高二英语虚拟语气知识精讲

高二英语虚拟语气知识精讲

一语气的定义和种类

（一）语气（mood）语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。（二）语气的种类

1、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：

① There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面。

②

Were

you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗？

③How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊！

2、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如：

①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。

②Don' t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。

3、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如：

①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小

鸟，我就能在空中飞行。

②I wish I could pass the exam in ati on.我希望我能通过考试。

③May you succeed!祝您成功！。

二虚拟语气的主要内容

（一）、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气

虚拟语气用于if 引导的非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词有三种形式：

（1）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“ would / should / might / could + have + 过去分词”。如：

①If he had take n my advice, he would have succeeded in the compet

iti on.

②If we had started earlier, we should not have missed the train.

③If she hadn ' t been ill, she might have come.

（2）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（b e动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“ would / should/ could / mi

ght +动词原形”。如：

①If I were a boy, I would join the army.

②If he had time, he would come to help you.

③If she had money ,she might le nd you some .

（3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should （were to）+动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/could might

+动词原形。如；

① If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put of

f.

注意:

(1)有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if省略,而将“ were、had、should等动

词提到主语前面。如：

①Should it snow tomorrow ,we could have a sno wball fight .

②Had he take n my advice, he would have succeeded.

③Were it not for the expe nse, I would go to Britai n.

(2)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动

词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如：

If they had worked hard, they would be very tired. (从句说的是过去，

主句指的是现在)

If I were you ,I would have taken his advice .

(从句表示现在时间，主句表示过去时间)

(3)从句中的be动词用were

与过去事实相反：

公式：If 从句：had done

主句：would (should, might, could ) + have done

1．If I ___ her telephone number, I ______ h e r .

A. had, would have called

B. had had, would have called

2．.If you___ him yesterday, he ___ some suggestions.

A. had told, would have given

B. tell, had given

C. told, would have

given

3．The soldiers ___________ (fight) better,

if they _____________ (give)clear orders.

4.If he had not lost the money, he ___________ (buy) the piano last week.

与现在事实相反：

结构：( if ) 从句：过去时(did ) 或(were)

主句：would (could, might, should ) + do

1．If I ___ a bird, I ___ very happy.

A. were, would be

B. were ,shall be

C.am , would be

2．If my father __ here now,he ______ tell me what to do

A. were ,will

B. were, would

C. is ,would

3．If I __ a car, I ____ be very happy.