英美国家概况经济篇
英美国家概况

英国概况The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,简称“UK(联合王国)”。
Geography位于欧洲大陆西北部的Great Britain Island(大不列颠岛)上,东濒North Sea(北海),西临Atlantic(大西洋),南与European Continent(欧洲大陆)以English Channel(英吉利海峡)、Denver Channel(多佛海峡)相隔。
由Great Britain(包括England、Scotland、Wales和Ireland 东北部)和附近大约5500多个小岛组成。
陆界与Republic of Ireland(爱尔兰共和国)接壤。
国土总面积共24.18万平方公里,海岸线总长1.15万公里。
英吉利海峡分割英法两国,连接大西洋和北海。
the English Channel: separates England and France and connects the Atlantic ocean and north sea."the act of union of 1801": in 1801 the english parliament passed an act by which scotland, wales and the kingdom of england were constitutionally joined as the kingdom of great britain.1801合并法:1801年英国议会通过法令,规定英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士根据宪法合并成为大不列颠王国。
gaelic: it is one of the celtic language, and is spoken in parts of the highlands.盖尔语:是盖尔特语言的一种,在高地地区仍有人说这种语言。
英美概况知识点总结归纳

英美概况知识点总结归纳英美概况是指英国和美国的文化、历史、政治、经济、教育等各方面的概况。
这两个国家在世界上具有重要的地位,对世界文化和政治产生了深远的影响。
下面将对英美概况的各个方面进行总结归纳。
一、文化概况1. 英国文化英国是一个拥有悠久历史的国家,其文化底蕴深厚。
英国文学自古至今在世界范围内具有重要地位,莎士比亚、狄更斯、奥斯丁等众多文学家的作品至今仍然备受人们喜爱。
英国音乐、戏剧、电影等领域也有着丰富的传统。
2. 美国文化美国是一个移民国家,因此其文化融合了来自世界各地的元素,呈现出多元化和包容性。
美国文学、音乐、电影等在世界上具有很大影响力,如杰克·伦敦、海明威、福克纳等作家的作品、爵士乐、摇滚乐、好莱坞电影等都深受人们喜爱。
3. 英美文化交流英美两国之间的文化交流十分频繁,互相影响。
英国音乐、戏剧、文学等在美国具有很大影响力,而美国的流行音乐、电影、文化现象也在英国广受欢迎。
二、历史概况1. 英国历史英国历史可以追溯到古代,罗马、盎格鲁-撒克逊、诺曼底人等不同民族和文化在英国留下了深远的影响。
英国从16世纪开始成为世界上的帝国大国,殖民了大量领土。
20世纪初,英国逐渐衰落,但仍然在政治、文化方面占有重要地位。
2. 美国历史美国历史相对年轻,但是却是一个充满传奇色彩的国家。
美国独立战争后成为独立国家,并在19世纪成为世界上最强大的国家之一。
20世纪,美国在两次世界大战后成为世界超级大国,对世界政治、经济产生了深远影响。
3. 英美历史关系英国曾是美国的殖民地,双方有着深厚的历史渊源。
美国革命后,两国保持了密切的关系,经济、文化、政治等方面有着广泛的交流合作。
三、政治概况1. 英国政治英国是一个君主立宪制国家,国家元首是君主,首相是政府首脑。
英国的政治体系成熟稳定,经过数百年的发展,形成了一套完善的议会制度和法律体系。
2. 美国政治美国是一个总统制国家,总统是国家元首和政府首脑。
英美国家概况

UK全称The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;地理位置Great Britain (Scottish Gaelic: Breatainn Mhòr, Welsh: Prydain Fawr) is the largest island of the British Isles, the largest island in Europe and the eighth-largest island in the world. It lies to the northwest of Continental Europe, with Ireland to the west, and makes up the largest part of the territory of the state known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It is surrounded by over 1,000[citation needed] smaller islands and islets. 或者回答British mainland western Europe from Great Britain and Ireland, north-east and many nearby islands,She east by the North Sea, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, up to the North Atlantic off Iceland, Yugoslavia and the European continent, separated only by a strip of water, the English Channel;首府London;最主河流-泰晤士河River Thames; River Severn塞文河三次入侵:Roman Invasion 43AD—500AD,the roman empire;Anglo-Saxon Invasion English500AD—1066AD, the late 8th century, Scandinavia, created a certain cultural divide between northerners and southerners in England;Norman Invasion 1066AD,William took the English throne, and became William the First ;组成部分Great Britain(England,Scotland,Wales),Northern Ireland,Isles;民族Celts, Roman, Anglo, anglo-saxon,Norman;国旗the Union Jack/Flag;国歌God Save the Queen政治制度central Government:Monarch君主﹛历史-Constitutional monarchy originated in the Glorious Revolution of 1688。
英美国家概况

英美国家概况monwealth:英联邦It is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It has no special powers. And the nations are united because of economic reasons. Under the Commonwealth, the nations develop.2.Eisteddfod:Ei steddfod is the Welsh word for “sitting” National Eidteddfod is the most famous festival of music and verse in Wales. It takes place each August and lasts for about a week. The highlight of the festival is competition for the best epic poem about Wales written and read in Welsh. The winner is crowned Board, considered the supreme honour in Wales. In this way the Welsh people keep the Welsh language and culture alive.3.Alfred the Great:阿尔弗雷大帝He was king of Wessex, one of the seven Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms. It was he who led the Anglo-Saxon to flight against the invading Danes and maintained peace for a long time. Alfred was not only a brave king at wartime, but also a wise king at peacetime. He encouraged education and introduced a legal system. He is known as “the father of the British navy”4. Magna Carta:大宪章It was also called the barons’ Charter or the Great Charter in 1215.It has many clause but the important one was that only the Grand Council could decide to collect money or not. And it has long been regarded as the foundation of English liberties but its spirit was to limit the king’s power.5.Gunpowder Plot:火药阴谋It was a secret plan of the Roman Catholics to overthrow James 1. The Catholics planted barrels of gunpowder in the cellars of the House to kill James 1 but the plan failed. Now it is celebrated as a national holiday6.The Glorious Revolution:It was a takeover or palace coup d’etate with no blood shed in 1688. WhenJames II hoped to rule as a Catholic, the English politicians rejected James II, and appealed to a Protestant king, William of Orange, to invade and take the English throne. James II was forced to leave Britain. William and Mary who were the relatives of James II took power as joint monarchy.7.Elizabeth IOne of the greatest monarchs in British history. She reigned England, Wales a nd Ireland for 45 years and remained single. Her reign was a time of confiden t English nationalism and of great achievements in literature and other arts, in exploration and in battle.8.Thatcherism:A theory by British Prime minister, Thatcher in the 80s. The main idea is to privatize and to control inflation. It also turned out to be a failure in “curing” British diseases9.The Great lakes----The Great Lakes are the five lakes in the northeast. They are Lake Superior which is the largest fresh water lake in the world, Lake Michigan (the only one entirely in theU.S.), Lake Huron, Lake Eire and Lake Ontario. They are all located between Canada and the United States expect Lake Michigan.10.the OppositionIn the General Election, the party which wins the second largest number of se ats becomes the offcial Opposition, with its own leader and “shadow cabinet”. The aims of the Opposition are to contribute to the formulation of policy and legislation, to oppose government proposals, to seek amendments to government bills, and to put forward its own policies in order to win the next general el ection.11.public schoolsFee-paying secondary schools which are longestablished and have gained a rep utation for their high academic standards, as well as their exclusiveness and sn obbery. The boys’ public schools include such well-known schools as Eton and Harrow, and girls’ famous schools include Roedean. Most of the members of the British Establishment were educated at a public school.12.New EnglandNew England is made up of six states of the North-East. They are Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. It is so metimes called the birthplace of America.13.the New FrontierIt was the President Kennedy’s program which promised civil rights for blacks, federal aid to farmers and to education, medical care for all and the abolitionof poverty.14.eleven-plusan examination formerly used to select school pupils at about, the age of 11 for an appropriate secondaryeducation.一种考试对11岁孩子选择适当的中等教育15.civil service:they are staffed by the government whose duty is carrying out the administration of laws passed by parliament ,changes of government do not involve changes in departmental staff ,who continue to carry out the duties whichever party in power civil servant are recruited mainly by competitive examination16.house of the lordsThe house of Lords consists of the Lords Spiritual, who are the Archbishops and most prominent bishops of the church of England; and the Lords Temporal, which refers to those lords who either have inherited the seat from their forefathers or they have benn appointed. The main fuction of it is to bring the wide experience of its members into the process of lawmaking17.the Great LakesThe Great Lakes are the most important lakes in the United States. They are Lake Superior, which is the largest fresh water lake in the world, Lake Michig an ——the only one entirely in the U.S. ——Lake Huron, Lake Erie and L ake Ontario. They are all located between Canada and the United States except Lake Michigan.18.Great CanyonThe Great Canyon is an enormous gorge carved by the Colorado River in northwestern Arizona.19.The Black ThursdayThe Black Thursday refers to Oct 24 1929 when the stock market crash happened. Ten of millions of shares were dumped and billions of dolla rs of paper profits were wiped out within a few hours. It signaled th e beginning of the Great Depression20.Electoral CollegeIn the US, the people of each state don’t vote directly for the president: they select presidential electors, equal to the number of the Senators and Representatives each states has in Congress. The electors of all 50 states and the District of Columbia (538 persons) comprise the Electoral College.munity collegeCommunity college emerged in the US in the early 1900s, as a two-year college to meet the need of economic expansion and rapid rise in immigrants. It provides general career and adult education.。
英美概况大题知识点总结

英美概况大题知识点总结1. 位置与面积:- 英国位于欧洲大陆的西北部,由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个国家组成,是一个岛国,又称不列颠群岛。
- 美国位于北美洲的中北部,东临大西洋,西濒太平洋,与加拿大和墨西哥为邻。
是全球第三大、北美洲第二大的国家。
2. 地形:- 英国地貌复杂,地势起伏。
苏格兰地区有高山,如本提高地、格兰特群山、高地等,英格兰和威尔士地势较低,北爱尔兰地区以丘陵地形为主。
- 美国地大物博,地貌多样。
东部大西洋沿岸是低洼平原,中部是多河流盆地、大草原和沙漠,西部有洛矶山脉、科罗拉多高原和内华达高原,阿拉斯加地区是冰川遍布的高山地区,夏威夷是火山构成的群岛,加利福尼亚州和华盛顿州有大片的森林。
3. 气候:- 英国气候温和,受海洋性气候和大西洋洋流的影响。
冬季不太寒冷,夏季不太炎热,年降水量较多。
- 美国气候多样,北部地区属于温带大陆性气候,南部地区属于亚热带气候。
阿拉斯加地区气候寒冷,夏威夷地区气候属于热带海洋性气候。
整体上,美国西部偏干燥,东部偏湿润。
4. 主要城市:- 英国主要城市包括伦敦、曼彻斯特、伯明翰、利物浦等。
伦敦是英国首都,也是英国最大的城市,世界上最重要的金融中心之一。
- 美国主要城市包括纽约、洛杉矶、芝加哥、旧金山、华盛顿等。
纽约是美国最大的城市,也是世界金融中心之一,华盛顿是美国首都。
5. 自然资源:- 英国主要矿产资源包括煤炭、天然气、铁矿石和石油。
海洋渔业资源也非常丰富。
- 美国拥有丰富的煤炭、石油、天然气、铁矿石等矿产资源,以及广大的农业土地和丰富的水资源。
6. 语言和宗教:- 英国官方语言是英语,宗教主要是基督教,其中以英国国教会和天主教最为流行。
- 美国官方语言也是英语,宗教信仰多元,基督教、犹太教、伊斯兰教等都有一定的信徒。
英美历史概况:1. 古代历史:- 英国在古代分别由凯尔特人、罗马人、盎格鲁-撒克逊人和维京人等民族统治,1066年诺曼征服后建立了专制统治的王朝。
英国的发展现状及未来趋势分析

英国的发展现状及未来趋势分析随着全球化和科技进步的推动,英国作为欧洲重要的经济和政治力量,其发展现状及未来趋势备受关注。
本文将从经济、教育、科技和环境等多个方面对英国的发展现状及未来趋势进行分析。
经济方面,英国是欧洲最大的经济体之一,其国内生产总值(GDP)居于全球前列。
然而,英国脱欧对其经济产生了不小的冲击,造成了投资不确定性和贸易壁垒增加。
此外,英国也面临着日益严峻的就业问题,特别是在年轻人中。
未来,英国需要继续吸引外国投资,提升国内创新能力,推动经济结构转型,以实现可持续的增长。
在教育领域,英国拥有声望卓著的大学和教育体系,吸引着全球学生。
然而,教育公平问题逐渐凸显,特别是在贫困地区和移民社区。
政府应加大对于教育资源的投入,改革教育体系,确保每个孩子都能获得优质的教育。
此外,英国也应继续在技术培训领域投资,以满足未来技能需求。
科技在英国的发展起到了重要的推动作用,尤其是在金融科技和创新领域。
英国拥有极具吸引力的创业生态系统,孕育了众多成功的高科技创新企业。
然而,与欧洲其他地区相比,英国在科技投资上仍有差距。
人工智能、物联网和绿色科技是未来科技发展的重点方向,英国需要加大投资并提供支持,以保持其科技领导地位。
环境问题是当今世界面临的重要挑战之一。
英国一直致力于减少碳排放和转向可再生能源,推动可持续发展。
然而,英国在实现碳中和和减少塑料使用方面仍需加强努力。
在未来,英国需要加强环境保护法规,鼓励更多的绿色创新,推动低碳经济的发展。
除此之外,英国还面临诸多挑战和机遇。
例如,移民政策的改变可能会对劳动力市场和社会多样性造成影响。
此外,英国还需完善基础设施和交通网络,以促进区域平衡发展。
此外,未来的全球贸易形势和与其他国家的合作也将对英国的发展产生重要影响。
总结来看,英国的发展现状仍然强劲,拥有良好的基础设施、教育体系和科技创新能力。
然而,英国面临着脱欧带来的经济不确定性、教育公平问题、科技投资不足和环境挑战等。
英美国家概况
英美国家概况大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 首都:伦敦面积:2,441,000.00 平方公里国际电话码:44人口:5858.7万人(1997年)语言:英语货币:英镑(GBP)民族:英格兰人81.5%,苏格兰人9.6%,爱尔兰人2.4%,威尔士人1.9%,奥尔斯特人1.8%,其它民族2.8%。
宗教:圣公会50%, 天主教10%。
国花:红玫瑰(蔷薇科)简史公元1-5世纪,英格兰被罗马帝国所占领。
8世纪末起到9世纪中,丹麦人侵袭英格兰,公元865年,对其发动全面入侵。
公元10世纪,魏萨王朝挫败入侵丹麦人,建立广阔权域。
丹麦人又于1017年在第二次入侵中征服英格兰,使之成为松散的丹麦海盗帝国的一部份。
1042年,帝国瓦解,恢复英国王统。
15世纪下半叶进入资本主义原始积累时期。
17世纪中爆发资产阶级革命。
18世纪后半叶至19世纪上半叶,是生气勃勃的经济变革时期,英国成为世界上第一个完成了工业革命的国家。
19世纪是大英帝国的全盛时期,它的工商业居世界领先地位,殖民地遍布五大洲;是世界上最有政治权势的国家,号称“日不落帝国”。
美利坚合众国The United States of America首都:华盛顿哥伦比亚特区面积:9,363,123.00 平方公里国际电话码:1人口:27053.7万(1998年)语言:英语货币:美元US$民族:白人83.4%,黑人12.4%,亚洲人后裔和太平洋岛居民3.3%,印第安人和爱斯基摩人0.8%,其它种族占0.1%,不属于任何教派的占10%。
宗教:56%的居民信奉基督教新教,28%信奉天主教,2%信奉犹太教,信奉其它宗教的占4%。
国花:耧斗菜(毛茛科)简史自哥伦布1492年到达美洲以后,西班牙、英国和法国等欧洲国家陆续向美洲移民并建立殖民地。
18世纪30年代,英国人在北美东海岸建立起13个殖民地。
英美国家概况
比较地理环境对中英两国文明进程的影响人类的文明,无论是古代的、现代的、都发生于某一特定的时间和空间所外的自然环境。
原始人采撷果实、居于洞穴或露宿于野,所有的一切都离不开自然环境,他们的衣食住行、生活和生产都深深地依赖地理环境。
进入文明之后,随着人类自身巨大潜能的逐渐发挥,人类对自然的依赖表面看来似乎有所淡化和隐化,但实际情况是,人类的文明程度愈高,对地理环境的利用的范围也愈益扩大和深化。
今天,科学技术的突飞猛进,都是建立在无数对自然宇宙的新发现、新认识和众多新材料、新方法产生的基础之上。
所以,无论对人类历史的哪一阶段进行研究,都决不能忽视自然地理环境对人类文明的影响和作用。
英国是一个岛国,总面积244200平方公里,东邻北海,西、北面对大西洋,南面是英吉利海峡,与法国隔海相望。
地理学上叫“不列颠群岛”,它们星星点点地散布在欧洲大陆西北边的水域中。
最大的岛屿——大不列颠岛,上面分布着英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士三个区域单位。
从英格兰的最南端到苏格兰的最北端只跨越10个纬度,最长也不过600英里(966公里)。
在欧洲国家中英国的面积之小可想而知。
英国的海岸线异常曲折,构成了许多港湾。
在英国,“内陆”离海洋最远处也不过75英里(120公里)。
位于欧洲大陆袈上的不列颠诸岛沿海水域不深,当大西洋暖流缓缓穿过这个“陆桥”之时,它温暖了空气、提升了水温,使不列颠的气候与同纬度其他地区相比,都要暖和宜人。
浅水、暖流、深湾共同构成了远古时代养育不列颠人的天赐富源。
独特的地理环境,对英国的政治、经济、文明、价值观念和民族精神都产生了深远的影响,其影响可归纳为以下几点:1.国家面积小,有助于政治统一,社会、经济和文化易于交流,制度容易规范化。
亚里士多德曾论述过城邦人口的规模,他认为一个城邦最适当的人口限度应该是足以满足自我需要而又是观察所能遍及的最大数目。
正是这种小国寡民的城邦才有条件建立那种公民直接参与的民主政治,而且极不容易形成专制。
英美国家概况
美国本土东濒大西洋,西临太平洋,北靠加拿大,南接墨西哥及墨西哥湾。
美国源自于1776年从英国统治下脱离而出的北美殖民地,13州的殖民地代表们一同发表了《美国独立宣言》,在经历艰苦的独立战争后,于1783年与英国签订了巴黎协约,从此受到世界各国的承认。
政治美国是现存历史最悠久的宪政立宪共和国,有世界上最早并仍在运作的成文《宪法》。
在《宪法》授权下,政府通过国会运作代议民主制。
政府分为三级架构:联邦、州和地方政府。
三级政府中的官员由选民进行不记名投票选举产生,或者由民选官员任命。
行政长官和立法机构官员从单一选区多数制选举产生,司法系统和内阁官员由行政长官任命并经立法机构批准产生。
在某些州,司法系统官员也通过多数制选举产生。
联邦政府本身有三个分支,互相制约和平衡:立法机关:即国会,由众议院和参议院两部分组成;行政机关:即总统,总统提名和参议院批准的内阁官员及其下属,负责行使基于联邦法律的治理权;司法机关:即最高法院和较低级别的联邦法院,法官由总统提名并参议院批准。
美国国会实行两院立法体制。
众议院设435个席位代表各自的国会选区,任期2年。
众议院席位根据人口分布,每10年重新划分一次,每个州最少都会分配到1个众议院席位:目前有7个州只有1个议席,人口最多的加利福尼亚州则有高达53个议席。
而无论人口众寡,每个州在参议院都有2个席位,加起来共一百席,任期6年;每隔2年,重选三分之一的参议员。
在联邦体制内,州与联邦政府的关系很复杂。
法律规定,各州是主权实体。
然而,在美国内战和“德克萨斯对怀特案”建立的规则是,州无权脱离联邦;根据宪法,也无外交权。
美国联邦法律在经过宪法授权的领域要高于各州所制订的不同的法律,但是联邦政府的权力只能在宪法规定的范围之内行使;所有未授予联邦政府的权力由州政府和人民自行保留。
美国宪法以及权利法案等一系列修正案致力维护公民自由:包括言论、宗教信仰和出版自由;接受公正审判的权利;拥有和携带武器的权利;选举和财产权。
英美国家概况
英联邦是一个独立的国家的自由协会,曾经是英国的殖民地。
它成立于英联邦,是独立国家的自由协会,曾经是英国的殖民地。
它成立于1931年,1931年,到1990年,1990年已有50个成员国。
成员国。
英联邦是英国和已经独立的前英国殖民地或附属国家的联盟。
英联邦是英国和已经独立的前英国殖民地或附属国家的联盟。
联邦没有权力。
英国和其他会员国在大使级互相派遣高级专员代表。
英国和其他会员国派遣高级专员在大使级代表外交关系。
英联邦的总部和常设机构均位于伦敦,其组织为:英国外交关系。
英联邦总部和常设机构位于伦敦,其组织结构为:英联邦政府首脑会议(通常每两年举行一次)。
国家元首政府首脑会议(通常每两年举行一次。
会议于1966年之前在伦敦举行,于1966年之前在伦敦举行。
自1966年以来,它在会员国之间轮流举行,由东道国政府首脑主持。
该会议未通过决议,会议发布的一般原则对与会国没有约束力;该决议由英国通过,并将由东道国政府首脑主持。
在亚太地区;会议发布的一般原则对与会国没有约束力);亚太地区联邦政府首脑会议(自1978年以来每两年举行一次,讨论共同关注的问题)。
自2000年以来,该会议每两年举行一次,讨论共同关注的区域问题),英联邦部长理事会(包括年度部长级会议和不确定的地区问题),英联邦部长理事会(包括年度部长级会议和不时举行的各种会议),英联邦秘书处(举行各种会议等)和英联邦秘书处(1965年)成立于1965年,负责会员国的年度成立,会员国,英联邦基金会(经磋商和交流成立)和英联邦基金会(于1966年和1966年成立)之间的磋商和交流。
此外,英联邦一年)。
此外,英联邦有一些专业组织,例如英联邦议会协会,英联邦新闻联盟,不列颠联邦,以及一些专业组织,例如英联邦议会协会,英联邦新闻联盟,英联邦广播协会,英联邦青年交流委员会,英联邦体育联合会和英国国家广播协会,英联邦青年交流委员会,英联邦体育联合会和英联邦艺术协会。
英国设有艺术协会联合会。
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一。
自然资源英国:Compare with many other countries,Britain has considerable reserves ofcoal .Today British coal mining is called a “sick” industry.Natural gas and oil was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under the North Sea.Britain was the first nation to build a large iron and steel industry. Rich deposits of iron ore were found in central England.As with the coal industry,Britain…s steel industry is declining.美国:Fertile soil is one of the most important natural resources in the United States.Ame rica…s forest resources are among the world‟s largest.Another natural resource that contributes to the welfare of the country is water.America is the leaders in production of Coal,iron ore,cpper,oil,sulfur,lead and zine.But short for tin,manganese,and nikel.爱尔兰:Ireland is now the largest producer of lead and zinc concentrates in Europe.While Ireland lacks sizeable oil deposits,it has a valuable energy source in the peat,or turt,bogs that cover extensive areas of the country.加拿大:Water is one of the most important natural resources in Canada.Almost half of the land area of Canada is covered by forests. Canada ranks third,in the production of lumber and other forest products in the world. The largest producer of newsprint in the world.Canada is a primary world producer of nickle,zine and asbestoes,and comes second in potash,third in gold and fourth in copper.Canada is a major world supplier of uranium.Experts believe that the cold fields of Canada may be among the largest in the world.A great deposit of petroleum was discovered south of Edmonton in Alberta. About two thirds of Canada…s petroleum and about four fifths of its natural gas come from Alberta.澳大利亚:Australia is one of the world…s biggest producers of minerals and met als.It has major deposits of bauxite,mineral sands,diamonds,and black and brown coal,and large reserves of ores containing gold,lead,zinc,iron,copper,nikel,manganese and uranium. It is the world largest exporter of coal,and a major exporter of uranium.新西兰:There is an increasingly large share of energy comes from local resources:natural gas,crude oil,hydroelectricity and geothermal steam. Coal is of growing importance. Solar energy,vegetable oils and ethylalcohol from fermentation make small contributions.二。
农业英国:The Britain were pioneers in modern agriculture and were among the first to bring science and machinery to farming. The new farming has been called “agribusiness”。
There are mainly six farming types in Britain. They are arable farming,dairy farming,stock farming,mixed farming,hill farming and market gardening.Because of the cool climate,apples,pears and plums grow very well in Britain.The North Sea has very good fishing grounds.美国:Yet the United States grows nearly one fourth of the w orld…s grain and supplies a half of all the exports of grain in the world.It ranks first,second,or third in the production and export of corn,wheat,rice,soybeans,oranges,meat,milk,apples,oats,cotton,tobaoo,peanuts,and edible vegetable oil.(具体的在什么地方种什么东西可以参照书上P289-291)爱尔兰:Agriculture generates an estimated 11% of the Ireland GNP,employs 17% of the labour force and produces 25% of total exports.The most signigicant recent development in Irish agriculture has been membership in the European Community.加拿大:The land used for agriculture makes up only 7% in Canada. Canada farms specialize in producing wheat,food crops for animals dairy products,and fruit. Fishing and mining are quite important.The Canada Prairie is the centre of a rich wheat belt.Eastern Canada is noted for a variety of farm products.Dairying is in the lowlands of Quebec and Ontario.Fruits are grown in Western Nova Scotia.澳大利亚:Today,agriculture is the nation…s largest and most diverse industry. Australia is one of t he world‟s leading producers of food and natural fib ers. Australia is the world…s largest exporter of wool,the second largest exporter of meat,the third largest exporter of wheat and a major international supplier of sugar,dairy products,fruits,cotton and rice.Australia…s agriculture importance has declined in recent years.新西兰:Vineyards produce international award-winning red and white wines.三。
制造业,工业英国:The textile is one of Britain…s oldest.Textiles were on of the country‟s most valuable exports.Britain became a world leader in shipbuilding during the middle of the 19th century. The two main centures for shipbuilding were on the River Tyne near Newcastle,England and on the Clyde near Glasgow in Scotland.The Britain motor industry now dominated by four firms(Ford,the Rover Group,GM-Vauxhall,and Peugeot)There are three areas in Britain which have seen some high-tech industrial growth. Scotland has Europe…s largest collection of foreign-owned chip factories. Over 90% of the companies are from the U.S.A.,Japan,the Netherlands and Germany.美国:The untied States ranks first,second,third or fourth in the world in the production of crude steel,passenger cars,commercial vehicles,chemicals,radio sets,television sets,and othermanufacturing goods. Manufacturing accounts for about one quarter of the GDP,about one quarter of the national income,and over one fifth of the work force.The industrial regions are the Midwest(the nations… leading centre of heavy industry)round the Great Lakes,the Middle Atlantic states,the South,and the Pacific Coast.爱尔兰:Since the 1961s,manufacturing has become the mainstay of the Irish economy.Of industrial employment,66% are employed in manufacturing.加拿大:Manufacturing is the most important economic activity in Canada. Food processing is the leading industry. The manufacture of transportation equipment ranks second. The production of paper and paper related products ranks third. metal products are also important.澳大利亚:The mining industry in Australia has faced new problems in recent years.Australia…s service sector is the fastest-growing sector of industry. It has been growing in importance in recent years.新西兰:There are two steel companies:New Zealand Steel which uses iron sands from the west coast of North Island,and Pacific Steel which reuses scrap iron. New Zealand is a world leader in the CNA(compressed natural gas)industry. Garments,fabrics and carpets are exported.The fishing industry has expanded greatly and is now the 4th largest export earner.四。