学位英语词汇和语法常考词汇

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学位英语词汇和语法常考词汇

1 虚拟语气

宾语从句:order,demand,require,request,direct,command,urge,rule,suggest,advise,vote,propose move,recommend,prefer,decide,insist,desire,decree

主语从句:vital,important,essential,imperative,obligatory,necessary,unnecessary,impossible,sad,strange,natural,advisable,fitting,proper,appropriate,desirable

2 不定式

1)通常只接动词不定式作宾语的常考动词:

agree,attempt,claim,decide demand,ask,hesitate,beg ,fail,care,consent,promise,desire,hope,intend,learn,offer,plan,refuse,prepare,pretend,strive,require,appear,arrange,expect,manage,tend,afford,wish,want,seem ,struggle,swear,threaten,wait,undertake,venture,seek ,resolve,aim,determine,endeavor,apply,claim,pledge,pretend,profess,refuse,volunteer,vow,happen ,guarantee,neglect,proceed,prove,condescend,consent,trouble,bother(negative),care(negative),choose,fail etc

2)用于动词+宾语+不定式结构的常考动词:

force,hire,tell,require,teach,warn ,allow,ask,inform,beg,convince,expect,invite,order,permit,promise,instruct,prepare,urge,remind,want,advise,persuade,dare,forbid,like,challenge,request,get,need ,oblige,encourage,enable,compel,recommend,declare,prove,command,encourage,enable,lead,press,etc

1)用于be+形容词+不定式结构的常考形容词

anxious,boring,dangerous,pleased,hard,eager,easy,fortunate,strange,good,ready,usual,prepared,surprised,common,useless,asked,lucky,difficult,likely satisfied,careful,sure,glad,bored,certain,etc

2)用于名词+不定式结构的常考名词:

failure,offer,plan,ability,decision,desire,chance,permission,occasion,fun,honor,capacity,wish,pleasure,opportunity,demand,way ,refusal,responsibility,freedom,promise,etc.

3)后面跟省去“to”的不定式作宾补的常考动词:

see watch,notice,observe,hear,listen to,feel ,get,make,have,let ,help,bid,know,look at ,smell,etc

成人本科学位英语考试,我们学习词汇时应注意容易混淆的词。英语中有些词,词形和读音相近,但意义却不同;有些同义词,基本意义相同,但内涵的意义有很大差异。我们必须在广泛阅读的基础上,仔细观察每一个词在不同上下文中的含义和用法,从而学会正确使用它。1.able, capable, competent

able为常用词,指具有做某事所需的力量,技巧,知识与时间等,一般下效率无关,用作定语表示能力超出平均水平。如:A cat is able to see in the dark. (猫在黑暗中能看见东西。)capable 指满足一般要求的能力,可以是表现出来的,也可是潜在的,搭配是be capable of +doing。用作定语,表示的能力没有able表示的能力强。如:He is capable of running a mile in a minute. (他能在一分钟内跑完一英里。)He is a very capable doctor. (他是一位很好的大夫。)

competent 指“胜任”,“合格”,或受过专业技术等训练的,但不是超群的能力。如:A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases. (医生应该能治多种病。)

2.aboard, abroad, board, broad

aboard 在船(或飞机,车)上。如:I never went aboard a ship.

abroad 副词,在国外或海外。如:He often goes abroad.

board 为动词,上(船,飞机,车)。如:The passengers are boarding the plane now.

broad 为形容词,宽广的。如:He has very broad shoulders.

3.accept, receive

accept 接受,receive“接到”,“收到”。如:I received an invitation yesterday, but I didn’t accept it. (昨天我收到了一个请柬,但并没有接受邀请。)

4.accident, incident, event

accident事故。如:a traffic accident (交通事故)

incident“附带事件”,在政治上特指引起国际争端或战争的事件,事变。

event “事件”,指特别重要的事件,通常是由以前的努力而产生的结果,也指国家和社会的事件。

5. accomplish, complete, finish, achieve, attain

accomplish表成功,强调完成的结果而不是过程。如:Because of his hard word, things are accomplished. (由于他的努力,事情都已完成了。)

complete 表示积极的完成,更具体地指建筑、工程等的完成。如:Has he complete his novel yet? (他的小说写完了吗?)

finish 最常用,后接动词的-ing形式,表示在一个活动的连续过程中完成了最后的一步或阶段。如:I’ll finish the job alone. (我要独自完成这项工作。)

achieve 完成,实现,强调通过努力而达到目的。如:You will achieve success if you work hard. Attain达到,实现,常用于一般人的能力不易达到的目的。如:Greater efforts are needed before we can attain our goals.

6. accurate, correct, exact, precise

accurate准确的,精确的。如:Clocks in railway stations should be accurate.(火车站的钟应该是准确的。)

correct“正确的”,指符合一定的标准或准则,含有“无错误的”意味。它的反义词是incorrect, wrong.

exact“精确的”,“恰好的”,比“大体上正确”更进一步,表“丝毫不差”。它的反义词是inexact。precise强调“精确”,“精密”。

7. accuse, charge, sue

accuse 指责,指控,常与of 搭配。如:His boss accused him of carelessness.

charge 常与with搭配。如:The police charged the driver with reckless driving.

sue 常与for 搭配。如:Smith sued his neighbor for damaging his house.

8. achieve, acquire, require, inquire

achieve(成功地)完成,实现。如:He will never achieve anything unless he works harder. (如他不努力工作,将会一事无成。)

acquire取得,获得,学到。如:acquire knowledge (获得知识)

inquire打听,询问。如:inquire a person’s name(问一个人的姓名)

require需要。如:We require more help. (我们需要更多的帮助。)

9. act, action, deed

act 用作名词时,与action, deed均可表“行为”,“举动”。Act指时间较短的个人行动或行为,强调结果。如:The farmer caught the boys in the act of stealing his apples. (农夫在孩子们正偷他的苹果时把他们抓住了。)

action较正式,往往指不止包含一个步骤,且持续时间较长的行为或行动,强调行为的过程。

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