中考语法专题复习

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【中考英语一轮复习语法一点通】语法专题五 名词(教师版)

【中考英语一轮复习语法一点通】语法专题五 名词(教师版)

语法专题五、名词(必考)名词即表示人或物名称的词,它分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。

专有名词表示人、地方、事物、组织等名称的词,如:Lucy, China, the Great Wall.考点1 可数名词的复数形式1.名词按其所表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词(Countable Nouns)与不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns),可数名词有单数与复数两种形式,名词复数构成形式部分规则如下:情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加-s在清辅音后读/s/在浊辅音和元音后读/z/在t后读/ts/在d后读/dz/cake-cakes day-days student-students bed-beds以-s, -x, -sh, -ch等结尾的词加-es读/IZ/bus-buses,box-boxeswatch-watches以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i,再加-es读/z/baby-babies,city-citiescountry-countries以元音字母加y结尾的词加-s读/z/toy-toysmonkey-monkeys以f(fe)结尾的词变f(fe)为ves读/vz/leaf-leaves,life-liveswolf-wolves不规则变化改变单数名词中的元音字母;单复数形式相同;其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, sheep-sheep mouse-mice2.某国人变复数(1)中国人a Chinese-Chinese; (2)日本人a Japanese- Japanese (2)英国人an Englishman-Englishmen;(3)法国人a Frenchman-Frenchmen (4)美国人American- Americans (5)德国人German-Germans 考点精讲可用口诀记忆这一点,即:中日不变英法变,其余s加后面。

3.以-o结尾的名词,有些在词尾加-es,它们是“黑人英雄爱吃西红柿土豆”。

中考语文汉语语法专题复习

中考语文汉语语法专题复习
中考语文汉语语法 专题复习
目 录
01
学习目标
02
考点解析
03
题型聚焦
04
学法指导
05
真题再现
06
知识清单
01
学习目标
1.掌握初中语文必考的语法知识。词性的定义,词性的类别。 实词:表示实在意义的词,有名词、动词、形容词、数词、
量词、代词。虚词:不表示实在意义而表示语法意义的词, 有副词、介词、连词、助词、叹词、拟声词。
05
真题再现
1.下面句中加点词的词性完全相同的一项( )
A.①他在学校里。 ②他在阅览室学习。
B.①这座房子朝南。 ②他朝北走去了。
C.①物质文明建设和精神文明建设应该一起抓。
②张健和李升一同到北京去了。
D.①运动会上,他得到了百米冠军。
②他的字写得很工整。
2.下列词语中都是名词的一组是( )
A.学校 理想 这里 飞机 B.跑步 时间 孩子 父亲
(4)数词,表示事物数目的词,有: 确数词:1、2、3、一、二、三、壹、贰、叁、 二分之一、3.45…… 概数:几、一些、左右、以下、余……
序数:第一、第二、老大、老三、初九、初 十…… (5)量词,表示事物或动作的单位,有:
名量词:尺、寸、里、公里、斤、两、辆、 角、元……
动量词:把、次、趟、下、回、声、脚、幢、 座…… 时量词:天、年、秒、小时、分(钟)。 (6)代词,能代替事物名称的词,有:人称代 词:我、你、它、她们、大家、咱们……
短语
也称词组,是词和词组 合成的语言单位。根据 其构成方式可以分成以 下五种结构类型:
并列短语:由两个或两个以上的名词、动词、形容词并列组成的短语,如:
老师和同学 调查研究 培养和提高 万紫千红 理直气壮

中考语法总复习 专题12 动词时态(上)(原卷版)

中考语法总复习 专题12 动词时态(上)(原卷版)

中考语法总复习专题12 动词时态(上)命题点一一般现在时►重点用法概括►易错点解读主将从现的“从”,仅限于状语从句,宾语从句不适用。

I don’t know if Lucy will go to Jack’s party next Sunday. If she goes, so will I.(前一个if,意为是否,引导宾语从句;后一个if,意为如果,引导状语从句)。

【例1】.(2021·吉林长春·模拟预测)The teacher told us that the sun ________ in the east. A.rises B.rise C.rose D.rising【例2】.(2021·天津和平·一模)To catch the first bus, Bob ________ up at six o’clock every morning.A.gets B.was getting C.is getting D.will get【例3】.(2021·广西柳州·中考真题)He________ like his brother.A.look B.looks C.looking【例4】.(2020·辽宁盘锦·中考真题)If our school __________ the pop singer to the concert next week, we will be happy.A.will invite B.invited C.invites D.is inviting【例5】.(2020·四川凉山·中考真题)—Let's go camping if it____________ next Saturday. —But nobody knows if it ___________.A.is fine; rains B.will be fine: rains C.is fine: will rain D.will be fine: will rain随堂练习1.(2021·北京朝阳·二模)Daming ________ books with his father at 8 o’clock every evening. A.reads B.read C.is reading D.has read2.(2021·河北·石家庄外国语学校一模)The wise men say reading ________ a bridge between our lives and the unknown world.A.built B.build C.builds D.has built3.(2021·四川遂宁·中考真题)The number of the whales ________ smaller and smaller because of human activities now.A.were B.was C.is D.are4.(2021·广西柳州·中考真题)He________ like his brother.A.look B.looks C.looking5.(2021·北京石景山·二模)My dad ________ young kids how to play football every Saturday. A.teaches B.taught C.have taught D.will teach6.(2021·湖北十堰·中考真题)Mid-Autumn Day usually _________ on August 15th in the lunar calendar(阴历)every year.A.come B.comes C.is coming D.will come7.(2021·天津和平·一模)To catch the first bus, Bob ________ up at six o’clock every morning. A.gets B.was getting C.is getting D.will get8.(2021·上海松江·二模)Tim likes watching films. He _________ to the cinema with his girlfriend once a week.A.goes B.is going C.has gone D.will go9.(2021·湖南·模拟预测)Not only his friends but also he ________ great interest in science fiction.A.show B.shows C.have shown10.(2021·广西·北海市教育教学研究室二模)Jimmy with his parents_______ the sick people once a week.A.helps B.help C.helping D.are helping11.(2021·北京房山·二模)My father is very patient. He often ________ me with my homework. A.helps B.helped C.will help D.has helped12.(2021·广西桂林·中考真题)The zebra eats grass, but it ________ eat meat.A.doesn’t B.didn’t C.don’t13.(2021·黑龙江·齐齐哈尔市碾子山区教师进修学校一模)—Do you like the flower? —Yes. It ________ sweet.A.is smelling B.smells C.smelt14.(2021·吉林长春·模拟预测)The teacher told us that the sun ________ in the east. A.rises B.rise C.rose D.rising15.(2021·北京丰台·二模)Claire likes cooking. She ________ delicious food every weekend. A.will cook B.has cooked C.is cooking D.cooks16.(2020·湖北恩施·中考真题)I hear that it often ________ in Sichuan and there are usually floods, especially in summer.A.rains B.rained C.will rain17.(2020·四川广元·中考真题)Tom. together with his friends, often________ to the old people's home to cheer the old up.A.go B.going C.goes18.(2021·北京房山·一模)—What does your mother like doing in her free time?—She often ________ movies.A.watches B.watched C.is watching D.will watch19.(2020·贵州毕节·中考真题)Don't get off the bus until it ________.A.will stop B.stop C.stopped D.stops20.(2021·北京房山·二模)Mary ________ her grandparents every weekend.A.visits B.was visiting C.is visiting D.has visited命题点二一般过去时►重点用法概括►易错点解读used to do sth 过去常常做某事(否定结构:didn’t use to do sth)be used to doing sth习惯于做某事He used go out with his parents, but now he is used to staying at home alone.他过去常和父母出去,但现在他习惯独自待在家里。

初中英语中考语法总复习专题(提优版)

初中英语中考语法总复习专题(提优版)

初中英语中考语法总复习专题(提优版)一、选择题1.Our parents won't allow us _____ in the river alone.A.swimB.to swimC.swimmingD.swam2.My bike is broken. I will have it________ tomorrow morning.A.fix up B.fixed up C.repairing D.to repair 3.The joke was so funny that it made him ________ again and again.A.laughing B.laughed C.laugh D.to laugh 4.The way our students thought of ________ the classroom clean and tidy proved to be very useful.A.to keep B.keeping C.kept D.keeps5.The examination is coming. What else should we pay attention to ________our grades? A.to improve B.improving C.improve D.improved 6.—Why do the students need to read every day?—________information for writing.A.To collect B.Collecting C.Collect D.Collected 7.Online short video apps like Douyin make________easier to do some shopping at home. A.it B.one C.this D.that8.As a teacher, I chose those classical songs I listened to ________ my students these days. A.relax B.relaxing C.to relax D.relaxed 9.Sallie rolls up her new trousers carefully _____ them from dust.A.protect B.protecting C.to protect D.to protecting 10.—I didn’t hear you come in just now.—That’s great. I tried ________ the baby up.A.no waking B.don’t wake C.to not wake D.not to wake 11.—Why are you so excited today?—Because we were told a school trip this weekend.A.having B.have C.to have D.had12.---Max is a funny boy. His jokes always make us ________a lot.A.to laugh B.laughing C.laugh D.laughs13.I was tired out, so I stopped the car a short rest.A.have B.having C.to have D.had14.The computer requires ________. I think I need ________ to ask Mr. Zhang for help. A.fixing, to go B.to fix, going C.fixing, going D.to fix, to go 15.–Your robot has caught a virus and it no longer works properly.–Wow, ______ mess it has ma de! I really don’t know _______ to do with it.A.what, how B.how, how C.what a, what D.how, what16.—I hope to take the DIY course at weekends.—Good idea. ________ more about it, visit the website http://www. . please. A.Know B.To know C.Knowing D.To knowing 17.China now has many good chances for people returning from abroad their dreams. A.achieve B.achieved C.to achieve D.achieving18.―What do you think of the action movie Mulan?―It comes from an old Chinese story. Mulan dresses up as a boy and takes her father's place in the army.A.to fight B.fighting C.fights D.fought 19.—Look at the sign! You aren’t allowed _______ in public places.—Sorry, I didn’t see it.A.smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked 20.When you are home, give a call ___________ me know you have arrived safely.A.let B.to let C.letting D.be let21.一Have you got the tickets for the concert?一Not yet,I didn't realize difficult it was the tickets.A.what; to get B.what; getting C.how; to get D.how; getting22.There ______ a group of people _______on the beach.A.is, lying B.are, lying C.have, laid D.has,lie23.___________for his good skill, this doctor has a lot of visitors calling for help all the time. A.Knowing B.To know C.Known D.To have known 24.He tried to make himself ________ by his students, but he failed.A.understand B.understoodC.understands D.understanding25.My younger sister wants to get her ears ________ after graduation.A.pierced B.pierce C.piercing D.to pierce 26.—My eyesight is getting worse these days. I'd like to have my eyes________. —Perhaps you should consider ________the time on the computer.A.checked; reducing B.to check; reducingC.checked; to reduce D.checking; to reduce27.The music ________ by Mozart is well known ________ people all over the world. A.writes; as B.written; for C.written; as D.written; to 28.Mrs. White showed her student some old maps ________from the library.A.to borrow B.to be borrowed C.borrowed D.borrowing 29.Most of the artists____________ to the party were from South Africa.A.invite B.to invite C.invited D.inviting30.—I don’t know _____ remember the new English words.—Don’t worry! Try thinking about their pronunciations.A.what to B.how to C.where to D.when to 31.These young trees will require ________carefully.A.to look after B.being looked after C.having looked after D. looking after 32.Snakes don’t have ears but they can feel things ________.A.moving B.move C.moved D.to move 33.When Tom saw his mother ______ for him on a col d winter night, he couldn’t keep back his tears.A.wait B.waited C.to wait D.waiting 34.—What are you talking about?—Some pictures ________ yesterday.A.were taken B.took C.taken D.have been taken 35.—Tom, have you ever read the book A Tale of Two Cities ________ by Charles Dickens?—Yes, I finished reading it last winter vacation.A.wrote B.to write C.writing D.written 36.—What terrible weather!I simply can’t get the car________.—Why not try________the engine with some hot water?A.started; filling B.to start; filling C.started; to fill D.to start; to fill 37.A woman was found ________ in her house this morning. The police said she was wounded with a knife and bled to ________.A.died; death B.death; dead C.dead; death D.death; death 38.This food is cooked by a cook _____ Victor.A.call B.calls C.called D.calling39.Your hair is too long. You’d better _____.A.have it cut B.have cut it C.be cutting it D.to cut it40.________with his flat, mine looks__________ new.A.Compared; as good as B.To compare; as well as C.Compared; as well as D.To compare; as good as41.I think middle school students should not get their hair _______.A.color B.colors C.colored D.coloring42.I would rather spend time ______ at home than ______ out with you.A.staying; go B.to stay; to go C.staying; to go D.to stay; go43.The details the teachers asks to pay attention to ________ our English are very important. A.to improve B.improve C.improving D.improved 44.When I eat a mooncake, I prefer ________ it into small pieces before eating rather than________ it up straight.A.to cut;eat B.cutting;eat C.to cut;to eat D.cutting;eating 45.The girl is so helpful that she devoted all her spare time she had ________ others.A.to helping B.helping C.to help D.helped46._________ with Huawei and Xiaomi, Apple seems to have lost its attraction in the past few months.A.Comparing B.Compared C.Connecting D.Connected47.In spring, a mask can be helpful if flowers make your nose uncomfortable.A.wear B.wore C.wearing D.worn 48.Thousands of young people spend hours ______ Wechat moments of their friends every day. A.to check B.checking C.check D.checks49.We often see young couples go________ with their dogs along the lakeside paths at the weekend.A.jogging B.boating C.skiing D.swimming50._____ a GPS will make _______ easier for everyone to visit a strange place.A.Take, her B.Taking, that C.Taking, it D.Take, this51.I like ___________ because it makes us know ourselves better and know more about the world.A.reading B.read C.to read D.reads52.--Would you mind basketball here? I'm writing a report.--Sorry. We'll go and play it on the playground.A.playing B.not playing C.to play D.not to play53.My father often ________ 15 minutes ________ newspaper every night.A.spend;read B.spend; reading C.spends;reads D.spends; reading 54.—Did everyone attend the concert last night?—No, Emily preferred ________ TV at home to ________ the concert.A.to watch; attend B.to watch; attending C.watching; attend D.watching; attending 55.—Anyone shouldn’t _________ use fire outdoors.—Yeah, and we should pay attention to ________ our forests and grasslands.A.be allowed to; protect B.allow to; protectingC.be allowed to; protecting D.allow to; protected56.Peter enjoys ________ pictures in the country on Sundays.A.draw B.drawing C.to draw D.drew57._______ trees is a long-term project. Let's take good care of these trees we plant and wait for them to grow up.A.Plants B.Planted C.Plant D.Planting 58.Your English will be better if you practice _______ English for an hour every day. A.speak B.speaking C.to speak D.to speaking 59._______ up sales, many international companies plan to set up online shops.A.Push B.To push C.Pushing D.Having pushed 60.People are advised to avoid ________ their eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands. A.touch B.touched C.to touch D.touching【参考答案】一、选择题1.B解析:B【详解】句意:我们的父母不允许我们单独去河里游泳。

2025年湖北省武汉市中考英语一轮复习专题(语法专题+代词)课件

2025年湖北省武汉市中考英语一轮复习专题(语法专题+代词)课件

( B )5. (2024·东营)—Has ______ever been to Mars? —No, not yet. Maybe in the future. A. nobody B. anybody C. somebody D. everybody
( A )6. (2024·包头)Some animals move from one place to ______at certain times of the year. A. another B. other C. the other D. others
2025年湖北省武汉市英语2024一轮复习专题
语法专题 代词
命题点1 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词 辨形式
( D )1. (2024·连云港)Your school library looks as modern as ______. Can you show me around? A. we B. us C. our D. ours
( D )3. (2024·常州)Learning is a life-long journey, for it brings us ______new every day. A. everything B. nothing C. anything D. something
( D )4. (2024·徐州) ______other nurses in the hospital have worked here longer than Helen; only Lucy and Mary started working here before her. A. All B. Most C. Some D. Few
( C )3. (2024·河北)Where is your brother? I want to give ____ a book.

中考语法复习--连词专题

中考语法复习--连词专题
Group1 1.两者都… 2. 两者都不… 3.或者…或者 4.不仅…而且 5.当…的时候 6.和…一样 Group 2 Group 3 Group4 1. 因为 1. 一…就 1.尽管 2. 所以 2. 直到…才 2. 然而 3. 既然 3. 如果 3. 为了 4. 在…之前 4. 虽然 4. 如此…以致 5. 在…之后 5. 但是 5. 到..时间为止 6. 不如… 6. 以便于… 6.自从..以来
1.熟练区分各类连词的用法, 在不同的语境中使用不同连词. 2.单选题中准确快速地选出答案.
▲3.作文表达中灵活运用连词, 拼写正确,文章连贯流畅。
Show your favourite idols using conjunctions. Guess the meaning…
competition: (尽快写连词) write conj. as quickly as you can.
4. ___he ___ Susan swim very well, for they have trained since seven years ago. (湛江08中考) A. Either; or B. Neither; nor C. Both; and D. Between; and
5. Hurry up, ___ we’ll be late for the film. (韶关07中考) A.and B. but C. so D. or
8. Neither I nor he ____ been to Beijing. A.am B. is C. have D. has 9. ____his brother _____ sister are working in a computer company. A.Neither, nor B. Not only, bБайду номын сангаасt also C. Either, or D. Both, and 10. Lucy knew nothing about it ___ her sister told her. A. because B. until C. if D. since

2025年中考英语复习语法专题课件+★★ 动词

The next week,Selena 10 from her mother.It said,“Thanks for your lovely gift, but why did you send me three similar black umbrellas?”
( C )1.A.make B.sell C.buy ( B )2.A.tried B.decided C.forgot ( ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ )3.A.carry B.buy C.bring ( B )4.A.took B.spent C.paid ( C )5.A.kept B.looked C.felt
2025年中考英语复习语法专题 ★★ 动词
一、从方框中选择合适的动词,并用其适当形式填空。 lie,guess,believe,feel,cheer, copy,wear,forget,keep
1.Our school students will wear traditional clothes to experience the Sichuan Opera next weekend. 2.I didn't know the word's meaning,so I had to guess . 3.The boy often lay in the sofa to watch TV,so there was something wrong with his eyes finally.
二、语法填空。 A(2024·长春改编)
Westwood National Park is 1. a very huge national park.It is wellknown f or its fascinating scenes and many kinds of animals,especially bears.It is one o f my favorite places to take photos.

外研版初中英语中考语法总复习专题(提优版)

外研版初中英语中考语法总复习专题(提优版)一、选择题1.—It's time for school. Why not get on the bus?—Linda hasn't come yet. I ___________for her.A.have waited B.am waiting C.was waiting D.waited 2.—Where is mum?—She________in the kitchen.A.cooks B.is cooking C.will cook D.cooked3.I must leave now. My brother ________ for me outside.A.waits B.waited C.is waiting D.was waiting 4.Listen! The boy ________ the piano again.A.plays B.played C.will play D.is playing 5.— Tom, where is your little sister?— She _______ in the backyard now.A.is playing B.will play C.played D.plays 6.—Hi, Daming. What are you up to?—I ________ a project about family history.A.do B.did C.am doing D.was doing 7.—May I speak to Mr. Brown?—I am sorry. He _______ an important meeting in his office at the moment.A.has B.had C.is having D.will have 8.Now ABC Cinema on Forest Road ________ the old film called Roman Holiday.A.is show B.is showing C.is showed D.is on 9.—What’s that noise, Mike?—My little sister ________ with her toy car now.A.plays B.played C.will play D.is playing 10.Listen! Someone __________ in the next room.A.sings B.sang C.was singing D.is singing 11.The zoo keeper is worried because the number of visitors ________ smaller and smaller. A.become B.are becoming C.is becoming D.have become 12.—Yesterday I received a letter from Mr.An.—You did? I hear he________for America next year.A.has left B.leaves C.left D.is leaving 13.—Hurry up!—One moment. I ________ my e-mails.A.reading B.am reading C.was reading D.have read 14.—I _____to Beijing tomorrow.—Have a good trip!A.flies B.fly C.am flying D.flew 15.—Mom, it’s so late. Why don’t you go to bed?—Your brother hasn’t come back yet. I ________ for him.A.wait B.am waiting C.has waited D.waited 16.—Mary, let's go to the cinema. There’s a new movie called Avengers IV.—Not now, I _____________ my brother David with his math.A.help B.helped C.am helping D.have helped 17.—Where is Frank?—He _________ to music in his room.A.listens B.is listening C.listened D.was listening 18.—Hey! You nearly hit the tree! What’s up?— Sorry, I ________ the trip to my hometown.A.think about B.am thinking about C.was thinking about D.thought about 19.It dark. Shall I turn on the light?A.gets B.got C.is getting D.was getting 20.— Where are the officers?— Look! They ________ the elephant in the palace now.A.touched B.will touch C.touch D.are touching 21.—Dad, I can’t work out this math problem. Can you give me a hand?— Wait a moment. I ________ on the phone.A.am talking B.will talk C.was talking D.have talked 22.You’d better not go this way. The workers _________ the road.A.have repaired B.are repairing C.repaired D.will repair 23.—What is your mother doing, Linda?—She ________ dinner in the kitchen now.A.is cooking B.was cooking C.cooks D.cooking 24.—Where is your mother, Kitty?—She ________ dinner in the kitchen.A.cooks B.cooked C.is cooking D.will cook 25.—Lily, where is our father now? Go and get him for lunch.—Just a moment, please. Father ________ a phone call in his room.A.is making B.was making C.makes D.has made 26.I can’t hear you. I ______ to an English speech.A.am listening B.listen C.was listening 27.Xifeng Street is closed today because workers _______ some repairs.A.make B.made C.are making D.were making 28.—Tina, let’s go out for shopping.—Sorry, Amy. I __________ my homework.A.do B.am doing C.did29.—Where is your father, Lily?—He ________ in the kitchen.A.cooked B.cooks C.will cook D.is cooking30.— Tina, the TV show has already been on. Come and watch together.— Wait a moment. I ________ coffee in the kitchen.A.am making B.have made C.make D.made31.The students in our group ________ the final preparation for the match. We are sure to win. A.made B.are making C.make D.will make 32.—Tom, what’s your sist er doing?— She ________ her homework in the study.A.does B.will do C.did D.is doing 33.Many children in South Sudan ________ the trouble of hunger at the moment.A.face B.faces C.is facing D.are facing 34.Be quiet! The students ________ an English exam.A.take B.are taking C.took D.have made 35.— Ruby, can you help do the dishes?— Just a moment, Mom. I ________ the flowers.A.water B.am watering C.watered D.have watered 36.—Tom, where is your father?—He ________ my bike.A.is repairing B.repairs C.has repaired D.will repair 37.—John, how was your interview on Monday?—No idea. I for the result. I was told it would come in two days.A.wait B.waited C.will wait D.am waiting 38.Betty can’t join us in the card game. She ________ the classroom.A.has cleaned B.was cleaning C.has cleaned D.is cleaning 39.—Can Peter play games with us, Mrs. Hawking?—Wait a minute. He ________ a shower.A.is taking B.taken C.took D.was taking 40.Be quiet. Your brother ________ classes online.A.has B.is having C.will have D.had【参考答案】一、选择题1.B【详解】句意:——该上学了。

【中考英语一轮复习语法一点通】语法专题八 情态动词(学生版)

语法专题八、情态动词(常考)考点精讲情态动词表示讲话人的态度、请求、许可、愿望、可能等。

本身具有一定的意义,但不能独立作谓语,没有人称和数的变化,且后面必须跟动词原形。

常考的情态动词有:can/could(能够,可以),may/might(可能,可以),must(必须,一定),should(应该),need(必要),have to(不得不)等。

Need用作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句,need还可作实意动词,常用结构need to do sth.考点1.情态动词+动原➢He can play the violin. 他会拉小提琴。

➢It might snow tomorrow. 明天可能下雪。

➢We should respect everyone. 我们应该尊重每一个人。

考点2.常考的一般疑问句的回答—Can you swim?—Yes, I can. /No, I can’t.—May I smoke here?—Yes, you may/can. /Sure. / Certainly. / Of course. /No, you mustn't / can’t.—Must we finish the work at once?—Yes,you must. /No,you needn't. / No,you don't have to.(must引导的一般疑问句的否定回答是常考点)考点3.must必须(强调主观看法)mustn’t表示禁止,不允许➢You must study harder this term. 你们这学期必须更加努力学习。

(说话者的个人看法)➢You mustn’t swim in the river. 你们千万不能去河里游泳。

(这条河禁止游泳)考点4.情态动词表推测表推测:由强到弱肯定:must 准是,一定can 可能could(可能)may (或许) might(大概)否定:can’t 不可能may/ might not 或许不能can 和could 表示推测,can 表示推测时,往往用于否定句和疑问句。

【中考英语一轮复习语法一点通】语法专题十六 主谓一致(教师版)

语法专题十六、主谓一致考点精讲主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词和主语在人称和数上保持一致。

有三条原则:1. 语法一致原则2. 意义一致的原则3. 就近原则考点一、语法一致原则是指主语和谓语动词在语法形式上保持一致。

即主语为单数,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数,谓语动词也采用复数形式。

1、主语是不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式、动词-ing形式、从句等,谓语动词用单数。

➢Coffee is more popular in western countries.2、主语是复数名词、复数代词、谓语动词用复数形式。

如:➢Some boys are playing in the park.3、由and 或both...and来连接并列主语时,谓语动词用复数。

例如:➢Swimming and walking are good exercises.[注意]1)但是,并列主语如果表示同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式(这时and后的名词前没有冠词)。

例如:➢Their teacher and friend is Mr. Li.2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别被no, each, every或many a , more than one修饰时,其谓语动词用单数形式。

例如:➢In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.➢Many a student is having practice in that factory.4、如果主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, like, but, except, besides,including, no less than, rather than ,as much as,more than, in addition to等时,谓语动词的数和主语保持一致。

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中考语文专题复习——语法知识 针对语法这一知识点,《课程标准》提出的要求是“了解基本的语法知识,用来帮助理解课文中的语言难点。”《学业考试指导与训练》据此提出“掌握最基本的语法知识,能够分析句子成分”的能力要点。 语法知识包含的内容很多,今天,我只和大家共同探讨“词性、短语、句子成分、句子主干”的复习。中考语法考查的重点是“分析句子成分,提取句子主干”。但语法知识是环环相扣的,学生若没有“词的分类”、“短语类型”的知识做基础,很难下手分析句子成分,更不用提句子主干的划分。介于此,我从以下几个方面着手复习语法知识。 一、梳理语法知识点。 为了让学生熟练掌握基本的语法知识,我分类解说语法的四个专题,即词类、短语、句子成分、句子主干。 (一)词的分类 六年级下册课本附录了实词词类表(详见六下课本附录),七年级上册附录了虚词词类表(详见七上课本附录)。表格中列举了各种词类的作用,并从学生所学的课文中举例说明。 复习时,我把这两大知识点合到一起,让学生对词类有一个全面的认识。(多媒体出示12种词类) 词分为实词和虚词两大类。实词就是有实际意义的词,能够单独充当句子成分,一般能单独回答问题。实词包括:名词、动词、形容词、代词、数词、量词。 虚词是指没有完整的词汇意义、但有语法意义或功能意义的词,虚词是不能单独充当句子成分的词,有连接或附着各类实词的语法意义。虚词包括:副词、介词、连词、助词、叹词、拟声词。 (二)短语类型 短语的基本类型是凭内部结构关系分的类型。它的使用频率最高,大量反复出现在各种各类句子中。必须掌握短语五种基本类型,才能为分析句子成分打好基础。七年级下册附录了短语结构类型表(详见七年级下册课本附录)。短语包括五种类型:并列短语、偏正短语、动宾短语、后补短语、主谓短语。(多媒体出示五种短语类型) (三)句子成分 句子是由词或短语构成,有一定的语气语调,能表达一个相对完整的意思。 七年级下册附录了句子成分简表。句子的成分主要有以下六种:主语、谓语、宾语、补语、定语、状语。要求学生记住句子成分及结构公式,并能够运用符号准确划分句子成分。(多媒体出示句子成分及结构公式) [状语],(定语)主语﹢[状语]谓语﹢(定语)宾语 (四)提取句子主干 句子的主干就是把句子的定语、状语、补语压缩后剩下的部分。句子主干一般由主语中心语、谓语中心语和宾语中心语组成。例如: “寻求真理的唯一途径是对事物客观的探索。”(多媒体出示) 这个句子的主语由偏正短语“寻求真理的唯一途径”组成,包含中心语“途径”和定语“寻求真理的”、“唯一”;谓语的中心语是“是”,宾语由偏正短语“对事物客观的探索”充当,包含宾语中心语“探索”和定语“对事物”、“客观的”。压缩后,只保留主语中心语、谓语中心语和宾语中心语,就是“途径是探索”。 二、系统复习 (一)词类及短语类型 烟台中考语法考查的重点是“分析句子成分、提取句子主干”。但复习这一知识点需要 涉及到词类、短语类型等语法知识。句子和短语的区别就是句子有语气、语调,而短语没有。多数短语加上标点符号就是句子,句子由短语构成。因此要正确分析句子成分,学生必须先熟练掌握短语类型。而要掌握短语类型又需要借助词类这一知识点。复习“句子成分、句子主干”之前,有必要复习词类及短语类型。我遵循简便、实用的原则,复习词类及短语类型不求全面,而是结合中考语法重点有所侧重。具体操作如下: 1、学生对照六年级下册附录的实词词类表和七年级上册附录的虚词词类表自己复习词类知识。为了便于记忆,采用口诀记忆法识记。口诀如下:(多媒体出示) “名动形、数量代、副介连助叹拟声”; “实词可做主谓宾,虚词可怜无人问” “副词放在动形前,介词落在名代前”; “叹助位置各不同,叹在句首助在尾”。 2、强调以下几种词类 (1)关于动词的说明: 其中的能愿动词常常放在一般动词前面,在提取句子主干时要保留到主干中,复习词类时我单独强调能愿动词。结合具体的句子说明。 例如:“把皮一剥,我就能吃下去。” (2)数词的语法特点: ①数目增加,可以用分数表示,也可以用倍数表示; ②数目减少,只能用分数,不能用倍数。 掌握这一常识,可以正确修改此类病句。 (3)副词的语法特点: ①副词主要用来修饰、限制动词或形容词,在动词、形容词前面作状语。 ②副词有时用在形容词后面,补充说明程度、结果,作补语。 (4)介词的语法特点: ①不能单独作句子成分,必须放在名词、代词或名词短语前组成介词短语; ②介词短语在谓语之前只能作状语,在谓语之后作补语。 3、区分动宾短语和后补短语。(多媒体出示) 七年级下册附录的短语结构类型表中介绍了各种短语类型的结构特点,并附有举例,学生根据表格复习短语知识,难点在于“动宾短语”和“中心语是动词的后补短语”,学生易于混淆。学生梳理完短语类型这一知识点后,我着重强调这两种短语的区别。区别如下: “动+补”能回答“干得怎样”或“干多长时间”,而动宾短语只能回答“干什么”,“宾”是“动”的对象。为了让学生清楚分辨这两种类型的短语,我用同一动词比较分析,举例如下: 吃饱(吃得怎样,“饱”补充说明吃的程度——后补短语) 吃饭(吃什么,“饭”是“吃”的对象——动宾短语) 洗干净(洗得怎样,“干净”补充说明洗的结果——后补短语) 洗衣服(洗什么,“衣服”是“洗”的对象——动宾短语) 4、使用短语应注意的问题(多媒体出示) 短语是由不同的成分组合而成的,因此组合时就要注意成分之间的配合。成分之间的配合有两个原则:一是要合乎事理,二是要合乎语言习惯。复习短语类型时,我结合典型例子引导学生注意使用短语易出现的问题。 (1)主谓短语中,主语和谓语配合要得当。比如:我们可以说“数量增加”、“质量提高”,但不能说“数量提高”、“质量增加”;可以说“红旗飘扬”、“雪花飞舞”,但一般不说“红旗飞舞”、“雪花飘扬”等等。 如果主语和谓语配合不当,就会影响语意的准确表达。例如: “最近,珍珍的学习明显下降了。” “下降”一般是指高度或数量说的,如我们可以说“飞机下降”、“气温下降”;而学习既没有高度也没有数量,所以①说“学习明显下降”不合事理。 (2)动宾短语中,要注意动词和宾语能够配合。比如:我们可以说“端正态度”、“下定决心”。不能说“端正决心”、“下定态度”;可以说“发现目标”、“解决困难”,不能说“发现困难”、“解决目标”。 如果动词和宾语配合不当,也会影响语意的准确表达。例如: “大路两旁,到处都种植着果园。” “种植”的对象应该是“果树”,而不是“果园”。如果要保留“果园”,可以把“种植着”改为“是”。 (3)偏正短语当中,定语、状语在表达上很重要。它们对中心语所表示的事物,动作行为或事物的性状起修饰作用,能够使语意表达准确、生动、形象。定语、状语的使用要恰当,要符合所修饰的对象的特点,否则就起不到应起的作用,甚至会影响语意的表达。例如: ①各种读书声汇成一支动听的歌声。 ②会上,他积极地听取了大家的批评意见。 ①中的“一支”是数量,不能限制不可数的“歌声”。②“积极”修饰“听取”,不合乎语言习惯,应该把“积极”换为“认真”。 (4)并列短语表示并列的几种事物,几种动作行为或并列的几种性状,使用时要注意几项并列一定要恰当,否则就不能准确地表情达意。特别是几种事物并列时,要注意它们之间的关系。下边几个例子中的并列短语都有并列不当的毛病。 ①这个商店出售食品、水果和糕点。 ②晚会上表演了音乐、舞蹈和气功等文艺节目。 ③参加这次活动的都是共青团员和中学生。 ④我们应该培养自己解决问题、观察问题和分析问题的能力。 ①中的“食品”包括了“水果和糕点”,不能把它和“水果”、“糕点”并列在一起。②中的“气功”不属于文艺,不能和“音乐、舞蹈”并列。③中的“共青团员”和“中学生”所指范围有交叉,因此这两个词不能组成并列短语。④中面对一个问题,先“解决”,然后再“观察”、“分析”,这显然不合事理。 (二)分析句子成分。(多媒体出示) 分析句子成分是提取句子主干的前提。我重点引导学生通过例句具体分析句子成分。 1、学生对照七年级下册课本后面附录的句子成分简表识记六种句子成分及符号。 2、教给学生分析句子成分的方法技巧(多媒体出示) 先找出主语、谓语和宾语,再找补语、定语和状语(联系短语类型,尤其是偏正短语和后补短语)。 3、难点攻破(多媒体出示) 能分析出句子的补语、定语、状语是难点,为了便于学生能分清这三种成分,我提醒学生注意以下几点: (1)定语和状语都是偏正结构中心语的修饰性成分,一般来说,主语和宾语中心语前面的修饰成分是定语,谓语中心语前面的修饰成分是状语。 (2)补语是后补短语的修饰性成分,只能在谓语的后面。 (3)前面词类中强调的介词短语,在谓语之前只能作状语,谓语之后只能作补语。 4、强化练习(多媒体出示) 指出下列句子划线部分在句中属于什么成分,用符号标示出来。(此练习重在引导学生 分析状语、定语和补语) (1)[立春过后],大地[逐渐从沉睡中]苏醒〈过来〉。 (2)(王明阳)的思想[还在继续]支配着(一些中国人读书)的头脑。 (3)画眉[在树林边婉转] 地歌唱。 (4)(我国)的石拱桥有(悠久的)历史。 (5)她住。 (6)石拱桥[在世界桥梁史上]出现得。 (7)苏州园林栽种和修剪树木也着眼。 (8)(一个衣服褴褛、满脸皱痕)的年老水手[在船上]卖牡蛎。 5、口诀识记 (多媒体出示) 主谓宾,定状补,主干枝叶分清楚; 句子成分要划对,纵观全局找主谓; 定语必居主宾前,谓前为状谓后补; 介词短语多状补,不能充当主和宾。 6、实战演练 学生对课文语句比较熟悉,我从考纲规定的现代文基本篇目中筛选出一些典型例句,让学生分析。示例如下: (1)(赵州桥)(高度)的(技术)水平和(不朽)的(艺术)价值,[充分]显示了(我国)(劳动人民)的智慧和力量。(《中国石拱桥》) (2)(永定河上)的卢沟桥,修建。(《中国石拱桥》) (3)我[从此][就]看见(许多)(陌生)的先生。(《藤野先生》) (4)(蠢笨)的企鹅,[胆怯]地[把肥胖的身体]躲藏。(《海燕》) (5)花香鸟语、草长莺飞[都]是(大自然)的语言。(《大自然的语言》) (6)(我们)的老师[今天]穿了(他那件挺漂亮)的(绿色)礼服。(《最后一课》) (7)[对于叔叔回国这桩十拿九稳的事],大家[还]拟定了(上千种)计划。(《我的叔叔于勒》) (8)我国[在治理沙漠方面][已经]取得了(若干)成绩。(《向沙漠进军》) (9)敌人[从炮楼的小窗子里],呆望着(这阴森黑暗的)(大)苇塘。(《芦花荡》) (三)提取句子主干 这是中考语法考察的重点,复习词类、短语类型、句子成分都是为提取句子主干打基础。 “提取句子主干”这一知识点,课本上没有提到,需要教师在复习“分析句子成分”时重点强调。学生若能正确地分析出六种句子成分,再把起修饰作用的补语、定语、状语去掉,剩余的便是句子的主干。提取句子主干不能改变句子的原意,我结合具体的句子强调学生注意以下几个问题:(多媒体出示) (1)一个句子中,如果谓语中心语前面有否定词(“不”“没有”等),要把否定词保留在主干中,以免主干和原句的意思相反。如: “暖国的雨向来没有变过冰冷的坚硬的灿烂的雪花。” 这个句子中“没有”要保留在主干中,即该句的主干是“雨没有变过雪花。”否则“雨变过雪花”就改变了原句的意思。 (2)能愿动词应保留在主干中。如: “我们对于传说的话,应当经过一番思考。” 这个句子的“应当”要保留在主干中,即该句的主干是“我们应当思考。” (3)主谓短语充当主语或宾语时,划分句子主干要保留。如:

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