(寒假总动员)2020年高三英语寒假作业 专题09 定语从句(学)

（寒假总动员）2020年高三英语寒假作业 专题09 定语从句（学） 定语从句

定语从句是学生学习的难点，同时又是高考考查的热点。纵观近年各地高考试题，就能发现考点大多集中在带有"插入语"的定语从句；which 、as 引导的非限定性定语从句； where 、 when 引导的定语从句以及定语从句和强调句、同位语从句的区别等方面。对定语从句的考查不单纯考查其语法结构，而是把它融入到一定的语境中，考查考生的实际综合运用能力。

【重点知识整合】

在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系代词或关系副词，关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as ，关系副词有when, where, why 。

一、关系词的基本用法 who 指人，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语

whom 指人，在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语 that 指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语

which 指物，在从句中作主语或宾语

as 指人、物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语

when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语 where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语 why 指原因，在从句中作原因状语

（1）The man (whom /who/that) my mother saw in the street is my teacher.

（2）The book which/ that tells us about the earth is interesting.

（3）She lives in a house whose windows faces south.

（4）Do you know the boy whose father is an English teacher?

（5）I have never heard such stories as he tells.

关系

代词

关

系副

词

（6）I’ll never forget the day when /on which I joined the army.

（7）I won’t forget the factory where / in which my father worked.

（8）Tell me the reason why you came late.

二、必须用“that”引导的定语从句

1、当先行词是不定代词all，little, few, much, anything , everything, none, nothing, no one, some等时。

He did everything that he could to help us.

2、先行词被all, every, no , some, any , little, much, the only, the very, the right, last , few , just 等修饰时。

The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.

3、先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时。

This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.

4、当先行时前有such 或the same修饰时，先行词和关系代词指同一物时。

She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday.

5、先行词既有人又有物时，

Later they talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.

6、当主句是以who或which开始时的特殊疑问句时，

Who is the boy that won the gold medal?

7、在同一个句子里，若有两个定语从句，其中一个关系词已用了which，另一个宜用that.

Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.

8、当关系代词在从句中作表语时。（只限于限制性定语从句中）

China is no longer the country that it used to be.

9、当先行词是集体名词时，多用that，

He wants to join the team that won the game.

10、that在有些句型中可作为关系副词，且可省略。

I do n’t like the way (that) he talks to me.

三、只用which不用that时情况

1、引导非限制性定语从句时：Bruce went toward the fire, which was still smoking.

2、先行词在从句中作介词的宾语且介词前置。

This is the house in which Lu Xun lived.

3、先行词本身是that时：What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?

4、先行词后有插入语时，

Here is the English grammar book which, as I’ve told you, will help impro ve your English.

5、which 用作表语，指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有某种特性、品质或才能的人。

He is an engineer, which I am not。

关系代as：在限制性定语从句中用在such, the same, as, so之后，as引导的定语从句常采用省略形式。

I have the same book as you（have）. Take as many as you want. Here is so big a stone as no man can lift. This is such a book as was given to me.

四、关系代词的省略情况

1、关系代在从句中作宾语时。

Have you received the book (that) I sent you last week?

2、关系代词在从句中作表语时。

Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be.

3、关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而这个介词又在句末时。

This is the artist (whom) I spoke to you about.

注意：关系代词的省略是指在限制性定语从句中，在非限制性定语从句中，关系代