infinitive and gerund(不定式和动名词用法归纳)

动名词不定式用法专议

一. 用动名词的情况

1.v+doing (recite背出来)

D,M,E,P,S,I,C,A,R,F (understand)

D: deny delay

M: mind, miss, mention

E: enjoy, escape, excuse, encourage(鼓励)

P: practice, prevent, permit（允许）

S: suggest, save

I: imagine

C: consider(考虑)

A: admit, avoid, advise, allow, appreciate(感激，欣赏)

R: resist(抵制；抵御), risk，recommend(推荐，建议)

F: finish, feel like, forbid(禁止)

*Attention:

*allow, permit, forbid, advise, recommend, encourage +sb.+to do sth

+doing

e.g. we don’t allow students to smoke here.

smoking here

I recommend taking a holiday.

you to take a holiday.

*need, want, require,”需要”，deserve“应得”，可以主动形式表示被动含义e.g. The window needs/ wants/ requires cleaning

to be cleaned.

He deserved hanging (他最该万死)

to be hanged

The book is (well) worth reading. (这本书非常值得一读)

2.使用动名词的句型

1）there is no + doing = it is impossible to do 根本不可能

e.g.There is no telling what will happen.

2) it is no use/good + doing “做。。。是没用的”

not any use/ good

useless

e.g. It is no use/ good making an excuse for this.

3) 在have trouble 等的后面

have difficulty / trouble (in) + doing

have fun/ headaches (in) + doing

e.g. We had great difficulty (in) solving the problem

They had a lot of fun listening to the story.

4) 在下列以time 为中心词的短语后

have a hard/ good time

waste/spend a lot of time

lose no time (in) + doing

e.g. We had a difficult time finding a hotel.

5) do (some/ much/ a lot of) + cooking,cleaning, reading, washing, sightseeing

go fishing, swimming, surfing, shopping

3.关于动名词的逻辑主语

e.g. Tom’s /His being late for school made the teacher angry.

She didn’t mind jack’s/ his coming late.

二.用不定式的情况

1.V + to do

attempt, agree, ask, arrange, choose, decide, desire(要求)，demand(要求)，expect, fail(未能)，hope，intend(打算)，manage（设法），offer，promise（承诺），pretend（假装），wish

2.V + sb. + to do

advise, allow, ask, cause(引起)，expect（期望），drive(迫使)，force, get, invite

3.不定式作定语

⏹ A decision to leave / ways to protect our crops/ the ability to solve the problem

the attempt to rescue Christine/ the ambition to be a writer/ the chance to go abroad

⏹

⏹The only, 序数词（the first, the second, the last, 形容词最高级修饰的名词也常用不

定式作定语

e.g.She is the first person to leave the office.

4. 不定式作状语

*目的状语

in order to, in order not to

so as to, so as not to(不能用于句首)

e.g. check your article in order to avoid mistakes.

*结果状语

e.g. He hurried to the station only to find the train had left. (表示出乎意料)