2011年1月高等教育自学考试
2012年10月--2007年1月自考2331数据结构历年试题和答案
全国2012年10月高等教育一、单项选择题(本大题共l5小题，每小题2分，共30分)1．一个算法的时间耗费的数量级称为该算法的( D ) D．时间复杂度2．顺序表便于( D ) D．按序号查找结点3．设带头结点的单循环链表的头指针为head，指针变量P指向尾结点的条件是( B ) B．p->next==head4．设以数组A[0..m-1]存放循环队列，front指向队头元素，rear指向队尾元素的下一个位置，则当前队列中的元素个数为( A ) A．(rear-front+m)％m5．下列关于顺序栈的叙述中，正确的是( A )A．入栈操作需要判断栈满，出栈操作需要判断栈空6．A是一个10×10的对称矩阵，若采用行优先的下三角压缩存储，第一个元素a0,0的存储地址为1，每个元素占一个存储单元，则a7,5的地址为( D ) D．347．树的后序遍历等价于该树对应二叉树的( C ) C．中序遍历8．使用二叉线索树的目的是便于( D ) D．查找一个结点的前趋和后继9．设无向图的顶点个数为n，则该图边的数目最多为( B) B．n(n-1)／2 10．可进行拓扑排序的图只能是（Ｃ）C．有向无环图11．下列排序方法中稳定的是（Ａ）A．直接插入排序12．下列序列不为．．堆的是（Ｃ）C．75,65,30,l5,25,4513．对线性表进行二分查找时，要求线性表必须是（Ｃ）C．顺序存储且按关键字有序14．分别用以下序列生成二叉排序树，其中三个序列生成的二叉排序树是相同的，不同．．的序列是（Ａ）A．(4,1,2,3,5)15．下列关于m阶B树的叙述中，错误．．的是（Ａ）A．每个结点至多有m个关键字二、填空题(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分)16．数据元素之间的逻辑关系称为数据的__逻辑____结构。
17．在线性表中，表的长度定义为__数据元素的个数____。
18．用S表示入栈操作，X表示出栈操作，若元素入栈的顺序为1、2、3、4，为了得到1、3、4、2的出栈顺序，相应的S和X的操作序列为__ＳＸＳＳＸＳＸＸ____。
江苏省2011年1月自考科目
江苏省高等教育自学考试“专接本”专业2011年1月考试日程表
说明：
1.2009级“专接本”以下情况按照32元每生每门收费：计算机及应用专业的学生报考“04747java语言程序设计（一）（含实践）”、计算机网络专业或计算机通信工程专业的学生报考“04735数据库系统原理（含实践）”、林业生态工程与管理专业的学生报考“03235林业生态工程项目管理（含实践）”或“03233林业生态工程（含实践）”、计算机信息管理专业的学生报考“02142数据结构导论”或“00015英语（二）”、建筑工程专业的学生报考“02448建筑结构试验。
2.2010级“专接本”以下情况按照32元每生每门收费：计算机信息管理专业或电子商务的学生报考“00015英语（二）”、商务英语专业的学生报考“00891国际贸易实务（三）”。
教育部关于成立第七届全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会的通知-教考试函[2011]1号
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教育部关于成立第七届全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会的通知正文：---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 教育部关于成立第七届全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会的通知(教考试函[2011]1号)各省、自治区、直辖市教育厅（教委）、高等教育自学考试委员会，解放军高等教育自学考试委员会：根据《高等教育自学考试暂行条例》规定，经与各成员单位协商一致，我部对全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会做换届调整，成立第七届全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会，现将组成人员名单印发给你们。
特此通知。
附件：第七届全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会组成人员名单中华人民共和国教育部二○一一年十一月十一日附件：第七届全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会组成人员名单：袁贵仁教育部部长副主任委员：朱之鑫国家发展和改革委员会副主任杜玉波教育部副部长刘利华工业和信息化部副部长黄明公安部副部长XXX 财政部副部长杨士秋人力资源和社会保障部副部长张海涛国家广播电影电视总局副局长夏勇国家保密局局长卢雍政共青团中央书记处书记袁驷清华大学副校长王恩哥北京大学副校长杨慧林中国人民大学副校长委员：林岗中国人民大学兼经济管理类专业委员会主任饶戈平北京大学兼法学类专业委员会主任张永桃南京大学兼公共管理类专业委员会主任王英杰北京师范大学兼教育类专业委员会主任齐森华华东师范大学兼文史类专业委员会主任金莉北京外国语大学兼外国语言文学类专业委员会主任倪宁中国人民大学兼新闻类专业委员会主任束鹏程西安交通大学兼机械及轻纺化工类专业委员会主任白同朔上海交通大学兼电子、电工与信息类专业委员会主任沈世钊哈尔滨工业大学兼土木水利矿业环境类专业委员会主任傅泽田中国农业大学兼农科类专业委员会主任王德炳北京大学兼医药学类专业委员会主任王明旨清华大学兼艺术类专业委员会主任张星臣北京交通大学兼交通类专业委员会主任杨河北京大学兼公共课课程指导委员会主任周浩波辽宁省教育厅副厅长欧阳建平湖北省教育厅副厅长王萍甘肃省教育厅副厅长王健北京教育考试院院长张静天津市教育招生考试院院长李瑞阳上海市教育考试院院长刘炳贵江苏省教育考试院院长葛为民浙江省教育考试院院长杨开乔广东省教育考试院院长禹光解放军总政宣传部副部长贾方亮武警总部政治部副主任刘迎祥全国总工会宣传教育部副部长韩震北京师范大学副校长黄震上海交通大学副校长樊丽明山东大学副校长游小波福建师范大学校党委副书记周创兵武汉大学副校长陈春声中山大学副校长杨天怡重庆大学副校长朱宏电子科技大学副校长柯春晖教育部政策法规司副巡视员张泰青教育部发展规划司副司长徐孝民教育部财务司副司长葛道凯教育部职业教育与成人教育司司长刘贵芹教育部高等教育司副司长张浩明教育部高校学生司副司长孙也刚教育部学位管理与研究生教育司巡视员姜钢教育部考试中心（教育部高等教育自学考试办公室）主任秘书长：姜钢（兼）——结束——。
2011年1月全国自学考试《国际贸易理论与实务》试题和答案
全国2011年1月高等教育自学考试国际贸易理论与实务试题课程代码：00149一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是最符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.货物消费国、生产国直接买卖货物的行为是( )A.直接贸易B.转口贸易C.过境贸易D.间接贸易2.国际分工的深化阶段是在( )A.一战前B.一战后C.二战前D.二战后3.下列属于世界“自由市场”价格的是( )A.调拨价格B.交易所价格C.垄断价格D.贸易集团内价格4.超保护贸易政策的理论依据是( )A.亚当·斯密的绝对成本说B.李斯特的幼稚产业保护理论C.凯恩斯的保护就业理论D.博弈论5.普雷维什认为发展中国家应执行贸易保护政策，其理论依据之一是( )A.绝对成本说B.幼稚产业保护理论C.博弈论D.贸易条件恶化论6.关税的税收主体是( )A.纳税人B.课税对象C.征收机关D.消费者7.按照征税的目的划分，关税分为财政关税和( )A.过境税B.从量税C.保护关税D.从价税8.无条件的最惠国待遇条款又称为( )A.亚洲式最惠国待遇条款B.美洲式最惠国待遇条款C.欧洲式最惠国待遇条款D.非洲式最惠国待遇条款浙00149# 国际贸易理论与实务试题第1页（共7页）9.国民待遇条款一般适用于外国公民或( )A.本国公民经济权利B.外国政府经济权利C.本国企业经济权利D.外国企业经济权利10.区域内各成员国就一种或几种产业(或商品)形成的内部市场，称为( )A.全盘一体化B.部门一体化C.水平全盘一体化D.垂直全盘一体化11.综合发展战略理论的提出者是( )A.德纽B.西托夫斯基C.小岛清D.鲍里斯·塞泽尔基12.WTO中最惠国待遇、国民待遇等条款体现的是( )A.非岐视原则B.贸易自由化原则C.透明度原则D.促进公平竞争原则13.下列术语中，卖方不负责．．．办理出口手续及支付相关费用的是( )A.FCAB.FASC.FOBD.EXW14.卖方根据买方提供的样品、加工复制出一个类似的以供买方确认的样品称为( )A.对等样B.参考样C.买方样D.标准样15.国际货物买卖中，除去货物所含水分，再加上标准水分所求得的重量称为( )A.毛重B.净重C.公量D.理论重量16.在国际货物买卖中，根据包装在流通领域中所起的作用来划分，用于保护商品，防止在储运过程中发生货损货差的包装为( )A.运输包装B.销售包装C.全部包装D.局部包装17.FOB术语的变形是用来说明由谁负担( )A.租船费用B.装船费用C.卸货费用D.进出口通关费用18.对冷冻鱼、冻虾等没有公认的规格和等级的商品适用的品质表示方法为( )A.凭样买卖B.凭规格买卖浙00149# 国际贸易理论与实务试题第2页（共7页）C.良好平均品质D.上好可销品质19.托收中的委托人通常是( )A.进口人B.出口人C.进口方银行D.出口方银行20.出口人的交单以进口人在汇票上承兑为条件，称为( )A.付款交单B.收款交单C.承兑交单D.支付交单21.据《跟单信用证统一惯例》的规定，如果售用证中没有注明“可转让”字样，视为( )A.可转让信用证B.不可转让信用证C.保兑信用证D.不保兑信用证22.贸易争端经仲裁机构作出的仲裁裁决( )A.具有法律约束力B.没有法律约束力C.还需法院最后判定是否有法律约束力D.若败诉方同意，则有约束力；否则，无约束力23.在寄售协议下，寄售货物在售出之前的一切风险和费用的承担者为( )A.寄售人和代销人分担B.代销人C.寄售人D.最终消费者24.一般而言，在实际业务中，进出口公司的审证任务主要是审核( )A.开证行资信B.信用证内容与买卖合同是否一致C.索汇路线D.开证行的付款责任25.在国际货物运输中，使用最广泛的运输方式是( )A.海洋运输B.铁路运输C.航空运输D.邮包运输26.不受气候条件的影响，运量大、速度快，有高度连续性，运转过程中可能遭受的风险小，货运手续简单的运输方式是( )A.海洋运输B.铁路运输C.航空运输D.邮包运输27.根据《跟单信用证统一惯例》，若合同与信用证中明确规定了分批数量，如其发货中任何一批没有按时、按量装运，那么( )浙00149# 国际贸易理论与实务试题第3页（共7页）A.仅该批货物按违约处理B.违约，本批及今后各批均告失效C.不违约，可以在下批发货时弥补D.违约，但可以在下批发货时弥补28.船舶搁浅时，为了使船舶脱险，雇用拖驳强行脱浅的费用为( )A.实际全损B.推定全损C.共同海损D.单独海损29.按照国际保险市场的习惯，保险金额一般为( )A.FOB总值加5％计算B.FOB总值加10％计算C.CIT总值加5％计算D.CIF总值加10％计算30.信用证结算方式下，商业发票收货人的填写一般应为来证的( )A.受益人B.开证申请人C.开证银行D.通知银行二、多项选择题(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分)在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
国际贸易实务(一)历年试题
全国2011年1月高等教育自学考试国际贸易实务（一）试题一、单项选择题(本大题共24小题，每小题1分，共24分)1.《2000年通则》正式生效的日期是( )A.1999年12月20日B.2000年1月1日C.2000年3月1日D.2000年6月1日2.“CFR舱底交接”方式交货时，货物由舱底卸至码头的费用由( )A.买方承担B.船方承担C.卖方承担D.买卖双方共同承担3.FAS贸易术语表示的是( )A.船边交货B.边境交货C.工厂交货D.船上交货4.《2000年通则》解释的贸易术语中买方承担风险、责任和费用最大的是( )A.CPTB.DDPC.CIPD.EXW5.按包装的方式不同．．可以分为( )A.单件运输包装和集合运输包装B.软性包装、半硬性包装和硬性包装C.全部包装和局部包装D.运输包装和销售包装6.班轮运费的计收标准按货物的体积计收，在运价表内用( )A.字母“W”表示B.字母“M”表示C.字母“W/M”表示D.字母“A V”表示7.租船运输中租船的方式包括( )A.定程租船和定期租船B.定航租船和定期租船C.定程租船和定日租船D.定航租船和定日租船8.负责装卸货物的一方，如约定的装卸时间内提前完成装卸任务，有利于加快船舶周转，则可从船方取得奖金，此项奖金称为( )A.速期费B.速遣费C.加班费D.缩期费9.提单按收货人抬头进行划分，可以分为( )A.记名提单和不记名提单B.记名提单、不记名提单和指示提单C.记名提单和无记名提单D.直达提单、转船提单和联运提单10.保险期限不采用．．．“仓至仓”条款的险种是( )A.平安险B.战争险C.水渍险D.一切险11.中国某企业出口一批物资，其出口总成本为320000元人民币，出口后外汇净收入为61000美元，假如外汇牌价为100美元折合人民币700元，则该企业的出口盈亏率为( )A.29.3％B.33.4％C.35.8％D.39.6％12.CFR价格与CIF价格相比要少以下哪一项?( )A.国外运费B.净利润C.国外保险费D.国内费用13.签发汇票的人称为( )A.出票人B.受票人C.付款人D.受款人14.“存款人签发给银行的无条件支付一定金额的委托或命令，出票人在上面签发一定的金额，要求受票的银行于见票时，立即支付一定金额给特定人或持票人”的是( )A.本票B.支票C.汇票D.现汇15.对不符合我国外贸方针政策,影响安全收汇的情况,我们须要求国外客户通过( )A.通知行修改信用证B.议付行修改信用证C.付款行修改信用证D.开证行修改信用证16.受损方向违约方提出损害赔偿要求的行为称为( )A.追偿B.理赔C.追赔D.索赔17.磋商交易的接受环节，关于接受生效的时间各国法律有不同的规定，其中英美法采用的是( )A.“投邮生效”原则B.“到达生效”原则C.“合同生效”原则D.“发盘生效”原则18.进口调节税是国家对限制进口的商品或其他原因加征的税种，该税的计算基数是( )A.FOB价B.CFR价C.CIF价D.CPT价19.我国企业某商品对外商报价含佣价为每公吨4500美元，CIFC3％，后外商要求报的不含佣金的净价，如果要保持我国企业的净收入不变，则对外改报的不含．．佣金价格为( )A.4330美元B.4365美元C.4461美元D.4695美元20.下列有关解除合同的说法正确的是( )A.英国法认为，只要合同一方当事人不履行其合同义务时，对方就有权解除合同。
00015自学考试《英语二》2011年1月真题及答案
2011年1月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）I.Vocabulary and Structure （10 points,l point each）从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。
1.We had a happy weekend at the seaside. And the transport, we had no difficulty.（D）A.owing toB.in caseC.once moreD.as for2.Whether you stay or leave is a matter of total to me.（A）A.indifferenceB.enthusiasmC.passionD.harmony3.It is said that a black hole can everything around it, such as stars.（C）A.work outB.settle downC.swallow upD.break into4.It is well-known that the moon goes round the earth____.（B）A.in a wayB.in a circleC.in due courseD.in turn5.He the book and found it worth buying.（C）A.foldedB.extendedC.skimmedD.skipped6.The world make is changing.We must anticipate the changes and make timely adjustments.（B）A.stablyB.constantlyC.scarcelyD.occasionally7.The main____for discussion will be the proposed new supermarket.（A）A.topicB.ideaC.titleD.object8.We went to bed that night ____ of the storm to come.（D）A.invisibleB.unclearC.senselessD.ignorant9.It's going to be hard to ____his wife that they can’t afford a new house.（A）A.convinceB.containC.conductD.confess10.The task we'1l carry out ____great courage and wisdom.（D）A.calls upB.calls onC.calls aboutD.calls forII.Cloze Test（10 points,l point each）How does woman go about buying clothes? In 11 every aspect she does so in the way opposite to a man. Her shopping is not often 12 need.She has never fully made up her mind 13 she wants,and she is only “having a look round.”She is always 14 to persuasion；indeed she sets great store by what the saleswoman tells her, 15 by what companions tell her,She will 16 any number of things.Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her.Contrary to a lot of jokes, most women have an excellent 17 of value when they buy clothes, They are always on the lookout for the unexpected bargain. 18 a roomful of dresses,a 19 may easily spend an hour going from one rail to 20 ，to and from,often retracing her steps before selecting.It is a laborious process,but apparently an enjoyable one.11.A.most B.uppermost C.foremost D.almost12.A.based on B.held on C.kept on D.made for13.A.that B.those C.what D.which14.A.open B.dull C.close D.keen15.A.ever B.even C.better D.aside16.A.try on B.carry on C.figure out D.fall out17.A.heart B.mind C.sense D.thought18.A.Run into B.Let out C.Brought about D.Faced with19.A.salesman panion C.woman D.saleswoman20.A.the other B.another C.others D.other11.D 12.A 13.C 14.A 15.B 16.A 17.C 18.D 19.C 20.BIII. Reading Comprehension （30 points,2 points each）Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.About forty years ago, only five percent of American children who were three or four years old attended early education programs. Today, about two-thirds of the children of that age go to preschools, nursery schools or daycare centers with educational programs. Many education experts say this is a good situation. They say young children who have some kind of preschool education do much better when they attend school.Young children in preschool programs learn colors and numbers. They identify common objects and letters of the alphabet to prepare them for reading. They sing and play games that use numbers and maps. They learn to cooperate with teachers and other children. Many preschool programs include activities to help young children learn about the world around them. For example, children visit places like zoos, museums and fire and police stations.After preschool, most American children attend kindergarten in public schools. Most children start kindergarten at about age five. Many American kindergartens now require skills taught in early education programs. So children who have not attended a preschool program may not be ready for kindergarten.Many families, however, lack enough money to send their children to private nursery schools or preschools. Such schools may cost several thousand dollars a year, as much as a public university.To help poor families, the government operates an education program for young children called Head Start. Studies have shown that many children from poor families do not do well in school. Studies also have shown that children in Head Start programs perform equally well or better than other children when they start school. But the government currently is providing Head Start with enough money to serve only about sixty percent of the children who need this program.Educators have expressed concern that some early childhood education programs are not good enough. The United States has about eighty-thousand preschools, nursery schools and daycare centers. The National Association for the Education of Young Children studies these schools. The association says it has approved only about ten percent of the preschools in the country. Experts say American children need more and better preschool education.21.In preschools. young children can learn about the world around them by A.A.visiting various placesB.singing songs and playing gamesC.identifying common objects and lettersD.cooperating with teachers and partners22.The annual fee for preschool education is that of a public university.DA.higher thanB.unequal toC.lower thanD.equal to23.Head Start aims to B.A.study the benefits of preschool education in AmericaB.help children from poor families get ready for schoolC.provide funds to help poor families through hard timeD.monitor how the movement spends money on education24.Money provided by the government for Head Start programs is B.A.more than enoughB.quite inadequateC.just sufficientD.almost enough25.According to the association. most American preschools C.A.have got official approvalB.enjoy good reputationC.are not well qualifiedD.have financial difficultiesPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.One of the chief causes of fatigue （疲倦） is boredom. To illustrate this point, let's take the case of Alice, a corporate employee who lives on your street. Alice came home one night completely exhausted. She acted fatigued. She was fatigued. She had a headache. She had a backache. She was so exhausted that she wanted to go to bed without waiting for dinner. Persuaded by hermother. she sat down at the table. The telephone rang. The boyfriend! An invitation to a dance! Her eyes sparkled. Her spirits soared. She rushed upstairs, put on her Alice-blue gown，dashed out and danced until three o'clock in the morning; and when she finally did get home, she was not the slightest bit exhausted. She was，in fact，so excited that she couldn't fall asleep.Was Alice really and honestly tired eight hours earlier. when she looked and acted exhausted? Sure，she was. She was exhausted because she was bored with her work, perhaps bored with life. There are millions of Alices. You may be one of them.It is a well-known fact that your emotional attitude usually has far more to do with producing fatigue than has physical exertion. A few years ago, Joseph E.Barmack, Ph.D., published in the Archives of Psychology a report of some of his experiments, showing how boredom produces fatigue. Dr. Barmack put a group of students through a series of tests in which, he knew, they could have little interest.The result? The students felt tired and sleepy，complained of headaches and eyestrain, felt irritable. In some cases，even their stomachs were upset. Was it all “imagination”? No. Metabolism（新陈代谢） tests were taken of these students. These tests showed that the blood pressure of the body and the consumption of oxygen actually decrease when people are bored，and that the whole metabolism picks up immediately as soon as they begin to feel interest and pleasure in their work!26.When she came back from dancing, Alice felt D.A.very hungryB.a bit sleepyC.much tiredD.sleepless27.The word “them” in Line 4, Para. 2 refers to .AA.people exhausted from boredomB.women with the same name as AliceC.corporate employees enjoying dancingD.people crazy about interesting night life28.The major reason for Alice's exhaustion is that B .A.she lost her appetite for dinnerB.she was tired of her work or her lifeC.she danced too long time with friendsD.she had a bad headache and a backache29.When person begins to enjoy his work __B__,A.his blood pressure goes downB.his metabolism improves rapidlyC.his oxygen consumption decreasesD.his stomach sometimes gets upset30.Dr. Barmack explained the result of the tests on the basis of___A_.A.medical examinationsB.personal observationC.logical reasoningmon knowledgePassage ThreeQuestions 3lto 35 are based on the following passage.There will be a major shift in the age distribution in the American workforce. As the baby boomers（born between 1946 and 1963）begin to hit retirement age, they will be replaced by the so-called“generation Y”or“Millennial Generation.”who number almost 80 million. And the qualified workers of this generation are soon going to be desperately needed, leaving businesses no choice but to figure out how to attract and keep them.People often say that members of the “Millennial Generation”can’t take care of themselves and are going to bring the world down with them.Some people might think Millennials are spoiled internet addicts（上瘾者）who feel a strong sense of entitlement and aren’t willing to work hard for the great rewards they expect.In reality Millennials are the first generation of “digital natives,”that is,they have never known a world without digital technology.As a result Millennials experience the world through technology,as older generations experience the world through their organic senses.This intimacy（亲密接触）with the digital world is one of the Millennials’greatest strengths.It also presents the greatest challenge to those companies that need highly qualified applicants.Managers need to determine ways to use their strengths and work with their weaknesses with business goals in mind.The key to attracting and managing Millennials is to create an experience of the company that matches their technological experience of the world. It’s about finding a balance between youthful enthusinasm,cooperative spirit, and the realities of the business world.The business world is experiencing a continued breakdown of the authoritarian management style that in some ways still remains as legacy（遗留做法） from the early 20th century. Managers are going to have to be patient and flexible to a large extent because one thing is for sure, nothing makes Millennials unhappier than doing tasks with traditional methods that can be done better and more efficiently with the right technology or more sophisticated methods.They need to be given the opportunity to use the technologies they are familiar with to cooperate with each other and do business. The best candidates are going to be attracted to companies that are willing to give employees what they need and want.31.American businesses will be in great need of qualifie d workers of the“Millennial Generation” because A .A.the baby boomers in the workforce are close to retirementB.this generation accounts for the biggest part of the workforceC.businesses want to change the age distribution in the workforceD.businesses prefer young workforce to speed up their development32.People have formed a D impression of the Millennial Generation.A.trueB.vagueC.favorableD.negativepared with previous generations, Millennials C .e more of their organic sensesB.show a poor sense of entitlementC.rely more on information technologyD.challenge the goals of the businesses34.To attract and manage Millennials, a business manager should C .A.require them to do their tasks with traditional methodsB.force them to work with modem scientific technologiesC.balance their passion, teamwork spirit and business realitiesbine sophisticated methods with flexible working approaches35.The main idea of the passage could be best summarized as A .A.business managers should take up the challenges from MillennialsB.business managers should be flexible about their management styleC.managers maintain a relatively objective attitude toward Millennialslennials can use their technological advantage to attract companiesPart Two（50 points）IV. Word Spelling（10 points，1 point for two words）36事件；事故n. a 37.分界线，边界n. b________38捕获：占领v. c 39.美味的；使人愉悦的a. d________40.必要的；本质的a. e 41.公式；程式n. f________42.致意，欢迎v. g 43.阻止；妨碍v. h________44.增加，增长v. i 45.同盟，协会n. l________46.较小的；少数的a, m 47.自然的；天然的a. n________48.反抗；对立n. o 49.察觉；认识到v. p________50.懊悔，遗憾v. r 51.表面，外表n. s________52.温度计n. t 53.向上，往上ad. u________54受害者，牺牲品n. v 55.侍者，服务员n.w________36.accident 37.boundary 38.capture 39.delicious 40.essential 41.formula42. greet 43.hinder 44.increase 45.league 46.minor 47.natural48.opposition 49.perceive 50.regret 51.surface 52.thermometer53.upwards 54.victim 55.waiterV.Word Form（10 points,l point each）56.The study of black holes is just beginning. Speculations about them are （end）答案：endless57.Christmas is （tradition）a holiday for a family to get together.答案：traditionally58.The client must （sure） that accurate records are kept.答案：ensure59.Since no better plan had been put forward，we had to adopt a basically （work）one. 答案：workable60.There are millions of solar systems in space, and ours is （probable）one of the smallest. 答案：probably61.The accused admitted that he had sold the （steal）goods.答案：stolen62.The store will be moved to somewhere in my （neighbor）next month.答案：neighborhood63.Upon their （arrive）,they immediately set about drawing up a plan.答案：arrival64.The good news is that our host is said to be kind and （help）.答案：helpful65.The young girl moved to Paris last spring, but she missed her parents too much to enjoy the （excite）life there.答案：excitingVI.Translation from Chinese into English（15 points，3 points each）66.很明显你需要更多的英语口语练习。
自考数据库系统原理04735真题含答案(2011年1-2016年4年整理版)
全国2011年1月高等教育自学考试数据库系统原理试题课程代码：04735一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.使用数据库技术来处理一个实际问题时，对数据描述经历的过程是（）A.定义、描述、实现B.概念设计、逻辑设计、物理设计C.结构设计、表设计、内容设计D.逻辑设计、结构设计、表设计2.负责DBS的正常运行，承担创建、监控和维护数据库结构责任的数据库用户是（）A.应用程序员B.终端用户C.专业用户D.DBA3.数据库应用系统设计的需求分析阶段生成的文档是数据字典和（）A.数据流图B.E-R图C.功能模块图D.UML图4.设有课程关系Course（课程号，课程名，学分，开设专业号，先修课程号）和专业关系Speciality（专业号，专业名），则课程关系Course的外键是（）A.课程号B.开设专业号C.先修课程号D.开设专业号和先修课程号5.由于关系模式设计不当所引起的插入异常指的是（）A.未经授权的用户对关系进行了插入操作B.两个事务并发地对同一关系进行插入而造成数据库的不一致C.由于码值的部分为空而不能将有用的信息作为一个元组插入到关系中D.向关系中插入了不该插入的数据6.X Y能用FD推理规则推出的充分必要条件是（）A.Y XB.Y X+C.X Y+D.X+=Y+7.下面关于SQL语言的描述中，不正确．．．的是（）A.SQL语言支持数据库的三级模式结构B.一个SQL数据库就是一个基本表C.SQL的一个表可以是一个基本表，也可以是一个视图D.一个基本表可以跨多个存储文件存放，一个存储文件也可以存放一个或多个基本表8.当关系R和S做自然连接时，能够把R和S原该舍弃的元组放到结果关系中的操作是（）A.左外连接B.右外连接C.外连接D.外部并9.设有关系R(书号，书名)，如果要检索书名中至少包含4个字母，且第3个字母为M的图书，则SQL查询语句中WHERE子句的条件表达式应写成（）A.书名LIKE '%_ _M%'B.书名LIKE '_ _M%'C.书名LIKE ' _ _M_%'D.书名LIKE '_%M_ _'10.设关系R和S具有相同的关系模式，则与R S等价的是（）A. B.C. D.11.表示事务执行成功的语句是（）MITB.RETURNC.ROLLBACKD.OK12.SQL2提供事务的四种隔离级别，其中最高级别是（）A.SERIALIZABLEB.REPEATABLE READC.READ COMMITTEDD.READ UNCOMMITTED13.SQL Server 2000提供的服务中，管理SQL Server周期性行为的安排，并在发生错误时通知系统管理员的是（）A.MS SQL ServerB.SQL Server AgentC.MS DTC(Distributed Transaction Coordinator)D.Microsoft Server Service14.PowerBuilder9.0开发工具附带的小型数据库是（）A.RDBMS ASAB.WORKSPACEC.TARGETD.LIBRARY15.在ODBC分层体系结构中，用来处理ODBC函数的是（）A.ODBC数据库应用程序B.驱动程序管理器C.DB驱动程序D.数据源二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）请在每小题的空格上填上正确答案。
浙江省高等教育自学考试儿童文学概论08年10月到11年1月试题答案
浙江省2008年10月高等教育自学考试儿童文学概论试题课程代码：05823一、单项选择题(本大题共12小题，每小题1分，共12分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
P35 1.儿童文学作者具有不同的类型，从印度大诗人泰戈尔的《新月集》的一些作品来看，他应属于( D )A.“童年回忆”型B.“社会使命”型C.“娱乐”型D.“童心”型P62 2.儿歌中的摇篮曲，又称( C )A.徒歌B.小儿谣C.催眠曲D.童儿歌P74 3.法国的夏尔·贝洛将欧洲的民间童话进行改写，写成一书，名为( D )A.《小克劳斯和大克劳斯》B.《打火匣》C.《灰尘仙女》D.《鹅妈妈的故事》P75 4.童话中的超人体童话形象，如( D )A.《丑小鸭》中的丑小鸭B.《木偶奇遇记》中的皮诺曹C.《豌豆上的公主》中的公主D.《渔夫和金鱼的故事》中的金鱼P82 5.我国的寓言就文学记录而言，大约产生于( A )A.先秦B.两汉C.唐代D.宋代P82 6.《百喻经》是宗教文献中的寓言故事，产生于( D )A.中国B.日本C.希腊D.印度P84 7.寓言是“穿着外套的真理”，有明确的寓意，如( C )A.《小意达的花儿》B.《快乐的狮子》C.《狼和小羊》D.《小红帽》P72 8.鲁兵的《下巴上的洞洞》，在诗体上属于( D )A.故事诗B.抒情诗C.童话诗D.讽喻诗P73 9.童话这一名称的使用始于( D )A.民国初年B.明代C.宋代D.清代末年P239 10.《丘克和盖克》是俄罗斯著名的儿童小说，作者是( C )A.列夫·托尔斯泰B.屠格涅夫C.盖达尔D.阿克萨柯夫P253 11.《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》中的哈克是一个( D )A.乖宝宝B.小英雄05823# 儿童文学概论试题第1 页（共14 页）C.模范儿童D.野孩子P182 12.主张用童话来描绘“真的世界”，刻画“真的人”，讲述“真的道理”的儿童文学作家是( C ) A.陶行知 B.郑振铎C.张天翼D.刘真二、填空题(本大题共10小题，每空1分，共12分)请在每小题的空格中填上正确答案。
现代语言学历年真题及答案_1月-10月_之欧阳学创编
全国2011年1月自学考试现代语言学试题课程代码：00830I . Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully.Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. (2%× 10=20% )1.There is a difference between what we know, which is our linguistic competence, and howwe use this knowledge in actual speech production and______, which is our linguisticperformance. ( )A. creationB. communicationC. comprehensionD. perception2.The sounds that begin and endthe words church and judge arevoiceless and voiced______,respectively. ( )A. affricatesB. stopsC. velarsD. palatals3.Morphemes which represent such grammatical categories as number, tense, gender, and caseare called _______ morphemes. ( )A. freeB. boundC. derivationalD. inflectional4.XP may contain more than just X. Phrases that are formed of more than one word usuallycontain head, ______and complement. ( )A. modifierB. determinerC. qualifierD. specifier5. ______ is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form while _______ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and non-linguistic world of experience. ( )A. Reference, senseB. Sense, referentC. Sense, referenceD. Referent, sense6. According to John Austin’s theory of speech act, a(n)______ act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention. ( )A. prelocutionaryB. locutionaryC. illocutionaryD. perlocutionary7. Sound changes may include the loss of a sound or sounds.The so-called apocope refers to the omission of a vowel segment________. ( )A. in word-initialB. in word-middleC. in word-finalD. in syllable-initial8. In contrast to Standard American English, Black English isthe distinct variety of English native to black populations inthe USA. We regard Black English as________. ( )A. a regional dialectB. a social dialectC. a situational dialectD. an ethnic dialect9. Among the language centers, ______is responsible for physical articulation of utterances. ( )A. the motor areaB. Broca’s areaC. Wernicke’s areaD. the angular gyrus10. The language at ________ stage begins to reflect the distinction between sentence-types, such as negative sentences, imperatives, and questions. ( )A. prelinguisticB. one-wordC. two-wordD. multiwordII. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which isalready given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONEword only, and you are not allowed to change the lettergiven. ( 1%×10=10% )11. A is one of the defining properties of human language, which means there is in general no natural relation between meanings and sounds.12. Among the three branches of phonetics, the study of the physical properties of the streams of sounds produced in speech is known as a phonetics.13. In using the morphological rules, we must guard against o in that different words may require different affixes to createthe same meaning change.14. Universal Grammar is a set of principles and p of grammar which, according to Chomsky, is inherited genetically by all human beings.15. The synonyms such as economical, thrifty, and stingy are different in their e meaning.16. Most of the violations of the four maxims under the Cooperative Principle give rise to conversational i .17. When there is a need to reduce ambiguity and increase communicative clarity or expressiveness, then rule eoccurs. 18. A pidgin is a m language developed as a medium of trade, or through other extended but limited contact, between groups of speakers who have no other language in common.19. The localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brain is called 1.20. Language acquisition is concerned with language development in humans. Generally speaking, it refers to children’s development of their f language.III. Directions: Judge whether each of the followingstatements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so. ( 2% × 10=20% )21. ( ) “There’s a motorcycle coming" is seen as, out of context, a statement that a motorcycle is coming. But in a particular context, it might be a warning to a pedestrian not to step onto a road. When the study of meaning is considered in the context of use, it becomes a branch of linguistics called pragmatics.22．( )To distinguish between phonemes and phones，linguists use slashes／／for phonetic segments and square brackets [ ] for phonemic segments．23． ( )Prefixes modify the meaning of the stem and also change the part of speech of the original word．24． ( )In addition to sentences and clauses，a syntactic category usually refers to a 1exical category or a phrasal category that performs a particular grammatical function．25．( )The word“flower”and “flour”，which areidentical in sound，but different in spelling and meaning，are homophones．26．( )As the process of communication is essentially a process of conveying meaning in a certain context，pragmatics can be regarded as a kind of meaning study. 27．( )The meaning representation of words may change，becoming broader, narrower, or shifted．The word knight once meant “youth”，but was elevated in meaning in the age of chivalry；When Juliet tells Romeo，“I’m too fond.” She is not claiming she likes Romeo too much．She means “I am too foolish．”These are two examples of semantic broadening．28． ( ) In sociolinguistics，speech community refers to a group of speakers who constitute a community and share the same language or a particular variety of language．Speakers of English in general might be treated as such a community. 29．( )Generally speaking，the left hemisphere of the brain controls voluntary movements of, and responds to signals from，the right side of the body．30．( )The optimum age for SLA always accords with the maxim of’“the younger the better”．IV. Directions: Explanin the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. (3% ×10=30% )31.displacement32.voicing33.morpheme34.finite clauseponential analysis36.declarations37.epenthesis38.speech variety39.linguistic relativism40.the nativist view of language acquisitionV. Directions: Answer the following questions.(10% × 2=20% )41. What is the distinction between langue and parole? Whydid Saussure make such a distinction?42. What are the differences between sentence meaning and utterance meaning? And give examples to illustrate them. 2011年1月全国自考现代语言学参考答案全国2010年10月自学考试现代语言学试题I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20% )1. The purpose of Chomsky’s definition is to focus attention on the purely ______ properties of language, and these properties can be studied from a mathematically precise point of view.A. lexicalB. grammaticalC. semanticD. structural2. We refer to the limited range of sounds as the phonic medium of language and individual sounds within that range as ______.A. vowelsB. consonantsC. soundsD. speech sounds3. A(n) ______ refers to the existing form to which a derivational affix can be added.A. rootB. stemC. affixD. morpheme4. All sentences in all languages can be represented by constituent structure trees, and all have syntactic rules that determine the linear order of words and their ______ structure.A. linearB. hierarchicalC. constituentD. syntactic5. In semantic analysis of a sentence, a(n) ______ is a logical participant in a predication, largely identical with the nominal element in a sentence. （）A. argumentB. subjectC. objectD. predicate6. Speaker A: Can you answer the telephone?Speaker B: I’m in the bath.Speaker B is violating the maxim of ______.（）A. quantityB. qualityC. relationD. manner7. New words may be formed from existing words by the removal of a suffix thought to be part of the old word. Such a process is called ______, e.g., caretake from caretaker.A. back-formationB. clippingC. blendingD. abbreviating8. It is insulting to a woman to be called a spinster, but it is not insulting to a man to be called a bachelor. There is nothing inherently ______ about the word spinster. The connotations reflect the sexist views society has about an unmarried woman as opposed to an unmarried man.A. importantB. unusualC. pejorativeD. commendatory9. Human linguistic ability depends primarily on human ______. （）A. brainB. vocal cordsC. tongueD. articulatory organs10. In the ______ stage, children begin to produce longer utterances with more complex grammatical structures. （）A. prelinguisticB. one-wordC. two-wordD. multi-wordⅡ. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. ( 1%×10=10% )11. D linguistics is the systematic description and elucidation of all linguistic changes through time. It studies the historical development of language over a period of time. For example, a study of the changes English has undergone since the time of Shakespeare would be a diachronic study.12. The phonemes of a language cannot be strung together in any random order to form words. The phonological system determines which phonemes can begin a word, end a word, and follow each other, in other words, there are s rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language.13. Morphology can be divided into two sub-branches: inflectional morphology and d morphology.14. Syntax consists of a set of abstract rules that allow words to be combined with other words to form grammatical sentences. It is universally found that syntactic rules comprise a speaker’s system of i linguistic knowledge known as linguistic competence.15. Pairs of words which exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the lexical items are called r opposites.16. Pragmatics and semantics are both linguistic studies of m , but what distinguishes them is whether the context of use is considered.17. In Old English the word order is different from that of Modern English, and there are two negatives, “ne”(“not”) and “næfre”(“not”+“ever”=“never”). So d rule is one of the grammatical rules in Old English.18. When a pidgin comes to be adopted by a community as its native tongue and is learned by children as their first language, it becomes c.19. The c age for the acquisition of the first language coincides with the period of brain lateralization.20. In second language learning, instrumental motivation o ccurs when the learner’s goal is f , and integrative motivation occurs when the learner’s goal is social.III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version. （ 2%×10=20% ）21.（）Language is arbitrary by nature. And it is entirely arbitrary.22.（）In producing stops or plosives, the obstructioncreated by the speech organs is total orcomplete, with the obstruction audibly releasedand the air passing out again, such as Englishstops [p] and [t] in pit. In producing [p] and [t]the flow of air is blocked through the mouthonly.23.（）From the semantic point of view, the meaning of acompound is always perceived from themeanings of its components.24.（）According to the “principles-and-parameters”theory, “principles”refer to highly abstractproperties of grammar which are applied tolanguage in general and which generate phrasesand at the same time restrain the power ofMove a, while “parameters”allow generalprinciples to operate in certain restricted ways,according to which particular grammars ofnatural languages vary.25.（）In discussing the sense relations between sentences,Y is a prerequisite of X. So if Y is true, X mustbe true.26.（）According to Austin’s classification ofperlocutionary acts, speech acts fall into fivegeneral categories, which are representatives,directives, commissives, expressives anddecalrations.27.（）For some speakers of American English, the wordask is pronounced [æks], but the word asking ispronounced [æskIŋ]. It is interesting that in OldEnglish the verb ask was aksian, withthe/k/preceding the/s/. This means that ahistorical metathesis rule switched these twoconsonants, producing ask in most dialects ofEnglish. Metathesis is the phonological processthat reorders segments, often by transposingtwo adjoining sound segments.28.（）Language varieties may be standard andnonstandard. Nonstandard varieties areregarded as substandard languages. Onlystandard varieties are regarded as the onlycorrect, logical and pure, and are effective inexpressing ideas in communication.29.（）Language is the only means of expressing thought.30.（）The Error Analysis approach shows that there arestriking similarities in the ways in whichdifferent L2 learners acquire a new language.Ⅳ. Directions: Explain the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. (3%×10=30% )31. descriptive linguistics32. diphthong33. morphological rules34. case condition35. collocational synonyms36. declarations37. Grimm’s Law38. registers39. language centers40. formal instructionV. Directions: Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20% )41. Explain syntactic movement, NP-movement and WH-movement with examples.42. Explain the term “euphemism” with examples. Describe the use of euphemisms in social communication. What will result in euphemistic clichés?2010年10月全国自考现代语言学参考答案全国2010年1月自学考试现代语言学试题I . Directions: Read each of the following statementscarefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, orD in the brackets. ( 2% × 10=20% )1. The language behavior of particular persons on particular occasions is determined by manyother factors over and above their linguistic ______.( )A. systemB. structureC. competenceD. performance2. When we pronounce the long vowels [i:] or [u:], our ______,which is a bony structure at the end of the windpipe, is in a state of tension. ( )A. larynxB. hard palateC. glottisD. vocal cords3. The word “manuscript” is a two-morpheme cluster which contains ______.( )A. two rootsB. a root and a prefixC. a root and a suffixD. a root and a free morpheme4. The grammatical knowledge is represented through PhraseStructure Rules, which state explicitly all and only the possible combinations of the ______ of a language, for example, in English, NP → ( Det ) (Adj) N (PP) (S). ( )A. phrasesB. clausesC. sentencesD. constituents5. The view that the meaning of a linguistic form is defined as the “situation in which thespeaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer”was proposed by ______.A. PlatoB. Ogden and RichardsC. John FirthD. Bloomfield6. According to John Austin's theory of speech act, a(n) ______ act is the change brought aboutby the utterance. ( )A. prelocutionaryB. locutionaryC. illocutionaryD. perlocutionary7. In 1786, Sir William Jones suggested that ______ bore to Greek and Latin a strongeraffinity than could possibly have been produced by accident.（）A. GermanicB. PersianC. SanskritD. Lithuanian8. The existence of taboo words and taboo ideas stimulates the creation of euphemism, whichshows that a word or phrase not only has a linguistic denotative meaning but also has a ______.( )A. conceptual meaningB. connotative meaningC. cultural meaningD. social meaning9. Dichotic listening research tells us a signal coming in the left ear will first go to the ______ hemisphere, from where it is transferred to the left side of the brain forprocessing.A. rightB. leftC. frontD. back10. Studies of the effects of formal instruction on secondlanguage acquisition suggest thatformal instruction mayhelp learners perform some of the following types of tasks except ______.A. planned speech B. writingC. casual and spontaneous conversationD. career-oriented examination II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1% ×10=10%)11. Double a refers to the property of language which meanslanguage iscomposed of discrete units at two levels. At the lower level there is a structure of sounds,which are meaningless. At the higher level there are morphemes and words, which aremeaningful.12. In the production of v, the back of the tongue is broughtinto contact withthe soft palate, or velum, e.g., [k] in cat, [g] in get and [η] in sting.13. Morphological rules are the rules that govern which affix can be added to what type ofs to form a new word.14. A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usuallycomprises a number of words. A phrase structure tree diagram assigns a h structure to sentences.15. The words such as “pop” meaning a certain sound and“pop”meaning popular are in relationship of c homonyms.16. The c view in the discussion of semantics is oftenconsidered as the initial effort to study meaning in a pragmatic sense.17. Extensive changes in rules of morphology have occurred inthe history of English. English has lost most of its i endings, by which it is no longer possible to identify the functional roles of nouns.18. Diglossia describes any stable linguistic situation, in which there exists a strict fdifferentiation between a low-variety or L-variety and a high variety or H-variety.19. The localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in aparticular hemisphere of the brain is called l.20. I is the language that a learner constructs at a given stageof second language acquisition.III. Directions: Judge whether each, of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version. （2% ×10=20%)21.（）According to Hall (1968), language is "theinstitution whereby humans communicate andinteract with each other by means of habituallyused oral-auditory arbitrary symbols." Mostlinguists today accept the view of language as aset of "habitually used symbols."22.（）Intonation refers to a distinctive pattern of tonesover stretch of speech in principle longer than aword, in other words, when pitch, stress andsound length are tied to the sentence rather thanthe word in isolation, they are collectivelyknown as intonation.23.（）Suffixes are added to the end of stems, during theprocess of which they modify the meaning ofthe original word but usually do not change itspart of speech.24.（）When we say a sentence has two levels of structure,D-structure and S-structure, we do not meanthat the syntactic representations of these twolevels must be different. Since syntacticmovement occurs to all sentences, so therepresentations of the twolevels look different.25.（）“He has been to New York”presupposes “He has been to America”.26.（）John Searle made a distinction between what hecalled “constatives”and “performatives”.27.（）Regularization of exceptional plural forms of nounsconstantly occurs. By analogy to foe/foes, anddog/dogs, English speakers started saying cowsas the plural of cow instead of the earlier pluralkine. This analogical change does not occurwhen words are borrowed from foreignlanguages.28.（）The common English address terms are First Name(e.g., John), Last Name (e.g., Smith), Title + LastName (e.g., Dr. Green), Title + Title (e.g., Mr.President), Title alone (e.g., Sir) and Kin term(e.g., Dad). And outside of marked settings,between friends, neighbours and colleagues, firstnames are always preferred.29.（）Thanks to cerebral plasticity, people sufferingdamage to the left hemisphere are able to transfertheir language centers to the right hemisphereand to reacquire the lost linguistic skills withrelatively little disruption.30.（）The earliest sounds produced by infants can be considered as early languageIV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration, if necessary. ( 3% ×10=30% )31. design features32. narrow transcription33.bound morphemes34. deep structure35.missives37. sound assimilation38.idiolect39. Wernicke's area40. interferenceV. Directions: Answer the following questions. ( 10% ×2=20% )41. Please illustrate the syntactic and semantic features ofcompounds in English language with examples.42. Please explicate how language and thought develop andblend each other in order to understand the relationship between language and thought.全国2009年10月自学考试现代语言学试题Ⅰ. Directions: Read each of the following statementscarefully. Decide which one of the four choices bestcompletes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, orD in the brackets. (2% × 10=20% )1. Saussure used ______ to refer to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.()A. performanceB. paroleC. langueD. competence2. In English, a phoneme may be represented by two or more allophones. The choice of the allophone is ______. ()A. randomB. rule-governedC. haphazardD. unpredictable3. In word-formation, a ______ is the smallest meaningful unit of language. ()A. phonemeB. wordC. compoundD. morpheme4. A ______ category usually refers to a word or phrase that performs a particular grammatical function, such as the subject or predicate in a sentence. ()A. lexicalB. phrasalC. syntacticD. phonetic5. In the following pairs of words, ______ are a pair of relational opposites. ()A. “buy” and “sell”B. “male” and “female”C. “hot” and “cold”D. “alive” and “dead”6. The illocutionary point of ______ has the characteristic that the successful performance of an act of this kind brings about the correspondence between what is said and reality.A. directivesB. declarationsC. commissivesD. representatives7. Old English had a rich case-ending system, e.g., Old Englishnoun had four cases, i.e., nominative, genetive, dative and ______. ()A. possessiveB. vocativeC. accusativeD. locative8. ______ dialects are characteristic of a particular type of linguistic activity and appropriate for use in particular speech situations. ()A. SocialB. EthnicC. RegionalD. Situational9. Lying under the skull, the human brain contains an average of ten billion nerve cells called ______.()A. nerve fibersB. nervesC. neuronsD. cerebral cortex10. By the time children are going beyond the ______ stage,they begin to incorporate some ofthe inflectional morphemes. ()A. telegraphicB. multiwordC. two-wordD. one-wordII. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the followingstatements with one word, the first letter of which isalready given as a clue. Note that you are to fill inONE word only, and you are not allowed to changethe letter given. ( 1%×10=10% )11. If a linguistic study aims to lay down rules for “correct”behavior, i.e., to tell people whatthey should say and what they should not, it is said to be p.12. Languages that use the pitch of individual syllables to contrast meanings are called tlanguages. Pitch variations can be used to distinguish meaning just like phonemes.13. I morphemes are those morphemes that show variousgrammaticalrelations or categories such as number, tense and case.14. A c sentence contains two or more clauses, one of which is incorporatedinto the other.15. In grammatical analysis, the sentence is taken to be thebasic unit, but in semantic analysis ofa sentence, the basic unit is called p, which is the abstraction of themeaning ofa sentence.16. The significance of Grice’s C Principle lies in that itexplains how it ispossible for the speaker to convey more than is literally said.17. The method of r of a parent language from a comparison ofits daughterlanguages is called the comparative method. 18. The avoidance of using t language mirrors social attitude,emotions andvalue judgements.19. Genie’s case not only confirms the critical periodhypothesis, but also the view that human’slanguage a device is independent of other intellectual abilities.20. If the target language functions as a foreign language, thelearner is likely to benefit from ani motivation.Ⅲ. Directions: Judge whether each of the followingstatements is true or false. Put a T for true orF for falsein the brackets in front of each statement. Ifyou think astatement is false, you must explain why you think so.( 2% ×10=20% )21. () The arbitrary nature of language is absolute, i.e.,there are no words in world languages that maintain a correspondence between form and sound.22. () Certain strings of phonemes are permissible andothers are not. If a word beginswith an/1/or/r/, the next segment must be a vowel. That is why / 1bIk/does notsound like an English word. It violates the restriction on the sequencing ofphonemes.23. () The different stresses used in a compound do notusually affect the meaning of thecompound.24. () The recursive properties of phrase structure rulesenable these rules to generate an infinite number of sentences, and sentences with infinite length.25. () Entailment is a relation of inclusion. If X entails Y, themeaning of X is included in Y.26. () Performatives are sentences that do not state afact or describe a state, and are not verifiable.27. () Another kind of change that can be thought of as“economy of memory”results in a reduction of the number of exceptional or irregular morphemes. For example,children and adults are presently saying I dreamed last night(instead of dreamt).This kind of change has been called rule simplification.28. () One striking fact about the asymmetry betweenmale and female terms in manylanguages is that when there are male/female pairs, the male form for the mostpartis unmarked and the female term is produced by adding a bound morpheme or bycompounding.29. () Research findings have shown that languageprocessing centers are situated in a single area of the left hemisphere.30. () The grammatical errors that occur in secondlanguage acquisition can allbe explained by mother tongue interference.Ⅳ. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration, if necessary. (3%×10=30%)31. synchronic study32. competence33.sentence stress34. free morpheme35. major lexical category36. behaviourism as a semantic view37. stylistic synonyms38. expressives39. euphemism40. Broca’s area Ⅴ. Directions: Answer the following questions. ( 10% ×2=20% )41. In some dialects of English, the word “ask” is pronounced[æks], and children’s speechshows a number of cases of sound movement, for example, “aminal” for “animal”.Nowexplain sound movement by giving examples. State the difference between sound movementand sound addition by examples.42. Describe the distinctive features of Black English in its syntactic system by using examples.全国2009年1月自考现代语言学试题I. Directions：Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A，B，C，or Dinthebrackets. (2%×10=-20％)1. Phonetics provides the means to describe the speech sounds，showing how they differ；phonology tells us that。
2011年4月江苏省高等教育自学考试日语(27016)模拟试题1及参考答案
2011年4月江苏省高等教育自学考试27016日语（模拟试卷）—1一、词汇（每小题1分，共25分）请选择一个正确答案并将其字母标号填入答卷相应题号的空格中。
（一）下列各句中划线的词汇怎么读？１．彼女の手は氷のように冷たいです。
とおりかおりこおりいのり２．中国人も平均寿命が大きく延びました。
じゅめいじゅみょうじょめいじょみょう３．電気製品の発達は人々の生活を変えました。
はつたつはったつはつだつはっだつ４．秋は収穫の季節です。
しゅうかくしゅうがくじゅうかくじゅうがく５．私は会議の時間と場所を間違えてしまいました。
まちがえまじかえまがえまちかえ６．田中さんは１週間に５日出勤します。
できんしゅつきんしゅっきんしゅっさん７．食品を保存するほそんほぞんほうぞんほうそん８．昨日は休日ではありませんでした。
きゅうひやすみひきゅうじつやすみび９．積極的に日本人と話さなければなりません。
せっきょくせいきょくせっぎょくせいぎょく１０．そのことを私は生涯忘れられないでしょう。
しょうかいせいかいしょうがいせいがい（二）写出下列划线词汇的当用汉字。
１１．台風から生活を守るくふうが必要です。
１２．最近の大学生はしゅうしょくが難しいです。
１３．ふなびんでお願いします。
１４．技術がしんぽしました。
１５．言葉の意味をせつめいしました。
１６．試験のけっかを教えてください。
１７．私たちのゆうじょうはずっと変わりません。
１８．日本では、１月２日にも年賀状をはいたつします。
１９．昨日デパートをけんぶつしました。
２０．道路がへいさになりました。
（三）下列各句的横线上填什么词合适？２１．暑いですから、＿＿＿をつけてください。
サラダクーラーストーブスイッチ２２．私の趣味は切手を＿＿＿ことです。
あつめるむかえるつたえるこたえる２３．日本の自動車はガソリンの消費量が少ない。
＿＿＿外国でも人気がある。
それにそれにしてもそれでそこで２４．今＿＿＿喉が腫れています。
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═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ 全国2011年1月高等教育自学考试 中国近现代史纲要试题 课程代码：03708
一、单项选择题（本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分） 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。 1.太平天国由盛而衰的转折点是( ) A.永安建制 B.长沙战役 C.北伐失利 D.天京事变 2.1861年，清政府设立的综理洋务的机关是( ) A.总理各国事务衙门 B.江南制造总局 C.外务部 D.轮船招商局 3.1898年，张之洞发表的对抗维新变法的著作是( ) A.《新学伪经考》 B.《孔子改制考》 C.《仁学》 D.《劝学篇》 4.1915年9月在上海创办《青年》杂志的是( ) A.李大钊 B.陈独秀 C.胡适 D.鲁迅 5.中国近代史上第一次彻底反帝反封建的革命运动是( ) A.辛亥革命 B.五四运动 C.五卅运动 D.国民革命 6.以第一次国共合作为基础的国民革命统一战线正式形成的标志是( ) A.中共二大的召开 B.中共三大的召开 C.中国国民党一大的召开 D.中国国民党二大的召开 7.1925年至1926年间，中国工人坚持16个月之久的罢工斗争是( ) A.香港海员罢工 B.安源路矿工人罢工 C.京汉铁路工人罢工 D.省港罢工 8.1928年10月，国民党中央常务委员会通过了( ) A.《中华民国临时约法》 B.《中华民国约法》 C.《军政纲领》 D.《训政纲领》 9.1928年12月，在东北宣布“服从国民政府，改易旗帜”的是( ) A.张学良 B.张作霖 C.冯国璋 D.冯玉祥 10.1930年8月，邓演达领导成立的中间党派是( ) A.中国国民党临时行动委员会 B.中国青年党 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
C.中国国家社会党 D.中国国民党革命委员会 11.1931年11月，中国共产党在江西瑞金召开的重要会议是( ) A.中共六届四中全会 B.红四军第九次党的代表大会 C.中华苏维埃第一次全国代表大会 D.赣南会议 12.1934年中国工农红军第五次反“围剿”斗争失败后，率先开始战略转移的是( ) A.红十五军团 B.红一方面军 C.红二方面军 D.红四方面军 13.1935年1月，中国共产党在遵义会议上解决的主要问题是( ) A.军事和组织问题 B.思想和作风问题 C.政治和军事问题 D.筹款和征兵问题 14.1933年11月，国民党爱国将领蔡廷锴和蒋光鼐发动了抗日反蒋的( ) A.北京事变 B.福建事变 C.西安事变 D.皖南事变 15.1935年，北平学生在中共号召和领导下举行的抗日救亡运动是( ) A.国民会议运动 B.一二·九运动 C.一二·一运动 D.一二·三〇运动 16.1937年，出任新四军军长的是( ) A.朱德 B.刘伯承 C.叶挺 D.陈毅 17.1937年，在淞沪会战中率领“八百壮士”孤守上海四行仓库的爱国将领是( ) A.佟麟阁 B.赵登禹 C.戴安澜 D.谢晋元 18.1939年1月，国民党制定“防共、限共、溶共、反共”方针的会议是( ) A.五届三中全会 B.五届四中全会 C.五届五中全会 D.五届六中全会 19.从1937年卢沟桥事变到1938年10月广州、武汉失守，中国抗日战争处于( ) A.战略防御阶段 B.战略相持阶段 C.战略反攻阶段 D.战略决战阶段 20.中国大陆基本解放和实现统一的标志是( ) A.1949年中华人民共和国的成立 B.1950年中共七届三中全会的召开 C.1951年西藏的和平解放 D.1952年土地改革的完成 21.中共中央正式提出过渡时期总路线是在( ) A.1949年 B.1952年 C.1953年 D.1956年 22.1955年，毛泽东发表全面总结农业合作化运动经验的报告是( ) A.《关于农业生产互助合作的决议（草案）》 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
B.《关于发展农业生产合作社的决议》 C.《关于农业合作化问题》 D.《关于人民公社若干问题的决议》 23.1959年，在中共中央召开的庐山会议上受到错误批判的是( ) A.刘少奇 B.彭德怀 C.周恩来 D.邓小平 24.1966年至1976年间在我国发生的全局性、长时间的“左”倾严重错误是( ) A.“大跃进” B.人民公社运动 C.反右派斗争扩大化 D.“文化大革命” 25.1962年1月，中共中央召开总结经验教训、明确工作方向的会议是( ) A.“七千人大会” B.中共八届九中全会 C.第一次郑州会议 D.中共八届十中全会 26.新中国第一颗人造地球卫星发射成功是在( ) A.1964年10月 B.1966年10月 C.1967年10月 D.1970年4月 27.1971年10月，新中国在外交上取得的重大成果是( ) A.恢复了在联合国的合法席位 B.恢复了在世界卫生组织的合法席位 C.实现了中日关系正常化 D.实现了中法关系正常化
28.20世纪70年代，毛泽东、周恩来抓住时机发起了改善中美关系的( ) A.“篮球外交” B.“乒乓外交” C.“网球外交” D.“围棋外交” 29.中国共产党第一次比较系统地阐述社会主义初级阶段理论是在( ) A.中共十二大 B.中共十三大 C.中共十四大 D.中共十五大 30.1990年3月，中共十三届六中全会通过了( ) A.《关于科学技术体制改革的决定》 B.《关于教育体制改革的决定》 C.《关于加强党同人民群众联系的决定》 D.《关于加强党的执政能力建设的决定》
二、多项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） 在每小题列出的四个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选、少选或未选均无分。 31.资本—帝国主义列强对近代中国进行经济掠夺的主要手段有( ) A.控制中国通商口岸 B.剥夺中国关税自主权 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
C.对华倾销商品和资本输出 D.操纵中国经济命脉 32.第一次鸦片战争期间，为抗击英国侵略者以身殉国的爱国将领是( ) A.关天培 B.陈化成 C.海龄 D.邓世昌 33.1853年定都天京后，太平天国先后颁布的重要文件有( ) A.《原道觉世训》 B.《十款天条》 C.《天朝田亩制度》 D.《资政新篇》 34.到19世纪90年代，洋务派建成的新式海军包括( ) A.福建水师 B.广东水师 C.南洋水师 D.北洋水师 35.19世纪90年代，资产阶级维新派创办的学会主要有( ) A.兴中会 B.强学会 C.南学会 D.保国会 36.大革命失败后，中国共产党在1927年发动的武装起义是( ) A.南昌起义 B.百色起义 C.秋收起义 D.广州起义 37.在开辟农村革命根据地的过程中，毛泽东于1928年和1929年主持制定了( ) A.《井冈山土地法》 B.《兴国土地法》 C.《五四指示》 D.《中国土地法大纲》 38.1956年，中国共产党在整风运动中反对的错误倾向是( ) A.主观主义 B.宗派主义 C.自由主义 D.官僚主义 39.1957年2月，毛泽东在最高国务会议上指出，社会主义社会两类不同性质的矛盾是( ) A.敌我之间的矛盾 B.人民内部之间的矛盾 C.生产力和生产关系之间的矛盾 D.经济基础和上层建筑之间的矛盾 40.1980年，中共中央决定设立的经济特区有( ) A.深圳经济特区 B.珠海经济特区 C.汕头经济特区 D.厦门经济特区
三、简答题（本大题共5小题，每小题6分，共30分） 41.近代中国社会的主要矛盾和中华民族面临的历史任务。 42.中国早期接受、宣传马克思主义的三类代表人物。 43.毛泽东在《论持久战》中阐述的中日之间相互矛盾的四个特点。 44.我国对民族资本主义工商业实行和平赎买政策的特点。 45.1992年初，邓小平在南方谈话中提出的判断改革开放是非的主要标准。 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
四、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分） 46.1905年至1907年资产阶级革命派与改良派进行论战的意义及革命派的局限性。 47.全国解放战争时期，各民主党派与中国共产党团结合作的主要表现。
答案 全国2011年1月高等教育自学考试 《中国近现代史纲要》试题答案
（课程代码 03708） 一. 单项选择题 1. D 2.A 3.D 4.B 5. B 6. C 7. D 8.D 9.A 10.A 11.C 12.B 13.A 14.B 15.B 16.C 17.D 18.C 19.A 20.C 21.C 22.C 23.B 24.D 25.A 26.D 27.A 28.B 29.B 30.C 二. 多项选择题 31.ABCD 32.ABC 33.CD 34.ABCD 35.BCD 36.ACD 37.AB 38.ABD 39.AB 40.ABCD 三. 简答题 41. 近代中国社会的主要矛盾和中华民族面临的历史任务。 在半殖民地半封建的中国，帝国主义与中华民族的矛盾、封建主义与人民大众的矛盾是两对主要矛盾，而帝国主义与中华民族的矛盾，乃是各种矛盾中最主要的矛盾。近代中国社会的性质和主要矛盾决定了近代以来中华民族始终面临着两大历史任务：一是求得民族独立和人民解放；二是实现国家繁荣富强和人民共同富裕。 42. 中国早期接受、宣传马克思主义的三类代表人物。 一是五四运动前的新文化运动的精神领袖，其代表是李大钊、陈独秀。 二是五四运动中的左翼骨干，其代表是毛泽东、杨匏安、蔡和森、周恩来等。 三是一部分原中国同盟会会员、辛亥革命时期的活动家，以董必武、吴玉章、林伯渠为代表。 43. 毛泽东在《论持久战》中阐述的中日之间的相互矛盾的四个特点。 中日双方存在着互相矛盾的四个特点：敌强我弱，敌小我大，敌退步我进步，敌寡助我多助。 一方面，日本是强国，中国是弱国，强国弱国的对比，决定了抗日战争只能是持久战。 另一方面，日本是小国，发动的是退步的、野蛮的侵略战争，在国际上失道寡助；而中国是大国，进步的是进步的、正义的反侵略战争，在国际上得到多助。因此，最后胜利又将是属于中国的。 44. 我国对民族资本主义工商业实行和平赎买政策的特点。 第一，有偿地而不是无偿地，逐步地而不是突然地改变资产阶级的所有制； 第二，在改造他们的同时，给予他们以必要的工作安排； 第三，不剥夺资产阶级的选举权，并且对于他们中间积极拥护社会主义改造而在这个改造事业中有所贡献的代表人物给以恰当的政治安排。 45. 1992年初，邓小平在南方谈话中提出的判断改革开放是非的主要标准。 邓小平在南方谈话中提出的判断改革开放是非的主要标准,主要看是否有利于发展社会的生产力，是否有利于增强社会主义国家的综合国力，是否有利于提高人民的生活水平。 46. 1992年初，邓小平在南方谈话中提出的判断改革开放是非的主要标准。 邓小平在南方谈话中提出的判断改革开放是非的主要标准,主要看是否有利于发展社会的生产力，是否有利于增强社会主义国家的综合国力，是否有利于提高人民的生活水平。 四. 论述题 46. 1905年至1907年资产阶级革命派与改良派进行论战的意义及革命派的局限性。 论战的重要意义：