History of the Modern World Chapter 10 The Second World War

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(完整word版)英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答案-简答题(美国部分)(word文档良心出品)

第三大题Chapter 81.How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small po pulation .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely popul ated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 2 0% of the nation’s population.2.Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were wil ling to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.Chapter 91.Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countr ies were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to pr ovide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Ja panese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2.What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3.What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in or der to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be el iminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of busine ss.Chapter 101.What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2.What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. ci tizen for no less than seven years.3.What are the major powers of the supreme court?a)to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c)to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national lawsd)may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional.4.What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and empha size full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong so cial security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the govern ment control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete govern ment social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.Chapter 111.What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a va riety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regi onal patterns of development in America had become clear.2.How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . nor thern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahe ad.3.Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only adv ance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relations hip with other nations.Chapter 121.How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2.What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3.What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successfu l or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4.What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1 620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebrati on to thank god and the native Americans.第四大题Chapter 81．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation,but a nation of nations.The immigrants came in wa ves,including the Europeans,the Africans and the Asians.Therefore,America is described as a"melting pot"where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture.Rece ntly,America has been called a"salad bowl"in that people of difference races and ethnic group s mix harmoniously,but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolera nt toward different cultures.People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respe ct each other.Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated.At t he same time the immigrants should keep their own language,customs and religion,contributi ng to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91.What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property.In the North,with the develo pment of industry,there was a growing demand for free labor.What’s more,the Northerners d emanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads.But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase ch eaper goods from foreign countries.The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2.What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars,America remained neutral in the early stage.However, America ns continued their profitable trade with the warring countries.Therefore,they not only retained their military forces,but also accumulated great wealth.When America entered the wars,it was almost at the end of the wars.By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America grea tly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101.How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the Americanelection?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for preside ncy.To win a presidential election,a candidate has to spend millions of dollars,travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival.The general election is technically divided into two stages.During the first stage,presidential electors for each state will be chosen.In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President.Since the second stage isonly a kind of formality,everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first st age is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns.And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2.What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War.He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war.He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reli able anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened.The CIA helped topple the govern ments of Iran and Guatemala,but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia.In addition,E isenhower used U.S.power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam,which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111.How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S.Constitution,as an economic charter,established that the entire nation was a unified or "common"market.There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce.It provided thatthe federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws,create money and regulate its value,fix standards of weight s and measures,establish post office and roads,and fix rules governing patents and copyrights.The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual propert y",a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thce ntury.2.Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic dev elopment.In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in Ame rican history.President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis.Beside s,he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless.At the end of 1970s, the American eco nomy again suffered a recession.The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit,cutting taxes and raising interest rates.Both policies mentioned a bove helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course,In all,the interven tion of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people.It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system,dampened the effects of inflation andstimulated economic growth.Chapter 121.What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possi ble .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control .The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conc eive new ways to understand what is already known .2.How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures.Curre nt textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success.Struggle fo r equality are vividly depicted,and past racism is bluntly acknowledged.Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer stud ents opportunities to learn about different cultures.。

孤独的阅读者西方文明简史英文精读

孤独的阅读者西方文明简史英文精读全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: The Lonely Reader - A Summary of "A Short History of Western Civilization"Introduction:In the world of modern technology and fast-paced living, finding time to sit down with a good book and explore the depths of human history can often seem like a luxury. However, for the avid reader who thrives on learning and knowledge, delving into the pages of a well-written history book can provide a sense of connection with the past and a deeper understanding of the present. In this summary, we will explore the key themes and ideas presented in "A Short History of Western Civilization" and delve into the world of the lonely reader who seeks solace in the pages of a book.Chapter 1: The Origins of Western CivilizationThe first chapter of the book outlines the origins of Western civilization, tracing its roots back to ancient Greece and Rome. The reader is introduced to the key figures and events thatshaped the development of Western culture, from the democratic ideals of Ancient Athens to the military conquests of the Roman Empire. As the lonely reader immerses themselves in the pages of this chapter, they are transported back in time to a world of philosophical debates, epic battles, and groundbreaking discoveries.Chapter 2: The Age of EnlightenmentMoving on to the Age of Enlightenment, the reader is introduced to a period of great intellectual and cultural upheaval in Western history. From the scientific revolution to the rise of secularism, the Enlightenment era brought about profound changes in the way people viewed the world. The lonely reader finds solace in the ideas of thinkers like Voltaire, Rousseau, and Locke, who challenged traditional beliefs and championed reason and rationality.Chapter 3: The Industrial RevolutionThe next chapter explores the Industrial Revolution, a period of rapid industrialization and urbanization that transformed Western societies in the 19th century. The lonely reader is captivated by the stories of inventors and entrepreneurs who revolutionized manufacturing and transportation, ushering in a new era of economic growth and social change. As they readabout the struggles of factory workers and the rise of labor unions, the reader gains a deeper appreciation for the complexities of modern society.Chapter 4: The World Wars and BeyondThe final chapter of the book examines the impact of the two World Wars on Western civilization and the subsequent challenges faced by post-war societies. The lonely reader is confronted with the horrors of war, the devastation of human lives, and the struggles for peace and reconciliation. As they read about the rise of totalitarian regimes, the Cold War, and the fight for civil rights, the reader is reminded of the enduring resilience of the human spirit in the face of adversity.Conclusion:In conclusion, "A Short History of Western Civilization" offers a comprehensive overview of the key events and developments that have shaped the course of Western history. Through the eyes of the lonely reader, we have explored the highs and lows of Western civilization, from the heights of ancient empires to the challenges of the modern world. As the reader closes the book and reflects on the lessons learned, they are reminded of the power of knowledge, empathy, and understanding in bridging the gap between past and present. The lonely reader may be justone individual in a vast and complex world, but through the act of reading and learning, they find connection, solace, and a sense of belonging in the pages of a book.篇2The Lonely Reader: A Brief History of Western CivilizationIntroductionReading has always been a solitary activity. The act of immersing oneself in the world of words and ideas requires solitude and introspection. In the modern age, with the advent of technology and social media, the experience of reading has become increasingly isolated. The traditional image of the solitary reader, lost in a book, has been replaced by the distracted consumer of online content. However, the essence of reading as a solitary pursuit remains the same. In this essay, we will explore the history of reading in Western civilization, and the role of the solitary reader in shaping that history.Ancient Greece and RomeThe roots of Western civilization can be traced back to ancient Greece and Rome. In these ancient societies, reading was a common pastime among the educated elite. The Greeks and Romans valued the pursuit of knowledge and wisdom, andreading was seen as a way to acquire these virtues. In ancient Greece, reading was linked to the practice of philosophy, with philosophers such as Socrates and Plato advocating for the importance of contemplation and self-reflection. The Romans, too, valued reading as a means of self-improvement and intellectual growth.Middle AgesDuring the Middle Ages, reading became associated with religion and spirituality. The Bible was the most important text in Western civilization, and reading it was seen as a way to connect with the divine. Monks and scholars spent hours in quiet contemplation, poring over the sacred texts and meditating on their meanings. The act of reading became a form of worship, a way to commune with God in the solitude of the monastery.RenaissanceThe Renaissance was a period of great intellectual and cultural flourishing in Western civilization. The printing press was invented in the 15th century, making books more widely available to the general public. This democratization of reading led to an explosion of literacy and knowledge among the masses. The Renaissance humanists, such as Erasmus and Montaigne, championed the idea of the solitary reader as a seeker of truthand enlightenment. Reading became a way to explore the world and expand one's horizons, a solitary pursuit that could lead to personal growth and self-discovery.EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment was a period of great social and political upheaval in Western civilization. The rise of reason and science challenged traditional beliefs and doctrines, leading to a new emphasis on individuality and freedom. The Enlightenment thinkers, such as Voltaire and Rousseau, saw reading as a way to educate oneself and empower oneself. The solitary reader became a symbol of intellectual independence and critical thinking, a way to resist the dogmas and superstitions of the past.Modern EraIn the modern era, reading has become more accessible than ever before. The rise of the internet and technology has transformed the way we consume information and literature. The solitary reader is now faced with a barrage of distractions and temptations, from social media to streaming services. However, the essence of reading as a solitary pursuit remains the same. The act of immersing oneself in a book, of losing oneself in theworld of words and ideas, is still a powerful and transformative experience.ConclusionThe history of Western civilization is intertwined with the history of reading. The solitary reader has played a central role in shaping our culture and society, from ancient Greece to the modern era. In a world that is increasingly connected and interconnected, the act of reading remains a solitary pursuit, a way to escape the noise and distractions of the modern world. The lonely reader, lost in a book, is a symbol of the power of literature and the enduring value of solitude in an increasingly busy and crowded world.篇3The Lonely Reader: A Brief History of Western Civilization in EnglishIntroductionIn today's fast-paced and interconnected world, finding time to read has become a luxury for many. However, for the lonely reader, delving into the pages of a book is not just a pastime – it is a way of life. In this essay, we will explore the evolution ofWestern civilization through the lens of literature, from ancient classics to modern bestsellers.Ancient Classics: The Foundation of Western CivilizationThe roots of Western civilization can be traced back to ancient Greece and Rome, where philosophers, poets, and playwrights laid the groundwork for the culture that would shape the Western world. From the epic poems of Homer to the philosophical dialogues of Plato, these ancient texts continue to influence our understanding of ethics, politics, and human nature.Medieval Literature: The Age of FaithDuring the Middle Ages, literacy was largely confined to the clergy and the nobility, who preserved and transmitted the knowledge of the ancient world. The Bible, as well as works of theology and philosophy, played a central role in shaping the beliefs and values of medieval society. The vibrant tradition of courtly romance also emerged during this period, reflecting the ideals of chivalry and courtly love.The Renaissance: A Rebirth of LearningThe Renaissance marked a period of renewed interest in the literature and thought of the ancient world. Humanist scholarssuch as Erasmus and Thomas More sought to revive the classical tradition, while poets like Dante and Petrarch pioneered new forms of expression. The printing press, invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century, made books more accessible to a wider audience, fueling the spread of ideas and knowledge.The Enlightenment: Reason and RevolutionIn the 18th century, the Enlightenment brought a new emphasis on reason, science, and individual rights. Thinkers such as Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau challenged traditional authorities and championed the ideals of freedom and equality. The novel, a new literary form that captured the complexities of human experience, gained popularity with writers like Defoe, Richardson, and Fielding.The Modern Era: From World Wars to GlobalizationThe 20th century witnessed unprecedented upheavals and transformations, from the devastation of two world wars to the rise of new technologies and ideologies. Modernist writers like Joyce, Woolf, and Faulkner experimented with narrative form and language in response to the dislocations of modern life. Postcolonial voices, such as Achebe, Rushdie, and Adichie, challenged Eurocentric perspectives and expanded the boundaries of literary expression.ConclusionAs the Lonely Reader immerses themselves in the rich tapestry of Western literature, they discover not only the diversity of human experience but also the enduring themes and values that have shaped Western civilization. From the ancient wisdom of Homer to the postmodernist provocations of Pynchon, the pages of a book offer a portal into the past, present, and future of our shared cultural heritage. So, let us raise a toast to the Lonely Reader, for whom the solace of a good book is a sanctuary in a busy world.。

外研社美国文学史及选读(第三版)(第二册)教学课件0 Part V-Introduction

After the First World War a group of new American dramatists emerged, and the American theater ceased to be wholly dependent on the dramatic traditions of Europe. Experimental playwrights, hostile to outworn and timid theatrical convention, created works of tragedy, stark realism, and social protest. Early in the 1920s the most prominent of the new American playwrights, Eugene Gladstone O’Neill, established an international reputation with such plays as The Emperor Jones (1920) and The Haiuction
Waste Land, the most significant American poem of the 20th century, helped to establish a modern tradition of literature rich with learning and allusive thought.
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American society. Early in the century Ezra Pound and T. S. Eliot published works that would change the nature of American poetry, but their impact (and that of other modernist writers) on the general reading public was slight. The genteel tradition and popular romanticism still dominated the nation’s literary tastes.

英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答案(全部)

判断题Chapter 11.People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country.(F)2.The Severn River is the longest river of Britain, which originates in Wales and flowsthrough western England.(T)3.Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language. (F)4.In terms of population and area, Northern Ireland is the second largest part of Britain.(F)5.Although the climate in Britain is generally mild, the temperature in northern Scotlandoften falls below -10℃ in January . (F)6.The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons.(T)7.The Celtic people were the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.(T)8.English evolved into what is now described as Modern English from the late 16thcentury.(F)Chapter 21.British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T)2.The Anglo-Saxons came to Britain in the 5th century.(T)3.The chief or king of the Anglo-Saxons tribes exercised power at their own will. (F)4.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T)5.HenryⅡ built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T)6.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and thetownspeople.(F)7.The Hundred Years’War (1337-1453) was a series of wars fought between the British andthe Vikings for trade and territory.(F)8.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions, QueenElizabethⅠactually defended the fruit of the Reformation.(T)Chapter 31.Conventions are regarded less important than the statutory law in the working of theBritish government.(T)2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F)3.In reality, the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F)4.The British Parliament is the law-making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.(F)5.The members of the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F)6.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T)7.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties inParliament.(F)8.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar interms of law, organization and practice.(T)Chapter 41.British was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T)2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the post-war period.(T)3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems thatprevented rapid economic development in Britain after World WarⅡ.(F)4.Thatcher’s revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all the Britisheconomic and social problems.(F)5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair was different from that of the old LaborParty and the Conservative Party.(T)6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics from economicpolicy.(T)7.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.(F)8.Nuclear power is one of the major energy source in Britain.(T)Chapter 51.The British government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s.(F)cation in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15.(F)3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and the independentsystem.(F)4.When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a national GCSEexamination.(T)5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enter famousuniversities than those from independent schools.(T)6.The Times is the wo rld’s oldest Sunday newspapers.(F)7.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.(F)8.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark important events in the Christian calendar,and some others are related to local customs and traditions.(T)Chapter 81.The eastern highlands formed by the Appalachians hold one third of the country's continental territory.(F)2.The climate in the United States can be classified as temperate,with some mild subtropical and tropical zones.(T)3.Almost through the middle of the United States, north to south,runs a well--known 50-centimeter rainfall line.(T)4.New York is the commercial and financial center of the United States , and it is composed of five boroughs including Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Staten Island, and Queens.(T)5.San Francisco is the second largest city after New York and the world famous Hollywoodand Disneyland are located here.(F)6.During the 1830s and 1840s, many northern Europeans and Irish immigrants came to America.(T)7.Almost half of the immigrants coming to the United States in the 1980s were Asians.(T)8.Basic American cultural values are freedom, equality and desire to work hard for a higher standard of living.(T)Chapter 91.America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after Columbus.(T)2.The second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the Continental Army and Navy were founded under the command of Thomas Jefferson.(F)3.The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was a single, indivisible nation.(T)4.Most American people approved of the Vietnam War.(F)5.In 1990, American troops and the troops from allied nations launched Operation DesertStorm in order to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.(T)6.According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden were responsible for the terrorist event on September11,2001.(F)7.The America government regarded Iraq a nation among the "axis of evil".(T)8.On March 19,2003,American and United Nation's troops, supported by several other countries, began an invasion of Iraq.(F)Chapter 101.The Bill of Rights was written into the Constitution in 1787.(F)2.The form of American government is based on three main principles: federalism, the separation of powers, and respect for the Constitution and the rule of law.(T)3.The U.S. Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and it consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.(F)4.The judicial branch of the federal government consists of a series of courts: the SupremeCourt, the courts of appeals and the district courts.(T)5.The Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology.(F)6.The American presidential campaign adheres to the "winner-take-all" practice.(T)7.The American foreign policy throughout the World War II was neutrality.(F)8.The American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and intervention.(T)Chapter 111.America is the world's largest industrial nation.(T)2.In the U.S. Constitution, the recognition of the importance of "intellectual property" could be identified.(T)3.Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the owners of plantation in the South made more profits from selling their agriculture products.(F)4.President Roosevelt's New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economic crisis in theearly 1930s.(F)5.The 1960s was a period of consolidation for the American businesses.(F)6.American agricultural exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus in the agricultural balance of trade.(T)7.Auto production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturing industry.(T)8.The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreigntrade.(F)Chapter 12cation is governed by state and local governments instead of the national government in America.(T)2.All American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public education.(T)3. After 12 years of schooling, American students receive a bachelor's degree at graduation.(F)4.When selecting a college or university, undergraduate students have a great concern forits size, location and academic quality.(T)ually, an undergraduate student has to earn 120 credits to receive a degree.(T)6.Yale university is the second eldest institution of higher learning in the United States.(F)7.It is The New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate Scandal in 1972 through theefforts of two reporters.(F)8.Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November.(F)选择题Chapter 1 ABDC DACC1.The two main islands of the British Isles are .A. Great Britain and IrelandB. Great Britain and ScotlandC. Great Britain and WalesD. Great Britain and England2.is the capital city of Scotland.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. AberdeenD. Cardiff3.Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, is the smallest.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland4.English belongs to the group of Indo-European family of languages.A. CelticB. Indo-IranianC. GermanicD. Roman5.The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of words to English.A. Danish and FinnishB. Dutch and GermanC. French and ItalianD. Latin and Greek6.The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the influence.A. NormanB. DutchC. GermanD. Danish7.Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of .A. grammarB. handwritingC. spellingD. pronunciation8.At present, nearly of the world’s population communicate in English.A. halfB. a quarterC. one thirdD. one fifthChapter 2 DDCC ABAC1. The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic2.By the late 7th century, became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity3.The marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law4.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster5.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effort to .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over the church6.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians7.was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta8.The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20thChapter 3 CDBA BBDC1. The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of the followingbranches with the exception of the .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive2.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on .A. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude3.As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to the House of Commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect4.is at the center of the British political system.A. The CabinetB. The House of LordsC. The House of CommonsD. The Privy Council5.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet6.Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party7.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism8.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. sixChapter 4 ACDC DBAC1. The in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem2.Of the following practices, does not belong to Thatcher’s social welfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions3.The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects except .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality4.Britain has devoted of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%5.Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following except .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain and Ireland6.Coal mining industry in Britain provides of the energy consumed in the country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/37.The car industry in Britain in mostly .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD. privately-owned8.Of the following sectors in Britain, has experienced spectacular growth since the end ofWord War II.A. agricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD. manufacturing industry Chapter 5 DCBB CCDA1. In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by theintroduction of comprehensive schools in the .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s2.About of British children receive primary and secondary education through theindependent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%3.Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive their remaining fundsfrom all the following sources except .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD. corporate contributions4.To be admitted to the Open University, one need .A. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD. General National Vocational Qualifications5.Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “Big Three” with theexception of .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph6.Life on Earth is a kind of program produced by the BBC and is popular among 500 millionviewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soap opera7.is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB8.The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomimeChapter 8 BCAB CDAD1. The U. S. lies in North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, the Atlanticto its and the Pacific to its .A. northern, east, westB. central, east, westC. southern, west, eastD. western, east, west2. The continental United States has statesA. 50B. 49C. 48D. 353.The state of is the largest in area of all the states.A. AlaskaB. HawaiiC. TexasD. Florida4.The largest river in the U. S. is .A. the Missouri RiverB. the Mississippi RiverC. the Ohio RiverD. the Colorado River5.Some of the world famous universities like Harvard, Yale and MIT are located in .A. the SouthB. the WestC. New EnglandD. the Midwest6.San Francisco, Los Angeles and San Diego all belong to .A. MontanaB. UtahC. MaineD.California7.The Immigrants Act of 1924 restricted the further immigration into the United States, particularlyfrom .A. EuropeB. AsiaC. AfricaD. South America8.The characteristic of the dominant American culture is .A. English-speaking, northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-classB. English-speaking, western European, Roman Catholic and upper-classC. English-speaking, northern European, Protestant and upper-classD. English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-classChapter 9 CCDB CACD1. The first successful English colony in North America was founded at in .A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth, Georgia2.The Seven Years’ War occurred between the .A. French and American IndiansB. French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD. British and American Indians3.“No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan of .A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies4.In May 1775, was held in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of a nationalgovernment.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress of Confederation5.Abraham Lincoln issued to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights6.The policy of the United States was at the beginning of the two world wars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD. appeasement7.President applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the Great Depression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD. Kennedy8.The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continued throughout the terms ofPresidents .A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and JohnsonChapter 10 BCBD CCDC1. The U. S. Constitution came into effect in .A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 17932.The Constitution of the United States .A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court3.The Bill of Rights .A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution4.The terms for a Senator and Representative are and years respectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six, two5.All the following except cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President6.The following except are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders7.The Supreme Court is composed of justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine8.The President is directly voted into office by .A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators and representativesChapter 11 BCBD CCDC1. America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the following fields except .A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals2.The modern American economy progressed from to , and eventually, to .A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy3.Chartered companies were NOT granted the by the British King or Queen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority4.urged the federal government to establish a national bank.A. George WashingtonB. President RooseveltC. Abraham LincolnD. Alexander Hamilton5.The following in ventions took place during the “second industrial revolution” except .A. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD. refrigerator6.President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society” by introducing various programs like the followingexcept .A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension7.The following statements are all true except .A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural imports and exports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.8. Employment in the sector has been increasing in the U.S. since the 1970s.A. serviceB. agricultureC. manufacturingD. high-tectChapter 12 CBBB CBBB1. Formal education in the United States consists of , secondary and higher education.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD. private2.Of the following subjects, are NOT offered to elementary school students.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC. science and social studiesD. music and physical education3.Higher education in the United States began with the founding of .A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University4.Of the following, are NOT among the categories of American higher education.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges5.To get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are required to do the followingexcept .A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits6.is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has a reputation for its seriousattitude and great bulk.A. The Washington PostB. The New York TimesC. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News7.Of the following, is NOT among the three major radio and TV networks in America.A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B. the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the American Broadcasting System (ABS)8.The National Day of the United States falls on .A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD. July 14th第三大题Chapter 11.Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?√They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.2.How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?√√----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.3. Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.Chapter 21.What were Queen Victoria’s major achievements?Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrialization, the building of railways and the growth of trade and commerce. During her reign, Britain developed into an empire including about a quarter of the global population and a quarter of the world’s landmass.2.What were the two camps in World WarⅠ?√In WorldⅠthe two camps were the Central Powers-mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey and the Allies-mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy and from 1917,the United States.3.Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World WarⅡ?Britain cooperated closely with the United States after World WarⅡsince they were allied during World WarⅡand shared the same concerns about the Soviet Union.Chapter 51.What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools inBritain?Grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas vocational schools were to help the less successful students to learn a trade.2.What kind of subjects do British comprehensive schools provide?British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and more practical subjects like cooking andcarpentry.3.In what ways do British universities enjoy complete academic freedom?British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4.What role does the media play in British leisure culture?The media plays an essential role in Britain leisure culture since it helps to shape the public’s opinion, determine people’s moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.Chapter 81.How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the so uth also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2.Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to w ork for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs aw ay from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.Chapter 91.Why did American change its policy and enter world war II? √√Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equip ment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2.What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3.What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to e ncourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as t o reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.Chapter 101.What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the federal government and of the state governments are specified in the Constitution.2.What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old,a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . A representative should be at least 25 years old anda U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.3.What are the major powers of the Supreme Court in the USA？√√a)to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c)to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national lawsd)may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional.4.What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of politicalopinions?Generally speaking, the Democrats Party has a liberal ideology, while the Republicans Party is more conservative.The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emp hasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a str ong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that t he government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose co mplete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.Chapter 111.What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew .a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyardsto build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2.How did the civil war affect the American economy? √√After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,s urged ahead.3.Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not onl y advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.Chapter 121.How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2.What functions do American higher education institutions perform?。

《西方文化导论》练习题 (1)

Chapter One Greek CultureI. Fill in the blanks:1.European culture is made up of many elements, two of theseelements are considered to be more enduring and they are the Greco-Roman（希腊罗马的）element and the Judeo-Christian （犹太教与基督教的）element.2.Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5thcentury.3.In the second half of the 4th century B. C., all Greece wasbrought under the rule of Alexander, king of Macedon.4.In 146 B. C. the Romans conquered Greece.5.Revived in 1896, the Olympic Games have beco me the world’sforemost amateur sports competition.6.Ancient Greeks considered Homer to be the author of theirepics.7.The Homer's epics consisted of Iliad and Odyssey .8.The Iliad deals with the alliance of the states of the southernmainland of Greece, led by Agamemnon in their war against the city of Troy.9.The Odyssey deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojanwar to his home, island of Ithaca.10.The representation form of Greek Democracy iscitizen-assembly.（公民大会）11.Of the many lyric poets of ancient Greece, two are still admiredby readers today: Sappho and Pindar.12.Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancientGreece.13.Pindar is best known for his odes celebrating the victories at the athleticgames, such as the 14 Olympic odes.14.The three great tragic dramatists of ancient Greece areAeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides.15.Aeschylus wrote such plays as Prometheus Bound, Persians andAgamemnon.16.Sophocles wrote such tragic plays as Oedipus the King（俄狄浦斯王）, Electra（伊莱克特拉(谋杀其母及其情人者), and Antigone. Oedipus complex（恋母情结）and Electra complex(恋父情结) derived from Sophocles’ plays.17.Euripides（欧里庇得斯）wrote mainly about women in suchplays as Andromache, Medea, and Trojan Women.edy also flourished in the 5th century B. C.. Its best writerwas Aristophanes, who has left eleven plays, including Frogs, Clouds, Wasps and Birds.19.Euripides _ is the first writer of "problem plays".20.Herodotus（希罗多德）is often called “Father of History”. Hewrote about the wars between Greeks and Persians.21.Thucydides（修西得底斯）described the war between Athensand Sparta and between Athens and Syracuse, a Greek state on the Island of Sicily.22.Pythagoras（毕达哥拉斯）was a bold thinker who had the ideathat all things were numbers.23.Pythagoras was the founder of scientific mathematics.24.Heracleitus(赫拉克利特) believed fire to the primary element ofthe universe, out of which everything else had arisen.25.The greatest names in European philosophy are Socrates, Platoand Aristotle.26.In the 4th century B. C., four schools of philosophers oftenargued with each other, they are the Cynics（犬儒学派）, the Sceptics（怀疑论学派）, the Epicureans（伊壁鸠鲁学派）, and the Stoics（斯多葛学派）.27.Euclid(欧几里得) is well-known for his Elements《几何原本》,a textbook of geometry. 28.To illustrate the principle of the level, Archimedes is said tohave told the king: “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.”29.Greek architecture can be grouped into three styles: the Doric（多利安式）style which is also called the masculine style; the Ionic（爱奥尼亚式）style which is also called the feminine style;and a later style that is called the Corinthian（科林斯式）style.30.The Acropolis at Athens（雅典卫城）and the Parthenon(万神殿) are the finest monument of Greek architecture and sculpture in more than 2000 years.II. Multiple choices:1.Which culture reached a high point of development in the 5thcentury B. C.?A. Greek CultureB. Roman CultureC. Egyptian CultureD. Chinese Culture2.In _______ the Roman conquered Greece.A. 1200B.C. B. 700 B. C. C. 146 B.C.D. The 5th century3.Which of the following works described the war led byAgamemnon against the city of Troy?A. Oedipus the KingB. IliadC. OdysseyD. Antigone4.Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Aeschylus?A. AntigoneB. AgamemnonC. PersiansD. Prometheus Bound5.Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Sophocles?A. ElectraB. AntigoneC. Trojan WomanD. Oedipus the King6.Which of the following is the play written by Euripides?A. AntigoneB. PersiansC. ElectraD. Medea7.Which of the following is NOT the greatest tragic dramatist ofancient Greece?A. AristophanesB. EuripidesC. SophoclesD. Aeschylus8.Who ever said that “You can not step twice into the same river.”?A. PythagorasB. HeracleitusC. AristotleD. Plato9.Who was the founder of scientific mathematics?A. HeracleitusB. AristotleC. SocratesD. Pythagoras10.Who is chiefly noted for his doctrine that “man is the measure ofall things”?A. ProtagorasB. PythagorasC. PyrrhonD. EpicurusChapter Two Roman CultureI. Fill in the blanks:1.The burning of Corinth in 146 B. C. marked Roman conquest ofGreece, which was then reduced to a province of the Roman Empire.2.The Roman writer Horace said: “Captive Greece took her rudeconqueror captive”.大意：征服者反被被征服者所征服。

鸦片战争英语作文

鸦片战争英语作文篇 1The Opium War was a significant event in Chinese history that had far-reaching consequences. The cause of this war was that Britain, in an attempt to open the Chinese market, flooded China with opium. This led to a massive outflow of China's silver. One notable incident was Lin Zexu's Humen Beach opium destruction. This act was a brave response to the opium menace.The process of the war was full of aggression and injustice. The British forces used their superior military power to force their way into China. The result was disastrous for China. It not only brought heavy losses in terms of territory and wealth but also had a profound impact on Chinese society, economy, politics, and culture.Economically, it disrupted China's traditional economic structure and led to a decline in domestic industries. Politically, it weakened the ruling power and made China face more foreign pressure. Culturally, it brought in foreign ideas and values that challenged traditional Chinese culture. How could such an unjust war not cause us to reflect deeply? What lessons should we learn from it?篇 2The Opium War was a calamity that forever changed the course of modern Chinese history. How could we ever forget this dark chapter? It forced China to open its doors against its will, exposing the nation to the outside world. Western ideas and technologies began to seep in, but at what cost? It was a bitter pill to swallow.Oh, but did this disaster break the spirit of the Chinese people? No! It sparked an awakening, a fierce determination to resist and strive for change. The war made us realize the harsh reality and the urgent need for modernization. We questioned,we reflected, and we rose up.Was it easy? Absolutely not! But the Chinese people have always been resilient. We learned, we adapted, and we fought against all odds. The Opium War was a painful reminder of our past, but it also kindled the fire of progress and transformation. We will never forget, and we will keep moving forward!篇 3During the Opium War, there was a commoner named Li. His life was turned upside down by the chaos and brutality of the war. Once, he lived peacefully with his family in a small village, but the war's cruel hand reached them. His home was destroyed, and his loved ones were scattered. He had no choice but to embark on a journey of exile, facing countless hardships and dangers along the way. How could such a peaceful life be shattered so brutally? Why did they have to suffer such injustice?Li struggled to survive, seeking food and shelter wherever he could. He witnessed the death and suffering of countless fellow villagers. The smoke of war filled the sky, and the cries of the wounded and the lamentations of the lost echoed in his ears. Despite all the difficulties, he remained determined to live on, with a glimmer of hope in his heart. But when would this nightmare end? How long would they have to endure such pain and suffering?篇 4The Opium War was a tragic chapter in China's history. During this period, the contrast in military power between China and the United Kingdom was stark! The British came with their advanced warships and powerful cannons. Their ships were fast and well-armed, allowing them to control the seas with ease. On the contrary, China's military equipment was relatively backward. Our weapons were outdatedand our strategies and tactics were insufficient to cope with the modern warfare brought by the British. How could we compete? This huge gap undoubtedly had a decisive impact on the outcome of the war. Wasn't it a painful lesson? It made us realize the importance of modernization and technological progress in military affairs. Oh, how we longed for strength and change at that time! We should always remember this history and strive for a stronger country to avoid such tragedies in the future.篇 5The Opium War was a dark chapter in history, a tragic reminder of the consequences when trade is distorted and power is abused. When we look at the trade disputes of today, can't we see echoes of that painful past? Back then, the British forced opium upon China, igniting a conflict that brought immense suffering. Now, in the modern world, we witness trade frictions between nations. But are they not similar in essence?We must ask ourselves: Why do we still struggle with fair trade? Isn't it clear that peaceful resolution and mutual development are the keys to a prosperous future? We should learn from the mistakes of the past. The Opium War taught us that force and aggression lead only to ruin. In today's globalized economy, we need dialogue, understanding, and cooperation. Let us strive for peace and common progress, not repeat the mistakes of history! How can we ensure that trade benefits all and brings about harmony instead of chaos? This is a question that demands our serious reflection and action.。

英语国家概况(谢福之版)总复习资料

---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 英语国家概况(谢福之版)总复习资料.The United Kingdom of Great Britain andNorthern IrelandChapter 1 Geography, People and Language全名: the United Kingdom of Great Britain（大不列颠联合王国）and Northern Ireland （北爱尔兰） . 由成千上万的小岛组成（the British Isles）. 两大岛屿：Great Britain（大不列颠） and Ireland （爱尔兰）The River Thames (second longest and most important),originates（起源于）in southwestern England -----North Sea. Scotland ( Edinburgh 爱丁堡) important river:Clyde River kilts（苏克兰小短裙） Wales( Cardiff 加迪夫，著名港口).The Severn River is the longest river of Britain------flow through western England. Northern Ireland (Belfast 贝尔法斯特，首府)Lough Neagh----the largest lake in the British Isles. Climate: temperate, with warm summers, cool winters and plentiful precipitation(降雨量)，冬暖夏凉，降雨充沛 Three major features: winter fog, rainy day, instability 冬天多雾，常年多雨，天气不定 London---Buckingham Palace（白金汉宫）, Guildhall (市政厅),St. Paul’s Cathedral（圣保罗大教堂）, The Tower Bridge of London（伦敦塔桥） The majority of the population is descendants of the Anglo-Saxons, a Germanic people from Europe. 大部分的人口是盎格鲁-撒克逊人的后裔，从1/ 18欧洲来的日耳曼人Most people in Wales and Scotland are descendants of the Celtic people, including the Irish people 威尔士和苏格兰的大多数人都是凯尔特人的后裔，包括爱尔兰人English belongs to the Indo-European family of languages. English is in the Germanic group.英语属于日耳曼语语系Germanic group: East Germanic, North Germanic, West Germanic. English evolved from the West Germanic group.日耳曼语系：东日耳曼语，北日耳曼语，西日耳曼语。

《英美概况》谢福之-课后简答题及部分重点答案

《英美概况》谢福之课后简答题及答案Chapter 1 geography people and language1.what is the full name of the U.K?A: the full name is the united kingdom of great Britain and northern Ireland.2.Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?A：because they like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink the scotch whisky and to see the Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3.How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and whatare they？A:the development of English language be divided into three period ：old English , middle English ，modern English 。

4.Why did English become more important after the Black Death？A: the laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social important after the Black Death. So English also grew in importance compared to French .Chapter 2 History1.What are the two components of the British parliament?A: they are the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2.What were some of Queen Victoria's major achievements？A：the Queen Victoria’s major achievements in almost every aspect : she promoted further industrial revolution，the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce。

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Tiger Model Tank of Germany VS T-34 Model Tank of USSR
The Giant Artillery of Germany VS 152mm Howitzer of USSR
The America’s Carrier of Yorktown VS Japan’s Carrier of Kaga
B-17 Bomber and P-40 Fighter of US
V-2 Rocket of Germany and Nuclear of US
Section 1 The Start of the Second World War
1. German invasion of Poland (1) the outbreak of the war 1939.9.1 Blitzkrieg (lightning war) (2) Britain and France declared war on Germany

Section 2 Expansion of the War and the Establishment of the Anti-Fascist Alliance 1. German invasion of Battle of Moscow U.S.S.R. Operation of Barbarossa, 1941.6.22 2. Victory of the defending Moscow 1941.9.30-1942.1.7 3. The Chinese front after the outbreak of European war
Battle of Guadalcanal Islands
Section 3 The Turning Points of the War
4. The Cairo Declaration and the Teheran Conference (1) the Cairo Declaration 1943.11.22-11.26 Manchu, Taiwan, Penhu Islands etc., should be given back to China, independence of Korea (2) the Teheran Conference 1943.11.28-12.1 the second battlefield, Germany, Poland, UN, USSR VS Japan
Section 3 The Turning Points of the War
3. The change of the situation of Pacific War Battle of the Coral Sea(1942.5.7-5.8) Battle of Midway Island(1942.6.4-6.5) Battle of Guadalcanal Islands(1942.8-1943.2) Island Hooping
British Battleship Prince of Wales and Battleship Yamato ClModel Submarine of Germany
Spitfire Model Fighter of UK VS Zeke Model Fighter of Japan
Declaration of the United Nations 1942.1.1, Washington
Section 3 The Turning Points of the War
1. Battle of Stalingrad and Kursk (1) Battle of Stalingrad (1942.6.28-1943.2.2) (2) Battle of Kursk (1943.7.5-8.23) Germany changed its strategy from offensive to defense.
Section 1 The Start of the Second World War
4. Battle of Britain (1940.7-1940.10) Operation of Sea Lion (air assault and landing operations)
Section 1 The Start of the Second World War
Chapter 10 The Second World War
Famous Commanders in the World Ⅱ
In the World Ⅱ, there were many famous
commanders who changed the situation of the battles or the wars, even the world.
Section 4 Victory of the Anti-Fascist War of the World 1. The opening up of the European second battlefield Normandy 1944.6.6 D-Day 2. The liberation of the occupied territory by the Troops of U.S.S.R. 3. The resist movement of the Europe Normandy landing
Zhukov
VS
Manstein and Guderian
Nimitz
VS
Yamamoto Isoroku
MacArthur VS
Yamashita Tomoyuki
Eisenhower and Montgomery
Patton and De Gaulle
Rommel and Sun Li-Jen
Section 2 Expansion of the War and the Establishment of the Anti-Fascist Alliance
4. Japanese southern expansion and the outbreak of the Pacific War Tojo Hideki, A Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere, the attack on Pearl Harbor(1941.12.7) the end of the isolationism in US the occupied areas: Malaya, Singapore (Gibraltar of the East), New Guinea, Aleutians, Burma battleship Prince of Wales and battle cruiser Repulse 1941.12.10
5. The establishment of the German, Italian and Japanese military alliance and German invasion of Balkan and Northern Africa (1) the establishment of the German, Italian and Japanese military alliance 1940.9.27 triple alliance pact (Berlin-Rome-Tokyo Axis, 1937.11) (2) German invasion of Balkan and Northern Africa reasons
Chapter 10 The Second World War
Weapons Many weapons were created or improved during the World War Ⅱ.They made an unprecedented scale disaster in the history of human beings, but on the other hand, some of them serve as the scientific production for the social life now.
Section 2 Expansion of the War and the Establishment of the Anti-Fascist Alliance
5. The establishment of the anti-fascist alliance Lend Lease Act(1941.3.18), “the great arsenal of the democracy”…Roosevelt the Atlantic Charter(1941.8.14) Newfoundland, resembled in spirit of the Fourteen Points of Wilson Declaration of the United Nations 1942.1.1, Washington
Section 1 The Start of the Second World War
2. U.S.S.R. established the Eastern Front(1939.91940.8) background, actions, consequence West Ukraine, West Byelorussia, Karelian Isthmus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Bessarabia, North Bukovina
Section 1 The Start of the Second World War
3. The western war and France’s collapse (1) the phony (strange) war (2) the Northern European war (3) the collapse of France Ardennes Dunkirk Evacuation (1940.5.26-6.4) Vichy France(Pétain) Free French Movement(de Gaulle)

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