中考英语短文改错题方法指导

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短文改错题方法指导

做短文改错题应注意以下几个步骤:

一、首先通读短文,初步理解短文大意,同时改正一些较容易的错误。短文中的一些句子就其本身来看,无法确定划线部分错在何处,只有通读全文,了解句子与句子之间的关系,特别是划线部分与上下文的关系,才能找出正确答案。如:“When his mother was out, the telephone rang and Jimmy answered them.”一句中,只有读懂句中划线部分指上文中的telephone,才能写出正确答案it。

二、在通读短文的基础上,一句一句地仔细阅读短文。

(一)从语法分析入手

1)冠词a; an; the或省冠词(如不可数名词)

2)区别可数、不可数。若是可数名词则应注意该单数还是复数(且注意复数的变化形式是否正确。

3)形、副区别:

①判定该形还是副。

②注意形、副的比较等级(且注意变化形式)。

4)代词:

①区别人称主格、宾格。

②区别形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词。

③区别this / that、 these / those、one / ones、it / them。

④不定代词(区别二者与三者;单数还是复数;肯定还是否定)

5)动词:

①时态、语态(主谓一致、动词各种变化形式是否正确)及非谓语形式——不定式和动名词。

②动词短语的固定形式(如listen to与listen)。

③区别近义词(如hear与listen to)。

6)数词:判定该基数词还是序数词(以及序数词的变化形式)。

7)介词:正确区别、运用介词。

8)连词:正确区别、运用连词。

(二)从句子结构判定所用词是否恰当(重点从句子成分的角度着手,该用何词性)。

(三)注意固定搭配(如the way to …)。

三、用改正后的答案代替相应的划线部分,从头到尾反复阅读短文,验证改正的答案是否正确。

中考英语短文改错考点详解及真题解析

一.中考英语短文改错考点·非谓语动词错误

非谓语动词包括不定式、分词、动名词3种形式。如:

(1) In 1943 Jacques Coustean and his friend made it possible by invent the scuba machine. (杭州市中考题)

「说明」invent改为inventing,inventing是动名词,作介词by的宾语。

(2) Many people like travel by air,but Jim‘s family think that traveling by train is the best. (杭州市中考题)

「说明」travel改为to travel或traveling,不定式或动名词作动词like的动词宾语。

(3) Many countries began look for ways to go into space. (广元市中考题)

「说明」look改为looking或to look,不定式或动名词作动词began的动词宾语

(4) School children walked with their shirts,coasts and anything else they could find pull up over their noses. (苏州市中考题)

「说明」pull改为pulled,“with+宾语+动词的过去分词”结构作伴随状语,with结构中宾语与动词之间是逻辑被动关系。

(5) The people of the desert have to keep move from place to place. (重庆市中考题)

「说明」move改为moving,keep doing sth有“继续做某事”的意思。

二. 中考英语短文改错考点·比较等级错误

(1) It is much cheap and far more enjoyable than a rushed trip by air. (杭州市中考题)

「说明」cheap改为 cheaper, much, far, still, a little, a bit修饰形容词或副词的比较级,加强语气。

(2) They made people healthier and live long. (广元市中考题)

「说明」long改为比较级形式longer,与healthier是平行结构。

形容词、副词的误用主要指形容词,副词的混用。

(3) Scientists wanted to see how good their bodies worked when they had different things.

「说明」good改为well,well作副词,修饰动词worked.

(4) By this time most people had a very well life. (广元市中考题)

「说明」well改为good, good作形容词,修饰名词life.

三. 中考英语短文改错考点·句法错误

1. 并列连词的混用

(1) The world was known to man and the universe was not. (广元市中考题)

「说明」根据行文逻辑,表示并列关系的and 应改为表示转折关系的but.

(2) Coustean was very interested in diving deep into the sea, but wanted to be an explorer. (杭州市中考题)

「说明」根据行文逻辑,表示转折关系的but 应改为表示并列关系的and.

(3) They would never refuse to help people in trouble, but they would give them food and water. (重庆市中考题)

「说明」根据行文逻辑,表示表示转折关系的but 应改为表示并列关系的and.

(4) He has been to many interesting places in Beijing, and he has not yet been to many other parts of China. (杭州市中考题)

「说明」根据行文逻辑,表示并列关系的and 应改为表示转折关系的but.

(5) “So something must be done to keep the air nice or clean,” said the scientists. (苏州市中考题)

「说明」根据行文逻辑,表示选择关系的or 应改为表示并列关系的and.

(6) “ I know only a chicken is too little for a king‘s evening meal. But I have brought

a wolf for you besides the chicken.” (郴州市中考题)

「说明」根据行文逻辑,表示表示转折关系的But 应改为表示因果关系的So.

2. 连接词的用法错误

这类错误考查句子与句子之间的关系。连接词的使用错误往往会使句子的逻辑关系发生改变,甚至造成句子的语义逻辑混乱。要想把这类错误纠正出来,需要考生对上下文有总体的理解,头脑中有个大概的框架。如:

(1) They had a wonderful train ride to Chengdu after they went on to Mount Emei by bus. (杭州市中考题)

「说明」根据句子的意思将after改为before,表示“他们坐汽车去峨眉山之前,愉快地坐火车先到了成都”。

(2) The result is that they eat a light breakfast, they will work better. (镇江市中考题)

「说明」在 that 后增加if 或when .在表语从句that if / when they eat a light breakfast, they will work better中,包含有if或when引导的状语从句,修饰句子they will work better.句子翻译成:(实验) 结果是如果他们少量地吃点早餐,会工作得更出色。

(3) It‘s different from how people think. (镇江市中考题)

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