英语语言学试题1及答案

1）
Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four

×10=20%)
、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay


A、 prescriptive B、 sociolinguistic C、 descriptive D、 psycholinguistic
、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.
A、 mouth B、 lips C、 tongue D、 vocal cords
、The morpheme vision in the common word elevision is a(n) ___.
A、 bound morpheme B、 bound form C、 inflectional morpheme D、 free morpheme
、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.
A、 coordinator B、 particle C、 preposition D、 subordinator
、Can I borrow your bike? _____ You have a bike.
A、 is synonymous with B、 is inconsistent with C、 entails D、 presupposes
、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is

A、 semantics B、 pragmatics C、 sociolinguistics D、 psycholinguistics
、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or

A、 elaboration B、 simplification C、 external borrowing D、 internal borrowing
、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as


A、 Lingua franca B、 Creole C、 Pidgin D、 Standard language
、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is


A、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus
B、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex
C、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons
D、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area
、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the


A、 learning B、 competence C、 performance D、 acquisition



×10=10%)
、Chomsky defines competence as the ideal user's k_______ of the rules of his language.
、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b______ .
、M_______ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by


、A s______ is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a


、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are called c______ synonyms.
、The illocutionary point of r_____ is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the


、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is

c______.
、Wherever the standard language can use a contraction (he+is→he's), Black English can d___ the

、The basic essentials of the first language are acquired in the short period from about age two to


、As a type of lin

guistic system in 12 learning, I ______is a product of L2 training, mother tongue





×10=20%)
)21、In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the


)22、Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English.
)23、The compound word ookstore is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the


)24、Syntactic categories refer to sentences (S) and clauses (C) only.
)25、Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects such as British English and


)26、Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violated and the hearer knows that


)27、The territory in which the Indo-European languages are mainly spoken today also includes

-European.
)28、In most bilingual communities, two languages have the same in speech situations known as

)29、According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, speakers' perceptions determine


)30、All normal children have equal ability to acquire their first language.

. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%×

、duality
、diachronic linguistics
、broad transcription
、morphological rules
、phrase structure rule
、relational opposites
、componential analysis
、context
、euphemism
、brain lateralization

. Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%)
、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples in English for illustration.
、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition of a second language.





(1)参考答案
单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）
、C 2、C 3、D 4、D 5、D
、B 7、B 8、C 9、A 10、D
10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
、knowledge
、bilabial
、morphology
、sentence
、complete
、representatives
、coinage
、delete
、critical
、interlanguage
10小题，每小题2分，共20分）
、F


、F
oicing distinguishes meaning in English but not in Chinese.
、F



、F

、F



、T
、T
、F


、F
-Whorf hypothesis, language


、T
10小题，每小题3分，共30分）
、One of the major defining features of human language. Human language consists of two levels. At



、Linguistics that studies language over a period of time, also known as historical linguistics, e.g.the



33．

、The rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word, e.g.-ly


、a rewrite rule that allows for the possible combinations of words to form phrases and sentences
、Relational opposites, a kind of antonyms, refer to pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a


、Componential analysis is a way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning.




、Context is regarded as constitu

ted by all kinds of knowledge assumed to be shared by the speaker




、A euphemism is a mild, indirect or less offensive word or expression that replaces a taboo word or


、Brain lateralization refers to the localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular




2小题，每小题10分，共20分）
、The inventory of sounds can change, and sound changes include changes in vowel sounds, sound


owel sound change: English has undergone the systematic and regular change in the vowel sounds,

owel shift which occurred at the end of the Middle English period and which involved


→

→ /faiv/(Modern English)






--spindle.





10分，总论及四小点各占2分。
、The acquisition of a second language is dependent on a combination of factors. The rate and




he younger the better.