现在完成时详解
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现在完成时(一)
一、构成:由“助动词have(has)+动词过去分词”构成。当句子主语为第三人称单数时,动词用has;其他人称用have。
1、肯定句:主语+have(has)+动词过去分词+其他成分
I have read the book already.
She has come.
用完成时填空
(1)He (get) a car. (2)We (see) the film.
2、否定句:主语+have(has)+not+动词过去分词+其他成分
I haven’t seen the film.
做否定句
She (finish)the homework.
They (give) me the answer yet.
3、一般疑问句,均提前have(has),肯定回答:Yes ,主语+have(has) ,否定回答,No, 主语+haven’t(hasn’t) .
Have you got an English-Chinese dictionary?
Yes ,I have . No, I hav en’t .
做一般疑问句并做肯定否定回答
S he has picked the corns already .
We have copied all the answers .
4、特殊疑问句:
(1)疑问词做主语时
句型:疑问词(主语)+have/has+过去分词+其他
例:A:Who has /have bought these apples?
谁买了这些苹果?
B:Rose/Rose's friends has/have bought them.罗斯/罗斯的朋友们买的.
(2).疑问词做主语以外的成份时.
句型:疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+…
A: How long have you lived here?
B: I’ve lived here for nearly 6 years.
A: How many times have you been to Spain?
B: I have been to Spain five times.
5、反义疑问句:
She has drawn two pictures, hasn’t she?
二、动词过去分词:绝大多数动词都是规则变化在动词词尾加ed,
部分动词是不规则变化。规则变化动词分为四类:
1、原形+ed,如worked ,passed .
2、字尾是不发音e是,直接加d,如liked ,lived
3、字尾是“元音字母加+y时”,直接加ed,若字尾为“辅音字母+y”,则改y尾I加ed,如,played ,stayed ,studied ,cried.
4、末尾是一个元音字母加一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,双写最后的辅音字母再加ed,如,stopped ,dropped,hugged,shopped,clapped. 关于ed 的发音如下:
1、在清辅音后面读/ t / ,在元音后读/d / .
2、在t, d 后读/ id /.
现在完成时(二)
现在完成时表示过去完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
一、常与already(已经),和yet连用。
1、Have you finished your work yet ? 你做完你的作业了吗?
Yes ,I have . I have just finished it .我昨完了,我刚做完。
2、I’ve already finished it . 我已经完成了。
3、I haven’t finished it yet.我还没做完。
○注already 通常用于现在完成时的肯定句中,含有already 的完成时句子变成否定句和疑问句时already 都变成yet .
She has already finished her homework . 变一般疑问句和否定句。Has she finished her homework yet ?
She hasn’t finished it yet.
○注根据上几句可看出already 常用于肯定句中,yet 常用于否定句疑问句句尾。
同时yet 也用于not 后面。
二、也可与ever(曾经) ,never(从来,决不)连用。
Have you ever been to the park ?
Yes ,I have .
No ,I haven’t , I have never been to the park.
三、与just(刚刚, 表示行为刚刚过去,常放在助动词与过去分词之间。),before(曾经,指过去不确定的某个时间,总是放在句末,) 连用。
1、He has just come back from school.
2、I think I have met you before.
3、It seems that I have been here before.
四、以动作发生的次数为标志:twice, three times…
He says he has been to the USA three times.
练习题
1、Have they seen the film ? 他们已经看过电影了吗?Yes ,they have seen it .是的,他们刚刚看过。
2、They have been to Hawaii.他们已经去过夏威夷了。
3、They haven’t seen the film .他们还没看过这场电影呢。
4、Have you seen the film ?你曾看过这场电影吗?
I have seen the film.我从来没看过这场电影。
5、I haven’t got a very good job .
A、already
B、yet
C、just
D、never
6、Has she learnt surfing ?
A、ever
B、never
C、just
D、already
7、We have been to Hawaii. (哪个不可以填此空)
A、never
B、yet
C、already
D、just
现在完成时(三)
一、用法:表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,有可能还会持续下去。(肯定句中必须用延续动词,否定句可用非延续动词)
1.For + 时间段
For 后面表示时间的可以是具体的数字,也可以是泛指的时间,如a