physical pain caused by HMA disappears in the process of doing math problem.Section CDirections:Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.Britain may be the most red-headed country in the world. About 1 to 2 percent of the world’s population has red hair, but in the UK the numbers are much higher, with 13 percent of Scots, 10 percent of the Irish, and 6 percent of people in England having red hair, according to the BBC.Scientists have tried to explain why some people have red hair for some time and now they may have found an answer: the dull weather in Britain. The human body needs vitamin D from sunshine, but unfortunately people living in Britain do not have enough of it because of its maritime climate. In fact, Britain gets even more cloud than countries in the far north of Europe. In Sweden, for example, the average daily hours of sunshine is 5.4. In Scotland it is only 3.1 hours.To deal with this, the DNA of people living in these areas has changed slightly; scientists call this a mutation. Originally, the coloring on our body is a mixture of two kinds of melanin – black melanin and red/yellow melanin, but with certain parts of DNA changed, the production of black melanin is suppressed while only red/yellow melanin is made. The result is red hair, light skin color, freckles and a greater sensitivity to sunlight.However, what’s more interesting is that the redhead DNA mutation is recessive, which means it is hidden and can often skip generations without showing. At least 1.6 million Scots carry a red-head gene mutation, and most are unaware that they do. This is why a person who does not have red hair can still produce red-haired children if he or she is a carrier of this special DNA.The research on red hair, like many areas of science, is contradictory. In 2002 researchers showed that redheads are more sensitive to pain, and need more anaesthetic during surgery than people with blonde or dark hair. However, in 2005 scientists found that a MCR1R mutation gives redheads a higher tolerance for pain. Research into these aspects of red hair genetics continues. Redheads should though be more careful about their exposure to sunlight as they are at an increased risk of contracting skin cancer. If you are a redhead, the advice is not to stay out of the sun, but to be careful about how much exposure you get, and to cover yourself with a high factor sunscreen.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Pizza Hut lovers, you can now smell just like your favorite food. Pizza Hut launches its own perfume that smells like a fresh pizza pie. This is not a joke – although it started as one! While it might seem like an unusual venture for the brand famous for pizza, the company’s perfume is already available as a limited edition product.According to the Globe and Mail, the project started out as a joke by Grip Limited, an advertising firm that works with Pizza Hut in Canada, who asked the chain’s Facebook fans to imagine the pleasant smell of a fresh-delivered pie as a perfume – and to name it. Fans responded tothe idea so enthusiastically that Grip Limited decided to take the joke a step further and make the perfume a reality.A month and a half later, to celebrate that Pizza Hut Canada had gotten 100,000 fans, the chain's community managers announced that the first 100 people to message them would actually get a bottle of Pizza Hut perfume. And sure enough, the bottles were shipped to those 100 lucky fans before Christmas.Grip Limited isn’t the only company to attract attention with odd aromas（芳香）. Four years ago, Burger King offered a $4 meat-scented body spray for men. Before that in 2006, Stilton created a perfume meant to mimic（模拟）the scent of blue cheese.Pizza Hut Canada has not announced any plans to make more of the perfume in the future. But the chain also said in the release that it’s possible the perfume could appear in stores in the future. (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)81. Some people consider the perfume a joke because they think Pizza Hut is a ______________.82. ___________________________ pushed Grip Limited to turn the joke into reality.83. Who are the lucky birds to get the perfume?______________________________________________.84. Why did Pizza Hut follow Burger King’s steps to release a perfume?______________________________________________.第II卷（共45分）I. Translation （20%）Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 任何人都会犯错，但只有傻瓜坚持他的错误。
2021-2022学年上海市杨浦区高三(上)期末语文试卷(一模)
2021-2022学年上海市杨浦区高三（上）期末语文试卷（一模）试题数：9.满分：1501.（填空题.5分）按要求填空。
（1）___ .自前世而固然。
（屈原《___ 》）（2）自天子以至于庶人.___ 。
（《大学之道》）（3）《赤壁赋》中的客以比喻的手法感慨自身渺小的句子是：___ .___ 。
2.（单选题.3分）将下列编号的语句依次填入语段空白处.语意连贯的一项是（）中国是学习的高手。
某种程度上._________。
技术水平并不决定经济的成功。
实际上._________.而不是相反。
_________.事实恰恰相反._________。
① 没有一个初创者是为了拥有新技术而选择创业② 技术创新是企业家驱动的经济发展的结果③ 创业的成功为开创新的技术应用场景提供了前提和可能④ 学习能力的快速积累确实揭示了中国经济成功的秘诀A. ④ ① ② ③B. ④ ② ① ③C. ② ③ ① ④D. ② ① ③ ④3.（单选题.2分）下面是某校校报记者为校艺术节文艺汇演草拟的简讯。
下列修改建议中.不恰当的一项是（）五月的鲜花开遍校园.甜美的笑容洋溢着青春的色彩。
今天下午.我校文化艺术节文艺汇演在大会堂隆重举行。
合唱《中国梦》、小品《中国人》、相声《我的青春我做主》、舞蹈《青春街舞》等节目轮番上场。
教师自编自演的三句半《同学.我要对你说》.在轻松诙谐的语言中流露出老师对我们的殷殷期望。
文艺汇演持续了两个小时.台下观众笑声不断.汇演反映出全校师生团结、向上的精神面貌.营造出活泼、和谐的校园氛围。
A.需要添加一个标题。
B.需要添加具体时间。
C.需要概括汇演特征。
D.需要描写节目细节。
4.（问答题.16分）阅读下文.完成各题。
什么是批评张定浩① 什么是批评？一种深入人心且广为流布的观点.认为批评就是“好处说好.坏处说坏”.据说来自鲁迅。
1978年的《社会科学战线》发表过王永生、戴翊合著的《“批评必须坏处说坏.好处说好”——学习鲁迅关于文艺批评的论述与实践札记》一文.或许是这种“鲁迅批评观”的滥觞。
【区级联考】上海市杨浦区2023年届高三一模语文试题
2023 年上海杨浦区高三一模语文试卷积存运用1.依据提示填空。
（1），清辉玉臂寒。
〔杜甫《月夜》〕（2）蒹葭萋萋，。
〔《诗经··蒹葭》〕（3）北宋诗人黄庭坚长于用典故，在《登快阁》中使用伯牙、子期、阮籍典故的诗句是，。
【答案】(1). 香雾云鬟湿(2). 白露未晞(3). 秦风(4). 朱弦已为佳人绝(5). 青眼聊因美酒横【解析】【详解】试题分析：此题考察名句名篇默写力量和识记文学常识的力量，承受的是上下句填空式默写和情景式默写相结合的题型，解答时既要留意所给句子的出处及作者，还要留意题干中给出的上句或下句，仔细回忆自己背诵的相关内容，准确书写出答案。
此题还要留意以下字的正确写法：雾、鬟、晞、弦、聊、横。
【点睛】此题考察“名篇名句”的默写力量。
从历年高考题来看，名篇名句考察的内容根本上诗词文兼顾，立足课内，也涉及少量课外名句。
从考察的倾始终看，主要是富有教育意义和警策作用的哲理句。
所考的名句，有肯定的迷惑性，因此提倡考生备考中首先要在理解的根底上记忆，然后要立足于“写”，避开会背不会写的状况。
2.按要求选择。
（1）小强在学习上得过且过，你认为哪句话送给他最适宜？A．闻道有先后，术业有专攻。
B．君子生非异也，善假于物也。
C．士不行以不弘毅，任重而道远。
D．博学之，审问之，慎思之，明辨之，笃行之。
（2）填入以下横线上的语句，最恰当的一组是人类对记忆的关注和重视由来已久。
早在公元前5 世纪，古希腊诗人埃斯库罗斯就曾强调记忆乃才智之母，柏拉图甚至认为“世界上的一切学问都只不过是记忆而已”。
然而，从来都没有自然而然的记忆，总是一种有意识的实践，但是却存在自然而然的遗忘，我们努力记忆就是为了“抵抗”遗忘，所以，。
遗忘本质上就是记忆，只不过是不在场的记忆，即没有进入我们当前生活，处于埋伏的状态，所以遗忘并不是一味的“恶”，在肯定的时间肯定的语境中，。
A．了解记忆就不能不理解遗忘遗忘也自有其乐观的价值B．人类总是在奋力的抗拒遗忘记忆也可能带着“恶”存在于我们的脑海中C．记忆和遗忘就是天使和恶魔的化身遗忘能让苦痛的记忆埋伏起来D．记忆与遗忘是一对双胞胎记忆也可能转化为埋伏状态的遗忘【答案】〔1〕D〔2〕A【解析】【详解】〔1〕试题分析：此题问的是“小强在学习上得过且过，你认为哪句话送给他最适宜”，考察语言表达准确得体的力量，这类题目解答时要依据语境，看准对象，留意适应场合，把握语体，认真推断。
2012届上海市松江区高三上学期期末考试语文试卷
……于是项伯复夜去，至军中，具以沛公言报项王，因言曰：“沛公不先破关中，公岂敢入乎？今人有大功而击之，不义也。不如因 善遇之。”项王许诺。
沛公旦日从百余骑来见项王，至鸿门，谢曰：“臣与将军戮力而攻秦，将军战河北，臣战河南，然不自意能先入关破秦，得复见将军 于此。今者有小人之言，令将军与臣有郤……”项王曰：“此沛公左司马曹无伤言之。不然，籍何以至此?”项王即日因留沛公与饮。……
难度：0.94 组卷：310 题型：句子默写 更新：2017/3/3来自相似题 纠错 收藏 详情
阅读下面的诗歌，完成小题。 饮酒（其四） 陶渊明
栖栖失群鸟，日暮犹独飞。徘徊无定止，夜夜声转悲。厉响思清远，去来何依依。 因值孤生松，敛翮①遥来归。劲风无荣木，此荫独不衰。托身已得所，千载不相违。 （注）①翮：鸟的翅膀。 14 . 陶渊明， （朝代）著名诗人，世称靖节先生。 15 . 对诗歌理解和分析不准确的一项是（ ） A．叠词“栖栖”“夜夜”“依依”写出离群之鸟日夜无所归依的恓惶。 B．前六句写鸟的失意与后六句写鸟遇到松树的境况构成鲜明的对照。 C．“值”通“植”，写诗人心生怜悯，手植松树让离群之鸟来此栖息。 D．离群之鸟将临风不凋的松树作为托身之地，愿与之相守，不再分离。 16 . 《归去来兮辞》中有写“鸟”和“松”的句子：“云无心以出岫，鸟倦飞而知返。景翳翳以将入，抚孤松而盘桓。”试分析其在写法上与本 诗的主要区别。
2012-2013学年杨浦区初三语文一模卷
杨浦区2012年度第一学期初三期末质量调研语文试卷（满分150分,考试时间100分钟）2013年1月第一部分阅读（90分）一、文言文阅读（共42分）(一)默写（18分）1.五十弦翻塞外声，________________。
(《破阵子》)2.当年万里觅封侯，________________。
(《诉衷情》)3.孤村落日残霞，________________。
(《天净沙·秋》)4._____________，铁马冰河入梦来。
(《十一月四日风雨大作》)5._______________________，甚恐。
(《黔之驴》)6.复行数十步，_________________。
(《桃花源记》)（二）阅读下面的诗，完成第7—8题（4分）蝶恋花柳永伫倚危楼风细细，望极春愁，黯黯生天际。
草色烟光残照里，无言谁会凭阑意？拟把疏狂图一醉，对酒当歌，强乐还无味。
衣带渐宽终不悔，为伊消得人憔悴。
7.这首词巧妙地将_____________的落魄感受，同__________的绵绵情思融为一体。
（2分）8.下面对这首词的理解正确的一项是（）（2分）A.“伫倚危楼风细细”暗示抒情主人公甘愿立足险境，长久凭栏，体现其怀想之深。
B.“草色烟光残照里”描绘了一幅优美、诗意的黄昏春望图。
C.“衣带渐宽”二句，揭示词人对待“春愁”的果决态度，道破春愁难遣的真正原因。
D.这是一首表达词人伤春惜春情感的词作。
（三）阅读下文，完成第9—11题（8分）黄生借书说袁枚①黄生允修借书。
随园主人授以书而告之曰：②书非借不能读也。
子不闻藏书者乎？七略四库，天子之书，然天子读书者有几？汗牛塞屋，富贵家之书，然富贵人读书者有几？其他祖父积、子孙弃者无论焉。
非独书为然，天下物皆然。
非夫人之物而强假焉，必虑人逼取，而惴惴焉摩玩之不已，曰：‘今日存，明日去，吾不得而见之矣。
’若业为吾所有，必高束焉，庋藏焉，曰‘姑俟异日观’云尔。
”③余幼好书，家贫难致。
2012青浦区一模语文试卷(附解答)
青浦区2012届第一学期高三年级期末考试语文试卷（满分150分，完卷时间150分钟）2012.1（考试时间：150分钟满分：150分）(注：答案请写在答题纸上，否则不予评分)一、阅读（80分）（一）阅读下文，完成1-6题。
（18分）有数，就有美（有删改）翟墨（一）⑴“天生之物，无一无偶，无一齐者。
”(刘大槐《论文偶记》)世界上一切事物都是矛盾的统一体，这统一物的矛盾，常常体现为“二”、“四”、“六”、“八”之偶。
⑵这“偶”，有时表现为中轴线两边的均衡对称。
如合欢树的叶，蝴蝶的翅，人的耳目手足。
鼻口虽为一，但仍然有左右鼻孔与上下唇齿之分。
这“偶”，有时象征着相反相成的衬托或对比：有无相生，难易相成，长短相较，高下相倾，音声相会，前后相随。
”《老子》)⑶“无独有偶”的观念几乎贯穿在各种艺术创造之中。
北京紫禁城的建筑是以天安门--地安门为中轴左右对称的；中国古典小说章法中有正对，反对，有一卷中自为对，隔数十卷遥为对。
中国的对联、诗词更讲究对仗，如有这么一副对联：“冻雨洒窗，东两点西三点；切瓜分客，上七刀下八刀。
”既对仗工整而又拆字为数，其构思之妙令人叹为观止!⑷这“偶”只是相对的，并非绝对平均的“一刀切”。
薛雪《一瓢诗话》曰：“诗家最忌雷同，而大本领人偏多于雷同处见长。
……惟其篇篇对峙，段段双峰，却又不异而异，同而不同，才是大本领，真超脱。
”⑸这“偶”推演到极致，便是中国宇宙观、美学观的高度概括：太极图与八卦。
⑹《易·系辞》上：“易有太极，是生两仪。
两仪生四象，四象生八卦。
”太极图的阴阳“鱼”，八卦的阴阳“爻”，都是以“阴阳”这一基本范畴派生出种种对立因素的复杂交织与运动变化，成为中国艺术美学原理的认识基础。
⑺在“偶”中，有一个不对称的偏正平衡。
它构成一个最美的比率，那就是黄金比—1：0．618。
实验证明，这个比率正同人在最愉快时的“信塔”胸电波高频与低频的比率相吻合。
更有趣的是，葵花籽的巧妙排列，牵牛花藤的缠绕生长，自然界中许多美的生长曲线，都酷似数学上的对数螺旋线。
2022年-有答案-上海市杨浦区高三(上)期末语文试卷(一模)
2022学年上海市杨浦区高三（上）期末语文试卷（一模）一、按要求填空。
（5分）1. 按要求填空。
（1）________，此心吾与白鸥盟。
（黄庭坚《登快阁》）（2）淮左名都，竹西佳处，________。
（________《扬州慢》）（3）荀子《劝学》中的“________，________”表明了他对“学”与“思”关系的思考。
二、按要求选择。
（5分）杜老师善用古诗句评价学生的作文。
一位学生的习作堆砌材料、事例冗长，杜老师的评语选用哪一句最合适？（）A.室雅何需大，花香不在多。
B.龙文百斛鼎，笔力可独扛。
C.玉经雕琢方成器，字要丰腴句要安。
D.一语天然万古新，豪华落尽见真淳。
将下列编号的语句依次填入语段空白处，语意连贯的一项是（）宇宙间万事万物乃是一个无限联系的网络整体，___________，___________。
因此，___________，___________。
①我们称这种情况为“万有一体相通”现象②这就表明我们对当前的有限事物有了整体的认识和把握③科学如果能把未显现的无限事物与已显现的有限事物综合为一个整体④任何一个当前显现出来的感性事物，都以其背后隐藏的其他事物为来源A.①②③④B.③①④②C.④②③①D.④①③②三、阅读。
阅读下文，完成下列各题。
人工智能文学应有怎样的写作伦理？宋时磊①在人工智能时代，小说创作者、读者和批评者或将彻底改变。
能够建立崭新文学艺术形式的，不再仅仅是人类，而是能够从事文学创作的机器人，或者是人机合一的创作体。
2016年日本古屋大学研发的机器人所创作的小说《机器人写小说的那一天》参加“新星一奖”比赛，能够通过初审；2018年作家陈楸帆刊登在《小说界》的作品《出神状态》，有两段是人工智能模仿其写作风格的成果。
这标志着人工智能已经进入最为复杂的小说创作领域。
在文学发展史上，人文主义、人本主义的下一阶段，或将会是人机主义、人工智能本位主义的新时代。
②我们想问的是人机主义、人工智能本位主义时代降临之时，人类文学是否存在？从人工智能最先引起震荡的围棋界观之，谷歌公布“阿尔法狗”源代码后，出现了强悍的围棋人工智能，人类顶尖的围棋高手在人工智能面前毫无还手之力。
上海市杨浦区2024届高三高考一模语文试卷(解析版)
上海市杨浦区2024届高三高考一模语文试卷一积累运用（10分）1.按要求填空。
（5分）（1）一日克己复礼，。
（《论语·颜渊》）（2）。
有三秋桂子，十里荷花。
（柳永《》）（3）李密在《陈情表》中运用含有比喻的句子“，”，表达了他要对祖母尽孝，终其天年的愿望。
2. 按要求选择。
（5分）（1）将下列编号的语句依次填入语段空白处，语意连贯的一项是（）。
(2 分）这是一个看脸的时代。
乘坐飞机、高铁需要刷脸，观看演出、赛事需要刷脸，办理各种业务需要刷脸。
，，，。
随着数字化和人工智能技术的应用场景不断拓展，我们应当警惕技术“失范”。
①这是人脸识别技术的底层逻辑②对自然人进行身份识别③以人工智能化数据比对④可以说我刷脸，故我在⑤将人脸图像信息数字化A.①④⑤③②B.①③⑤②④C.④②①⑤③D.④⑤③②①（2）以下是某社区卫生服务中心的活动通知，为吸引社区居民参加，需要修改，请在横线上提出一条修改建议，并写出提出该条建议的原因。
（3 分）活动通知居民朋友们：我社区卫生服务中心将举办“糖尿病知识讲座”活动，欢迎大家参加！活动时间：2023年12月30日上午9:00-11:00活动地点：区卫生服务中心1号楼报告厅活动人员：本社区居民活动要求：准时入场，不要喧哗，手机静音，提问有序。
某社区卫生服务中心2023年11月30日修改建议：提出建议的原因：二阅读（70分）（一）阅读下文，完成第3—7题。
（15分）（一）①人工智能生成的内容是否应被认定为作品，是应当深入研究的问题。
从目前有关人工智能的各种报道和描述来看，至少在现阶段，人工智能生成的内容与为形成作品所需的智力创作存在本质区别。
以修图软件为例，它可利用“深度神经网络”的人工智能，将照片或图片处理成印象派等各种绘画风格。
如仅从结果来看，多数人都会以为是画家绘制而成。
然而，该项人工智能对照片或图片的处理，与绘画者根据照片或图片创作同样风格画作的行为相去甚远。
②绘画者即使熟知印象派的画风，也了解将普通照片或图片绘制成印象派画作应当遵循的一般方法，绘制过程还是为绘画者留下了发挥空间。
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上海市杨浦区2012届高三第一学期期末考试语文试卷 (答案做在答题卡上) (满分150分，时间150分钟) 2011年12月 一 阅读(80分)
(一)阅读下文，完成1-6题。(16分) (1)我们知道，人的情绪、心理、性格极易受到周围世界的影响。
(2)那么，清旷灵秀的江南山水又对人的文化心理产生着怎样的影响呢? (3)学者常常引用孟德斯鸠的观点来阐述气候对人的精神气质的影响。孟德斯鸠认为：“人们在寒冷气候下，便有较充沛的精力”，“有较强的自信，也就是说，有较大的勇气。”相反，如果把一个人放在闷热的地方，由于上述原因，他便会感到心神萎靡，缺乏勇气。孟德斯鸠的观点虽然有绝对化的倾向，但其独特的视角却给人以启发。我们可以这样认为：在一般的情况下，寒冷的气候使人勇敢、豪爽，炎热的气候使人敏感、消沉，而长期在湿润的气候条件下生活的人们，则具有和谐、平衡、机敏、细腻的心理特征。江南文化在其发展过程中，虽然经历着千门万户的变换，但基本的心理图景却由其地理环境所规定。 (4)再就地形地貌的影响来看，黑格尔曾以地形地貌为依据将地理环境分成三种类型，即高原、平原和海岸区域。在黑格尔看来，三种不同的地理环境分别形成了牧业、农业和商业等不同的文化形态。我们在讨论江南文化结构中的精神层——亦即江南文化精神的时候，同样可以通过比较江南江北地形地貌的差异来进行阐述。 (5)不同的自然风貌会影响到人的审美心理。我们知道，就普遍的情况来看，北方多崇山峻岭和高原，植被和色彩都显得相对单调。但另一方面，这单调却又是严峻、崇高和阔大的，生活在那里的人们，目光所及，是巨大而高远的世界，所以，生活在北方的人其心胸也就随之扩展，喜好刚毅雄强、粗犷豪迈的美感类型；而江南则有丰饶的物产、秀美的山川，其植被繁密而多彩，景观变化细微而多端。生活在这里的人们，长期感受着的是温山软水、莺飞草长，是一川烟草、满城风絮，因此，其文化心理极易被导向精细和柔婉，沈谦评辛弃疾词云：“稼轩词以激扬奋励为工，至‘宝钗分·桃叶渡’一曲，呢狎温柔，魂销意尽，才人伎俩，真不可测。”正指出了凄迷温婉的江南对人的心理与性格的柔化。 (6)除了地理环境以外，在其基础上形成的有着区域特点的生产和生活方式对人的文化心理也产生着极大的影响。而最能代表江南地区生产和生活方式的，一是稻作，二是舟船。 (7)“霜落吴江，万畦香稻来场圃”、“十里西畴熟稻香，槿花篱落竹丝长”所描绘的就是金秋时节江南地区处处稻谷飘香的美景。((淮南子·坠形训》这样认为： “汾水浊宜麻，济水和宜麦，河水调宜菽，洛水轻利宜禾，渭水多力宜黍，江水肥宜稻。”这些都指出了江南是比较适合生长水稻的地区。但在这样的生产方式下形成的是什么样的文化心理呢? (8)正如黑格尔所认为的那样，以航海为生产方式的海岸民族，就容易培育起敢于冒险的精神和机智沉着的品格；草原的游牧民族，在长期的迁徙不定和马上生涯中，比较容易形成自由奔放、粗犷彪悍的性格。而处于农耕社会的民族，需要的则是对“秩序”的认可与遵从，滋养出的是稳定、平和。当然就整个中国古代社会而言，其主要的社会形态是农耕社 会， ，在大的民族性上——不管是江南还是江北，都有着一定的共通性。 我 们以为，江南地区的稻作方式使得民族性的某些方面凸显得更为明显，而在一定程度上表现 为文化的区域特性。因为水稻的生长相对较为缓慢，生产技术要求更为精细，而且水稻的生 产过程是按部就班的，不可急于求成，只能听其自然，耐心等待。对水稻生长每一环节的关 注很容易培养出一种把握“渐变”的能力，而这种对“渐变”的把握培育起来的是稳定、平 和的文化心理。 (9)而至于舟船，无论是出门代步，还是捕捞运输，对于生活在水乡泽国的人们，其意义都不言而喻。我们知道，骑马坐车与驾船荡舟的感觉差异是明显的，即便同样是驾船，荡舟于山水平远的江南水网与航行于激烈动荡的大海，培育出的也是完全不同的文化性格。在大海中航行，需要冒险的精神和沉着机智的品格，激发的是人的扩张的野心和征服世界的欲望；相反，当我们轻轻摇荡于逶迤绿水、微动涟漪之际，我们的内心就不会是充满扩张与征服的想法，有的只是被细腻、柔软、温顺的水波轻抚而变得舒展、自在的心灵。 (10)当然，我们在讨论江南文化精神形成的原因时，要注意反对地理环境绝对论的倾向。 (11)江南的地理环境对江南文化精神有着先天制约性，它独特的地理背景决定了江南文化在一些基本方面都区别于其他区域。在地理基础上形成的江南文化的原初本态构成了区域文化的核心内容。 (12)江南文化精神又不完全受制于地理环境。江南文化精神并不是在一个封闭的系统中自我生长起来的。正如人的成长一样，其出生时所带有的先天种族、民族的遗传基因固然会决定着他的体格、甚至是性格，但真正影响他情感、心理和性格的是他后天的成长环境。显而易见的是，从远古以至现代，江南的地理环境并没有太大的变化，但其文化特征却有着不同。因此，只有结合对江南文化精神的历史整合过程的探讨，我们才有可能对其内涵和实质有一比较科学而全面的认识。
1．联系上下文，填入第8段空格处恰当的一项是( )(2分) A.如果 那么 B.因为 所以 C.之所以 是因为 D.因此 只不过 2.文章从 和 两方面来说明江南文化精神产生的主要缘由。(3分) 3．稻作生产和舟船使用分别产生 和 文化心理。(2分) 4.下面选项对文章内容理解和判断不正确的一项是：( )(3分) A．航海、游牧和农耕文化之间没有优劣之分。 B．写农耕文化是为了凸显航海和游牧文明的自由开放和力量。 c．环境等因素对人的文化心理产生影响是就一般情况而言的。 D．文章在对事物特征及形成原因进行说明分析时具有一定的客观性。 5.第5和第7段中有诗句和文学评论的引用，其目的是为了增加文章的文学性。你是否赞同上述说法?说明理由。(3分)
6．从全文看，文章最后一段的作用是 。(3分)
（二)阅读下文，完成第7—12题。(22分) 古渡
(1)这个古渡，已经不知道有多少年头了。在我曾经过往的日子里，它总是充满生机和喧哗，如同古渡的流水一样。 (2)那些日子，这条河上没有一座桥，靠一只木船来回渡河，终年无绝。古渡脚下的卵石，总是被那些肩头沉沉负重的农家人的草鞋磨得光亮。当船还未过来时，他们就坐在卵石上，抽着旱烟，聊着桑麻，或者说些七荤八素的话题，激起阵阵笑声。古渡是这些劳作者短暂的栖泊处，在这里他们可以坦然地放下重负，等待着对岸木船犁开涟漪，桨声矣欠乃缓缓而来。撑船的壮实汉子无疑是最有人缘的，候船的人远远叫着他的小名，催他撑得快些。尤其是赶墟那天，大姑娘小媳妇多，满满地坐上一船，红红绿绿，总会让他心绪舒畅，撑得又快又稳，赢得阵阵惊叹和好评。这个时候，会让人感到生活的平和和灿烂，所有的劳累和苦涩，都似流水一般远去了。可是，有几次洪峰下来的时候，浊浪滚滚漫过堤坝，河面上漂浮着枯枝败叶，打着旋儿推搡向前，这时的古渡和渡船就难免出现惊险、慌乱的情景，尤其是暮归十分。古渡苍老，河水悠悠，连同这纯朴的生活悄悄流逝。 (3)后来我离开了这里，由这条脱去油漆露出本色的木船送我到下游的一个渡口，不远处有一条公路，每日有车经过。 (4)许多年以后途经这里，古渡犹在，人迹杳无，往日那些声响都已沉入岁月深处。肆无忌惮的葛藤遮盖了光滑的卵石，离这不远有一座彩虹般的水泥桥飞架。涨水时节，反倒有不少闲人站在桥上，看着洪波涌起惊涛折案。那指指点点的从容神情，全然是欣赏的样子。最后的一只渡船，静静地泊在那里，船底已浸满了水，有一只长嘴巴的翠鸟立在船头，纹丝不动。一切都表明，一茬一茬的船工，结束了撑船岁月，已渐渐老去。 (5)那一页的生活，已被翻了过去。 (6)有多少像这样的生活场景封存在我们的记忆仓库里。一旦遇到时机，一抹颜色、一缕气味，都会使这些久远的记忆鲜明而又生动的。古渡对于宽敞平坦的长桥来说，除了新旧之别和材料迥异以外，承载了不同的生存观念、生活理想。生活在日日向前，是以告别过去的方式、情调、趣味作为标志的。有许多过去极为普通的日用品，已经成为民俗博物馆的藏品。人们要使怀旧有个引子，只好到这些地方去。可是，对于没有以往那些生活经历的人而言，这些东西并没有什么精神价值，只是物质属性，看也罢，不看也罢，没有什么两样。有人曾说过，常常想起过去就意味着心态老了，不过，要感到有味的还真不能脱离怀旧呢! (7)过去的一切在我的心目中是很带有朴化韵味的。时代的进展，使我们所见到的都变得比以前漂亮和精细。残垣断壁的古宅换成了高楼大厦，长衫对襟也剪裁成了时髦短装，再如家居用具，葫芦瓢、蓑衣、木桶，无不换成了铝合金或塑料制品。变化最多的当属人的形相、人的神情。前不久我特地坐下来，再看一遍黑白影片《鸡毛信》。我并不注重海娃送信的艰辛过程，而是沉浸在那土得掉渣的陕北背景里——那满是沟壑的黄土高坡、愣头愣脑的群羊，还有黑不溜秋的老棉袄。那时节，人的举止、表情，都是那么的朴素实在，拙得有味，土得深厚。这些情景，总是让人想起真实无华的泥土，没有一丁点儿文饰。后来，我又看了几部重拍片，黑白换成了彩色，演员队伍也换了另一拨，主要角色漂亮多了，动作也表演似的，眉宇间巧多于拙，那种能表现苦难、风霜的背景如风飘散。在我看来，拍出一些没有时代特征的片子来，让人眼睛看着，情感却无从附着。 （8）向前的生活，必定以向前的状态展开，使人面向电脑，面向新奇繁杂的信息。可是，闲散下来，还是会感到传统的人格心理在变与不变、新与旧之间，有回味不变和陈旧的成分。那历史的神髓、底蕴亦如天地苍冥中来去的飞鸿，究竟难以付之提挈和把捉了，只是常常泛起，成为一种最亲近和深沉的感怀。即便是很寻常的乡间古渡，也概莫能外。 7.请对第4段中“有一只长嘴巴的翠鸟立在船头，纹丝不动”一句加以赏析。（3分）
8.第5段“那一页的生活，已被翻了过去”独成一段，其作用是 （3分） 9.第2段、第4段在写到洪峰来临，人们表现的态度时运用了对比的手法，说出其中作者所包含的情感。（3分）
10．对上文内容理解不正确的两项是（ ）（ ）（6分） A．第2段通过乡人渡河的众多细节，反映了他们快乐、纯朴却原始落后的生活方式。