英语语法大全(时态)

英语语法大全：一般将来时

一般将来时——将来做某事

A、构成形式：

(1)主语+be going to+动词原形+其他。

(2)主语+will+动词原形+其他。

B、判断依据：

一个句子中既有be动词，又有going、to和动词，且动词用的是原形，句中往往有tomorrow、soon、next week等词。

C、句型变换：

She is going to have a picnic tomorrow.

She isn’t going to have a picnic tomorrow.

Is she going to have a picnic tomorrow?

Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.

They are going to visit their grandparents next Sunday.

They aren’t going to visit their grandparents next Sunday.

Are they going to visit their grand parents next Sunday?

Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.

三组将来时间表示法的用法比较

一、“will / shall+动词原形”与“be going to+动词原形”

两者均可表示将来时间和意图，有时可以换用。如：I think it’ll rain this evening. / I think it’s going to rain this evening. 我想今晚会下雨。I won’t tell you about it. / I’m not going to tell you about it. 我不会把这事告诉你的。两者的区别是：1. 若是强调某个意图是经过事先考虑好的，则通常要用be going to;若是表示某个意图没有经过事先考虑，而是在说话的当时才临时想到的，则通常用will。比较：—Ann is in hospital. 安住院了。—Oh, really? I didn’t know. I’ll go and visit her. 啊，真的吗?我还不知道。我要去看看她。(临时想法，不能用be going to)—Ann is in hospital. 安住院了。—Yes, I know. I’m going to visit her tomorrow. 我知道，我打算明天去看看她。(事先考虑的意图，不能用will)2. 若是有迹象表明要发生某事，通常只用be going to，不用will。如：Look at those black clouds. It’s going to rain. 看那些乌云，要下雨了。3. 带有时间或条件状语从句的主句通常不宜用be going to，而用will。如：When he comes back, I will tell him the news. 他回来时我就告诉他这个消息。If he comes back, I will tell him the news. 他若回来我就告诉他这个消息。

二、“be go ing to+动词原形”与“现在进行时”

1. be going to主要表示主观想法或意图，而现在进行时表示将来则主要强调已经作出的安排。比较：I’m going to wash the car if I have time. 若有时间我想洗洗车。(主观想法)I’m picking you up at 6; don’t forget. 我6点钟来接你，不要忘了。6(已作出的安排)

2. 但是当要表示主观无法控制的预测时，通常要用be going to，不能用现在进行时态。如：It’s going to snow before long. 不久会下雪。Things are going to get better soon. 情况很快就会好起来。

3. 当表示坚持要(不要)某人做某事时，两者均可用。如：She’s taking [going to take] that medicine whether he likes it or not. 不管她喜欢不喜欢，她都得吃那药。You’re not wearing [going to wear] that skirt to school. 你不可以穿那条裙子去上学。

三、“be going to+动词原形”与“be to+动词原形

be to+”两者均可表示按计划或安排要发生的动作，有时可互换(但be to比be going to正式)。如：Where are we going to stay tonight? 我们今晚住哪里?I’m (going) to play tennis this afternoon. 我打算今天下午打网球。另外，be going to 还可表示预测，即根据已有迹象预测将要发生的动作，此时不能用be to。如：Look, it’s g oing to rain. 看，要下雨了。

一般过去时——过去做某事

A、构成形式：主语+动词的过去式+其他。

注意：没有be动词的否定句和疑问句中，用didn’t否定和用did提问后，动词一定要用原形。

B、判断依据：

(1)be动词是was、were;

(2)动词加ed;

(3)有表示过去的时间状语，现在学过的常用的表示过去的时间状语有：just now，a moment，yesterday，last week，last night，last weekend，last year，last month，three days ago，two weeks ago，five years ago…

C、句型变换：

I was a teacher five years ago.

I wasn’t a teacher five years ago.

Were you a teacher five years ago?

Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t.

They played many games yesterday.

They didn’t play many games yesterday.

Did they play many games yesterday?

Yes, they did. / No, they didn’t.

1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。

时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。

例：Where did you go just now?

2)表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。

例：When I was a child, I often played football in the street.

Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.

3)句型：

It is time for sb. to do sth 到……时间了，该……了

It is time sb. did sth. 时间已迟了，早该……了

例：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。

It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。

would (had) rather sb. did sth. 宁愿某人做某事

例：I'd rather you came tomorrow.

4)wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。

例：I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。

【比较】

一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。

Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义：她已不在人间。)

Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义：她现在还活着。)

Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)

Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去。) 注意：用过去时表现在，表示委婉语气。

1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。

例：Did you want anything else?

I wondered if you could help me.