质量管理常用英文单词

QM--quality management--质量管理

quality manager质量经理

QE--quality engineer--质量工程师

QA--quality assurance--质量保证

QC--quality control--质量控制

IQC--incomingquality control--进料检验PQC--process quality control--制程检验

FQC--finished quality control--成品检验

OQC--outgoing quality control--出货检验

SQE--supplier quality engineer--供应商质量工程师

QSE--quality system engineer--质量体系工程师

AQE--assistant quality engineer--质量助理工程师

PQE--process quality engineer--过程质量工程师 CS--client server--客户服务

PQC--process quality control--制程检验,,,,,,,,,improcess

FQC--finished quality control--成品检验,,,,,,,,,final加上VQA--Vendor quality assurance--供应商质量保证parts per million，简称PPM}就是每百万坏品率少于3.

全面质量管理（TQM）

质量一致性检验inspecton of quality conformity

仲裁性质质量监督quality supervision for arbitration

产品保护product protection

产品定型product approval

产品分等product classificatin

产品规范product specification

产品设计product design

产品质量product quality

产品合格率product percent of pass

产品系列化product seriation

产品管理标准product management standard

产品计量单位unit of measurement of product

产品售后服务after service

产品质量标志product quality mark

产品质量标准product quality standard

产品质量管理product quality management

产品质量检验product quality inspection

产品质量监督检验product quality supervision and inspection

产品质量认证标志certification marking of product quality

产品质量认证程序certification procedure of product quality

产品质量认证制度certification system of product quality

认证certification

立法legislation

自行认证self-certification

认可accreditation

安全认证safety certification

安全认证标志mark of safety certification

强制性认证compulsory certificate

实验室鉴定laboratory qualification

实验室认证laboratory certification

自愿认证制voluntary system of certification

法规机构regulatory authorities

认证活动certification activity

认证体系certification system

认证计划certification scheme

认证机构certification body

检验机构inspecton body

许可证licence

申请人applicant

许可证持有者licensee

合格证书certificate of conformity

合格标记mark of conformity

认证体系的利用access to certification system

认证体系的参与者participant in certification system

认证体系的成员member of certification system

批准approval

型式批准type approval

测试实验室的认可accreditation of testing laboratory

认可accreditation

认可体系accreditation system

认可机构accreditation body

认可的实验室accredited laboratory

认可准则acreditatin criteria

实验室评定laboratory assessment

实验室评定者laboratory assessor

认可的实验室的试验报告accredited laboratory test report

批准签署人approved signatory

承认和批准协议recognition and approval arrangement

承认协议recognition arrangement

单边协议unilateral arrangement

双边协议bilateral arrangement

多边协议multilateral arrangemetn

互利reciprocity

平等待遇equal treatmetn

国家待遇national treatment

国家和平等待遇national and equal treatment

合格及有关的通用概念conformity and related general concept 合格conformity

合格测试conformity testing

合格acceptable

合格品acceptable part

合格标志mark of conformity

合格认证conformity certification

合格认证标志mark of conformity certification

合格品标志mark of acceptable product

合格证书certificate of conformity

合格证检查inspection by certificate

合格质量检查acceptable quality level

评定合格assessment of conformity

合格评定conformity assessment

型式评价type evaluation

合格监督conformity surveillance

合格证明verification of conformity

合格保证assurance of conformity

供货商声明supplier's declaration

生产许可证production licence

一致consensus

检验inspection

不定期检验nonperiodic inspection

抽样检验sampling inspection

出厂检验exfactory inspection

第一方检验first party inspection

第二方检验second party inspection

第三方检验third party inspection

第三方认证制度third pary certification

定期检验periodic inspection

交收检验acceptance inspeciton

例行检验routine inspeciton

生产检验produciton inspeciton

生产定型检验production approval inspeciton

验收检验acceptance inspeciton

验证检验compliance test

仲裁检验arbitration inspection

制造商担保guarantee by manufacturer

百分比抽样检查percent sampling inspection

不合格判定数rejection number

不合格质量水平rejecton quality level

抽查型质量监督sampling quality supervision

环境监测environmental monitoring

抽样sampling

多次抽样multiple sampling

分层抽样stratified sampling

分层随机抽样stratified random smapling

多级抽样multistage sampling

二次抽样double sampling

试件test piece

试验报告test report

试样test sample

测试设备testing equipment

测试试验室testing laboratority

商标trademark

商品名称trade-name

测试testing

试验test

实验室间的试验比较interlaboratory test comparisons

熟练水平试验proficiency testing

次品defective product

代用产品substitute product

定量试验quantitative test

出口管理export control

出口许可证制度export control

进口许可证制度import licence system

定额管理quota management

非关税壁垒non-tarrif barrier

关税壁垒tariff barrier

关税普遍优惠制general preferential duties

Core value（核心价值）

Love 爱心

Confidence信心

Decision 决心

Corporate culture(公司文化)

Integration融合

Responsibility 责任

Progress 进步

3T STRATEGY

Time to market及时切入生产

Time to volume及时大量生产

Time to money及时大量交货

FOUR CONTROL SYSTEM 四大管制系统

Engineering control system 工程管制系统

Quality control system品质管制系统

Manufacturing control system生产管制系统

Management control system经营管制系统

7S

Classification整理(sorting, organization)-seiri

Regulation整顿(arrangement, tidiness)-seiton

Cleanliness清扫(sweeping, purity)-seiso

Conservation清洁(cleaning, cleanliness)-seiktsu

Culture教养(discipline)-shitsuke

Save 节约

Safety安全

二:英文缩写

品质人员名称类

QC quality control 品质管理人员

FQC final quality control 终点品质管制人员

IPQC in process quality control 制程中的品质管制人员

OQC output quality control 最终出货品质管制人员

IQC incoming quality control 进料品质管制人员

TQC total quality control 全面质量管理

POC passage quality control 段检人员

QA quality assurance 质量保证人员

OQA output quality assurance 出货质量保证人员

QE quality engineering 品质工程人员

品质保证类

FAI first article inspection 新品首件检查

FAA first article assurance 首件确认

CP capability index 能力指数

CPK capability process index 模具制程能力参数

SSQA standardized supplier quality audit 合格供应商品质评估

FMEA failure model effectiveness analysis 失效模式分析

FQC运作类

AQL Acceptable Quality Level 运作类允收品质水准

S/S Sample size 抽样检验样本大小

ACC Accept 允收

REE Reject 拒收

CR Critical 极严重的

MAJ Major 主要的

MIN Minor 轻微的

Q/R/S Quality/Reliability/Service 品质/可靠度/服务

P/N Part Number 料号

L/N Lot Number 批号

AOD Accept On Deviation 特采

UAI Use As It 特采

FPIR First Piece Inspection Report 首件检查报告

PPM Percent Per Million 百万分之一

制程统计品管专类

SPC Statistical Process Control 统计制程管制

SQC Statistical Quality Control 统计品质管制

GRR Gauge Reproductiveness & Repeatability 量具之再制性及重测性判断量可靠与否DIM Dimension 尺寸

DIA Diameter 直径

N Number 样品数

其它品质术语类

QIT Quality Improvement Team 品质改善小组

ZD Zero Defect 零缺点

QI Quality Improvement 品质改善

QP Quality Policy 目标方针

TQM Total Quality Management 全面品质管理

RMA Return Material Audit 退料认可

7QCTools 7 Quality Control Tools 品管七大手法

通用之件类

ECN Engineering Change Notice 工程变更通知(供应商)

ECO Engineering Change Order 工程改动要求(客户)

PCN Process Change Notice 工序改动通知

PMP Product Management Plan 生产管制计划

SIP Standard Inspection Procedure 制程检验标准程序

SOP Standard Operation Procedure 制造作业规范

IS Inspection Specification 成品检验规范

BOM Bill Of Material 物料清单

PS Package Specification 包装规范

SPEC Specification 规格

DWG Drawing 图面

系统文件类

ES Engineering Standard 工程标准

CGOO China General PCE龙华厂文件

IWS International Workman Standard 工艺标准

ISO International Standard Organization 国际标准化组织

GS General Specification 一般规格

部类

PMC Production & Material Control 生产和物料控制

PCC Product control center 生产管制中心

PPC Production Plan Control 生产计划控制

MC Material Control 物料控制

DC Document Center 资料中心

QE Quality Engineering 品质工程(部)

QA Quality Assurance 品质保证(处)

QC Quality Control 品质管制(课)

PD Product Department 生产部

LAB Laboratory 实验室

IE Industrial Engineering 工业工程

R&D Research & Design 设计开发部

生产类

PCs Pieces 个(根,块等)

PRS Pairs 双(对等)

CTN Carton 卡通箱

PAL Pallet/skid 栈板

PO Purchasing Order 采购订单

MO Manufacture Order 生产单

D/C Date Code 生产日期码

ID/C Identification Code (供应商)识别码

SWR Special Work Request 特殊工作需求

L/N Lot Number 批号

P/N Part Number 料号

OEM Original Equipment Manufacture 原设备制造

PC Personal Computer 个人电脑

CPU Central Processing Unit 中央处理器

Soon As Possible 尽可能快的

E-MAIL Electrical-Mail 电子邮件

N/A Not Applicable 不适用

QTY Quantity 数量

I/O input/output 输入/输出

NG Not Good 不行,不合格

C=0 Critical=0 极严重不允许

APP Approve 核准,认可,承认

CHK Check 确认

ASS'Y Assembly 装配,组装

T/P True Position 真位度

5WIH When, Where, Who, What, Why, How to

6M Man, Machine, Material, Method, Measurement, Message

4MTH Man, Material, Money, Method, Time, How 人力,物力,财务,技术,时间(资源) SQA Strategy Quality Assurance 策略品质保证

DQA Design Quality Assurance 设计品质保证

MQA Manufacture Quality Assurance 制造品质保证

SSQA Sales and service Quality Assurance 销售及服务品质保证

LRR Lot Reject Rate 批退率

SPS Switching power supply 电源箱

DT Desk Top 卧式(机箱)

MT Mini-Tower 立式(机箱)

DVD Digital Video Disk

VCD Video Compact Disk

LCD Liquid Crystal Display

CAD Computer Aided Design

CAM Computer Aided Manufacturing

CAE Computer Aided Engineering

PCB Printed Circuit Board 印刷电路板

CAR Correction Action Report 改善报告

NG Not Good 不良

WDR Weekly Delivery Requirement 周出货要求

PPM Percent Per Million 百万分之一

TPM Total Production Maintenance 全面生产保养MRP Material Requirement Planning 物料需计划

OS Operation System 作业系统

TBA To Be Assured 待定,定缺

D/C Drawing Change

P/P Plans & Procedure

EMI Electrical-Music Industry 电子音乐工业

Electrical Magnetic Interference 电子干扰

RFI Read Frequency Input 读频输入

MMC Maximum Material Condition

MMS Maximum Material Size

LMC Least Material Condition

LMS Least Material Size

LED lighting-emitting diode 发光二极管

QBR Quarter Business Record

CIP Continuous improvement process

FGI Forecasted Goal Inventory

CNC Computerized numeral controller

B2C Business to customer

B2B Business to business

AVL Approved vendor list

POP Procedure of packaging

EOL End of life

VDCS Vender defect correcting sheet

PDCS Process defect correcting sheet

GRN Goods receiving note

A/R Accounting receivable

A/P Accounting payable

通用类

president董事长

operator作业员

position职务

general manager总经理

special assistant 特助

deputy manager |'depjuti| =vice manager副理

deputy supervisor =vice supervisor副课长

group leader组长

line leader线长

supervisor 课长

responsible department负责单位

Human Resources Department

人力资源部

Head count 人头数

production department生产部门

planning department企划部

QC Section品管课

stamping factory冲压厂

painting factory烤漆厂

molding factory成型厂

administration/general affairs dept./总务部

production unit生产单位

meeting minutes会议记录

distribution department分发单位

subject主题

conclusion结论

decision items决议事项

pre-fixed finishing date预定完成日

Color management 颜色管理

Visual management目视管理

production capacity生产力

first count初盘

first check初盘复櫂

second count 复盘

second check复盘复核

quantity of physical inventory second count 复盘点数量physical inventory盘点数量

physical count quantity帐面数量

difference quantity差异量

spare parts physical inventory list备品盘点清单

cause analysis原因分析

waste materials废料

description品名

specification 规格

model机种

work order工令

revision版次

remark备注registration登记

registration card登记卡

to control管制

application form for purchase请购单

consume, consumption消耗

to notify通知

to fill in填写

to collect, to gather收集

statistics统计

cosmetic inspection standard外观检验规范

computer case 电脑外壳(组件)

personal computer enclosure电脑机箱产品

front plate前板

rear plate后板

chassis |'∫si| 基座

bezel panel面板

Hood 上盖

base pan基座

bezel 面板

riser card扩充卡

flat cable排线

TOP driver cage 上磁架

bottom driver cage 下磁架

resin film 树脂膜

raw materials原料

materials物料

steel plate钢板

roll/coil material卷料

spare parts =buffer备品

plastic parts塑胶件

sheet metal parts/stamping parts 冲件

material check list物料检查表

finished product成品

semi-finished product半成品

good product/accepted goods/ accepted parts/good parts良品defective product/non-good parts不良品

disposed goods处理品

warehouse/hub仓库

packing material包材

basket蝴蝶竺

plastic basket胶筐

flow chart流程表单

production tempo生产进度现状

lots of production生产批量

manufacture procedure制程

to revise, modify修订

to switch over to, switch—to, switching over切换engineering bottleneck, project difficulty工程瓶颈

glove(s)手套

glove(s) with exposed fingers割手套

Band-Aid创可贴

Industrial alcohol工业酒精

broom扫把

mop拖把

vacuum cleaner吸尘器

rag 抹布

garbage container灰箕

garbage can垃圾箱

garbage bag垃圾袋

liaison联络单

rags抹布

lamp holder灯架

to mop the floor拖地

to clean a table擦桌子

air pipe 气管

delivery deadline交货期

die worker模工

production, to produce生产

equipment设备

resistance电阻

beacon警示灯

coolant冷却液

crusher破碎机

club car高尔夫球车

plate电镀

power button电源按键

reset button重置键

forklift叉车

Workshop traveler天车

trailer =long vehicle拖板车

Hydraulic trolley手压车

hydraulic hand jack油压板车

casing = containerization装箱velocity速度patent专利

coordinate座标

supply and demand供求

career card履历卡

barricade隔板

carton box纸箱

to pull and stretch拉深

work cell/work shop工作间

sub-line支线

bottleneck 瓶颈

模具工程类

plain die简易模

pierce die冲孔模

forming die成型模

progressive die连续模

stage die工程模

compound die复合模

shearing die剪边模

riveting die铆合模

feature die公母模

male die公模

female die母模

cavity型控母模

core模心公模

die change 换模

to fix a die装模

to repair a die修模

punch set上模座

punch pad上垫板

punch holder上夹板

stripper pad脱料背板

up stripper上脱料板

upper plate上模板

lower plate下模板

die pad下垫板

die holder下夹板

die set下模座

bottom block下垫脚

bottom plate下托板(底板)

upper supporting blank上承板

upper padding plate blank上垫板

top plate上托板（顶板）

top block上垫脚

stripping plate内外打(脱料板)

outer stripper外脱料板

inner stripper内脱料板

lower stripper下脱料板punch冲头

insert入块(嵌入件)

deburring punch压毛边冲子

groove punch压线冲子

stamped punch字模冲子

round punch圆冲子

special shape punch异形冲子

bending block折刀

roller滚轴

baffle plate挡块

located block定位块

supporting block for location

定位支承块

air cushion plate气垫板

air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆

trimming punch切边冲子

stiffening rib punch = stinger 加强筋冲子ribbon punch压筋冲子

reel-stretch punch卷圆压平冲子

guide plate定位板

sliding block滑块

sliding dowel block滑块固定块

die locker锁模器

pressure plate =plate pinch压板

thickness gauge厚薄规

cutting die, blanking die冲裁模

die block模块

folded block折弯块

sliding block滑块

location pin定位销

lifting pin顶料销

die plate, front board模板

padding block垫块

stepping bar垫条

panel board镶块

to load a die装上模具

to unload a die御模具

active plate活动板

lower sliding plate下滑块板

upper holder block上压块

upper mid plate上中间板

spring box弹簧箱

spring-box eject-rod弹簧箱顶杆

spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板

bushing block衬套

cover plate盖板

guide pad导料块

pilot导正筒

trim剪外边

pierce剪内边

pocket for the punch head挂钩槽

slug hole废料孔

radius半径

shim/wedge/heel/pad/spacer/gasket楔子torch-flame cut火焰切割

set screw止付螺丝

form block折刀

round pierce punch =die button圆冲子shape punch =die insert异形子

stock located block定位块

metal plate钣金

miller铣床

grinder磨床

tolerance公差

score =groove压线

sliding block滑块lathe车

active plate活动板

baffle plate挡块

cover plate盖板

groove punch压线冲子

air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆

spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板capability能力

parameter参数

factor系数

driller钻床

set up die架模

height of die setting up架模高度

analog-mode device类模器

inner guiding post内导柱

inner hexagon screw内六角螺钉

dowel pin固定销

coil spring弹簧

lifter pin顶料销

eq-height sleeves =spool等高套筒

pin销

lifter guide pin浮升导料销

guide pin导正销

wire spring圆线弹簧

outer guiding post外导柱

stop screw止付螺丝

located pin定位销

outer bush外导套

press specification冲床规格

die height闭模高度

flow mark流痕

welding mark溶合痕

post screw insert螺纹套筒埋值

self tapping screw自攻螺丝

stripper plate脱料板

piston活塞

handle mold手持式模具

flash mold溢流式模具

positive mold挤压式模具

split mold分割式模具

die lifter举模器

top stop上死点

bottom stop下死点

one stroke一行程

to continue, cont.连动

to grip(material)吸料

location lump, locating piece, location block定位块reset复位

to file burr 锉毛刺

embedded lump |in'bed| |lùmp|镶块

stamping-missing漏冲

to tight a bolt拧紧螺栓

to loosen a bolt拧松螺栓

punched hole冲孔

to cut edge =side cut =side scrap 切边

to bending折弯

to pull, to stretch拉伸

engraving, to engrave刻印

stamping 油印

to stake铆合

designing, to design设计

design modification 设计修改成

gauge(or jig)治具

pedal踩踏板

stopper阻挡器

flow board流水板

torque扭矩

spline =the multiple keys花键

quenching淬火

tempering回火

annealing退火

carbonization碳化

alloy合金

tungsten high speed steel钨高速的

moly high speed steel钼高速的

forming成型(抽凸,冲凸)

draw hole抽孔

bending折弯

emboss凸点

dome凸圆

semi-shearing半剪

stamp mark冲记号

deburr or coin压毛边

punch riveting冲压铆合

side stretch侧冲压平

reel stretch卷圆压平

groove压线

stamp letter冲字(料号)

tick-mark nearside正面压印

tick-mark farside反面压印

extension DWG展开图

procedure DWG工程图

die structure DWG模具结构图

冲压类

punch,press冲

punching machine 冲床

hydraulic machine油压机

jack升降机

decoiler整平机

manufacture management制造管理stamping, press冲压

feeder送料机

rack, shelf, stack料架

taker取料机

to reverse material 翻料

to load material上料

to unload material卸料

to return material/stock to退料scraped |'skrpid|报废

scrape ..v.刮;削

robot机械手

production line流水线

packaging tool打包机

packaging打包

成型类

well type蓄料井

insulated runner绝缘浇道方式

hot runner热浇道

runner plat浇道模块

valve gate阀门浇口

band heater环带状的电热器

spindle阀针

spear head刨尖头

slag well冷料井

cold slag冷料渣

air vent排气道

welding line熔合痕

eject pin顶出针

knock pin顶出销

return pin回位销反顶针

sleeve套筒

stripper plate脱料板

insert core放置入子

runner stripper plate浇道脱料板

guide pin导销

eject rod (bar)（成型机）顶业捧subzero深冷处理

three plate三极式模具

runner system浇道系统

stress crack应力电裂

orientation定向

sprue gate射料浇口，直浇口

nozzle射嘴

sprue lock pin料头钩销(拉料杆)

slag well冷料井

side gate侧浇口

edge gate侧缘浇口

tab gate搭接浇口

film gate薄膜浇口

flash gate闸门浇口

slit gate缝隙浇口

fan gate扇形浇口

dish gate因盘形浇口

diaphragm gate隔膜浇口

ring gate环形浇口

submarine gate潜入式浇口

tunnel gate隧道式浇口

pin gate针点浇口

runner less无浇道

sprue less 无射料管方式

long nozzle延长喷嘴方式

spur浇口;溶

waste废料

board看板

sliding rack滑料架

to impose lines压线

to compress, compressing压缩character die字模

to feed, feeding送料

material change, stock change材料变更feature change 特性变更

prepare for, make preparations for 准备

rotating speed, revolution转速

abnormal handling异常处理

Assembly line组装线

Layout布置图

Conveyer流水线运输带

Rivet machine拉钉机

Rivet gun拉钉枪

Screw driver起子

Electric screw driver电动起子

Hydraulic machine 液压机

Pneumatic screw driver气动起子

automation自动化

to stake, staking, riveting铆合

add lubricant oil加润滑油

argon welding氩焊

cylinder油缸

robot机械手

conveying belt输送带

transmission rack输送架

to draw holes抽孔

bolt螺栓

nut 螺母

screw 螺丝

identification tag标示单

screwdriver plug起子插座

automatic screwdriver电动启子

to move, to carry, to handle搬运

be put in storage入库

packing包装

staker = riveting machine铆合机

fit together组装在一起

fasten锁紧(螺丝)

fixture 夹具(治具)

pallet/skid栈板

barcode条码

barcode scanner条码扫描器

fuse together熔合

fuse machine/heat stake热熔机

processing, to process加工

delivery, to deliver 交货

to return delivery to. to send delivery back to return of goods退货easily damaged parts易损件

standard parts标准件

to lubricate润滑

spring 弹簧

spare tools location/buffer手工备品仓

spare molds location模具备品仓

tox machine自铆机

烤漆类

phosphate皮膜化成

viscosity涂料粘度

alkalidipping脱脂

main manifold主集流脉

organic solvent有机溶剂

demagnetization去磁;消磁

high-speed transmission高速传递

heat dissipation热传

rack上料

volatile挥发性

degrease脱脂

rinse水洗

alkaline etch龄咬

desmot剥黑膜

. rinse纯水次

Chromate铬酸处理

Anodize阳性处理

seal封孔

scraped products报放品

disposed products处理品

dismantle the die折模

auxiliary function辅助功能

heater band 加热片

thermocouple热电偶

derusting machine除锈机

degate打浇口

dryer烘干机

induction感应

induction light感应光

response =reaction =interaction感应

ram连杆

edge finder巡边器

concave凸

convex凹

cold slug冷块

blush 导色

gouge沟槽;凿槽

satin texture段面咬花

witness line证示线

grit沙砾

granule =pellet =grain细粒

sand blasting喷沙

grit maker抽粒机

cushion缓冲

fillet镶;嵌边

roller pin formality滚针形式

cam driver铡楔

shank摸柄

crank shaft曲柄轴

品质类

qualified products, up-to-grade products良品defective products, not up-to-grade products不良品defective product box不良品箱

poor processing 制程不良

poor incoming part来件不良

exposed metal/bare metal金属裸露

excessive defect过多的缺陷

critical defect极严重缺陷

major defect主要缺陷

minor defect次要缺陷

not up to standard不合规格

cosmetic defect外观不良

lack of painting烤漆不到位

slipped screw head/slippery slipped thread滑丝missing part漏件

wrong part错件

oxidation氧化

defective threading抽芽不良

poor staking铆合不良

deficient purchase来料不良

deficient manufacturing procedure制程不良

cosmetic inspection外观检查

inner parts inspection内部检查

blister 气泡

angular offset 角度偏差

dent 压痕

scratch 刮伤

deformation 变形

filings 铁削

defective label 不良标签

abrasion 磨损

Breaking. (be)broken,(be)cracked 断裂

short射料不足

nick缺口

speck瑕疪

shine亮班

splay 银纹

gas mark焦痕

delaminating起鳞

speckle斑点

mildewed =moldy = mouldy发霉

deformation变形

burr(金属)flash(塑件)毛边

poor staking铆合不良

excessive gap间隙过大

grease/oil stains油污

inclusion杂质

shrinking/shrinkage缩水

mixed color杂色

fold of packaging belt打包带折皱painting make-up补漆discoloration羿色

water spots水渍

impurity 杂质

Mismatch 错位

failure, trouble 故障deformation 变形

rust 生锈

peel 脱漆

Shrink 缩水

Contamination 脏污

water spots 水渍

Gap 间隙

label error 标签错误

Missing label 漏贴

rejection criteria 拒收标准Suspected rejects 可疑庇abrasion 损伤、磨损

Texture surface 印花纹表面Streak 条纹

stains 污点

Blotch 斑点

discoloration 脱色

Inclusion 杂质

slug mark 压痕

dirt grime 灰尘

blush 毛边薄膜

sink 下凹

Hickey 漏漆

labels and logos 贴纸与商标Configuration labels组合贴纸corrugated container瓦摆纸箱Delaminating 脱层

splattering 散点

Gouge 锉孔

puckering 折痕