A Faithful Mirror to the American Society -On the Multiple Metaphors of the Automobile in The Gr
美国文化试题基础题
Culture Knowledge Contest（American Culture）August31, 2014Part I Single-Choice QuestionsDirections: Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] are given. Choose the one that you think best pletes the statement or answers the question.1. The strong American belief in individualism can be divided into idealism and ____________.[A ]realism [B]protestantism[C]materialism [D]volunteerism3. “Priesthood of all believers” means ____________.[A]every priest must be a devoted believer[B]every believer should confess to God through the priest[C]every believer is his or her own priest[D]every priest should be responsible for the believers4. Which of the following statements about American education is TRUE?[A]The majority of the private schools are associated with particular churches.[B]Religious schools that serve middle-class students receive money from the national government.[C]After twelve years of school, American students receive a bachelor’s degree diploma at graduation.[D]American schools attach the greatest importance to developing students’ academic skills.5. Which of the following statements about American Frontier is TRUE?[A]The frontier experience began in about 1890 and is still continuing in the American West today.[B]There are two types of heroic rugged individualists: man against wilderness and man against man.[C]The settling of the frontier did little to affect the lives of the American Indians.[D]The can-do spirit came from the willingness of the pioneers to work together on a cooperative project for the good of all.6. Most American people strongly believe in individual freedom, and therefore they do NOT like ____________.[A]being self-reliant [B]making a lot of money[C]a big government[D]religious freedom7. The American saying “Say what you mean and mean what you say”reflects that American people value ____________.[A]petition [B]optimism[C]performances [D]assertiveness8. American culture is also a culture of its own and above everything else____________ is most important.[A]diversity [B]individuality[C]nationality [D]unity9. One of the most important values associated with American Protestantism is the value of ____________.[A]self-improvement [B]equality of opportunity[C]optimism [D]rugged individualism11. The strong American belief in individualism has strengthened American’s ____________ and hard work.[A]inventiveness [B]promptness[C]frankness [D]assertiveness12. In the U.S., the president can ____________ a bill from Congress, but the bill can still bee law if at least ____________ of the members in each house vote for it when it is voted on again.[A]void, 1/3 [B]void, 2/3 [C]veto, 1/3 [D]veto, 2/313. Scholars who see the United States as a “salad bowl” emphasize____________.[A]the great extent of racial and ethnic assimilation[B]the distinct differences between racial and ethnic groups[C]the rapid growth of population[D]the great diversity in religious beliefs14. In American society, the “boomerang kids” refers to ____________.[A]the children living with the single parent[B]the children born in 1950s[C]the children returning home after graduation from college[D]the children living separately from their parents16. The presidential election in the United States is held every ____________ years.[A]2[B]4[C]6 [D]817. ____________ was American’s first president.[A]George Washington[B]Thomas Jefferson[C]James Madison [D]Andrew Jackson18.The Cold War was the continuing state of conflict, tension and petition that existed after World War II. On the one side were the ____________ and its satellites, and on the other were the powers of the Western world under the leadership of the United States.[A]Germany[B]Cuba[C]the Soviet Union[D]Britain19. Child education in the United States is pulsory. The ages for pulsory education vary by state beginning at ages ____________ and ending at the ages of fourteen to eighteen.[A]four to five[B]five to six[C]six to eight [D]five to eight20. According to the US Constitution, Congress’s essential function is to ____________.[A]declare laws[B]pass laws[C]make laws[D]execute laws21. The Senate is the upper chamber of Congress. It consists of 100 members, with ____________senators elected from each state, regardless of the size of the state’s population..[A]one[B]two[C]three [D]four22. The history of the English language is divided into three periods. The period from 1150 to 1500 is known as the ____________.[A]Old English period [B]Anglo-Saxon period[C]Middle English period[D]Modern English period23. The first permanent English settlement in North America was____________.[A]Philadelphia[B]Plymouth[C]Jamestown[D]Boston24. ____________ is the symbol of the American Democratic Party.[A]The donkey [B]The bull[C]The bald eagle [D]The elephant25. Who is the only American president to have served more than two terms?[A]Bill Clinton [B]George Washington[C]Franklin D. Roosevelt[D]Abraham Lincoln27.____________ are the two major political parties in the United States.[A]The Labor Party and the Independence Party[B]The Independence Party and the Republican Party[C]The Republican Partyand the Labor Party[D]The Democratic Party and the Republican Party28. The upper chamber of the American Congress is called ____________.[A]the House of mons [B]the Parliament[C]the House of Representatives [D]the Senate31. ____________a popular tourist destination in Hollywood. It prises more than 2,500 five-pointed stars which bear the names of a mix of actors, musicians, directors, producers, musical and theatrical groups, fictional characters, and others.[A] Hollywood Walk of Fame [B] Hollywood Boulevard[C] Universal Studios [D] Disneyland32.“A man is not made for defeat … A man can be destroyed but not defeated.” From which novel is this passage taken?[A] In Our Time [B] A Farewell to Arms[C]The Old Man and the Sea[D] For Whom the Bell Tolls33. The national anthem of the United States is____________.[A]The Battle Hymn of the Republic[B] God Save the Queen[C]The Star-Spangled Banner[D] American Soldier34. ____________was a singer, songwriter, actor, dancer, businessman, and philanthropist. He was called the King of Pop. He popularized a number of plicated dance techniques, such as the robot and the moonwalk.[A] Michael Joseph Jackson[B] Bob Dylan[C]Beetles [D]Elvis Presley35. ____________is a street in Manhattan, New York. There are a lot of theatres at both sides of the street and it has bee a synonym of musicals.[A] the 5th Avenue [B] Avenue de New-York[C] Park Avenue. [D] Broadway36. ____________ is often regarded as the greatest American woman poet and she wrote over 1,700 short lyric poems in her life time.[A] Anne Bradstreet [B] Robert Frost[C] Emily Bronte [D] Emily Dickinson40. ____________is an American syndicated talk show that aired nationally for 25 seasons from 1986 to 2011 and remains the highest-rated talk show in American television history.[A] Daily Show [B] Oprah Winfrey Show[C] Talent Show[D] Ellen Show41. In America, ____________ are given to recognize outstanding work in the television industry.[A] Grammy Awards [B] Tony Awards[C] Academy Awards [D] Emmy Awards42. ____________, located in New York City, is the largest art museum in the United States and one of the ten largest in the world.[A] The Metropolitan Museum of Art[B]National Museum of American Art[C] Hirshhorn Museum[D] National Museum of Air and Space45. ____________is a film about a German businessman who saved the lives of more than a thousand mostly Polish-Jewish refugees during the Holocaust by employing them in his factories.[A] The Pianist [B] Schindler's List[C]Sophie’s Choice[D] Pearl Harbor46. When is Halloween celebrated every year?[A]On October 31 [B] On February 14[C]On May 30 [D]On November 1147. American Independence Day falls on ____________.[A] May 30 [B]October 31[C]March 20 [D]July 448. Thanksgiving Day is originated in ____________.[A] England [B]America [C]Scotland[D]Canada49. April Fool's Day began in ____________.[A] America [B]Germany[C]France [D]Italy50. When first introduced to someone, one should address and be addressed as Miss, Ms., Mrs. or Mr. followed by the ____________. [A] first name [B]surname[C]nickname [D]middle name51. Among the five Great Lakes, only ____________ is wholly within the United States.[A]Erie[B]Superior[C]Michigan[D]Huron52. If you are invited to a business lunch, ask ____________ what he or she remends before placing your order, so that you will have an idea as to an appropriate price range for your meal.[A] the restaurant owner [B] the waiter[C]the chef [D]the host53. How many dimes is a US dollar?[A]10 [B]5[C]25 [D]454. How many cents is a US quarter?[A]10 [B] 5[C]25 [D]455. Marriage in America is considered ____________.[A] more important to the parents [B] a pure religious affair[C]rather burdensome [D]a pure individual matter56. When was Coca-Cola first created?[A]In 1765 [B]In 1885[C]In 1925 [D]In 199557. The KFC (chain restaurants from the United States) is the abbreviationof which of the following?[A]Kentucky Fried Cake[B]Kentucky Fried Chicken[C]Kentucky Frying Cake[D]Kentucky Frying Chicken58. Which number is unlucky in Western culture?[A]7 [B]8[C]13 [D]1460. Handshaking is a popular tradition among professionals in America. Handshaking should be ____________ and last between 3-5 seconds. [A] extended [B]interrupted[C]light [D]firm61.There are ____________ states in the United States of America.[A]46 [B]48 [C]50[D]5262.____________ is the largest state in area in the U.S.A.[A] Florida [B] Louisiana [C]Alaska[D] California63.____________ is known as the nation's "breadbasket" because of its abundant production of oats, wheat, and corn.[A]The North [B]The South[C]The Midwest[D]The Mideast64. ____________ is the coldest and deepest of the five Great Lakes.[A]Superior[B]Huron[C]Michigan [D]Ontario65.Washington, the capital of the US, is on the ____________ river.[A]Delaware [B]St. Laurence[C]Hudson[D]Potomac66. The highest mountain in the U.S. is Mount ____________.[A]Appalachian [B]Mekinley[C]Rocky[D]Great Smoky67. The 1970s and early 1980s saw the onset of stagflation. After his election in 1980, President____________responded to economic stagnation with free-market oriented reforms.[A]Jimmy Carter [B]Ronald Reagan[C]George Bush [D]Bill Clinton68. Seattle, a household name in many movies such as Sleepless in Seattle or Finding Mr. Right (遇上西雅图), is a coastal seaport city in the state of ____________.[A]California [B]Massachusetts[C]Washington[D]New York70. ____________ has developed a big steel-making industry and is the largest producer of iron and steel in the United States.[A]Chicago [B]Detroit[C]Pittsburgh[D]New Orleans71. ____________, bordering on Lake Erie, is a famous automobile town. It is the home of American gods: Ford, General Motors and Chrysler.[A]Chicago[B]Detroit[C]Pittsburgh [D]New Orleans72. ____________ was the first pany to introduce assembly lines for mass production of cars.[A]General Motors [B]American Motors Corporation[C]Chrysler [D]Ford74. "Steve" Jobs (February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) is the co-founder, chairman, and CEO of Apple Inc., an American multinational corporation headquartered in the world-famous Silicon Valley in ____________. [A]California[B]Texas[C]Arizona [D]Florida75. Bill Gates, who formally dropped out of Harvard in his junior year, is the former chief executive and chairman of Microsoft Corporation, an American multinational corporation headquartered in Redmond, ____________. [A]Colorado [B]Ohio[C]Washington[D]Virginia78. The Grand Canyon, a steep-sided canyon carved by the Colorado River in the United States in the state of____________, is known for its visually overwhelming size and its intricate and colorful landscape.[A]New Mexico [B]Wisconsin[C]Louisiana[D]Arizona79. As a prominent American landmark, the Golden Gate Bridge has beenone of the most internationally recognized symbols of____________. It has been declared one of the Wonders of the Modern World by the American Society of Civil Engineers.[A]Los Angeles [B]San Francisco[C]Washington D.C. [D]New York80. Already a huge tourist attraction and favorite spot for honeymooners, ____________is the collective name for three waterfalls that straddle the international border between Canada and the United States; more specifically, between the province of Ontario and the state of New York. [A]Iguasu Falls [B]Victoria Falls[C]Angel Falls[D]Niagara Falls81. ____________, widely held to be the first national park in the world,is known for its wildlife and its many geothermal features, especially Old Faithful Geyser, one of the most popular features in the park.[A]Yellowstone[B]Great Smoky Mountains[C]Grand Canyon [D]Yosemite82. In late____________,the NBA Playoffs (季后赛) begin..[A]May[B]April[C]March[D]June83. Broadcast on live TV to a world-wide audience, Armstrong stepped out of ____________11onto the lunar surface and described the event as "one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind."[A]Challenger [B]Columbia[C]Apollo[D]Discovery84. ____________is the United States government agency that is responsible for the civilian space program as well as for aeronautics and aerospace research.[A]CIA [B]NACA[C]NASA[D]NSA85. All of the following festivals are of some religious nature except ____________.[A]Easter [B]Thanksgiving[C]Halloween[D]Memorial Day87. ____________ is an American professional golfer who is among the most successful golfers of all time. He has been one of the highest-paid athletes in the world for several years.[A]"Tiger" Woods[B]Venus Williams[C]Michael Phelps[D]Jeremy Lin88. The US Open is a hardcourt ____________ tournament which is held annually in late August and early September over a two-week period. [A]golf [B]ice hockey[C]tennis [D]cricket90. The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World) is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in ____________.[A]San Francisco [B]Washington D.C.[C]Los Angels [D]New York CityPart II Multiple-Choice QuestionsDirections: Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] are given. Choose the ones that you think best plete the statement or answer the question.1. The U.S. President can decide ____________.[A]what foreign policies to make[B]who bee the judges of the federal courts[C]whether the law is unconstitutional[D]who should be included in the cabinet2. The John Harvard statue is actually nicknamed the “statue of three lies”because of all the inaccuracies inscribed on it. They are ____________.[A]That isn’t John Harvard.[B]John Harvard wasn’t the founder of Harvard University.[C]Harvard wasn’t founded in 1638.[D]Harvard was originally called the New College. And its mission was to train clergy.3.Which of the following presidents had been impeached when they were in office?[A]Richard Nixon[B]Bill Clinton[C]Andrew Johnson. [D]Jimmy Carter4. Which two universities worked together to create a new non-profit venture---EDX?[A]Yale University [B]Stanford University[C]Massachusetts Institute of Technology [D]Harvard University6. English as a language borrowed a lot of words from the following languages:____________.[A]Latin [B]Greek [C]French [D]German7. Which of the following English words came from Chinese?[A]zebra [B]Tai Chi [C]ketchup [D]mahjong8. Which of the following are the descriptions of Uncle Sam?[A]He has long white hair and a beard.[B]He wears a waistcoat and striped trousers.[C]He wears tall hat with a star.[D]He used to be an inspector of army supplies.10. We have different ways of saying “cheap”. Which of the following phrases are right?[A]On sale [B]A good deal[C]A bargain[D]A steal12. The United States has one of the largest diplomatic presences of any nation. Only a few countries don’t have formal diplomatic relations with the United States. They include____________.[A]Laos[B]Vietnam[C]North Korea[D]Cuba13. In most public schools and private schools in the United States,education is divided into three levels: ____________.[A]elementary school, [B]middle school[C]higher school[D]high school15. The possible reasons why many American parents would choose to homeschooltheirchildrenare____________.[A]they wish to add religious instruction[B]they feel they can more effectively tailor a curriculum to suit an individual student’s academic strengths and weaknesses[C]they can’t afford a school[D]they feel that the negative social pressures of schools are harmful to a child’s proper development16. Which of the following higher institutions are members of the Ivy League?[A]Yale University.[B]Columbia University[C]Harvard University [D]Princeton University17. Of the following words, which ones belong to British English?[A]lift[B]truck[C]elevator[D]lorry18. British English and AmericanEnglish are two major geographical varieties of English spoken respectively in Great Britain and the United States. Their distinctions can be seen in the following aspects____________.[A]pronunicaiton[B]spelling[C]grammar [D]vocabulary19. Suspicious of any power concentration, the framers of the AmericanConstitutiondistributed power among the three branches of the federal government. The three branches are____________.[A]Congress[B]the executive branch[C]thejudicial branch[D]the supreme court20. The major powersof the American Congress include ____________.[A]levying federal taxes[B]regulating merce with foreign states and among states[C]declaring wars[D]deciding what government programs will receive funds21. Which of the following movies have won the Oscars?[A]Million Dollar Baby[B]Avatar[C]Schindler's List[D]Titanic22. The Sound of Music is a 1965 American musical film and it contains several popular songs including ____________. [A]"Edelweiss" [B]"My Favorite Things"[C]"Do-Re-Mi" [D]"The Sound of Music"23. Which of the following works are written by Ernest Hemingway, one ofthe best-known American authors of the 20th century?[A]The Sun Also Rises [B]The Old Man and the Sea[C]A Farewell to Arms[D] The Sound and The Fury24. Presley(猫王) is one of the most celebrated musicians of the 20th century. He left us many melodious songs such as____________.[A]Love Me Tender[B]Always on My Mind[C]Only You[D]Heartbreak Hotel25. American actor and edian Robin Williams died of an apparent suicide by hanging at his home in 2014. He starred in a number of fine films including____________.[A]Dead Poets Society[B]Chicago[C]The Terminal[D]Good Will Hunting(心灵捕手)26. Faulkner is one of the most important writers in American literature generally and Southern literature specifically. His works are____________.[A]Light in August[B] Absalom, Absalom[C] The Great Gatsby[D] The Sound and the Fury28.There are many museums in Washington D.C., such as____________.[A] National Air and Space Museum[B] National Gallery of Art[C]National Museum of Natural History[D] Metropolitan Museum of Art30.____________are Hollywood animation films.[A] Frozen[B] Dances with Wolves[C]Finding Nemo[D]The Terminal31. The most traditional food of Thanksgiving Day dinner is____________.[A] roast turkey [B]short cake[C]pumpkin pie [D]fried chicken33. Which of the following are rules of dinning etiquette?[A]turning off cell phones [B]sitting up straight[C]putting elbows on the table [D]taking small bites34. To rent a car in the United States, you need to ____________.[A] be over 25 [B]have a driver’s license[C]provide a credit card [D]book online36. Which of the following items are not permitted in carry-on and checked luggage when you travel by air in the United States?[A]Torch lighters [B]Sporting equipment[C]Laptops [D]Spray paint37. The dress code for professionals in the United States is a suit and tie for men and a suit and dress for women. Traditional colors are preferred, such as ____________.[A] pink [B]navy[C]gray [D]black38. Two rules for personal topics when meeting with Americanprofessionals are ____________. This avoids any unfortable situations during a discussion.[A] no sports [B]no politics[C]no religion [D]no weather39. Many American professionals schedule meetings around a meal. ____________ are the most popular meal times during a meeting.[A] Breakfast[B]Brunch[C]Lunch [D]Dinner40. In America, there are certain ways to practice proper etiquette during a conversation that will help ensure that you enjoy it just as much as the person that you're conversing with. These include ____________.[A]avoiding interrupting the person that you're conversing with[B]turning your phone off before engaging in a conversation with someone[C]looking the person whom you are talking to in the eye[D]speaking low enough so that you won’t be overheard by people around you41. Situated in the central part of the North America Continent, the continental United States borders Canada on the north and reaches south to ____________.[A]Mexico[B]Cuba [C]Brazil [D]the Gulf of Mexico43. The enormous growth of American economy has been attributed to many factors. Among them are ____________.[A]the size of America[B]its abundant resources[C]religious pluralism[D]American capitalism44. ____________ used to be the mainstays of America’s economy.[A]Chemistry[B]Automobile[C]Construction[D]Steel45. The four fundamental freedoms, which people “everywhere in the world”ought to enjoy, were goals articulated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on January 6, 1941. They include ____________.[A]freedom of speech[B]freedom of worship[C]freedom from want[D]freedom from war46. ____________ areregarded as the greatest players in National Basketball Association (NBA)history.[A]Shaquille O'Neal[B]Scottie Pippen[C]Wilt Chamberlain [D]Kobe Bryant47. The Mississippi River is the largest river system in ____________, about 2,320 miles (3,730 km).[A]the United States [B]Americas[C]the world[D]North America48.The two largest Chinatowns in U.S. are located in ____________.[A]New York [B]Chicago[C]Miami [D]San Francisco50.America, walled by ____________, has been said to be a nation with an abundance of geography but a shortage of history.[A]the Atlantic Ocean[B]the Indian Ocean[C]the Pacific Ocean [D]the Arctic OceanPart III True or FalseDirections: Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).( ) 1.The Statue of Liberty was presented by the people of France to the people of the United States when the new country was founded.( ) 2.Harward University was founded in 1638.( ) 3.Ronald Reagan was the only actor to bee president of the United States.( ) 6. In 1961, the American Congress adopted Uncle Sam as the national symbol.( ) 7. “I e, I see, I conquer” was said by Julius Caesar.( ) 8. We say American politics is based on a two-party system because there are only two parties in the United States.( ) 9. The members of the National Security Council include the President, the Vice President, and the Secretaries of State and Defense. ( ) 10. American public schools are locally controlled, free from religious influence and publicly supported by taxes.( ) 11. In the United States, the public schools are supported by taxes paid by the adults who have childrenattendingschools.( ) 12. The Congress represents the nation as the head of state,symbolizing national unity and speaking on behalf of the American people to the world.( ) 14. Although Columbus was not the first to discover the New World, his landing in the New World in 1492 is important: it ushered in an era of unprecedented European exploration and settlement of the Americas. ( ) 15. The US education system uses the mon numerical grading system as is used in many other countries.( ) 18. Country music is a genre of American popular music that originated inNorthern United States in the 1920s.( ) 19. Meryl Streep is widely regarded as one of the greatest film actresses of all time.She won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her roles in Roman Holiday in 2011.( ) 20. Whitney Houston acted in the movie The Bodyguard, and the song in the movie My Heart will Go On was known by the world.( ) 21. “Life was like a box of chocolates, you never know what you’re gonna get.” is from the movie Forrest Gump.( ) 22. Washington Irving is the father of American Literature.( )23. The Washington Monument is located in Philadelphia to memorate George Washington, the first American President.( ) 24.Tony Awards are given to recognize the excellent work in theatre and are considered the highest U.S. theatre honor.( ) 26.The Great Gatsby is written by Jack London.( ) 27. Sleeping Beauty is the first full-length cel (帧，动画用语) animated feature film and the earliest in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series.( ) 28.The first Thanksgiving Day was celebrated in 1620.( ) 29. It is appropriate to groom yourself at the table when you are having a business dinner.( ) 30. Easter Day occurs on the first Sunday after the full moon following the spring equinox. It is originally the day to memorate the Resurrection of Jesus Christ.( ) 31.Michael Jeffrey Jordan (born February 17, 1963), also known by his initials, MJ, played 15 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Chicago Bulls and Washington Wizards.( ) 33.The Super Bowl is the annual championship game of the National Football League (NFL), the highest level of professional football in the United States, culminating a season that begins in the late summer of the previous calendar year.( )34.The total area of America is some 9.62 million square kilometers, which makes it the second largest country in the world.( ) 35. America has a population of about 318 million, the majority of which are descendents of the European immigrants.( ) 36.The robin is both the national bird and national animal of the United States, and is an enduring symbol of the country itself.( ) 38. On the one hand, the United States is the world's largest producer of natural gas and crude oil; on the other hand, it is also the world's largest consumer of petroleum.( ) 39. Soccer is as popular in the United States as in many other nations.( ) 40. Christianity is by far the most mon religion practiced in the United States.( ) 41. New York is the most populous city in the United States and the home of the United Nations Headquarters.( ) 43. Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States, is located in the mid-Atlantic region of the U.S. West Coast.( ) 44. The national flower of the United States is rose.( ) 45. The Amazon River is nicknamed by the “father of water” or “Old man River”.( ) 46. The most important source of law is the government.( ) 47. Hollywood is located in the central region of Los Angeles, California.( ) 48. The Congress is the head of the judicial branch of America. ( ) 49. The northeastern part is the most densely populated region in AmericaPart IV Match。
对奥德赛岁月的不同看法英语作文
对奥德赛岁月的不同看法英语作文Different Views on the Odyssey YearsThe Odyssey is a really old but famous story written by a Greek poet named Homer a long, long time ago. It's an epic adventure all about this guy named Odysseus and his crazy journey trying to get home to Ithaca after fighting in the Trojan War. I read an adapted kids' version of it in school and I thought it was such an exciting tale, with monsters, giants, gods and goddesses, and all sorts of thrilling action!But the more I learned about it, the more I realized that not everyone sees The Odyssey the same way. Different people have very different perspectives on what it all means. Here are some of the main viewpoints I discovered:The Ancient Greek ViewTo the ancient Greeks who first heard Homer's epic poems, The Odyssey was like their Bible or history book. It taught them about their gods, heroes, values and origins as a society. Odysseus was one of their legendary heroes - brave, clever, resourceful and determined to get home no matter what challenges he faced.His struggles against mythical monsters like the Cyclops Polyphemus, the seductress Circe, or the terrifying Charybdis whirlpool were symbolic of the courage and perseverance required to overcome life's difficulties. His love for his wife Penelope and desperation to return to Ithaca after 20 long years represented the importance of family, home and patriotism to the Greek people.The scholars say the ancient Greeks revered The Odyssey as a moral tale reinforcing core values like hospitality, loyalty, respecting the gods, and having a strong work ethic. So to them, it was an inspirational account of what made a true Greek hero.The Literary Critic PerspectiveIn contrast, many modern literary experts analyze The Odyssey more critically from an artistic perspective. They marvel at Homer's poetic storytelling genius - his vivid descriptive details, creative metaphors, masterful structuring of the plot, and admirable character development over the epic's 24 books.Literary critics study things like Homer's pioneering use of recurring situational themes (like Odysseus having to restrain his men, or being rescued by a beautiful woman). They examine the symbolism behind pivotal scenes (like the blinding of Polyphemus representing the Greek's view of Cyclops asuncivilized barbarians). And they debate theories around whether the story was just an oral tradition compiled later, or represented actual historical events and places.To the literary elite, The Odyssey is regarded as one of the earliest and greatest masterworks of Western literature - analyzed and admired more for its pioneering narrative craft than for its moral lesson or cultural significance.The Casual Modern ViewThen you have regular people today who aren't ancient Greeks or literary professors - we just see The Odyssey as an exciting adventure story full of imaginary monsters, gods, and cool heroes to root for. Kind of like a really old-school version of Star Wars or Lord of the Rings!We get swept up in the thrill of the journey, from the Cyclops attack to the Lotus Eaters to getting trapped by Circe's spell to navigating between Scylla the sea monster and the deadly Charybdis whirlpool. Odysseus is like this awesome ancient superhero we admire for using his wits to overcome every obstacle and eventually battling to reclaim his kingdom after 20 years of struggles.So from a pure entertainment view, modern kids and adults enjoy The Odyssey as this classic work of fantasy fiction - transporting us to an imaginative world of myths and legends full of non-stop action and drama. We can appreciate the life lessons, but mostly we're just along for the crazy ride!The Feminist CritiqueWhenever I discuss The Odyssey with my mom though, she always points out the flaws from a feminist perspective. She thinks the story is really patriarchal and sexist, portraying women as powerless objects who are just treated as possessions and pawns by the male heroes and gods.Like Penelope is this ideal devoted wife who has to remain faithful for 20 years, just weaving and pining away while being constantly harassed by aggressive suitors trying to take over Odysseus' kingdom. Or all the female characters are either magical seductresses trying to lure Odysseus into bed, or servants relegated to roles like tending the livestock and cleaning.My mom feels Odysseus himself exhibits really toxic masculine behavior - like when he mercilessly kills all the suitors once he's home, or how he regularly gives in to rage and murderous violence against those who cross him. So from afeminist point of view, she thinks The Odyssey reinforces outdated stereotypes of men being conquerors and women being passive possessions or instruments of a man's undoing.The Cultural CritiqueOne of my classmates who is Native American says The Odyssey should be viewed more critically too - but from the perspective of how the ancient Greeks saw themselves as more "civilized" and superior to anyone they deemed "barbarians."He pointed out how the Cyclops Polyphemus is depicted as this uncivilized, cannibalistic monster - symbolizing how the Greeks dehumanized groups they considered primitive andun-Greek. Or how the Lotus Eaters episode basically represents the Greeks fearing what they viewed as less disciplined, indulgent foreign cultures where people were just consumed with leisure rather than duty and purpose like "civilized" Greeks.So from his cultural viewpoint, The Odyssey is actually rooted in some racist, xenophobic Greek assumptions that their way of life was inherently better than all the "others" - whether that was the Cyclopes, the Lotus Eaters, the seductress Circe, or any other non-Greeks portrayed as threats to be conquered or vices to be resisted. It shows an ancient ethnocentric worldview that sadly persists in some ways today.The Philosophical LensPersonally, my favorite way to look at The Odyssey is through the perspective of the deeper philosophical questions it raises. Like the whole premise of the story is sort of an exploration into the limits of human perseverance, willpower and loyalty. How much suffering and struggle is a person willing to endure to achieve their goal or make it back home?You've got Odysseus going to literally the underworld and back, battling against gods, monsters and nature itself for two decades...all to reunite with his wife and son. It makes you ponder what you'd be willing to sacrifice or how much inner drive and tenacity you'd need to get through that level of adversity.There's also a lot of deep thinking around humanity's relationship with the gods, fate and free will. Odysseus survives by a combination of his own cunning/preparedness and divine intervention from Athena. So does that mean we're all at the mercy of capricious higher powers? Or is Odysseus a testament to the power of resourceful human spirit when the odds are stacked impossibly high? Really makes you reflect on those big existential questions.And finally, the ending where Odysseus disguises himself and has to win back his kingdom through more violence - it makes you ponder whether his war-like tendencies are a necessary part of a true leader's survival skills, or an overcompensating flaw born of excessive pride and obsession with power/possessions. Does the story ultimately validate or critique those patriarchal warrior-king values that were celebrated in ancient Greek culture? There's a lot to philosophically dissect based on what moral or existential assumptions you bring to the text.My Biggest TakeawayWith all these different perspectives though, I think my biggest takeaway is that The Odyssey is just an amazingly rich, multi-layered story that people can interpret through countless different lenses based on their unique backgrounds, values and worldviews. And that's what makes it such an impactful, thought-provoking masterpiece that has transcended eras and cultures for thousands of years.Whether it's the original Greek view of it being a moral guide or cultural history lesson...the modern literary view of it being a pioneering narrative achievement...the simple entertainment angle of a non-stop thrill ride into a fantasy world...the feministcritique of outdated gender roles...the cultural critique around ethnocentrism and xenophobia...or the deep philosophical ponderings around humanity's struggles - every way of seeing The Odyssey offers meaningful insights.So while it's fun to approach this epic work with childlike wonder at all the wild adventures, I've grown to appreciate how such an ancient tale can still stimulate so muchthought-provoking analysis and perspective-taking. To me, that's the true enduring power and magic of a transformative story like The Odyssey - the ability to transport us to an imaginative realm while also holding up a mirror to reflect on the complexities of our own world and the human condition. It's a classic adventure that will no doubt inspire many more unique interpretations for generations to come!。
广东省佛山市实验中学2025届高考英语全真模拟密押卷含解析
广东省佛山市实验中学2025届高考英语全真模拟密押卷考生须知：1．全卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，全部在答题纸上作答。
选择题必须用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题的答案必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔写在“答题纸”相应位置上。
2．请用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔在“答题纸”上先填写姓名和准考证号。
3．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．An exhibition with 885 cultural relics to be displayed ________ at the Meridian Gate Gallery.A．was held B．would hold C．has hold D．will be held2．一Would you be so kind as to take this heavy box upstairs for me?一A．It's my pleasure．B．Help yourself．C．Sure，with pleasure．D．Take your time．3．--I feel nervous when taking an exam.-- and you can do it well.A．Take it w easy B．Take your time C．Good luck D．It’s up to you4．Kate asked the girls to so she could hear what her husband said onthe phone.A．slow down B．come down C．settle down D．break down5．“Could we put off the meeting？” she asked.“________.” He answered politely. “This is the only day everyone is available.”A．Not likely B．Not exactlyC．Not nearly D．Not really6．A heavy sandstorm is going to envelop our city. It is unwise to have your car .A．wash B．washedC．washing D．to wash7．In the past few years, we’ve seen works by Chinese sci-fi writers winning international ______.A．conclusion B．standardC．potential D．recognition8．It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is quite ______ to perform skillfully yourself.A．another B．other C．the other D．others9．If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party,________.A．he will either B．neither will heC．he neither will D．either he will10．If he had been working hard, he ______ in the office now. However, he didn’t.A．would be working B．were to be working C．was working D．should work11．The deal，next week，will allow Charney to make a great fortune in the stock market.A．completed B．being completedC．to be completed D．having been completed12．Most Schools have banned junk food and brought out new menus. “That’s cool!”said Andreas Petrou, 11th grader.A．/; anB．/;theC．the; aD．the; /13．The majority of new businesses fail because, ________ they have a product or service that fills a gap in the market, they usually lack the skills in sales, marketing, and administration.A．now that B．even ifC．as long as D．as though14．The enquiry________ new facts, the judge had to postpone the trial again.A．to develop B．developedC．having developed D．being developed15．The plan for Xiongan New Area ______ officially on April 1, 2017.A．announced B．was announced C．announces D．is announced16．The classroom is big enough for 25 students for normal use you need more space for special activities. A．once B．because C．if D．unless17．---Hi, Betty, are you free at present? I have to ask you for a favor．----_____．With pleasure．A．Sorry, I am busy B．Go aheadC．Help yourself D．Ask, please18．—I have something important to tell John. But I can’t find him.—His cell phone is here, so he ________ have gone too far.A．mustn’t B．needn’tC．wouldn’t D．can’t19．—Could you give me a reminder at 9 tomorrow morning?—I'm sorry,but I a meeting then.A．attend B．will attend C．will be attending D．am attending20．Sympathy for the rebels, the government claimed, is beginning to ______because of more and more harm they did to common people.A．fade B．decline C．fail D．collapse第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
12 全套美国文学精心整理的各个时期作家作品简介Henry David Thoreau
Evaluation of Thoreau
• An active transcendentalist who put into practice many of Emerson’s theories • A prophet of individualism in American literature • Ideas influenced Gandhi and Martin Luther King
Writing Style
• Style
– Full of epigrams and Proverbial Expressions – Tone: Conversational and humorous – Figure of speech
• Metaphors • Brief Tales, Fables and Allegories
– Born in a poor family in Concord, Massachusetts in 1817 – Father: an unsuccessful storekeeper and maker of pencils – Mother: ambitious, sent Thoreau to Harvard though he did not like the life and curriculum there
Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)
• esspher
• naturalist • Leader of American Transcendentalism
Biographical Introduction (1)
• Family Background
What transcendental ideas can you find in Walden?
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第14期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题在中国人的心目中，似乎没有一部书可以与《红楼梦》比肩，它既可以拥有亿万的读者,也带有众多的谜团。
它是中国古典小说的巅峰之作，有一般文化的人都可以读懂它，但是即便很有学问的人也不敢说尽解某奥妙……也正因为如此，近一百多年来，它被翻译成多种文字，在国外赢得越来越多的读者，为传播中国文化起到了积极的作用。
【答案】As for Chinese people, “A Dream of Red Mansions” is the greatest book that no book can compare with and hundreds of millions of people like to read. And there are also many mysteries in this book. It represents the pinnacle of Chinese classical novels and people who are half educated can read and understand it. But some learned people don’t dare to explain subtleties contained in it…Thus, it has been translated into various languages for about 100 years and accepted more and more foreign readers, which plays an active role in spreading Chinese culture.2.单选题（）a continuous mass of water on the Earth’s surface, all continents are islands in the strict sense of the word.问题1选项A.The form of the oceansB.Since the oceans formC.To form the oceansD.That the oceans form【答案】B 【解析】语法知识。
英语是令我头疼的一门学科英语作文
英语是令我头疼的一门学科英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1English is a Subject that Gives Me a Headache (An Essay from a Student's Perspective)English, the language that has become a global lingua franca, is a subject that has been a constant source of frustration and headaches for me throughout my academic journey. As a student, I have grappled with the intricacies of this language, often feeling like I'm trapped in a maze of grammar rules, vocabulary, and pronunciation nuances.One of the biggest challenges I face with English is its grammar. The seemingly endless list of tenses, conjugations, and sentence structures can be overwhelming. Just when I think I have a firm grasp on the present perfect tense, I'm introduced to the past perfect continuous, and my brain short-circuits. It's as if English grammar is a sadistic puzzle designed to confuse and torment students like me.Then there's the vocabulary. English has an insatiable appetite for words, borrowing from numerous languages andconstantly expanding its lexicon. Just when I feel confident with a set of vocabulary, a new batch of words emerges, leaving me scrambling to keep up. It's like playing a never-ending game of word catch-up, and I'm always a few steps behind.Pronunciation is another hurdle that consistently trips me up. English has a knack for defying logical phonetic patterns, with words like "tough," "cough," and "rough" pronounced in completely different ways. It's as if the language is mocking my futile attempts to master its sounds. I often find myself questioning the sanity of the individuals who established these pronunciation rules.But perhaps the most frustrating aspect of English is its abundance of idiomatic expressions and figurative language. Phrases like "raining cats and dogs" or "let the cat out of the bag" leave me utterly perplexed. How am I supposed to decipher these cryptic metaphors when they seem to defy all logic? It's as if English delights in confounding non-native speakers with its linguistic riddles.Despite these challenges, I can't deny the importance of mastering English in today's globalized world. It's the language of international business, academia, and pop culture. However,my struggles with this subject often leave me feeling inadequate and discouraged.I vividly remember the countless times I've stared blankly at an English essay prompt, my mind a whirlwind of half-formed thoughts and jumbled grammar rules. Or the moments when I've been called upon in class to read aloud, only to stumble over words and mispronounce them, my face flushing with embarrassment.Yet, through all these trials and tribulations, I remain determined to conquer English. I remind myself that every stumble is an opportunity to learn, and every headache is a testament to my perseverance. I seek solace in the fact that even native speakers sometimes struggle with the complexities of their own language.As I continue my academic journey, I hold onto the hope that one day, English will no longer be a source of frustration but rather a tool for self-expression and communication. Until then, I'll keep pushing through the headaches, armed with a dictionary, a grammar guide, and an unwavering determination to master this linguistic labyrinth.篇2English: The Subject That Gives Me a HeadacheAs a student, there are few things more dreadful than the words "English class." Just the thought of it makes my head start pounding. You'd think that since it's my native language, English would be one of my strongest subjects. But for some reason, it's always been my academic kryptonite - my greatest weakness and source of frustration.I can still vividly remember struggling through grammar lessons in elementary school, trying in vain to memorize the countless rules about when to use "its" versus "it's", or how to properly structure a complex sentence. My teacher would drone on about subjects, predicates, and modifying phrases, and I'd just stare blankly, feeling like she was speaking ancient Greek rather than English.Even when we moved on to reading classic novels and analyzing poetry, I found little joy in it. Dissecting metaphors and discussing symbolism just felt like a colossal waste of time to me.I wanted to shout "Who cares if the white whale represents man's struggle against nature? It's a dumb book about a grumpy sea captain obsessed with killing an overgrown fish!"Writing assignments were perhaps my biggest source of anguish. The five-paragraph essay structure was my personalninth circle of hell. Having to methodically plan an introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion felt more like a form of cruel and unusual punishment than an exercise in composition. And don't even get me started on MLA or APA formatting rules - I've had nightmares about endnotes and hanging indentations.Despite my passionate disdain for the subject, English was a required class every single year from kindergarten through 12th grade. I took it begrudgingly, always counting down the days until I could take my last final exam and be done with it forever. Alas, those hopes were dashed when I got to college and realized I needed two English courses for my general education requirements. Are you kidding me?!So there I was, stuck in English Composition 101, writing essay after torturous essay, consulting cherished grammar guides like Old Faithful to avoid potentially embarrassing myself. The feelings of resentment and inadequacy came flooding back as I watched classmates debate the finer points of MLA styling with eagerness. Me? I just wanted it to be over.I have to admit, a small part of me envied those students who seemed to have a natural flair for English. The ones who could artillery historical context and analyze text like it was second nature. How I longed for even an ounce of that ability!But alas, it was not meant to be. I am simply linguistically challenged when it comes to my native tongue.Even today, years after suffering through my last English course, I still feel a tinge of anxiety anytime I have to compose an important email or document. I carefully construct each sentence, read and re-read for errors, and send it off with a silent prayer that I didn't egregiously violate some commonly grammar rule. I use tools like Grammarly as a safety net, hoping against hope that the little green squiggles under my words will miraculously disappear.Maybe I'm being overly dramatic about my English language woes. It's quite possible that I'm the only one who has noticed or cared about my occasional slip-ups over the years. But I can't shake the feeling that I'm an utter failure when it comes to what should be the most natural form of communication for me.If I'm being honest with myself, a part of the struggle has been a self-fulfilling cycle of negativity and expecting failure. From those earliest memories of grammar-induced headaches, I started telling myself "I'm just not good at this subject." That mentality became a safe little shelter to which I could attribute my struggles. If I'm "just not good at English," then there's no point in putting in the hard work to get better, right?In recent years, I've come to realize how flawed andself-defeating that mindset truly is. Just because a subject doesn't come naturally to me doesn't give me an excuse to resign myself to perpetual mediocrity. We all have strengths and weaknesses, subjects that click and those that don't. The key is putting in the effort in those areas of weakness, powered by discipline rather than perceived innate ability.So here I am, in my late 20s, stubbornly refusing to let English remain the bane of my academic existence. I'vere-committed myself to reading more, exposing myself to quality writing and allowing some of those skills to sublime themselves into my own work. I purchased the grammar books that once induced cold sweats and have been methodically working through them. And I've tried to embrace writing as a process, an art that requires practice, iteration and perseverance.Is it working?It's hard to say for certain. Old habits and that little voice of self-doubt are hard to quiet sometimes. But I'd like to think I'm making progress, slowly chipping away at those mental blocks I've allowed to hold me back for far too long. Perhaps one day, years of persistent effort will transform English from one of my biggest areas of weakness into a hard-earned strength.Because in the end, that's the harsh reality - few things in life worth achieving can be attained without dedication and struggle. If I want to improve my English skills, there are no shortcuts; no magic pills orLife hacks that can supplement good old-fashioned work. It will be a long, arduous journey of re-learning fundamentals and changing the deeply-ingrained habits of a lifetime.But I'll keep chipping away, re-writing that flawed narrative I've been telling myself for decades. One day, I hope to be able to say that English is no longer the subject that gives me a headache - but one that I've finally mastered through perseverance. Maybe then I'll be able to look back with a sense of pride, grateful for the important life lesson that challenges need not result in resignation. With focus and effort, they can become emblematic of our ability to grow.篇3English: The Bane of My Academic ExistenceIf you ask any student what their least favorite subject is, I can almost guarantee that English will be high on the list for many. As someone who has struggled with this language and its bizarre rules from a young age, I can attest to the fact thatEnglish is the bane of my academic existence – a never-ending source of frustration, confusion, and metaphorical headaches.From the moment we start learning to read and write, English throws curveball after curveball our way. The spelling rules make no sense – for every "tough" there's a "though", for every "weight" there's a "height". How are we supposed to keep track? And don't even get me started on homophones like "their", "there", and "they're" – a single misplaced apostrophe and the entire meaning changes. It's maddening!Then we get to grammar, where the rules are even more confounding. Subject-verb agreement seems simple in theory until you encounter collective nouns, which can be either singular or plural depending on the context. Split infinitives are taboo unless they're not. And let's not forget about the dreadfully confusing cases where "fewer" is correct instead of "less", or vice versa. By the time you've muddled through all the nitpicky grammar guidelines, your head is spinning.But the true headache inducer has to be vocabulary. English proudly flaunts its trove of obscure, ludicrously complicated words that serve no purpose other than to confuse and intimidate. "Antidisestablishmentarianism" – a 28-letter monster that basically means "the opposition to disestablishing theChurch of England". Tell me, in what conceivable situation would the average person need to utter that ungodly word? And that's just one egregious example out of many. The English vocabulary is a labyrinth with no exit in sight.Even simple conversations can turn into linguistic nightmares thanks to English's extensive collection of idioms and figurative phrases. "Pulling someone's leg", "raining cats and dogs", "kicking the bucket" – how is a non-native speaker supposed to decipher these bizarre sayings that make no logical sense when taken literally? Talk about a recipe for confusion and embarrassment.Don't even get me started on trying to learn English as a second language. As a native speaker, I still struggle daily with the convolutions of this crazy tongue. I can only imagine the migraines that those striving to learn it as an additional language must endure. The poor grammar structure, bizarre spelling rules, and trap-laden vocabulary must make English feel like a daunting, insurmountable mountain at times.And this isn't even touching on the different accents, dialects, and colloquialisms that pop up across regions – turning one "English" into a hundred different, barely recognizable variations. How's a student supposed to keep up?At the end of the day, English is my mother tongue, the language I've grown up speaking and writing in. And yet, it remains an endless source of frustration - a beast I can never fully tame no matter how hard I try. Its rules are a paradox, its vocabulary is absurd, and its very existence seems determined to induce metalinguistic headaches galore.From daunting dissertations to simple spelling drills, English is there, lurking ominously and ready to strike at a moment's notice. If this rant has proven anything, it's that even native speakers aren't immune to the maddening quirks and confusing nuances of the English language. We're all in this crazy, headache-inducing journey together, for better or worse.So to all my fellow English students out there, I feel your pain. I, too, lie awake at night pondering the "i before e except after c" rule and its millions of ridiculous exceptions. Like you, I've banged my head against the wall trying to figure out where to properly place a modifier or how to correctly conjugate an irregular verb.We're all in the same boat, constantly trying – and often failing – to master what might be the most maddeningly inconsistent yet unavoidable language on the planet. All we can do is persevere, take some Tylenol for our English-inducedmigraines, and look on the bright side: at least we're not alone in our struggles against this linguistic behemoth.。
高级英语课文修辞
修辞9 马克吐温（课后练习）10震撼世界的审判The Trial That Rocked the World---hyperbole ❖“Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder …”---transferred epithetThe case had erupted round my head…synecdocheno one, least of all I, anticipated that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in U. S. history. snowball: (metaphor) grow or develop rapidly●“By the time the trial began on July 10, our town of 1,500people had taken on a circus atmosphere.”●circus atmosphere: (metaphor) riotous holiday spirit●The streets around the three-storey red brick law courtsprouted with rickety stands selling hot dogs, …●sprout: (metaphor) grow or spring up quickly●Bryan, ageing and paunchy , was assisted .(ridicule )●After the preliminary sparring over legalities, Darrow got up tomake his opening statement.●Spar--- ( metaphor) fight with words, engage in argument and it is a mighty strong combination."---sarcasm●“until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of thesixteenth century…”—(irony)●The Christian believes that man came from above. Theevolutionist believes that he must have come from below."---(antithesis )…he thundered in his sonorous organ tones,----thunder—(metaphor) shout loudly●“when Bryan had swept the political arena like a prairie fire.”●like a prairie fire: (simile) spreading quickly, rapidly andovercoming all obstacles●The crowd seemed to feel that their champion had notscorched the infidels with the hot breath of his oratory as he should have.●scorch---(metaphor) wither, thoroughly defeat●hot breath of his oratory (metaphor)●----vivid image of his breath coming out heatedly as he spoke●He appealed for intellectual freedom, and accused Bryan ofcalling for a duel to the death between science and religion.●duel---preplanned combat with deadly weapons between twopeople. (metaphor) a life and death struggle●“Then the court broke into a storm of applause that surpassedthat for Bryan.”●a storm of applause：(metaphor) loud applause like a thunderstorm by many people●But although Malone had won the oratorical duel with Bryan,the judge ruled against permitting the scientists to testify for the defence. (metaphor) ----fight in words , in speeches◆One shop announced: DARWIN IS RIGHT –INSIDE.---- pun (playing on the different meaning of words).◆“Now Darrow sprang his trump card by calling Bryan as awitness for the defence.”to spring the trump card：(metaphor) use suddenly that which is most advantageous to his cause in order to improve his position●"His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognizedthroughout the world." ---hyperboleResolutely he strode to the stand, carrying a palm fan like a sword to repel his enemies . (ridicule，simile )Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence ---------ridicule●There were sniggers from the crowd, even among the faithful.●----sarcastic or stifled laugh●Dudley Field Malone called my conviction a "victoriousdefeat.”--oxymoron(矛盾修饰法)●The oratorial storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley FieldMalone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a freshwind through the schools and legislative offices of the United States, …●oratorical storm，blew up：(metaphors)●swept like a fresh wind：(simile)1 Face to Face with Hurricane CamilleIt was certain to pummel Gulfport, Miss., where the Koshaks lived. (personification)We can batten down and ride it out,"batten –to fasten canvas over the hatches of a ship, especially in preparing for a stormto batten down --- (metaphor)Wind and rain now whipped the house. (metaphor)•The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade .------(simile)•The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. -------(simile)• A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air.( personification)•---in a big, hard, sweeping blow•---to throw so as to cause to bounce swiftly and lightlyit seized a 600, 000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3 ~ milesaway. ( personification)•---an oil tank that can store 600000 gallons of oil•---to throw down sth. heavy with a bumpIt tore three large cargo ships from their moorings and beached them. (personification)•---cables, anchors, etc that hold a ship in place•---to ground a boat on a beach•“Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point.”•---a party held especially for watching the hurricane•---( transferred epithet) impressive to see and strikingly unusual •--- a position that allows a clear and broad view“Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees”(metaphor)-- decorateCamille, meanwhile, had raked its way northward across Mississippi, -- (metaphor)-- to attack and devastate as it moved along2 marrakech►threaded their way---picked their way through the piles of pomegranates, and taxis and camels----pomegranatesand sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies. (simile)“Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews,”---(transferred epithet.) the Jews were in a frenzy , not the “rush”Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. (synecdoche)---a person with white skin►“Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls, work their way slowly across the fields,”----similie Firewood was passing -- that was how I saw it. ------inversionI am not commenting, merely pointing to a fact. ---understatement►As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward -- a long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, and then more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.►---2 onomatopoeic words describing the sound of boots and iron wheels►“Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive.”---elliptical sentence►rhetorical questionAre they really the same flesh as your self?Do they even have names?3 酒吧英语❖“The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will probably try to talk sense and so ruin all conversation.”----satire“We would never have gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest.”---metaphorOtherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely here and there-------metaphorA rather sinister figure was walking about behind the bushes❖the sinister corridor of our age – metaphorEven with the most educated and the most literate, the King's English slips and slides in conversation. (metaphor)I have an unending love affair with dictionaries ----metaphor“Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.”(simile)-----extended simileblow on a dandelion clock –seeds multiplied –floated to the ends of the earth“As we listen today to the arguments about bilingual education, we ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant.”---------metaphorThe conversation was on wings. (metaphor)The glow of the conversation burst into flames.------ metaphor delve – (metaphor)❖They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.(simile)❖“The charm of conversation is that it does not really start from anywhere, and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows.”(mixed metaphor) 把同种事物比喻成两种以上。
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试仿真模拟卷(四)(新课标Ⅱ卷)英语试题 Word版含答案
绝密★启用前2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试仿真摹拟卷(四)英语(甲卷)第Ⅰ卷第一部份听力(共两节，满分 30 分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5 段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C，三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.How much did the man pay for the cap?A ．Ten dollars ．B ．Forty dollars ．C ．Fifty dollars．2.Where is the man going to plant the tree?A ．By the front door．B ．At the other end of the garden．C ．At the back of the garage．3.What did the man mean?A ．He quite agreed with the woman．B ．He enjoyed the lecture the whole time．C ．The lecture was more than one hour long．4.What does the man really want to do?A ．To read the advertisement．B ．To meet the manager．C ．To take the job ．5.What’s the time now?A ．8 ：30 ．B ．9 ：00 ．C ．8 ：00．其次节(共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5 段对话或者独白。
每段对话或者独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
英美文学整理版
英美⽂学整理版English and American Literature and the Selected Readings1.Choose the best answer .Charles Dickens is a great writer in the AA. Victorian AgeB. RenaissanceC. Romantic periodD. 20th century2. Fill in the blanks.(1) _Beowulf is the representative works in the Anglo-Saxon Literature.(2) Humanism is the central theme of the English Renaissance.3.Say true or false.(1) Beowulf is written by Chaucer. F(2) Early English drama includes Miracle Play, Mystery Play and Morality Play T Examples for Terms and Questions4. Explain the literary terms. (1) Realism (2) RomanticismChapter One The Making of EnglandChapter Two "Beowulf"Early English Literature (450—1050)Important PointsAnglo-Saxon Period Early English Literature History LiteratureBritons & Britain FeaturesRoman Conquest BeowulfEnglish Conquest Other worksOld EnglishThe Making of EnglandThe English people are not one origin but a mixed blood.Early InhabitantsBritons Britaina tribe of Celts the land of Britonsprimitive people the tribal societyclustering of hutsThe Roman Conquest 55 B. C.Julius Caesar, the Roman conquerorBritons fought fiercely43 A. D. a Roman provinceBritain was under control completelyby the Roman Empire in 78 A. D.The Roman Conquestbeginning of 5th century:declining of the Roman EmpireIn 410 A. D. 400 years of occupationRomans withdrew.Influence:Britons, trodden (trampled践踏) down as slaves or cultivators of the land Buildings of Roman style for Roman conquerors Highways orRoman roads for military purposes Highways or Roman roads for military purposes Christianity introducedThe English Conquest and Old EnglishDuring the Roman Conquest, swarms (crowds, a number of ) of pirates (海盗) came from Northern Europe .Angles England people: English Saxons 7 small kingdoms 7th. C United into One Kingdom Land: Angle-land Jutes Language: Anglo-Saxon︾OldEnglishWhat is the Social Condition of the Anglo-Saxons?before the settlement after the settlementthe tribal society organs of statefamilies united by kinship(⾎族关系) kingship (君王统治)chiefs and warriors the military commanderchief’s bread;the booty (plunder战利品) The Anglo-Saxon periodwitnessed a transition fromtribal society to feudalism.power of life and death;close relationshipWhat is Anglo-Saxon religious belief?1.The Anglo-Saxons were heathen (异教徒) people, believing in oldmythology of Northern Europe.2.English language was influenced by the Northern mythology.3.The Anglo-Saxons were Christianized in the 7th century. Themonks in the monasteries(修道院)maintained to tinge (affected slightly)the earliest works when copied them.Anglo-Saxon Literature2 groups：the pagan poetry Beowulfthe religious poetry Caedmon Cynewulf8th century, Anglo-Saxon proseAlfred the Great, Venerable Bebe Caedmon: Paraphrase of the Bible, Cynewulf Cynewulf: The ChristAlfred the Great: The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles Venerable Bebe: The Ecclesiastical History of the English PeopleBeowulf《贝尔武甫》1. Beowulf is a national epic of English people2. It is the representative works of the early English literature with 3000 lines.3. Its writer is unknown.What is the plot of the story?Characters in the story:Beowulf: a nephew of king of Gents, a people in Denmark.Hrothgar: king of Denmark. Grendel: a monster.She-monster(⼥妖怪): Grendel’s mother. Dragon: a fire dragon, a monster.● 1. Beowulf is a folk legend brought to England by the Anglo Saxon fromtheir primitive Northern Europe.● 2. Beowulf was passed down from mouth to mouth.● 3. Beowulf was written down in the 10th century.● 4. Beowulf tells many marvelous stories.front: stormy northern ocean back: impenetrable(不能通过的) forestsmonsters beneath the sea,in the marshes in the dark forestsexploits (brave deeds) and voyages against the forces of nature● 5. Beowulf is a grand hero.●1) brave deeds2) faithful to his people● 6. Beowulf reflects the features of the tribal society of ancient times. What are the writing features of Beowulf?1. The most important is in alliterative(头韵的) verse and in artistic form.2. Another is the frequent use of metaphors and understatements(暗含的意义) for ironical humor. Metaphors: ring-giver: kinghearth-companions:attendant warriors whale’s road:seasea-wood:ship Understatement: not troublesome:very welcome Summary for the Literary Works:OthersMinstrels（吟游诗⼈） 1. Widsith 2. Deor’s Lament(哀歌)love 1. The Husband’s Message 2. The Wife’s Complaint sea adventures 1. Sea Farer (sailor) 2. The Wanderer Literary Features of the Anglo-Saxon Period1) secular(⾮宗教的) poetry, non religious poems but with Christian coloring;2) created collectively and orally;3) based on history, legend or events of the time;4) for entertainment;5) for the minstrels吟游诗⼈as a paying profession;6) unknown writers, written down by the monks in the 10th century.Choose the right answer.1. The early inhabitants in the island we now call England were _b__.A. CeltsC. BritainD. English2. In 55 B. C., Roman troops led by __a___ invaded Britain.A. Julius CaesarB. ClaudiusC. King Alfred the GreatD. William3.The Roman occupation in Britain lasted for about __c___ years.A. 200B. 300C. 400D. 5004.Old English came into being by the __d__ century.A. 4thB. 5thC. 6thD. 7th5. In __b__ Britain became a Roman province.A. 55B.C. B. 43 A.D. C. 410 A. D. D. 787 A. D.6.The Anglo-Saxon period ended in _d___.A. 1017B. 1042C. 1016D. 10667.__a__ is an early English poem about the life of the gleeman.A. “Deor’s Lament”B. “The Wife’s ComplaintC. “The Husband’s Message”D. “The Seafarer”8. ____c is an early English poem about love.A. “Deor’s Lament”C. “The Husband’s Message”D. “The Seafarer”9. __b__ is an early English poem about the adventures of the sea.A. “Deor’s Lament”B. “The Wanderer”C. “The Husband’s Message”D. “Beowulf”10. ___d_ is the representative work of the early English literature.A. “Deor’s Lament”B. “The Wanderer”C. “The Husband’s Message”D. “Beowulf”11. Grendel is a monster described in ___c___.A. “Deor’s Lament”B. “Widsith”C. BeowulfD. “The Seafarer”Complete the sentences.1.English language in the Anglo-Saxon period was influenced by theNorthern _mythology2.The Anglo-Saxon poetry belongs to secular poetry, that is non-religiouspoems_ but with Christian coloring.3. __Alliteration is the most important feature in Beowulf.4. Another writing feature in Beowulf is the frequent use of metaphors_and understatements_for ironical humor. Exercises1. How does Old English come into being?2. Comment on Beowulf.3. What are the features of Anglo-Saxon literature4.Preview the medieval English Literature, Langland, Chaucer.English Ballads Oral LiteratureMost of the written literature in feudal England was intended only for upper classes.The English people had a literature of their own, not written but oral—English folk songs.The Ballads●The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad●What is a ballad?● A ballad is a story told in song, usually in __4-line stanzas, withthe _second and fourth_lines rhymedFeatures of English Ballads● 1. The ballads are in various English and Scottish dialects.● 2. They were created collectively and revised when handed down frommouth to mouth.● 3. They are mainly the literature of the peasants.● 4. They give an outlook of the English common people in feudal society. The Subjects of English BalladsVariety in kind:1. struggle of young lovers2. the conflict between love and wealth3. the cruelty of jealousy4. the criticism of the civil war5. the matters of class struggle6. the ballads of Robin HoodThe Robin Hood Balladsvarious ballads of Robin Hood The Geste of Robin Hood (act, deed)valiant (brave) outlaw(逃犯) description of the whole life of the hero archery(射箭), greenwood tree,take from the rich, give to the poor,wage war, hunted by the sheriffs, outwits(智胜)1. The Origin of the Robin Hood Balladsthe perpetual (continuous)struggles of the peasantsthe landlords against the local official the king’s judgesrobbed only the rich, never molested the poorinvincible (战⽆不胜的) archers (⼸箭⼿) tireless (不屈不挠的)idol(偶像)of the country folk saintlike (圣⼈⼀样的) hero2. Character of Robin Hoodstrong, brave, clever, tender-hearted, affectionate,humorous, hearty laugh reverence (respect) for the King hatred for the nobles love for the poor fighting spirit, indomitable courage, revolutionary energydevout(虔诚), orthodox(正统) in religionRead the following.1. The fifteenth century has been traditionally described as the barren age in English literature. But it is the spring tide of English _ballads2. The most famous cycle of English ballads centers on the stories about a legendary outlaw called _ CA. Morte d’ArthurB. Robin HoodC. The Canterbury TalesD. Piers the Plowman Feudal EnglandRevision on Early English Literature Fill in the blanks.1.In 55 B. C., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar , the Roman conqueror.Along with the invasion came the Roman mode of life_ into Britain.2.The _Anglo-Saxon_ period witnessed a transition from tribal societyto feudalism.3. the first Englishmen are usually known as _Angles, Saxons and JutesLanguage spoken by them is called_Old English_, which is the foundation of English language and literature.4. The literature of the Anglo-Saxon period falls naturally into two divisions, _pagan and Christian.5. Beowulf is the oldest surviving epic in the English language.Choose the right answer.The Roman occupation lasted for about 400 years in Britain, and in__d___, all the Roman troops went back to their continent and neverreturned.A. 55B.C. B. 78 A.D. C. 400 A. D. D. 410 A. D.____c_is the first important religious poet in English literature.A. John DonneB. George HerbertC. CaedmonD. MiltonWhen we speak of the old English prose, the first name that comes into our minds is _d___, who is the first scholar in English literature and has been regarded as father of English learning.A. ShakespeareB. BeowulfC. Julius CaesarD. Venerable BebeChapter Three Feudal England Important Points1. The Influence of Norman Conquest on the English Language2. The Content of Romance3. Malory’s Le Morte D’Arthur1)The Norman Conquest1) Danish Invasion 2) The Norman Conquest3)The Influence of the Norman Conquest on the English LanguageThe Norman Conquest (—The Danish Invasion)1. about 787 Danish Vikings (海盗) plundering first, then permanentsettlements(849—901)King Alfred the Great Chronicle《编年史》1) education and literature a monument of Old English prose2) from Latin into English2. 1013, Danes again, 30 years’ occupationThe Norman Conquestin 1066battle in Hastings The Normans, from Northern France, Duke Williamrevolts suppressed;conquest completed; King of EnglandThe Norman Conquest ended the Anglo-Saxon period.The Norman ConquestNorman Conquest ended the Anglo-Saxon established the feudalism The “Domesday Book” 地籍簿confiscated the lands（没收） Anglo-Saxon lords(贵族)a great survey bestowed (赠送给)William I pushed England into the feudal societThe Influence of the Norman Conquest on the English Language ?After the Conquest, the body of customs and ideals known as chivalry was introduced by the Normans into England.The Knightly code, the romantic interest in women, tenderness and reverence (respect) paid to Virgin Mary were reflected in the literature. The Anglo-Saxons, low position; English, despised thing.French words of Warfare and chivalry, art and luxury, science and law, began to come into the English language. at firstLiterature language speakerRomances French nobles, lordsNo written English English subject(⾂民)chronicles,religious poems Latin scholarThe Influence of the Norman Conquest on the English Languagethe end of the 14th century English, dominant languageEnglish structure, English common wordsEnglish absorbed almost the whole body of French words and became the language of the land.Feudal England—Social FeaturesClasses landlords /peasants It was William I who pushed Englandinto the feudal societyruling the Kingthe King’s office church government/secular governmentheretics burnt aliveThe Miseries of the Peasants pauperized1. better than slaves2. Black Death (1348—1349)3. A Statute (法令) of Laborers (1350) low wages4. The war between England and France40 years, expenditure (cost)5. A poll-tax (⼈头税)The Rise of 1381: the rise of peasantsWhere there is depression, there is fight.The leader of the Rise of 1381 were Wat Tyler and John Ball.The Rising was treacherously and bloodily repressed.But the rise had shaken the feudal system in England to the root. John Ball’s Famous Sermon:neither vassals nor lords no more master equalityvelvet, rich stuffs, ermine貂⽪—poor clothing poor and richwines, spices, fine bread—water, rye, junk food miserable lifehandsome seats and manors庄园brave the wind and the rain working in the fieldJohn Ball’s Famous Sermon:What does the sermon tell us?The oppressed had a miserable life, having a quite different way of living with the oppressors in clothing, eating, drinking and housing.So they should fight for equality with the oppressors to have a happy life. John Ball’s famous sermon(布道,说教)What is the sermon essence (实质,本质)? The sermon was not an appeal (呼吁,要求) to the oppressors to mend their way (改过⾃新), but a call to action directed to the oppressed.In a word, it is a call to fight for equality with the oppressors.The Romance1The literature in feudal England was varied in interest and extensive in range.2 The Norman began to write histories or chronicles.3Most of them were written in Latin or French.4The prevailing form ofliterature in the feudal England was the Romance.The Romance—The Content of Romancelanguage spoken by the ancient Romansromance Medieval Latin word: “romanice”/in Old Frenchused in popular courtly(宫廷的，朝廷的) storiestraditional three subjects:the legends about Arthur, Charlemagne and his knights,and stories of classical heroes especially Alexander.The Romance—The Content of RomanceRomance is any imaginative literature that is set in an idealized worldand that deals with heroic adventures and battles between goodcharacters and villains or monsters.Originally, the term referred to a medieval tale dealing with the loveand adventures of kings, queens, knights, and ladies, and includingsupernatural happenings.The Romance—The Content of RomanceRomance lacks general resemblance to truth or reality.It exaggerates the vices of human nature and idealizes the virtues.It contains perilous (dangerous) adventures more or less remote from ordinary life.It lays emphasis on supreme devotion to a fair lady.The Romance—The Content of RomanceThe romance was the most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England.Form: long composition, in verse, in proseContent: description of life and adventures of a noble heroCharacter: knight with chivalry and devoted to the church and the king The Romance Cycles/Groups/Divisions Three Groupsmatters of BritainAdventures of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table matters of France Emperor Charlemagne and his peersmatters of Rome Alexander the Greatand the attacks of TroyThe Romance of King Arthur origin: Celtic legendsbeginning: Geoffrey of Monmouth’sHistory of the Kings of Britain《⼤不列颠国王史》(Latin);Layamon’s Brut 《布鲁特》 (alliterative and rimed English verse) culmination(顶点): Sir Gawain and the Green Knight《⾼⽂爵⼠和绿⾊骑⼠》(metrical romance)Summing up: Thomas Malory’s Le Morte D’Arthur(The Death of King Arthur)《亚⾊王之死》The Class Nature (阶级性) of the Romance●Loyalty to king and lord was the theme of the romances, as loyalty wasthe corner-stone(the most important part 基⽯) of feudal morality.●The romances were composed not for the common but for the noble, ofthe noble, and by the poets patronized (supported 庇护,保护)by the noble. Malory’s Le Morte D’ArthurThomas Malory English country gentleman and soldier, a member ofParliament for Warwickshire in 1445in the War of the Roses, on the side of Lancastriansin 1450, several crimes, to imprisonmentLe Morte D’Arthur, in prisontranslated from FrenchMalory’s Le Morte D’Arthur =The Death of King ArthurKing Arthur a romantic hero/ king of wonders and marvels/victorious battles against Saxons/traced to Celtic chieftain Arthur of Wales/legends made up by medieval poets ,especially French romancersThe Interesting parts of Le Morte D’Arthur1) the adventures of the Knights of the Round Table at Arthur’s court;2) the quest of the Holy Grail;3) the illicit love affair of Sir Launcelot andQueen Guinevere;4) the death of Arthur;5) the dissolution (解除，解散)of fellowship of the Knights of the Round Table(圆桌武⼠).Features of Le Morte D’Arthur1.Malory converted (changed) the long and involved sentences (complicated sentences) of the French romances into simple, idiomaticEnglish prose. 2.Malory told the Arthurian stories in a vivid manner.Le Morte D’Arthur became a 15th-century masterpiece which has amused generations of readers and influenced English poets and writers of latercenturies.Fill in the blanks.1.King Alfred the Great encouraged education- and literature.2. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle was a monument of _Old English prose, encouraged and supervised by King Alfred the Great.3. Wat Tyler and John Ball are the leaders of the Rising of__1381_____.4. The peasants Rising of 1381 had shaken the __feudal_system in England to the root.5. The most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England was the__romance_______.6. The theme of the romances is the loyalty _ to king and lord.7. Malory’s _Le Morte D’Arthur_ was a 15th-century masterpiece which influenced the later writers.8. Malory used simple and idiomatic English prose to translate The Death of King Arthur from French_ into English___. Choose the right answer.The great majority of the romances fall into groups as matters of__d___.A. BritainB. FranceC. RomeD. A,B and C___a___was written in alliterative and rimed English verse.A. Layamon’s BrutB. Malory’s The Death of King ArthurC. King Alfred’s ChronicleD. Geoffrey of Monmouth’s History of Kings of Britain__d___ marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Roman ConquestB. English ConquestC. Danish ConquestD. Norman ConquestExercises 1. What is the influence of Norman Conquest on the Englishlanguage?2. How much do you know about romance? 3. Comment on Le Morte D’Arthur.Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗⾥·乔索the representative writer in the Medieval English literatureGeoffrey Chaucer (1340—1400)Chaucer’s three l iterary periods:1. The first or the French period:1) The Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰传奇》a translation, popular in Middleages2) The Book of the Duchess 《悼公爵夫⼈》, the best work of the time Chaucer’s literary career2. The second or the Italian period:Troilus and Criseyde:《特罗伊拉斯和克莱西德》, a poem of a love story Chaucer’s literary career3. The third or the English period, his best period:The Canterbury Tales 《坎特伯雷故事集》his masterpiece and arepresentative works of the Middle Ages.Troilus and Criseyde《特罗伊拉斯和克莱西德》Chaucer’s longest complete poem about 8000 lines.The poem is from a poem of Baccaccio. The love story of Troilus.Characters of Troilus and CriseydeTroilus: son of the King of Troy Criseyde: beautiful widowPandarus (彭⼤瑞), Calchas (卡尔卡斯), father of Criseyde,a priestuncle of Criseyde, go-between Diomede (戴沃密得), handsome Greek warriorFeatures of Troilus and CriseydeChaucer endowed (赋予) the poem with interest of characters and that of incident.He enriched the story by the vivid and humorous figure of Pandarus and by the development of the character of Criseyde, a fickle woman (易变的⼥⼈).With the poem, he became mature in versification (作诗法;诗体).He is a perfect master of his craft (writing skills).The Canterbury Tales● 1. It has 24 stories.● 2. It is the description of the pilgrims（朝圣者）who tell stories.● 3. It is about the life of ordinary people.● 4. It gives vivid characters, with humor and satire.The Outline and the PrologueOutline of the Story The Prologue (序诗) Tabard (泰巴客店) a framework for the tales 29 (30) pilgrims, to Canterbury vivid sketches of typical figures from allwalks of life24 stories written All major types of medieval literature The Prologue suppliesa miniature(⼩画像) of the English society ofthe timeThe Tales The stories are well suited to the different characters ofthe pilgrims.pathetic (悲哀的); exempla (说教性故事); estate (产业,财产);dreary (沉闷的);monotony (单调);swindling (诈骗的); grisly (恐怖的) ?Sometimes the pilgrims tell stories against each other; sometimes thestories form a group. reeve (地⽅官); friar (托钵修⼠); summoner (召唤⼈);matrimony (婚姻); submitted to (服从); forbearance (忍耐)●The Tales 5. The famous ones are the story of :●1) the wife of Bath（巴斯城的妇⼥）, 2) the Knight（骑⼠）,●3) the Pardoner（卖赎罪卷者）, 4) the Nun’s Priest（尼姑的教⼠）,●5) the Prologue（序诗）.The Wife of Bath （巴斯城的妇⼥）The wife of Bath shows Chaucer’s keen observation and his unsurpasse d (⽆⽐的) talent for characterization.She is the owner of a cloth factory, light-hearted, merry, somewhat vulgar (粗俗的), and exceedingly (⾮常) talkative.It is a vivid sketch (概述) of a woman of the middle class, and a colorful picture of the domestic life of that class in Chaucer’s day.Social SignificanceAffirm men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth.Opposes the dogma (教条) of asceticism (苦⾏主义;禁欲主义)preached by the church.Praise …Expose and satirize…AttackEmphasize the indifference to worldly wealth; the greed anddebauchery(放荡) of all the other clerics(牧师,教⼠).Weak points, e.g. nothing revolutionary in writingChaucer’s language:1. His language is full of humor and satire.2. His language is vivid, exact and smooth, a master of word-pictures.3. He is the first to use heroic couplet which he introduced from France.4. He is the first great poet who wrote in the English language, makingthe dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech. Comment on Chaucer:1. He is the first English short-story teller and the founder of Englishpoetry.2. He is the founder of English realism.3. With humor, irony and satire, he describes the true-to-life characters,like neighbors.4.He is the first to bring the atmosphere of romantic interest about menand women and the daily work of one’s own world.5.He is the master of English language, the greatest in the Middle Ages.What is the “heroic couplet”The heroic couplet is a verse form inepic poetry, with lines of ten syllables and five stresses, in rhymingpairs.英雄诗体：⽤于史诗或叙事诗，每⾏⼗个⾳节，五个⾳部，每两⾏押韵。
新高考山东卷讲解版
1. 重难点词poetry n. 诗歌honorable adj. 光荣的photo biography n. 照片传记disqualification n. 取消资格；无资格format n.格式2. 短语积累up to 多达in memory of 为纪念……by hand 用手mail...to... 用电子邮件发送……到……final flight 最后一次飞行3. 长难句分析①Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.（第一段）分析：本句是一个祈使句，介词about后how引导宾语从句。
译文：写一首诗，描写关于勇气、决心和力量是如何帮你面对生活中的挑战的。
②Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight.（第二段最后一句）分析：本句为主从复合句，主句为Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners，who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰winners。
译文：评委将选出50位二等奖获得者，他们将得到一件纪念埃尔哈特最后一次飞行的T恤。
【答案详解】1. A 细节理解题【解题思路】根据第二段3 Grand Prizes部分第一句“for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice.”可知，获奖者每人可带父/母和另外一位。
由此可知，可带2位。
故选A。
2. C 细节理解题【解题思路】根据第二段中50 Honorable Mentions部分的内容“Judges will…winners, who will each receive a T-shirt…”可知，每位获奖者可得一件T恤。
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第８卷第４期 Ｖｏ１．８ Ｎｏ．４ 读与写杂志
Ｒｃａｄ ａｎｄⅥ，ｒｉｔｅ Ｐｅｒｉｏｄｉｃａｌ ２０１１年４月
Ａｐｒｉｌ ２０１１
ａ ｂａｄ ｌｉｅ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｓｅｍｉ—ｆｉｎ【ａｌ ｒｏｕｎｄ” ｆＦｉｔｚｇｅｒａｌｄ。１９８４：５８）．Ａｎｄ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｓａｍｅ ｄｉｓｒｅｇａｒｄ ｆｏｒ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｍｍｏｎ ｃｏｄｅ ｏｆ ｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒ“ｌｅｆｔ ａ ｂｏｒｒｏｗｅｄ ｃａｒ ｏｕｔ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｒａｉｎ ｗｉｔｈ ｔｈｅ ｔｏｐ ｄｏｗｎ．ａｎｄ ｔｈｅｎ ｌｉｅｄ ａｂｏｕｔ ｉｔ” （Ｆｉｔｚｇｅｒａｌｄ，１９８４：５８）．Ｓｉｍｉｌａｒｌｙ，Ｄａｉｓｙ ｕｔｔｅｒｌｙ ｄｉｓｒｅ— ｇａｒｄｓ ｍｏｒａｌ ｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅｓ： “Ｉｎ Ｆｅｂｒｕａｒｙ ｓｈｅ ｗａｓ ｐｒｅｓｕｍａｂｌｙ ｅｎ— ｇａｇｅｄ ｔｏ ａ ｍａｎ ｆｒｏｍ Ｎｅｗ Ｏｒｌｅａｎｓ”，ｂｕｔ“ｉｎ Ｊｕｎｅ ｓｈｅ ｍａｒｒｉｅｄ Ｔｏｍ Ｂｕｃｈａｎａｎ ｏｆ Ｃｈｉｃａｇｏ，ｗｉｔｈ ｍｏｒｅ ｐｏｍｐ ａｎｄ ｃｉｒｃｕｍｓｔａｎｃｅ ｔｈａｎ Ｌｏｕｉｓｖｉｌｌｅ ｅｖｅｒ ｋｎｅｗ ｂｅｆｏｒｅ” ｒＦｉｔｚｇｅｒａｌｄ．１ ９８４：７６—７７）． Ｗｉｔｈｉｎ ｌｅｓｓ ｔｈａｎ ｏｎｅ ｄａｙ ｓｈｅ ｂｅｔｒａｙｓ ｈｅｒ ｈｕｓｂａｎｄ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ａｆ－ ｔｅｒｎｏｏｎ，ａｎｄ ｔｈｅｎ ｐｌｏｔｓ ｗｉｔｈ ｈｉｍ ａｇａｉｎｓｔ ｈｅｒ ｌｏｖｅｒ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｎｉｇｈｔ． Ｈｅｒ ｃａｒ ａｃｃｉｄｅｎｔ ｉｓ ａｃｔｕａｌｌｙ ｃａｕｓｅｄ ｂｙ ｈｅｒ ｐｓｙｃｈｏｌｏｇｙ ｔｈａｔ ｏｔｈｅｒ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｗｉｌｌ ａｌｗａｙｓ ｂｅ ｅａｒｅｆｕｌ ｅｎｏｕｇｈ ｔｏ ｋｅｅｐ ｏｕｔ ｏｆ ｈｅｒ ｗａｙ（Ｆｉｔｚｇｅｒａｌｄ，１ ９８４：５９）．Ｔｈｉｓ ｉｓ ｅｖｉｄｅｎｃｅ ｅｎｏｕｇｈ ｏｆ ｈｅｒ ｅｇｏ— ｔｉｓｍ ａｎｄ ｉｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｉｂｉｌｉｔｙ． Ｍｏｒｅｏｖｅｒ．Ｄａｉｓｙ’ｓ ｃａｒ ａｃｃｉｄｅｎｔ ｉｓ ｎｏｔ ｔｈｅ ｓｉｎｇｌｅ ｏｎｅ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｎｏｖｅ１．Ａｃｃｉｄｅｎｔｓ ｉｎｖｏｌｖｉｎｇ Ｔｏｍ，Ｍｒｓ．Ｓｗｅｔｔ ａｎｄ Ｊｏｒｄａｎ ａｒｅ ｍｅｎｔｉｏｎｅｄ ｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ．Ｉｎ ａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎ，ｔｈｅ ｎｏｖｅｌ ｇｉｖｅｓ ａ ｄｅｔａｉｌｅｄ ｄｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ａ ｆａｒｃｉｃａｌ ｃａｒ ａｃｃｉｄｅｎｔ．ｗｈｉｃｈ ｉｓ ｆｕ１１ ｏｆ ｓｙｎｔｈｏｌｉｃ ｍｅａｎｉｎｇｓ．Ｉｔ ｏｃｃｕｒｓ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｎｉｇｈｔ ｗｈｅｎ Ｎｉｃｋ ｉｓ ｉｎｖｉｔｅｄ ｔｏ Ｇａｔｓ— ｂｙ’ｓ ｌａｖｉｓｈ ｐａｒｔｙ．ａｎｄ ｗｈｅｎ ｉｔ ｉｓ ｏｖｅｒ ｈｅ ｃｏｍｅｓ ａｃｒｏｓｓ“ａ ｂｉｚａｒｒｅ ａｎｄ ｔｕｍｕｌｔｕｏｕｓ ｓｃｅｎｅ” ｆＦｉｔｚｇｅｒａｌｄ．１９８４：５４）．Ｉｔ ｔｕｒｎｓ ｏｕｔ ｔｈａｔ ｏｎｅ ｗｈｅｅｌ ｏｆ ａ ｃｅｒｔａｉｎ ｃａｒ ｃｏｍｅｓ ｏｆｆ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｃａｒ ｇｏｅｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｄｉｔｃｈ．Ｔｈｅ ｍａｎ ｗｈｏ ｇｅｔｓ ｏｕｔ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｃａｒ．ｄｅｓｐｉｔｅ ｏｔｈｅｒｓ’ ｒｅｐｅａｔｅｄ ｗａｒｎｉｎｇｓ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ｗｈｅｅｌ ｉｓ ｏｆｆ，ｉｎｓｉｓｔｓ ｏｎ ｂａｃｋｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｃａｒ ｏｕｔ ａｎｄ ｄｒｉｖｉｎｇ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｇａｓ ｓｔａｔｉｏｎ，ａｒｇｕｉｎｇ “ｎｏ ｈａｒｍ ｉｎ ｔｒｙｉｎｇ” （Ｆｉｔｚｇｅｒａｌｄ，１９８４：５６）．Ｈｉｓ ｓｉｌｌｙ ｏｂｓｔｉｎａｃｙ ｉｓ ａｃｔｕａｌｌｙ ａ ｓａｔｉｒｅ ｏｎ Ｇａｔｓｂｙ’ｓ ｓｔｕｂｂｏｒｎｎｅｓｓ ｉｎ ｒｅｖｉｖｉｎｇ ｈｉｓ ｏｌｄ ｄｒｅａｍ ｗｉｔｈ Ｄａｉｓｙ．Ｗｈｉｌｅ ｔｈｅ ｄｒｕｎｋｅｎ ｄｒｉｖｅｒ ｉｓ “ｂｌｉｎｄｅｄ ｂｙ ｔｈｅ ｇｌａｒｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｈｅａｄｌｉｇｈｔｓ ａｎｄ ｃｏｎｆｕｓｅｄ ｂｙ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｃｅｓｓａｎｔ ｇｒｏａｎｉｎｇ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｈｏｒｎｓ” （Ｆｉｔｚｇｅｒａｌｄ，１９８４：５５），Ｇａｔｓｂｙ ｉｓ ｂｌｉｎｄｅｄ ｂｙ ｔｈｅ ｇｒｅｅｎ ｌｉｇｈｔ ａｃｒｏｓｓ ｔｈｅ ｂａｙ ａｎｄ ｃｏｎｆｕｓｅｄ ｂｙ Ｄａｉｓｙ’ｓ ｖｏｉｃｅ．ｗｈｉｃｈ ｉｓ “ｆｕＩｌ ｏｆ ｍｏｎｅｙ”．Ｗｈｉｌｅ ｔｈｅ ａｃｃｉｄｅｎｔ ｓｃｅｎｅ ｉｓ ｔｕｍｕｌｔｕｏｕｓ ｗｉｔｈ ｈｕｂｂｕｂ ａｎｄ ｓｈｒｉｅｋｉｎｇ ｈｏｒｎｓ．Ｇａｔｓｂｙ ‘‘ｓｔｏｏｄ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｐｏｒｃｈ”ｏｆ ｈｉｓ ｈｏｕｓｅ ｉｎ “ｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｅ ｉｓｏｌａｔｉｏｎ” ｆＦｉｔｚｇｅｒａｌｄ．１９８４：５６）．Ｔｈｉｓ ｓｃｅｎｅ ａｃｔｕａｌｌｙ ｆｏｒｅｂｏｄｅｓ Ｇａｔｓｂｙ’ｓ ｂｌｅａｋ．ｍｉｓｅｒａｂｌｅ ｄｅｓｔｉｎｙ．Ｉｎ ｔｈｉｓ ａｃｃｉｄｅｎｔ．ｔｈｅ ｓｏｌｅ ｏｎｅ ｗｈｏ ｉｓ ｃｌｅａｒ—ｈｅａｄｅｄ ｉｓ ｔｈｅ “ｏｗｌ— ｅｙｅｄ”，ｔｈｅ ｌａｔｅ ｐａｔｒｏｎ ｏｆ Ｇａｔｓｂｙ’ｓ ｌｉｂｒａｒｙ．Ｇｅｔｔｉｎｇ ｏｕｔ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｃａｒ ｈｅ ｉｍｍｅｄｉａｔｅｌｙ ｃａｌｌｓ ｏｕｔ： “Ｓｅｅ！ Ｉｔ ｗｅｎｔ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｄｉｔｃｈ！” ｆＦｉｔｚｇｅｒａｌｄ，１９８４：５４）Ａｔ ｔｈｅ ｅｎｄ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｎｏｖｅ１．ａｓ ｔｈｅ ｏｎｌｙ ｇｕｅｓｔ ｗｈｏ ａｔｔｅｎｄｓ Ｇａｔｓｂｙ’ｓ ｂｌｅａｋ ｆｕｎｅｒａｌ。ｈｅ ｍａｋｅｓ ａ ｓｈｒｅｗｄ ｊｕｄｇｍｅｎｔ ｏｆ Ｇａｔｓｂｙ ｉｎ ｏｎｅ ｐｉｔｈｙ ｐｈｒａｓｅ： “ｔｈｅ ｐｏｏｒ ｓｏｎ—ｏｆ＿ａ— ｂｉｔｃｈ！”ｆＦｉｔｚｇｅｒａｌｄ。１９８４：１ ７６１ Ｔｈｉｓ ｆａｒｅｉｅａｌ ｅａｒ ａｃｃｉｄｅｎｔ ｅｃｈｏｅｓ ｔｈｅ ｒｅａｌ ｔｒａｇｉｃ ａｃｃｉｄｅｎｔ ｗｈｉｃｈ ｈａｐｐｅｎｓ ｌａｔｅｒ ｔｏ ｍａｋｅ ｔｈｅ ｎｏｖｅｌ ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌｌｙ ｂａｌａｎｃｅｄ ａｎｄ ｂｒｉｎｇ ｏｕｔ ｔｈｅ ｖａｒｉｏｕｓ ｉｍｐｌｉｅｄ ｍｅａｎ。 － ｉｎｇｓ ｆｏｒ ｔｈｅ ｒｅａｄｅｒ．
５ Ｃｏｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎ Ｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｆａｔｕａｔｉｏｎ ｗｉｔｈ ｔｈｅ ｃａｒ ｉｎｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｐｕｒｓｕｉｔ ｏｆ “ｔｈｅ Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ ｄｒｅａｍ”．Ｆｉｔｚｇｅｒａｌｄ ｂｉｔｔｅｒｌｙ ｃｒｉｔｉｃｉｚｅｓ ｔｈｅ Ａｍｅｒｉ． ｃａｎ ｖａｌｕｅｓ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｍｅａｎｓ Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓ ｔａｋｅ ｔｏ ａｃｈｉｅｖｅ ｔｈｅｉｒ ｌｉｆｅ ｇｏａｌｓ．Ｔｈｅ ｓｏ—ｃａｌｌｅｄ “Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ ｄｒｅａｍ”ｉｎｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｅｓ ｎｏｔ ｏｎｌｙ ｒｉｓｉｎｇ ｓｏｃｉａｌ ｓｔａｔｕｓ ａｎｄ ｇｒｏｗｉｎｇ ｗｅａｌｔｈ，ｂｕｔ ａｌｓｏ ｔｈｅ ａｓｐｉｒａｔｉｏｎ ｆｏｒ ａ ｌｉｆｅ ｆｒｅｅｄ ｆｒｏｍ ｔｈｅ ｓｈａｃｋｌｅｓ ｏｆ ｃｏｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎ．ａ ｌｉｆｅ ｃｈａｒａｃ． ｔｅｒｉｚｅｄ ｂｙ ｄａｒｉｎｇ ａｄｖｅｎｔｕｒｅｓ ａｎｄ ｃｅａｓｅｌｅｓｓ ｅｘｐｌｏｒａｔｉｏｎ．Ａ１１ ｔｈｉｓ ｉｓ ｆａｉｔｈｆｕｌｌｙ ｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｅｄ ｂｙ ｔｈｅ ｃａｒ ｗｈｉｃｈ，ｂｅｓｉｄｅｓ ｓｙｍｂｏｌｉｚｉｎｇ ｓｏｃｉａｌ ｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｓ ａｎｄ ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌ ｗｅａｌｔｈ．ｃａｒｒｉｅｓ ｔｈｅ ａｄｖｅｎｔｕｒｏｕｓ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｏｎｗａｒｄ ｔｏ ｔｈｅｉｒ ｉｄｅａｌｉｚｅｄ ｆｒｅｅ ｓｔａｔｅ ｗｉｔｈ ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇ ｓｐｅｅｄ ａｎｄ ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ．Ｗｉｔｌ１ ｃａｒ ａｃｃｉｄｅｎｔｓ ａｓ ａ ｍｅｔａｐｈｏｒ．Ｆｉｔｚｇｅｒ－ ａｌｄ ｃｒｉｔｉｃａｌｌｙ ｒｅｖｅａｌｓ ｔｈｅ ｔｅｒｒｉｂｌｅ ｃｏｓｔ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｈａｖｅ ｔｏ ｐａｙ ｆｏｒ ｓｕｃｈ ｔｅｍｐｔａｔｉｏｎｓ． Ｒｅｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓ： 【１］Ｆｒａｎｃｉｓ Ｓｃｏｔｔ Ｆｉｔｚｇｅｒａｌｄ．Ｔｈｅ Ｇｒｅａｔ Ｇａｔｓｂｙ【Ｍ］．Ｎｅｗ Ｙｏｒｋ： Ｃｈａｒｌｅｓ Ｓｃｒｉｂｎｅｒ’ｓ Ｓｏｎｓ．１９８４． 【２】常耀信．美国文学简史『Ｍ１．天津：南开大学出版社，１９９５． 【３】李佳．盖茨比作为替罪羊的原型解读［Ｉ］．吉林农业科技学院 学报．２０１０；３；１ １３—１ １４． 【４】夏弘容．美国梦一论《了不起的盖茨比》中象征手法的运用 ． 海外英语．２０１０；１０；１８９－１９１．
作者简介：先蕾（１９８０－），女，河南南阳人，助教，学士，主要从事 基础英语教学。
ｆ上接４页１ ｔｗｏ ｖｅｒｓｉｏｎｓ． Ｗｉｔｈ ｒｅｇａｒｄ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｒｅｓｔ ｏｆ ｐｒｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎａｌ ｇｒｏｕｐｓ，Ｊｉａ’ｓ ３ Ｃｏｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎ ｖｅｒｓｉｏｎ ｏｕｇｈｔ ｔｏ ｂｅ ｍｏｒｅ ｒｉｇｉｄ ａｎｄ ｖｉｖｉｄ ｔｈａｎ Ｌｉｕ’ｓ ｖｅｒｓｉｏｎ．Ｔｈｅ ｔｈｅｏｒｙ ｏｆ Ｃｏｎｔｒａｓｔｉｖｅ Ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ（ＣＡ）ｉｓ ｂａｓｅｄ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ Ｅｘ．３．Ｔｈｅｒｅ ａｒｅ ｍａｎｙ Ｂｅｔｈｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｗｏｒｌｄ．ｓｈｙ ａｎｄ ｑｕｉｅｔ。 ｓｉｔｔｉｎｇ ｉｎ ｃｏｒｎｅｒｓ ｔｉｌｌ ｎｅｅｄｅｄ ａｎｄ ｌｉｖｉｎｇ ｆｏｒ ｏｔｈｅｒｓ ｓｏ ｃｈｅｅｒｆｕｌｌｙ ｔｈａｔ ｎｏ ｏｎｅ ｓｅｅｓ ｔｈｅ ｓａｃｒｉｒｉｃｅｓ ｔｉｌｌ ｔｈｅ ｌｉｔｔｌｅ ｃｒｉｃｋｅｔ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｈｅａｒｔｈ ｓｔｏｐｓ ｃｈｉｒｐｉｎｇ，ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｓｗｅｅｔ，ｓｕｎｓｈｉｎｙ ｐｒｅｓｅｎｃｅ ｖａｎｉｓｈｅｓ，ｌｃａｖｉｎｇ ｓｉｌｅｎｃｅ ａｎｄ ｓｈａｄｏｗ ｂｅｈｉｎｄ．ｆＰ３３１ Ｊｉａ：世界上不知有多少贝丝，羞涩，娴静．躲在角落里，有人 需要她时才露面，甘心情愿地为他人活着，没人留心她们做出的 牺牲，直到炉边的小蟋蟀消歇了唧唧之声，芳香温煦，一去不返， 只留下一片沉寂和空虚 （Ｐ３８） Ｌｉｕ：世界上有许许多多个贝思，腼腆娴静，默默居于一角， 需要时才挺身而出．乐于为别人而牺牲自己 Ａ＿４Ｊ＇１只看到她们脸 上的笑容．却没有意识到她们所做出的牺牲．直到炉边的小蟋蟀 停上了吟唱，和美的阳光消逝而去．空剩下一片寂静和黑暗 （Ｐ４０） Ｌｉｎｇｕｉｓｔｓ ａｇｒｅｅ ｔｈａｔ Ｅｎｇｌｉｓｈ ｆｏｃｕｓｅｓ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｆｏｒｍ ｗｉｔｈ ｏｎｌｙ ｏｎｅ ｐｒｅｄｉｃａｔｅ ｉｎ ａ ｓｅｎｔｅｎｃｅ ｗｈｉｌｅ Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ ｐｒｅｆｅｒｓ ｔｏ ｓｅｍａｎｔｉｃｓ ｗｉｔｈ ｔｈｅ ｐｅｒｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｍｏｒｅ ｔｈａｎ ｏｎｅ ｖｅｒｂ ｉｎ ａ ｓｅｎｔｅｎｃｅ ｕｎｉｔ． “Ｓｉｔｔｉｎｇ”．’’ｌｉｖｉｎｇ”ａｎｄ “ｌｅａｖｉｎｇ”ａｒｅ ｍａｄｅ ｕｓｅ ｏｆ ｉｎ ｏｒｄｅｒ ｔｏ ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓ ａ ｓｅｒｉｅｓ ｏｆ ａｃｔｉｏｎｓ．Ｔｈｅｙ ａｒｅ ｃａｌｌｅｄ ａｓ ｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐｌｅ ａｔ ｔｈｅ ｇｒａｍｍａｔｉｃａｌ ａｓｐｅｃｔ．Ｉｎ Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ，ｍｏｒｅ ｔｈａｎ ｏｎｅ ｖｅｒｂ ｅｘｉｓｔ ｉｎ ａ ｓｅｎｔｅｎｃｅ ａｔ ｔｈｅ ｓａｍｅ ｇｒａｍｍａｔｉｃａｌ ｌｅｖｅｌ ｉｓ ｖｉｅｗｅｄ ａｓ ａｃｃｅｐｔａｂｌｅ． Ａｓ ａ ｃｏｎｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅ，ｔｈｅ ｓｔａｔｉｖｅ ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐｌｅ ｇｒｏｕｐｓ ｗａｓ ｔｒａｎｓｍｉｔｔｅｄ ｉｎｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｄｙｎａｍｉｃ ｖｅｒｂｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒｉｓｍ ａｎｄ ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｉｓｍ，ｗｈｉｃｈ ｈｏｌｄｓ ｔｈｅ ｏｐｉｎｉｏｎ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ｆｏｒｅｉｇｎ ｌａｎｇｕａｇｅ ａｃｑｕｉｓｉｔｉｏｎ ｓｈｏｕｌｄ ｂｅ ａ ｔｒａｎｓｆｅｒ ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ ｆｒｏｍ ｔｈｅ ｎａｔｉｖｅ ｌａｎｇｕａｇｅ ｃｏｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎｓ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｔａｒｇｅｔ ｌａｎｇｕａｇｅ ｏｎｅｓ （Ｘｕ，２００５：２８９）．Ｇｉｖｅｎ ｔｈｉｓ ｒｅａｓｏｎ，ｉｔ ｉｓ ｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｄ ｔｈａｔ ｅｒｒｏｒｓ ｏｕｇｈｔ ｔｏ ｂｅ ｕｎａｖｏｉｄａｂｌｅ ｄｕｒｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ ｏｆ ｌｅａｒｎｅｒｓ’ ｌａｎｇｕａｇｅ ａｃｑｕｉｓｉｔｉｏｎ．Ｔｈｅ ｔａｓｋｓ ｅｎｔｉｔｌｅｄ ｔｏ ｆｏｒｅｉｇｎ ｌａｎｇｕａｇｅ ｔｅａｃｈｅｒｓ ａｒｅ ｔｏ ｆｉｇｕｒｅ ｏｕｔ ｔｈｅ ｃａｕｓｅｓ ｏｆ ｔｈｅｉｒ ｍａｋｉｎｇ ｅｒｒｏｒｓ ｓｏ ａｓ ｔｏ ｐｒｅｖｅｎｔ ｔｈｅｍ ｆｒｏｍ ｍａｋｉｎｇ ｍｉｓｔａｋｅｓ ａｇａｉｎ．Ａｎｄ ｍａｋｉｎｇ ｃｏｎｔｒａｓｔ ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ ｌｅａｒｎｅｒｓ’ｎａｔｉｖｅ ｌａｎｇｕａｇｅ ａｎｄ ｔａｒｇｅｔ ｌａｎｇｕａｇｅ ｓｅｅｍｓ ｔｏ ｂｅ ａｎ ｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅ ｗａｙ ｔｏ ａｃｈｉｅｖｅ ｔｈｉｓ ｇｏａ１．Ｉｎ ａ ｗｏｒｄ， ＣＡ ｈａｄ，ｈａｓ ａｎｄ ｅｖｅｎ ｗｉｌ１ ｈａｖｅ ａ ｐｅｄａｇｏｇｉｃａｌ ｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｓ ｏｒ ｉｍｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ ｔｏ ｆｏｒｅｉｇｎ ｌａｎｇｕａｇｅ ｔｅａｃｈｉｎｇ．