关于语言学论文的PPT
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语言学导论前三单元概要整理PPT课件
单词补充：
01) velum: The soft palate. 软腭 02) uvula: A small, conical, fleshy mass of tissue suspended from the center of the soft palate. 小舌，悬雍垂悬垂在软腭中央的小的圆锥状肉 块
Unit1 Introduction
What is linguistics? 什么是语言学？ Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. It studies not any particular language, but languages in general. 语言学是对语言科学地进行研究的学科。语言学所要 研究的不是某一种特定的语言，而是人类所有语言的特性。
In modern linguistics, synchronic study seems to enjoy priority over diachronic study.
Speech and writing 口头语与书面语 Speech enjoys priority over writing in modern linguistics study for the following reasons: (1) speech precedes writing in terms of evolution (2) a large amount of communication is carried out in speech tan in writing (3) speech is the form in which infants acquire their native language
01) velum: The soft palate. 软腭 02) uvula: A small, conical, fleshy mass of tissue suspended from the center of the soft palate. 小舌，悬雍垂悬垂在软腭中央的小的圆锥状肉 块
Unit1 Introduction
What is linguistics? 什么是语言学？ Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. It studies not any particular language, but languages in general. 语言学是对语言科学地进行研究的学科。语言学所要 研究的不是某一种特定的语言，而是人类所有语言的特性。
In modern linguistics, synchronic study seems to enjoy priority over diachronic study.
Speech and writing 口头语与书面语 Speech enjoys priority over writing in modern linguistics study for the following reasons: (1) speech precedes writing in terms of evolution (2) a large amount of communication is carried out in speech tan in writing (3) speech is the form in which infants acquire their native language
语言学PPT
• Now we can see that these three directions just take the footholds of the three worlds: the ancient ontology is on the material world, which represents the idea of the reflection of the reality in the linguistic view; the modern epistemology is on the thought world, which represents the cognition hypothesis; the contemporary linguistics turn the direction to the language world, which represents the linguistic determinism or Whorf hypothesis. In the contemporary philosophy lays special stress on the language and linguistics. So the Whorf hypothesis has a rather wide market. • The great master of the modern hermeneutics, HansGeorge Gadamer (1900---): • ―He who owns the language will owns the world.‖ • ―The ways to see the world for the people who grow up in different languages or cultural traditions are quite different. • (Wu Tieping)
《英语语言学》ppt课件
区别: meaning(是否研究和表达意义有关的 语音）
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举例: too 和 tea 中的 /t/ 发too中的/t/时, 舌位更靠近口腔前部 发tea中的/t/时，舌位更靠近口腔后部 语音学要研究这种/t/发音的不同之处, 音系
学不研究
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Phonetics studies how speech sounds are produced, transmitted, and perceived.
义和区别 2.语音学重要概念: 清音和浊音 3.音系学重要概念: 音子，音位, 超音段特征
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Phonetics studies all speech sounds in human languages: how they are produced, transmitted and how they are received.
印欧语系,汉藏语系，南岛语 系，阿尔泰语系，南亚语系
印欧语系下的日耳曼语族，罗曼语 族，凯尔特语族, 斯拉夫语族，伊朗
印度语族
日耳曼语族下分西日耳曼支，东日 耳曼语支，北日耳曼语支
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Indo-European language family
印欧语系
Germanic group 日耳曼语族
Celtic group 凯尔特语族
计算机语言学
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语言学分类-按研究导向分
Linguistics
Theoretical Linguistics
Linguistic nature, universal rules
Applied Linguistics
language acquisition, teaching, assessment
generation through teaching and learning rather than instinct. 反例：印度狼孩
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举例: too 和 tea 中的 /t/ 发too中的/t/时, 舌位更靠近口腔前部 发tea中的/t/时，舌位更靠近口腔后部 语音学要研究这种/t/发音的不同之处, 音系
学不研究
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Phonetics studies how speech sounds are produced, transmitted, and perceived.
义和区别 2.语音学重要概念: 清音和浊音 3.音系学重要概念: 音子，音位, 超音段特征
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Phonetics studies all speech sounds in human languages: how they are produced, transmitted and how they are received.
印欧语系,汉藏语系，南岛语 系，阿尔泰语系，南亚语系
印欧语系下的日耳曼语族，罗曼语 族，凯尔特语族, 斯拉夫语族，伊朗
印度语族
日耳曼语族下分西日耳曼支，东日 耳曼语支，北日耳曼语支
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Indo-European language family
印欧语系
Germanic group 日耳曼语族
Celtic group 凯尔特语族
计算机语言学
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语言学分类-按研究导向分
Linguistics
Theoretical Linguistics
Linguistic nature, universal rules
Applied Linguistics
language acquisition, teaching, assessment
generation through teaching and learning rather than instinct. 反例：印度狼孩
语言学PPT what is language
by creativity we mean language is resouceful owing to its duality and its recursiveness. Peculiar to human languages，users of language can understand and produce sentences they have never heard before. “ A red-eyed elephant is dancing on the hotel bed”
----Language can be used to refer to things, which are not present: real or imagined matters in the past, present or future, or in far-away places. Displacement enables people to handle generalizations and abstractions.
Systematic---- rule-governed, elements in it are arranged according to certain rules; can’t be combined at will. e.g. *bkli, *I apple eat.
Arbitrary---- no intrinsic connection between the word and the thing it denotes, e.g. “pen” by any other name is the thing we use to write with. “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet”----Shakespeare
语言学ppt课件
7. Art →(a an the ) 1. Deletion （删除）
• Transformational rules
转换规律
.
2. Copying （复制） 3. Addition （添加） 4. Reordering（重排序）
3. 形态音系
说明“深层结构”转换为“表层结构”的整个过程和规则。
.
Distinction
• IC analysis（直接成分分析法）：
是对句法单位（包括短语和句子）的直 接成分进行结构层次分析的方法。由于 切分过程中尽可能采用二分，所以层次 分析法又称作“二分法”。
• Surface structure（表层结构）：
.
Example
a. The boy kissed the girl (surface structure). b. Boy loves Girl (deep structure). c. The boy was kissing the girl. The girl was
kissed by the boy. (surface and deep structure).
Sound
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
• Every sentence exists on two levels: the Surface structure which corresponds to the actual spoken sentence and the Deep structure which underlies meaning of the sentence. Thus, the single deep idea can be expressed in many different Surface Structures
英语专业论文写作ppt课件
• Outline
• I. There has been a heated debate on Wang Meng’s literary techniques, the point at issue being whether the author is flouting or enriching the Chinese way of novel writing by using the stream-of-consciousness technique.
.
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常见的毕业论文分类标准
• 1. 根据学位等级的不同，毕业论文可分为学士学位论文、硕士学位论文和博 士学位论文。这里所讨论的是本科生的毕业论文，即学士学位论文。
• 2. 根据专业的内容和性质的不同，毕业论文可分为两大类：社会科学类毕业 论文和自然科学类毕业论文。
• 3. 根据研究方法的不同，毕业论文可分为理论性论文、实验性论文、描述性 论文和设计性论文。后三种论文主要是理工科大学生可以选择的论文形式。 文科大学生一般写的是理论性论文。理论性论文具体又可分成两种：一种是 以纯粹的抽象理论为研究对象，其研究方法是严密的理论推导和数学运算， 有的也涉及实验与观测，用以验证论点的正确性。另一种是以对客观事物和 现象的调查、考察所得观测资料以及有关文献资料数据为研究对象，其研究 方法是对有关资料进行分析、综合、概括、抽象，通过归纳、演绎、类比， 提出某种新的理论和新的见解。
.
3
• 标题（及副标题）：
• The Stream-of-consciousness Technique in Wang Meng’s The Butterfly
• (as seen through a comparison with Virginia Woolfs’s To the Lighthouse)
• I. There has been a heated debate on Wang Meng’s literary techniques, the point at issue being whether the author is flouting or enriching the Chinese way of novel writing by using the stream-of-consciousness technique.
.
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常见的毕业论文分类标准
• 1. 根据学位等级的不同，毕业论文可分为学士学位论文、硕士学位论文和博 士学位论文。这里所讨论的是本科生的毕业论文，即学士学位论文。
• 2. 根据专业的内容和性质的不同，毕业论文可分为两大类：社会科学类毕业 论文和自然科学类毕业论文。
• 3. 根据研究方法的不同，毕业论文可分为理论性论文、实验性论文、描述性 论文和设计性论文。后三种论文主要是理工科大学生可以选择的论文形式。 文科大学生一般写的是理论性论文。理论性论文具体又可分成两种：一种是 以纯粹的抽象理论为研究对象，其研究方法是严密的理论推导和数学运算， 有的也涉及实验与观测，用以验证论点的正确性。另一种是以对客观事物和 现象的调查、考察所得观测资料以及有关文献资料数据为研究对象，其研究 方法是对有关资料进行分析、综合、概括、抽象，通过归纳、演绎、类比， 提出某种新的理论和新的见解。
.
3
• 标题（及副标题）：
• The Stream-of-consciousness Technique in Wang Meng’s The Butterfly
• (as seen through a comparison with Virginia Woolfs’s To the Lighthouse)
《语言学的话题》PPT课件
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1）形式化途径：
现代语言研究： F. de Saussure（索绪尔，现代语言学之父） 语言学：“The only true object of linguistics is language and the language for the study of language.” （语言学唯一的真正对象就是语言和研 究语言的语言。）
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什么是“语言”？
索绪尔：
语言：符号的系统 符号：音响形象与概念的不可分组合
概念 concept 音响形象 sound image
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Langage (speech, 言语活动)
Langue (language, 语言) （独立、共享的抽象 体系，符号之间关系）
Parole (speaking, 言语) （个人特征：生理、心 理、社会文化等影响）
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语言词汇反映的视角不同： “space shuttle”： 台湾 大陆 “太空梭” ／ “航天飞机” （形状／功能） “磁碟机” ／ “硬盘” （材料／外观） “飞弹” ／ “导弹” （运动特征／技术） 语句意义的凸显： “中国人像日本人” ／ “日本人像中国人” “她嫁错了老公。” “She is married to a wrong husband .”
<象棋、乐谱和演奏的比喻>
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美国结构主义（继承索绪尔思想，描写任务，实用主义）
语言：言语的结构体系
语言学的目标：对语言结构的纯粹知识
（外在结构，经验事实）
方法： 结构的形式描写
（如：替换分析、分布分析、IC分析等）
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结构主义语言学（structuralism）：
语言外在结构的描写 例如，假定有如下“语句”： 1. Woggles ugged diggles. 2. Ugges woggled diggs. 3. Woggs diggled uggles. 通过分布分析，可归纳出这些“句子”的结构： __s __ed __s。
语言学ppt 12.4
The Classical Theory（古典理论）
The classical theory is the first stage of development of TG ; its aim is to make linguistics a science.
The theory is characterized by three features: 1.Emphasis on generative ability of language; （强调语言的生成能力） 2.Introduction of transformational rules; （引入了转换规则） 3.Grammatical description regardless of meaning; （语法描写中不考虑语义）
The Innateness Hypothesis Definition:
Chomsky believes that language is somewhat innate, and that children are born with what he calls a Language Acquisition Device（LAD） for language learning. He argues that children have the basic grammatical relations and categories. And the study of language can throw light on the nature of human mind.
Chomsky puts forward three kinds of grammar: 1.Finite state grammar;（有限状态语法） 2.Phrase structure grammar;（短语结构语法） 3.Transformational grammar;（转换语法）