翻译的基本技巧 被动语态的翻译

翻译的基本技巧——语态转换译法

语态转换译法

1 顺译法

1.1 顺译成被动句

1.2 顺译成主动句

2 倒译法

2.1 把by后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语

2.2 把其他介词后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语

2.3 倒译成汉语的无主句

3 分译法

一、顺译法

既保留原文的主语，又要使译文主要成分的顺序和原文大体一致的翻译方法就叫顺译法。

1 顺译法(Translation in Original Order)

1. 1 顺译成被动句

A.译成“被”字

所谓“被”字句，就是在汉语的动词前面加上一个“被”字来表示被动的句子。主要表示这个动作不利于受事者或这个情况有点特殊，或者出乎意料。加上“被”字以引起读者的注意并表示“被”这一动作动作接受者（受事者）是不乐意或不情愿接受的。

例1：Vitamin C is destroyed when it is overheated.

【译文】维生素C受热过度就会被破坏。

例2：Once the flower has been pollinated and fertilized, the plant provides the newly formed seeds with a reserve of food materials, which will be needed when they themselves germinate. 【译文】花一旦被授了粉并受了精，植株就会对新生种子提供养料贮藏，以备种子未来发芽之需。

例3：She thought all was fair and legal, and never dreamt she was going to be entrapped into a feigned union with a defrauded wretched, already bound to a bad, mad, and imbruted partner! (Charlotte Brontë: Jane Eyre)

【译文】她以为一切都是公正合法的，做梦也没想到过自己竟会被诱入欺诈婚姻的圈套，跟一个骗子、疯子、十足的坏蛋缔结姻缘。

B. 译成“挨”字句

“挨”仅用于翻译该动作是对动作接受者（受事者）不利或不好的句子。

例1：The boy was criticized yesterday.

【译文】这孩子昨天挨了一顿批评。

例2：I was caught in the downpour.

【译文】我在大雨中挨浇了。

C. 译成“给”字句

“给”也是用于翻译该动作对动作接受者（受事者）不愉快或不愿接受的句子。

例1：Our clothes were soaked with sweat.

【译文】我们的衣服给汗水湿透了。

例2：The crops were washed away by the flood.

【译文】庄稼给大水冲跑了。

例3：Your car was towed away by a towing truck from Lewis Company.

【译文】路易斯公司的一辆拖车把你的汽车给拖走了。

D. 译成“叫、让、由、受、遭到、受到、予、予以、加、加以、引以、为……所、经……所”等字句，用以加强说话、表达语气。

例1：You have been wetted in the rain.

【译文】你叫雨淋湿了。

例2：The γ-rays are not affected by an electric field.

【译文】γ射线不受电场影响。

例3：A lot of houses and buildings, roads and bridges were damaged in the seaquake.

【译文】许多房屋建筑、道路桥梁在这次海啸中遭到破坏。

例4：It must be dealt with at the appropriate time with appropriate means.

【译文】这件事必须在适当的时候用适当的手段予以处理。

课堂互动1：翻译下列句子, 顺译成被动句。

1．Those who perform deeds of merit will be rewarded.

【译文】立功的人将受到奖励。

2．A program called a compiler was written by an expert in machine code and is stored in the computer.

【译文】编译程序先由专家用机器代码编码写好，然后储存在计算机中。3．Translation techniques should be paid enough attention to.

【译文】翻译技巧应予以足够的重视。

4．The applicants interviewed are required to hand in some necessary material.

【译文】被谈过话的申请人，要求交上必要的材料。

5．Television keeps us informed about current events at home and abroad.

【译文】电视使我们了解国内外大事。

1. 2 顺译成主动句

A. 顺译成形式是主动，意义上是被动的句子

把英语句子顺译成主动句，其形式是主动，但从意义和逻辑关系上看还是被动句。

例1：Love can not be forced.

【译文】爱情不能强求。

例2：Love and cough cannot be hidden.

【译文】爱情和咳嗽都无法隐藏。

例3：My holidays afternoons were spent in rambling about the surrounding country. (Washington Irving)

【译文】每逢假日的下午，我总要漫步周围的乡村。

例4：Illness must be correctly diagnosed before they can be treated with medicine.

【译文】疾病必须先确诊，再用药。

B. 改变原文的谓语动词，顺译成主动句

如果把英语的被动句译成汉语的被动句，则不符合汉语的语言习惯，所以常可将英语的