The itSIMPLE tool for Modeling Planning Domains
BOSS ME-33 吉他多效器说明书
ME-33Killer BOSS Effects and COSM Amp Models Made Easy!32q Floor-based guitar multi-effects processor with24-bit sound quality and built-in assignableexpression pedalq Onboard COSM Amp Modeling with 6 distinctguitar amp models plus simultaneous overdriveand distortion effectsq6 Quick Edit knobs for instant, familiar effectstweakingq24 distinct guitar effects (9 simultaneous) includingnew Feedback Modeling, Auto Wah, Humanizer,Harmonist, Auto Riff and Phrase Trainerq EZ Tone settings provide fast access to tones froma variety of musical stylesq Acoustic Guitar Simulator and Pickup Simulatorfor instant acoustic soundsq Large backlit LCD with helpful operationgraphics and iconsq Built-in auto tuner and patches optimized for usewith 7-string guitarsLeave it to the guitar-heads at BOSS to unleash what’s sure to be the most devastating, best-sounding and easy-to-use guitar multi-effects processor on the block. As the successor to the popular ME-30, the new ME-33 Guitar Multiple Effects arrives with an incredible range of killer 24-bit BOSS effects, onboard COSM Amp Modeling, and Quick Edit knobs for fast tweaking. Throw in an onboard expression pedal and new EZTone feature and you’ve got the easiest way to tap into a tonal powerhouse.GuitarMultiple Effects*Product pictured is a prototype model.Actual product appearance may be subject to change.33q AD Conversion AF Method * q DA Conversion ∆∑Method 24-bit DAC q Sampling Frequency 44.1 kHz qPatches 60 (User) + 30 (Preset) q Effects Guitar Simulator, Compressor, Overdrive/Distortion, Auto Wah, T-WahPhaser, Equalizer, Humanizer, Guitar Amp Simulator, Chorus, Flanger, Tremolo/Pan, Pitch Shifter, Harmonist, Auto Riff, Delay, Reverb, Noise Suppressor < Effects for Expression Pedal > Volume Pedal, Pedal Wah, Pitch Bender,Ring Modulator q Nominal Input Level INPUT: -20 dBu, AUX IN: -10 dBu q Input Impedance INPUT: 1 M ohms AUX IN: 47 k ohms q Nominal Output Level OUTPUT: -20 dBu, Output Impedance, OUTPUT: 2 k ohms q Display 7 segments, 1 character LED, Backlit Custom LCD q Jacks INPUT Jack, AUX IN Jack (Stereo Mini Type), OUTPUT Jacks L (MONO) / R, PHONES Jack (Stereo Mini Type), AC Adaptor Jack q Power Supply DC 9 V: Dry batteries(R6/LR6 (AA) type) x 6, AC Adaptor (PSAseries: Optional) q Current Draw 160 mA * Expected battery life under continuous use: Carbon: 3.5 hours, Alkaline: 12 hours, These figures will vary depending on the actual conditions of use. q Dimensions 397.5 (W) x 212 (D) x 63 (H) mm, 15-11/16 (W) x 8-3/8 (D) x 2-1/2 (H) inches q Weight 1.8 kg / 4 lbs (including batteries) q Accessories Owner's Manual, Dry Batteries (Alkaline: LR6 (AA) type) x 6,Roland Service (information Sheet) q Options AC Adaptor (PSA series)*0 dBu = 0.775 Vrms*In the interest of product improvement, the specifications and/or appearance of this unit are subject to change without prior notice.*AF Method (Adaptive Focus method)*This is a proprietary method from Roland that vastly improves the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of the A/D and D/A converters.ME-33 Specifications--------------------------------------------------------------Features that MatterThe ME-33 goes the extra mile by giving you an onboard expression pedal that’s instantly assigned to control a cool-sounding effects parameter. Of course, it can also easily be assigned to control just about anything else you want—from wah to pitch shifting to volume. For 7-string guitarists, it has an auto tuner that can tune a low “B”, as well as patches optimized for bottom-heavy sounds.Optional battery power lets you take it just about anywhere, while a built-in Phrase Trainer and Auxiliary input lets you record and play back riffs from CDs or tapes—the perfect tool for slowing down and learning those difficult riffs.--------------------------------------------------------------Incredible Sounds, Incredibly EasyIt’s no secret that BOSS is known for legendary effects with simple, straightforward designs that let you spend less time tweaking and more time playing. The ME-33 takes this concept to the extreme by putting the full BOSS effects powerhouse at your fingertips using six Quick Edit knobs (Gain, Tone, Modulation,Delay , Reverb and Level) and a large backlit graphic LCD. So getting your sound is now as simple as stomping a pedal and turning a few knobs. Once you’ve got the sound you like, just save it into one of 60 memory locations for instant recall. Don’t want to scroll through effects patches? No problem. A new Easy Tone feature gives you cool settings depending on the style of music you’re playing: Country , Blues, Rock, Hard Rock, Metal or 7-String--------------------------------------------------------------COSM Amp Models and Head-Turning EffectsThanks to the power of COSM Guitar Amp modeling, the ME-33delivers stunning models of six classic and modern amp types—from ultra-clean to bluesy to full-on thrash metal. And unlike some guitar multi-effects processors, you can use these killer amp models and a variety of BOSS overdrive/distortion effects simultaneously .Speaking of effects, there’s 24 in all—nine of which can be used simultaneously—including everything from reverb, chorus and delay to Auto Riff, Harmonist and an Overdrive/Distortion effect with new Feedback Modeling, which can give you realistic ampfeedback at any volume.s ME-33 Rear PanelJC-120, TWIN, MATCH, BG STK, MS STK, METALCOSM Amp Modelsq OverDrive/Distortion (OD, FAT, Blues/DIST, METAL, FUZZ)including Feedback modelingq Guitar Simulator (Pickup Simulator, Acoustic Simulator) q Compressor q Auto W ah q T-W ah q Phaser q Equalizer q Humanizer q Chorus (Mono, Stereo) q Flanger q T remolo/Pan q Pitch Shifter q Harmonist q Auto Riff q Delay (Normal, Pan) q Reverb (Room, Hall) q Noise Suppressor q Pedal W ah q Ring Modulator q Pitch Bend (1-5)Multi Effects。
Geometric Modeling
Geometric ModelingGeometric modeling is a fundamental aspect of computer-aided design and computer graphics. It involves the creation of digital representations of physical objects and shapes using mathematical equations and algorithms. Geometric modeling plays a crucial role in various industries, including manufacturing, architecture, entertainment, and scientific research. It enables designers and engineers to visualize, analyze, and manipulate complex geometries, ultimately leading to the development of innovative products and solutions. One of the key perspectives to consider when discussing geometric modeling is its significance in the field of engineering. Engineers rely on geometric modeling to design and simulate mechanical components, structures, and systems. By creating accurate 3D models of their designs, engineers can assess factors such as strength, durability, and performance, leading to the development of safer and more efficient products. Geometric modeling also facilitates the process of prototyping and testing, allowing engineers to identify and address potential issues before moving into production. In the realm of architecture and construction, geometric modeling plays a critical role in the design and visualization of buildings and infrastructure. Architects use geometric modeling software to create detailed 3D models of their designs, enabling them to explore different concepts, analyze spatial relationships, and communicate their ideas effectively. This technology also allows for the generation of realistic renderings and virtual walkthroughs, providing clients and stakeholders with a clear understanding of the proposed project. Additionally, geometric modeling supports the integration of building information modeling (BIM), which enhances collaboration and coordination among various disciplines involved in the construction process. Another perspective to consider is the impact of geometric modeling in the entertainment industry, particularly in the creation of digital content for films, video games, andvirtual reality experiences. Artists and animators utilize geometric modelingtools to sculpt and manipulate virtual characters, environments, and special effects. This process involves the use of polygons, curves, and surfaces to define the shape and appearance of digital assets. The level of detail and realism achievable through geometric modeling contributes to the immersive and visuallystunning nature of modern entertainment media. Moreover, geometric modeling is a crucial element in the advancement of scientific research and technological innovation. In fields such as medical imaging, geospatial analysis, and computational fluid dynamics, geometric modeling enables researchers to analyze and interpret complex data, leading to discoveries and breakthroughs in their respective domains. For instance, in medical applications, geometric modeling is used to reconstruct and visualize anatomical structures from imaging data, supporting diagnosis, treatment planning, and medical education. From a personal standpoint, as a designer and enthusiast of computer graphics, I have experienced the transformative power of geometric modeling in my creative endeavors. Theability to sculpt and manipulate digital forms has allowed me to bring my imagination to life, whether it's designing futuristic vehicles, otherworldly landscapes, or intricate mechanical assemblies. The process of working with geometric modeling tools is not just a technical exercise but a deeply immersive and expressive journey, where every vertex and edge contributes to the realization of a unique vision. In conclusion, geometric modeling is a multifaceted and indispensable tool that permeates various industries and creative pursuits. Its impact extends beyond the realms of design and engineering, influencing the way we perceive and interact with the world around us. As technology continues to evolve, geometric modeling will undoubtedly play a central role in shaping the future of innovation, art, and human expression.。
神奇的钥匙英文作文
神奇的钥匙英文作文英文：The magical key is something that has always fascinated me. It's not just a simple tool for opening or closing doors, but it's something that can unlock a whole new world of possibilities. With the right key, you can access secret rooms, hidden treasures, and even unlock the mysteries of the universe.One of the most interesting things about the magical key is that it can come in many different forms. It can be a physical key that you hold in your hand, or it can be a metaphorical key that unlocks your mind and allows you to see things in a new way. For example, a book can be a magical key that opens up a new world of knowledge and understanding.Another fascinating aspect of the magical key is that it often requires a certain amount of effort to obtain.It's not just handed to you on a silver platter, but you have to work for it. This can involve solving puzzles, overcoming obstacles, or simply being in the right place at the right time.But perhaps the most important thing about the magical key is what it represents. It's a symbol of hope, of possibility, and of potential. It reminds us that there's always something more out there, waiting to be discovered. And it encourages us to keep searching, keep exploring, and keep dreaming.中文：神奇的钥匙一直让我着迷。
英语一天的计划表简单又好看
英语一天的计划表简单又好看Planning your day in English can be both simple and visually appealing. 用英语制定一天的计划可以简单又美观。
To start with, it is important to consider your priorities for the day. The first thing you should do is list all the tasks you need to accomplish. 首先，重要的是考虑你当天的重点任务。
你应该列出所有需要完成的任务。
Next, organize your tasks into categories based on their importance and urgency. This will help you prioritize and allocate your time effectively. 接下来，根据任务的重要性和紧急性将它们分类。
这将有助于你有效地安排时间。
In addition, consider setting specific time slots for each task to ensure you stay on track throughout the day. It can be helpful to use a planner or calendar to visually map out your schedule. 另外，考虑为每个任务设定具体的时间段，以确保你整天都保持在正确的轨道上。
使用日程表或日历来直观地规划你的时间表可能会有所帮助。
Furthermore, don't forget to include breaks in your schedule to rest and recharge. Taking short breaks throughout the day can improve productivity and prevent burnout. 此外，不要忘记在你的计划中包括休息时间来放松和充电。
介绍一种产品的功能和使用方法英语作文900
介绍一种产品的功能和使用方法英语作文900全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1My Favorite Gadget: The Swiss Army KnifeWhen people ask me what my favorite gadget is, I always pull out my trusty Swiss Army Knife with pride. This remarkable little multi-tool is an absolute essential for any student or outdoor enthusiast. From its sleek red casing to its myriad of ingenious tools, the Swiss Army Knife is a true marvel of engineering and practicality. Let me walk you through all the incredible features that make this pocket-sized wonder an indispensable part of my everyday carry.First and foremost, the Swiss Army Knife boasts an impressive array of blades, each designed for specific tasks. The large blade is perfect for heavy-duty cutting, whether you're slicing through rope, opening packages, or even whittling wood for a camping craft project. The smaller blades come in handy for more delicate tasks, like sharpening pencils or trimming loose threads from your clothing. And let's not forget the versatile canopener – a lifesaver when you need to crack open a can of beans or soup during a study session or camping trip.But the Swiss Army Knife is so much more than just a collection of blades. It's a veritable toolbox in your pocket. The pliers are a godsend for anyone who needs to grip, bend, or twist small objects, whether you're fixing a broken zipper or assembling a model for your science project. The scissors are surprisingly robust, capable of cutting through paper, cardboard, and even light fabrics with ease. And the tweezers? Well, let's just say they've saved me from more than a few splinters and errant beard hairs over the years.One of my favorite features of the Swiss Army Knife is the set of screwdrivers. With both flathead and Phillips options, I can tackle any loose screw or assembly task that comes my way. Need to tighten the hinges on your locker door? No problem. Want to disassemble and clean your computer's case fans? The Swiss Army Knife has you covered. It's like having a miniature repair kit at your fingertips.And let's not forget about the toothpick and tweezers. Sure, they might seem like minor inclusions, but they've saved me from more than a few embarrassing moments. Got a piece of food stuck in your teeth before an important presentation? Thetoothpick will sort that out in no time. Need to remove a splinter or extract a stubborn hangnail? The tweezers are your best friend.But wait, there's more! Many Swiss Army Knife models also include a corkscrew, perfect for those (ahem) over-21 study sessions where a bottle of wine might make an appearance. And let's not overlook the nail file and scissors, which can come in handy for quick grooming touch-ups when you're on the go.Now, I know what you're thinking: "With all those tools, the Swiss Army Knife must be bulky and cumbersome to carry around." Well, think again! The genius of this design lies in its compact, lightweight construction. Closed, the Swiss Army Knife is no larger than a deck of cards, easily slipping into your pocket or backpack without weighing you down.Using the Swiss Army Knife is a breeze, too. Each tool is accessible with a simple flick of the wrist, thanks to the ingenious pivot system that allows the various components to swing out smoothly. And when you're done, everything folds back into the sleek red casing, ready for your next adventure.But the Swiss Army Knife isn't just a practical tool; it's also a symbol of self-reliance and preparedness. With this little gadget by your side, you'll always be ready to tackle any unexpectedchallenge that comes your way. Need to make a quick repair? The Swiss Army Knife has you covered. Caught in a bind and need a makeshift tool? The Swiss Army Knife is your trusty companion.In today's fast-paced world, where we rely so heavily on technology, there's something deeply satisfying about carrying a Swiss Army Knife – a tangible reminder of the timeless value of craftsmanship and ingenuity. It's a piece of functional art that combines form and function in a way that few modern gadgets can match.So, whether you're a student juggling classes and extracurricular activities, an outdoor enthusiast planning your next camping trip, or simply someone who values being prepared for life's little surprises, the Swiss Army Knife is an investment that will pay dividends time and time again. It's a gadget that transcends generations, a testament to the enduring power of simple, well-designed tools.Whenever I pull out my Swiss Army Knife, I can't help but feel a sense of pride and accomplishment. It's a constant reminder that with the right tools and a little ingenuity, there's no challenge too big or too small to tackle. So go ahead, treatyourself to this iconic multi-tool – your future self will thank you for it.篇2The Smarty Pants Smart Watch - A Student's Best FriendAs a student, I'm always on the go - running from class to study group to my part-time job and a million other things. Keeping up with everything can be a real challenge. That's why I was so excited when I got my hands on the new Smarty Pants Smart Watch. This little device has been a total game-changer for helping me stay organized and on top of my busy life. Let me tell you all about the awesome features that make this smart watch so incredibly useful for a student like me.First off, the Smarty Pants has this cool feature called "Class Manager" that lets me input my entire class schedule. I just had to enter the times, locations, and course names for each of my classes at the start of the semester, and now the watch vibrates to remind me 15 minutes before each class starts. It's so handy because I sometimes get wrapped up in studying or hanging out with friends and lose track of time. Thanks to the Class Manager, I haven't missed a single lecture this year!Another super helpful feature is the "Assignment Tracker." I can input all my homework assignments, papers, and project due dates, and the watch will remind me a few days before each one is due. As someone who has struggled with procrastination in the past, these notifications have been a real lifesaver for making sure I stay on top of my work and don't end up pulling anall-nighter at the last minute. The Assignment Tracker has definitely helped improve my time management skills.But the Smarty Pants smart watch doesn't just help me stay organized academically - it's also been clutch for keeping the rest of my life in order too. The "Calendar Sync" function allows me to integrate my watch with my phone, laptop, and email calendars. So any events, appointments, or meetings I have scheduled automatically show up on my watch face. I use this for things like my work schedule at the campus bookstore, club meeting times, and even reminders for my little cousin's baseball games that I try not to miss.One of my favorite features is the customizable "Watch Faces." While the smart watch obviously tells the time, it can also display little symbols and icons representing whatever events or tasks I have coming up. So at a glance, I can see that I have a class at 2pm, followed by a study group session, and then I'mscheduled to pick up a shift at work. It makes it so easy to visualize my day in a simple, streamlined way rather than having to constantly check multiple apps and planners.Speaking of apps, the Smarty Pants watch can download tons of different apps for things like fitness tracking, music streaming, and even mobile payments. As a broke student, I especially love the mobile payment app because I can easily make purchases on campus without having to worry about carrying cash or cards around. I just enter my payment info into the secure app and can pay for anything from textbooks to coffee to baseball game tickets with a quick tap of my watch.For those times when I do need to carry important cards like my student ID or debit card, the Smarty Pants has a neat little trick - it actually has a tiny slim compartment for storing one or two cards right there on the watch band! So whether I'm going to the campus gym, the library, or just running some errands around town, I don't have to lug around my whole wallet. It's so convenient.But wait, there's more! The Smarty Pants is also afull-fledged fitness tracker. It counts my steps, tracks my running routes and cycling distances via GPS, and even monitors my heart rate. There are lots of different workout apps I can use onthe watch as well to help me mix up my fitness routines. As someone trying to stay healthy while juggling classes and other commitments, having all these fitness features built right into my smart watch has been a total godsend.Now, you might be thinking - this all sounds great, but setting up a fancy smart watch like this has to be super complicated, right? Actually, the Smarty Pants is incredibly user-friendly and easy to set up, even for a tech novice like me. When I first got the watch, I just had to download the SmartyPants app onto my phone, create an account, and then follow the simple step-by-step instructions to connect my watch and phone via Bluetooth. From there, I can make adjustments and customize everything right from the app. It walks you through how to input your class schedule, connect your calendars, download additional apps, and tweak all the settings to your preferences.One of the coolest setup features is the ability to create different "Watch Modes." For example, I have one mode set for "School Day" that displays my upcoming classes, assignments, and study times. Then I have an "Work Shift" mode that shows my bookstore schedule and schwarzrieshte anyrelevant work details. I also have a "Workout" mode with a sporty watch facethat prominently displays my step count and other fitness stats. With just a couple taps, I can instantly switch between these different modes so the most relevant info is always front and center on my watch face.I know all these features sound like a lot, but I've found the learning curve to be pretty quick and easy. The SmartPants app has tutorial videos that teach you how to use each capability, and the menu interface on the watch itself is very intuitive. After just a week or so of use, I felt like I had totally mastered it.Plus, the smart watch holds a long battery charge - I only have to recharge it about once every 5-7 days with regular use. And it's water-resistant up to 50 meters, so I don't have to worry about getting it wet in the pool or rainshowers. Durability is key since I'm kind of klutzy and prone to banging my watch around.I could honestly go on and on about how incredibly useful this smart watch has been, but I'll wrap it up by saying that the Smarty Pants has genuinely helped make my hectic student life so much more manageable. Between all the organizational features for academics, the fitness tracking capabilities, payment methods, and seamless connectivity, it's been an absolute lifesaver. If you're a student looking for a way to simplify yourdaily chaos, I can't recommend this product enough. The Smarty Pants smart watch is worth every penny!篇3The Miracle of the Modern SmartphoneAs a student living in this era of rapidly evolving technology, I can confidently say that one of the most remarkable inventions that has revolutionized our lives is the smartphone. This compact device, which fits snugly in the palm of our hands, is a true marvel of modern engineering and innovation. In this essay, I will delve into the incredible features and functionalities of the smartphone, highlighting how it has become an indispensable tool for our academic pursuits and daily lives.At its core, the smartphone is a powerful computing device that combines the capabilities of a traditional computer with the portability and convenience of a mobile device. It is equipped with a high-resolution touchscreen display, a powerful processor, and a vast array of built-in sensors and components that enable a wide range of functions.One of the most significant features of the smartphone is its ability to connect us to the internet virtually anywhere, anytime. With the tap of a finger, we can access an infinite wealth ofinformation, from online libraries and research databases to educational videos and interactive learning platforms. This accessibility has transformed the way we study, research, and acquire knowledge, making the learning process more efficient and engaging.Another remarkable aspect of the smartphone is its multimedia capabilities. It serves as a portable entertainment hub, allowing us to stream movies, listen to music, and even create our own content. This feature has proven to be invaluable for language learning, as we can immerse ourselves in audio and video materials from various cultures and regions, enhancing our understanding and appreciation of diverse languages and cultures.The smartphone's camera functionality is nothing short of impressive. With high-resolution cameras and advanced image processing capabilities, we can capture stunning photographs and videos, documenting our academic journeys, experiments, and field trips with remarkable clarity and detail. Additionally, the camera can be used for scanning documents, translating text, and even solving complex mathematical equations through specialized apps.One of the most significant advantages of the smartphone is its ability to enhance our productivity and organization. With a vast array of productivity apps and tools, we can create and edit documents, manage our schedules, take notes, and collaborate with classmates and instructors seamlessly. Features like cloud storage and file-sharing capabilities have made group projects and remote collaboration more efficient and convenient than ever before.The smartphone has also revolutionized the way we communicate and stay connected. Through messaging apps, video calls, and social media platforms, we can engage with our classmates, professors, and academic communities from around the world, fostering a collaborative and inclusive learning environment. This interconnectivity has opened doors to new opportunities for exchanging ideas, seeking mentorship, and building professional networks.However, it is important to acknowledge that the smartphone, like any powerful tool, comes with its challenges and potential drawbacks. The constant influx of notifications and the temptation to multitask can be a source of distraction, potentially hampering our focus and productivity. Additionally,the overreliance on technology raises concerns about digital addiction and the potential erosion of interpersonal skills.To mitigate these challenges, it is crucial to developself-discipline and healthy boundaries when using our smartphones. Setting designated "tech-free" times, practicing mindfulness, and prioritizing face-to-face interactions can help us strike a balance between the benefits of technology and the importance of real-world connections and experiences.In conclusion, the smartphone is a remarkable invention that has profoundly impacted our lives as students. Its vast array of features and capabilities has transformed the way we learn, communicate, and engage with the world around us. However, it is essential to use this powerful tool responsibly and in moderation, ensuring that it enhances our academic pursuits and personal growth rather than hindering them. As we continue to embrace the ever-evolving realm of technology, it is our responsibility to harness its potential while maintaining a healthy balance and prioritizing the timeless values of critical thinking, creativity, and human connection.。
fortran for 用法
fortran for 用法Fortran is a programming language that was developed in the 1950s and is primarily used for scientific and engineering computations. In this article, we will explore the usage of Fortran, step by step, examining its features, syntax, and application areas.1. Introduction to Fortran:Fortran, short for Formula Translation, was developed by IBM as the first high-level programming language designed specifically for scientific and engineering calculations. It became popular due to its efficiency in handling numerical computations and remains extensively used in these fields.2. Features of Fortran:Fortran is known for its strong support for floating-point calculations, making it ideal for numerical simulations, mathematical modeling, and data analysis. It provides a range of built-in mathematical functions and libraries for complex mathematical operations. Fortran also supports arrays andmulti-dimensional data structures, allowing efficient data manipulation and processing.3. Syntax and Structure:Fortran programs are written in fixed-format style, where columns 1-6 are used for line labels, 7 is for a continuation character, and columns 8-72 are for statements and comments. The general structure of a Fortran program consists of declarations, executable statements, and subroutines or functions.4. Declaring Variables and Constants:In Fortran, variables and constants are declared using the "type" statement. The commonly used types include integer, real, and character. For example, to declare an integer variable called "count", we use the statement "integer :: count".5. Input and Output Operations:Fortran provides various standard input and output functions to interact with the user. The "read" statement is used to accept input from the user, while the "write" statement displays output on the screen or writes it to a file. For example, "read(*,*) x" reads a value into variable x from the default input source, and "write(*,*) x" displays the value of x on the screen.6. Control Structures:Fortran supports the standard control structures such as if-else, do-while, and do-loop. These control structures enable the program to make decisions and iterate over a set of statements based on specified conditions. Loops are particularly useful in performing repetitive tasks and computing over large datasets.7. Modular Programming:Modular programming, which promotes code reusability and organization, is supported in Fortran through the use of subroutines and functions. Subroutines are blocks of code that perform specific tasks and can be called from other parts of the program. Functions, on the other hand, return a value and can be used in expressions.8. Libraries and Extensions:Fortran provides a wide range of libraries and extensions to facilitate scientific and engineering computations. The most commonly used library is the Mathematical Library (MKL), which offers optimized routines for linear algebra, fast Fourier transforms, and numerical integration. Additionally, Fortran can be extended with modules written in other languages like C or C++.9. Parallel Computing:Fortran has excellent support for parallel computing, which allows programs to utilize multiple processors or cores for simultaneous execution. Libraries like OpenMP and MPI (Message Passing Interface) can be used to implement parallel algorithms in Fortran, increasing the speed and efficiency of computation-intensive tasks.10. Applications:Fortran is widely used in various scientific and engineering domains, including weather forecasting, computational physics, computational chemistry, and aerospace engineering. Its efficiency in handling large datasets and complex calculations makes it indispensable for numerical simulations and research purposes.In conclusion, Fortran is a powerful programming language that excels in numerical computations and is widely used in scientific and engineering fields. Its features, syntax, and extensive libraries make it an ideal choice for complex mathematical modeling, data analysis, and simulation tasks. With its continued development and support, Fortran remains a critical tool for scientists and engineers worldwide.。
外文翻译--基于SOLIDWORKS和MASTERCAM一体的CADCAM研究-精品
相关中英文翻译资料资料题目：基于SolidWorks和MasterCAM一体的CAD/ CAM研究学生姓名：所在院系：机电学院所学专业：机电技术教育Moulds CAD/CAM Based on SolidWorks and MasterCAMAbstract: SolidWorks is a famous software for moulds design，MasterCAM is a popular software of NC machining. This paper aims at taking full advantages of this two kinds of software to design and manufacture mould. Through the example of designing and manufacturing of cell phone cover mould，expound the method and technological process of NC machining by using this two kinds of software. Keywords: SolidWorks,MasterCAM,CAD/CAM,NC Machining1 SolidWorks and MasterCAM introduceThe SolidWorks software belongs to the end three dimensional CAD software, is Dassault System Corporation serves under somebody's banner the SolidWorks subsidiary company the product, the software the most major characteristic is easy to study easily to use, easy to grasp, is low to hardware's request. Moreover, around the world several hundred companies developed the specialized project application system based on SolidWork* to integrate SolidWorks as the plug-in unit in the software contact surface, including mold design, manufacture, analysis, product demonstration, data conversion and so on, caused it to become has the practical application solution software system, but must realize the application in the project to need other modules the support. MasterCAM American NC Software Corporation develops the development the CAD/CAM system software, as a result of remarkable processing the function, has the numerous faithful users in the world, pan-is applied in machine domains and so on weapon, aviation, shipbuilding, mold. However the MasterCAM design (CAD) function is relatively weak, when carries on the complex surface modeling one is quite difficult, but this is precisely the SolidWorks superiority is. This article was the MasterCAM software has provided DXF, I(}ES, CADL, VDA, STL, PA- RASLD, DWG and so on standard graph transformation connection, may graph transformation cost system's graphic file which produced other CAD software, realized graphic file sharing. Establishes the model postselection reasonable processing way, using the MasterCAM turning, the milling and the line cutting module can establish highly effective the each numerical control processing program, facilitates realizes the graph carving function quickly. therefore carries on the CAD design using SolidWorks, unifies MasterCAM to carry on the numerical controlprocessing, becomes the current mold enterprise priority selection CAD/CAM way Below has take the handset cover mold as an example, introduced that SolidWorks unifies MasterCAM9. 0 in mold design and processing aspect application. 2Based on the SolidWorks handset cover mold designsThe SolidWorks software has the very strong modelling function, uses its stretch, the excision, the drill hole, the bevel edge, to pull out orders and so on shell, curve surface to be possible to complete each type the components design.2. 1 primitive design modelBy the hand canopy example, uses the SolidWorks software choice components, chooses the schematic diagram first and draws up the schematic diagram, carries on the size restraint and the geometry relations restraint, then carries on production three dimensional block diagrams and so on stretch, excision, drill hole, bevel edge.2. 2 Handset outer covering manufacture processes(1) SolidWorks handset outer covering manufacture like above turns on the components cartography frame, the choice “the foresight”, the insertion “the reduced plane 1,” in “the frame inputs in “the equal-space distance 10”, establishes the reduced plane 1, like Figure 1·Figure 1 the reduced plane establishesOn draws up the ellipse graph in “the head-on view”, the choice “the tool/schematic diagram” the plan “tool/cutting out” the straight line carries on cutting out, the size establishment to the ellipse, like Figure 2.On draws up 1 the same graph in the reduced plane”, the choice “the insertion/lug boss substrate/lofting”, springs the lofting dialog box, in the frame chooses “the schematic diagram separately in “the outline” 1” and “the schematic diagram 2”, selects on the graph the superficial sideline to its round angle, the radiusis 10 mm, like Figure 3The choice “the tool/schematic diagram plan entity/writing” on the graph the superficial plan writing, then the click “stretches the lug boss/substrate” the button, depth 1mm, effect like chart 4(2)The Mastercam handset outer covering simulation processesOpens the Mastercam operation contact surface, clicks on File/Converters/IGES/Read file, found saves the document and opens, then completed Solidworks and the Mastercam graphic file transformation, as shown in Figure 5 Then passes through the different step①Processing spot selection,②Cutting tool choice,③Cutting tool parameter establishment (Figure 6),④Processing way establishment,⑤Rough machining parameter establishment,⑥Establishments and so on precision work parameter establishment, complete the hand cabinet's numerical control automatic programming) to select the chart not sideline and to carry on the establishment finally according to the chart.Completes above each technological parameter establishment, passes through the following processing step simulation (Figure 7} to take shape finally like Figure 8.①Contour milling;②In writing superficial milling;③On shell superficial milling;④Circumference rough machining;⑤System generation procedure (Figure 9).Using MasterCAM9. 0 post-processing modules, select the engine bed correspondence numerical control system's post processor to produce the numerical control procedure. Selects MPFAN. PST document MasterCAM9. 0 will produce suits this engine bed movement the numerical control procedure. The MasterCAM software system has developed in view of many numerical control systems with it match post-processing document (for example FANUC, SIEMENS, MITSUBISHI and so on), the selection corresponding post-processing document, then the direct production specific numerical control system needs numerical control processing program. Because this system is the domestically produced Nanjing Huaxing 21M numerical control system, in the MasterCAM software system not the post-processing document which matches with it, the automatic production's NC procedure cannot the direct transmission carry on the processing for the numerically-controlled machine tool, needs to make the simple revision. The revision finished then the file transfer for the numerically-controlled machine tool, completed the work piece the processing.Has mainly made the following three aspect revision to the automatic production's numerical control procedure. ①Obliterates the procedure to begin,section tail some regarding the system not essential explanation explanatory procedure code, uses in exchange cutting tool's explanation among the procedure also to delete. For example:%00000(PROGRAM NAME一BB1)(DATE=DD一MM一YY一06一05 TIME=HH:MM一10;45)N0 G21N2 GO G17 G40 G49 G80 G90(16. FLAT ENDMILL TOOL.一1 DIA..OFF.一1. LEN. 一1DIA. 一4—）②Obliterates the wooden system definition the instruction-code.For example: N4T1 M6 obliterates M6; N 6 G 0 G 90 X 170. Y 190. A0. S5OOM3 obliterates AO③Replaces in the procedure with this system expression way different procedure code (for example form, mark and so on), enables the system the correct recognizer, gains ideal processing components For example: N8 G43 H1 Z50 recasts N8 G42G01 Z50; N1922M30 recasts N 1922 M022ConclusionIntroduced the SolidWorks software and the MasterCAM 9. 0 software's functional module and the work flow. Introduced the SolidWorks software and the MasterCAM 9. 0 software's some base wooden operation in detail take the handset outer covering teaching model as the example, including CAD components geometric modeling, CAM components analog simulation processing, NC code post-processing process three parts. In addition, but also introduced the SolidWorks software and the MasterCAM software graphic file transformation. Its intellectualized 3D cartography function and MasterCAM software has the graphic file transformation interface function unifies closely, realizes superior the design.SolidWorks software's CAD superiority and MasterCAM software's CAM superiority organic synthesis, may reduce the user to design and the processing cam time precisely greatly.Reference1 ultra, Zhang Baoshu. Based on pro/engineer and MasterCAM mold CAD/CAM casting technique, 2007(4); 5,191,5222 Lu Rongming. Designs and processes CAD/CAM and the manufacturing industry informationization based on pro/engineer and the MasterCAM mold, 2006(9)107yi108基于SolidWorks和MasterCAM一体的CAD/ CAM研究摘要: SolidWorks是著名的CAD设计软件，而MasterCAM是流行的数控加工软件。
Labview图形化编程语言中英文对照外文翻译文献
Labview图形化编程语⾔中英⽂对照外⽂翻译⽂献中英⽂资料外⽂翻译National Instruments LabVIEW: A Programming Environment for Laboratory Automation and Measurement .National Instruments LabVIEW is a graphical programming language that has its roots in automation control and data acquisition. Its graphical representation, similar to a process flow diagram, was created to provide an intuitive programming environment for scientists and engineers. The language has matured over the last 20 years to become a general purpose programming environment. LabVIEW has several key features which make it a good choice in an automation environment. These include simple network communication, turnkey implementation of common communication protocols (RS232, GPIB, etc.), powerful toolsets for process control and data fitting, fast and easy user interface construction, and an efficient code execution environment. We discuss the merits of the language and provide an example application suite written in-house which is used in integrating and controlling automation platforms.Keywords: NI LabVIEW; graphical programming; system integration; instrument control; component based architecture; robotics; automation; static scheduling; dynamic scheduling; databaseIntroductionCytokinetics is a biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery of small molecule therapeutics that target the cytoskeleton. Since inception we have developed a robust technology infrastructure to support our drug discovery efforts. The infrastructure provides capacity to screen millions of compounds per year in tests ranging from multiprotein biochemical assays that mimic biological function to automated image-based cellular assays with phenotypic readouts. The requirements for processing these numbers and diversity of assays have mandated deployment of multiple integrated automation systems. For example, we have several platforms for biochemical screening, systems for live cell processing, automated microscopy systems, and an automated compound storage and retrieval system. Each in-house integrated system is designed around a robotic arm and contains an optimal set of plate-processing peripherals (such as pipetting devices, plate readers, and carousels) depending on its intended range of use. To create the most flexible, high performance, and cost-effective systems, we have taken the approach of building our own systems in-house. This has given us the ability to integrate the most appropriate hardware and software solutions regardless of whether they are purchased from a vendor or engineered de novo, and hence we can rapidly modify systems as assay requirements change.To maximize platform consistency and modularity, each of our 10 automated platforms is controlled by a common, distributed application suite that we developed using National Instruments (NI) LabVIEW. This application suite described in detail below, enables our end users to create and manage their own process models (assayscripts) in a common modeling environment, to use these process models on any automation system with the required devices, and allows easy and rapid device reconfiguration. The platform is supported by a central Oracle database and can run either statically or dynamically scheduled processes.NI LabVIEW BackgroundLabVIEW, which stands for Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench is a graphical programming language first released in 1986 by National Instruments (Austin, TX). LabVIEW implements a dataflow paradigm in which the code is not written, but rather drawn or represented graphically similar to a flowchart diagram Program execution follows connector wires linking processing nodes together. Each function or routine is stored as a virtual instrument (VI) having three main components: the front panel which is essentially a form containing inputs and controls and can be displayed at run time, a block diagram where the code is edited and represented graphically, and a connector pane which serves as an interface to the VI when it is imbedded as a sub-VI.The top panel (A) shows the front panel of the VI. Input data are passed through “Controls” which are shown to the left. Included here are number inputs, a file path box, and a general error propagation cluster. When the VI runs, the “Indicator”outputs on the right of the panel are populated with output data. In this example, data include numbers (both as scalar and array), a graph, and the output of the error cluster. In the bottom panel (B) the block diagram for the VI is shown. The outer case structure executes in the “No Error” case (VIs can make internal errors o r if called as a sub-VI the caller may propagate an error through the connector pane).Unlike most programming languages, LabVIEW compiles code as it is created thereby providing immediate syntactic and semantic feedback and reducing the time required for development and testing.2Writing code is as simple as dragging and droppingfunctions or VIs from a functions palette onto the block diagram within process structures (such as For Loops, or Case Structures) and wiring terminals (passing input values, or references). Unit testing is simplified because each function is separately encapsulated; input values can be set directly on the front panel without having to test the containing module or create a separate test harness. The functions that generate data take care of managing the storage for the data.NI LabVIEW supports multithreaded application design and executes code in an inherently parallel rather than sequential manner; as soon as a function or sub-VI receives all of its required inputs, it can begin execution. In Figure 1b, all the sub-VIs receive the array input simultaneously as soon as the For Loop is complete, and thus they execute in parallel. This is unique from a typical text-based environment where the control flows line by line within a function. When sequential execution is required, control flow can be enforced by use of structures such as Sequences, Events, or by chaining sub-VIs where output data from one VI is passed to the input of the next VI.Similar to most programming languages, LabVIEW supports all common data types such as integers, floats, strings, and clusters (structures) and can readily interface with external libraries, ActiveX components, and .NET framework. As shown in Figure 1b, each data type is graphically represented by wires of different colors and thickness. LabVIEW also supports common configuration management applications such as Visual SourceSafe making multideveloper projects reasonable to manage.Applications may be compiled as executables or as Dynamic Link Libraries (DLLs) that execute using a run-time engine similar to the Java Runtime Environment. The development environment provides a variety of debugging tools such as break-points, trace (trace), and single-step. Applications can be developed using a variety of design patterns such as Client-Server, Consumer-Producer, andState-Machine. There are also UML (Unified Modeling Language) modeling tools that allow automated generation of code from UML diagrams and state diagrams.Over the years, LabVIEW has matured into a general purpose programming language with a wider user base.NI LabVIEW as a Platform for Automation and InstrumentationOur experience creating benchtop instrumentation and integrated automation systems has validated our choice of LabVIEW as an appropriate tool. LabVIEW enables rapid development of functionally rich applications appropriate for both benchtop applications and larger integrated systems. On many occasions we have found that project requirements are initially ill defined or change as new measurements or new assays are developed.. There are several key features of the language that make it particularly useful in an automation environment for creating applications to control and integrate instrumentation, manage process flow, and enable data acquisition.Turnkey Measurement and Control FunctionLabVIEW was originally developed for scientists and engineers .The language includes a rich set of process control and data analysis functions as well as COM, .NET, and shared DLL support. Out of the box, it provides turnkey solutions to a variety of communication protocols including RS232, GPIB, and TCP/IP. Control structures such as timed While Loops allow synchronized and timed data acquisition from a variety of hardware interfaces such as PCI, USB, and PXI. DataSocket and VI ServerDeployment of an integrated system with multiple control computers requires the automation control application to communicate remotely with instrument drivers existing on remote computers. LabVIEW supports a distributed architecture by virtue of enabling seamless network communication through technologies such as VI Server and DSTP (data sockets transfer protocol). DSTP is an application layer protocol similar to http based on Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). Data sockets allow easy transfer of data between remote computers with basic read and write functions. Through VI server technology, function calls can be made to VIs residing on remote computers as though they are residing on the local computer. Both Datasockets and VI server can be configured to control accesses privileges.Simple User Interface (UI) ImplementationIn addition to common interface controls such as text boxes, menu rings, and check-boxes, LabVIEW provides a rich set of UI controls (switches, LEDs, gauges, array controls, etc.) that are pertinent to laboratory equipment. These have their origins in LabVIEWs laboratory roots and help in development of interfaces which give scientists a clear understanding of a system's state. LabVIEW supports UI concepts including subpanels (similar to the Multiple Document Interface), splitter bars, and XControls (analogous to OCX controls).Multithreaded Programming EnvironmentThe inherent parallel environment of LabVIEW is extremely useful in the control of laboratory equipment. Functions can have multiple continuous While Loops where one loop is acquiring data rapidly and the other loop processes the data at a much slower rate. Implementing such a paradigm in other languages requires triggering an independent function thread for each process and developing logic to manage synchronization. Through timed While Loops, multiple independent While Loops can be easily synchronized to process at a desired period and phase relative to one another. LabVIEW allows invoking multiple instances of the same function witheach maintaining its own data space. For instance, we could drag many instances of the Mean sub-VI onto the block diagramin Figure 1b and they would all run in parallel, independent of one another. To synchronize or enforce control flow within the dataflow environment, LabVIEW also provides functions such as queues, semaphores, and notification functions.NI LabVIEW Application Example: The Open System Control Architecture (OSCAR)OSCAR is a LabVIEW-based (v7.1) automation integration framework and task execution engine designed and implemented at Cytokinetics to support application development for systems requiring robotic task management. OSCAR is organized around a centralized Oracle database which stores all instrumentation configuration information used to logically group devices together to create integrated systems (Fig. 2). The database also maintains Process Model information from which tasks and parameters required to run a particular process on a system can be generated and stored to the database. When a job is started, task order and parameter data are polled by the Execution Engine which marshals tasks to each device and updates task status in the database in real time. Maintaining and persisting task information for each system has two clear benefits. It allows easy job recovery in the event of a system error, and it also provides a process audit trail that can be useful for quality management and for troubleshooting process errors or problems.Each OSCAR component is distributed across the company intranet and communicates with a central database. Collections of physical devices controlled through OSCAR Instrument packages (OIP) make up systems. Users interact with systems through one of the several applications built on OSCAR. Each application calls the RTM which marshals tasks from the database to each OIP. OSCAR has sets of tools for managing system configurations, creating Process Models, monitoring running processes, recovering error-state systems, and managing plate inventory in storage devices.OSCAR uses a loosely coupled distributed component architecture, enabled in large part by LabVIEWs DSTP and remote VI technologies that allow system control to be extended beyond the confines of the traditional central control CPU model. Any networked computer or device can be integrated and controlled in an OSCAR system regardless of its physical location. This removes the proximity constraints of traditional integrated systems and allows for the utilization of remote data crunchers, devices, or even systems. The messaging paradigm used shares many similarities with current Service Oriented Architectures or Enterprise Service Bus implementations without a lot of required programming overhead or middleware; a centralized server is not required to direct the XML packets across the network. An additional benefit to this loosely coupled architecture is the flexibility in front-end application design. OSCAR encapsulates and manages all functionality related to task execution and device control, which frees the developer to focus on the unique requirements of a given application. For example, an application being created for the purpose of compound storage and retrieval can be limited in scope to requirements such as inventory management and LIMS integration rather than device control, resource allocation, and task synchronization.The OSCAR integration framework consists of multiple components that enable device and system configuration, process modeling, process execution, and process monitoring. Below are descriptions of key components of the framework. Integration PlatformThe Oscar Instrument Package (OIP) is the low level control component responsible for communicating with individual devices. It can support any number of devices on a system (including multiple independent instances of the same type of device) and communicates to the Runtime Manager (RTM) via serialized XMLstrings over DSTP. This allows the device controller and RTM components to exist on separate networked computers if necessary. Additionally, the OIP controller communicates with a device instance via LabVIEW remote VI calls which provide a lower level of distribution and allow the device drivers to exist on a separate networked computer from the controller. At Cytokinetics, we currently support approximately 100 device instances of 30 device types which are distributed across 10 integrated systems.System ManagementAn OSCAR system is a named collection of device instances which is logically represented in the database. The interface for each device (commands and parameters) is stored in the database along with the configuration settings for each device instance (i.e., COM port, capacity). The System Manager component provides the functionality to easily manipulate this information (given appropriate permissions). When a physical device is moved from one system to another, or a processing bottleneck alleviated by addition of another similar device, system configuration information is changed without affecting the processes that may be run on the system.Process ModelingA process model is the logical progression of a sequence of tasks. For example, a biochemical assay might include the following steps (1) remove plate from incubator, (2) move plate to pipettor, (3) add reagent, (4) move plate to fluorescent reader, (5) read plate, and (6) move plate to waste. The Process Modeler component allows the end user to choose functions associated with devices and organize them into a sequence of logical tasks. The resulting process model is then scheduled via a static schedule optimization algorithm or saved for dynamic execution (Fig. 3). Aprocess model is not associated with a physical system, but rather a required collection of devices. This has two importantbenefits: (1) the scientist is free to experiment with virtual system configurations to optimize the design of a future system or the reconfiguration of an existing system, and (2) any existing process model can be executed on any system equipped with the appropriate resources.The top panel (A) shows the Process Schedule Modeler, an application that graphically displays statically scheduled processes. Each horizontal band represents a task group which is the collection of required tasks used by a process; tasks are color coded by device. The bottom panel (B) shows the UI from the Automated Imaging System application. The tree structure depicts the job hierarchy for an imaging run. Jobs (here AIS_Retrieval and AIS_Imaging) are composed of task groups. As the systems runs, the tasks in the task group are executed and their status is updated in the database.Process ExecutionProcess execution occurs by invoking the OSCAR RTM. The RTM is capable of running multiple differing processes on a system at the same time allowing multiple job types to be run in parallel. The RTM has an application programming interface (API) which allows external applications to invoke its functionality and consists of two main components, the Task Generator Module (TGM) and the Execution Engine. External applications invoke an instance of a Process Model through the TGM at which point a set of tasks and task parameters are populated in the OSCAR database. The Execution Engine continually monitors the database for valid tasks and if a valid task is found it is sent to the appropriate device via the OIP. The OSCAR system supports running these jobs in either a static or dynamic mode. For processes which must meet strict time constraints (often due to assay requirements), or require the availability of a given resource, a static schedule is calculated and stored for reuse.The system is capable of optimizing the schedule based on actual task operation times (stored in the database).Other types of unconstrained processes benefit more from a dynamic mode of operation where events trigger the progress of task execution as resources become available in real-time. When operating dynamically, intelligent queuing of tasks among multiple jobs allows optimal use of resources minimizing execution time while allowing for robust error handling.Process MonitoringAll systems and jobs can be monitored remotely by a distributed application known as the Process Monitor. This application allows multiple users to monitor active jobs across all systems for status and faults and provides email notification for fault situations.ConclusionCytokinetics has built and maintains an automation software infrastructure using NI LabVIEW. The language has proven to be a powerful tool to create both rapid prototype applications as well as an entire framework for system integration and process execution. LabVIEW's roots in measurement instrumentation and seamless network communication protocols have allowed systems to be deployed containing multiple control computers linked only via the network. The language continues to evolve and improve as a general purpose programming language and develop a broad user base.。
chain(建构供应链模式)
The Case for Models(模式之用處)
Good models make for good decisions To see how important predictions are to helping you improve your supply chain, think back to the example in Chapter 3, in which a customer and a supplier wanted to create a shared win by reducing their total inspection costs. The tradeoff curve shown in Figure 3.11revealed that the best arrangement was for the supplier to spend a dollar more on inspection, allowing the customer to spend four dollars less. Where did this tradeoff curve come from? It could only be the result of a model that took into account the operations required for quality assurance, the cost of those operations, and their net effects on quality. In practice, a company wouldn't actually draw this tradeoff diagram once it had the model; it would simply use the model to find the lowest-cost solution. The only reason for drawing the diagram would be to help people understand why the new inspection program is a win for both companies. 良好模式產生良好決策 要知道預測對供應鏈改善有多重要，回想一下第3章的例子，一個顧客與 一個供應商想藉由減少總檢驗成本來創造雙贏(shared win)。圖3.11互抵效 應曲線顯示，最好的安排是供應商多花費1元的檢驗成本，顧客則可少花 費4元。此互抵線來自於何處？它只可能來自於一個模式的分析結果，該 模式考慮到品質保證所需的作業、這些作業的成本，以及它們在品質上的 淨效果。實際上，一家企業不會真正畫出此互抵線圖，一旦他建構了模 式；他只要使用此模式找出最低成本解答即可。繪製此圖形的唯一理由乃 在幫助大家瞭解，為何新的檢驗方案是個雙贏的結果。
SAP HANA Modeling
SAP HANA SPS4 SAP HANA ModelingAgendaSAP HANA Modeling OverviewSAP HANA Modeler Enhancements with SPS3 SAP HANA Information ComposerWhat´s new with SPS4?SAP HANA Modeling OverviewSAP HANA - a Platform for Delivering a New Class of Real-time Analytics and ApplicationsReal-time analytics SAP Business Suite Third-party systemsSAP HANAMicrosoft ExcelSAP Business Objects solutionsBW on HANAReal-time replication servicesData servicesReal-time appsIn-memory databasePlanning and calculation engine Business Functionlibraries Predictive AnalysisLibrarySAP Applications Information Composer Modeling Studio Application services BI ON DemandSAP HANA Modeling StudioThe SAP HANA Modeler within the SAP HANA studio is an Eclipse based modeling environment designed for technical and power users.ModelingNo materialized aggregatesSupport for technical and power usersImport and Export of Data ModelsAnalytic Privileges / SecurityDB AdministrationSAP HANA Modeling Studio FeaturesModelingInformation ViewsTo create multiple views of transactional data that can be used for analytical purposesChoice to publish and consume various types of modelsAttribute ViewAnalytic ViewCalculation ViewDatabase Views / Column StoresData PreviewPhysical TablesInformation Views Import/ExportModelsData Source schemas (metadata) –mass and selective loadLandscapeData PreviewData Provisioning (both initial load and replication)Trouble Shooting / Trace / LogWhy…Information Views ?ViewSeparate modeling of descriptive (dimension) data from modeling of measure (fact) dataModel descriptive data as ‘Attribute Views’2. Analytical ViewBuild a ‘Data Foundation’ based on transactional tableJoin attribute views to data foundation3. Calculation ViewIf more complex models are required create a Calculation View that is something that looks like a View and has SQL Script insideComposite view of other views (tables, re-use join, OLAP views)Consists of a Graphical & Script based editorSQLScript is a HANA-specific functional script languageAnalysis authorizations for row-level securityModeling Steps1. Import SourceSystem Metadata 2. Provision Data3.,4. CreateInformation Views 5. ConsumeReporting ToolsSAP HANA Modeler Enhancements with SPS3SPS3 Enhancements at a Glance•Auto-Documentation•Support for Variables in analytic views•Multi-User Support•Multi-Language Models•Common Navigator Enhancements•Generic Editor•Join Proposals Feature•Data Preview: Use BIMC tables to form queries for analytic and calc views •New Tool: Information ComposerAuto DocumentationGenerate the metadata documentation for Information Views and packages created on SAP HANA systems.Support for Variables in Analytic ViewsWithin the output pane, a new node for variables has been added. We can create, edit, and remove variables. We can apply these variables as filters to the private attributes and the shared attribute view attributes.Multi-User Support The same object willnot exist in the inactive workspace of several users. Only oneinactive version ofany object is allowed.In addition there is now functionality to discardan inactive version andto return it to the active status.Multi-Language ModelsTexts are stored in separate tables in the repository. The default language for reading texts is the logon language of the user.If the user wants he can change this behavior to read the model in theoriginal language (stored at the package level).This setting will be part of the user preferences. In case the logon language differs from the original language the model is opened in read only mode.Common NavigatorHierarchy performance and navigation enhancements since SPS3:Generic EditorAny repository object can be opened in generic editor if they don’t register for their respective editor.In that case, default text editor will be opened displaying theXML of the model.Join Proposals FeatureProvides recommendationsfor already existing tables in data foundations and builds auto joins between them leveraging the SAP DDIC tables for deriving relationships and relative tables.Note: This feature will be available in Attribute viewand analytic view. Prerequisite: Systemshould have DD08L tablein any one of theschemas.Data PreviewData Preview Enhancements (since SPS3): Use BIMC tables to formqueries for analytic and calc viewsUsers now only need SELECT privilege on the "_SYS_BIC" schema to preview the data for the models.SAP HANA Information Composer (since SPS3)SAP HANA Information Composer –Available since SPS3SAP HANA Information ComposerThis is a non-technical, URL based environment for business users to rapidly create new SAP HANA based analytical models blending the user’s private data with enterprise data.SAP HANA Information ComposerSAP HANA Information Composer is aweb-based modelling environment whichallows business users to upload local datato the SAP HANA database, combine withother enterprise data, and create views for analysis in a self-service manner•Data acquisition•Simple data modelingSAP HANA Information Composer VersusSAP HANA ModelerSAP HANA Information Composer and SAP HANA Modeler are targeted at different users.SAP HANA Modeler is intended for users with extensive technical knowledge and can therefore be regarded as the more powerful tool. The Modeler offers more extensive functions as shown below:•Creating information Views (attribute views, analytic views, calculation views), and analytic privileges•Processing models•Managing modeling content by performing multiple administration activities •Importing table definitions/schemas•Loading dataSAP HANA Information Composer is intended for business users with little or no technical (database or modeling) knowledge. It is an extremely user-friendly tool with animations and hints that facilitates its use by business users.BenefitsBusiness Benefits IT BenefitsSelf-ServiceEnd users can upload local data, combine with other enterprise data, as well as create and publish views ontheir ownEase of UseWeb-based modeling environment with user friendly hints walks non-technical users through uploading, cleansing, composing, combining, andpreviewing data and viewsRapid DeploymentAchieve better business results through quicker analytic development cycles on the SAP HANA platformTotal Cost of Ownership Reduced demand by business users on IT to create, upload, model, anddeploy data and viewsOversightCentralized location for all SAP HANA views, security remains in force, “bend not break IT policies”EffectivenessAllows business users to easily addand combine local data with other enterprise data with minimal training,guidance, or supportUse CasesUploadSpecify source of dataClassify and cleanse fieldsCreate table and publish dataComposeSelect sources of dataCombinePreviewManage fieldsPublish Information ViewData Upload FeaturesUpload local data to SAP HANADatabase•Multiple file formats accepted (xls, xlsx, csv)•Copy and paste from clipboard•Up to 5 million cells per upload•Data previews•Optional data cleansing•Automatic data typing•Publish data with proper security authorizations•Data refreshCompose FeaturesCompose•Choose and combine any two data sources (AnalyticalViews, Attribute Views, Calculation Views, or tablesthat exist in SAP HANA Database)•Internal algorithms automatically determines key fieldsand best join field combinations and join type (union orR/L join); ability for user to manually select their ownas well•Optional refinement of final data set and new fieldcreation (add calculated fields)•Publish as private or publicWhat´s New with SPS4?New Feature in SPS4: Uploading Data from Flat FilesUploading Data from Flat FilesWith SPS4, you can upload data from flat files, available at a client file system to SAP HANA database.If the required table for loading the data does not exist in SAP HANA database, you have to create a table structure that is based on the flat file.The application suggests the column names and data types for the new tables and allows you to edit them.The new table always has a 1:1 mapping between the file and table columns.When you load new data in the table, it gets appended to the existing data.The application does not allow you to overwrite any column or change the data type of an existing data.The supported file types are .csv, .xls, and .xlsx.Select Import Source•In the File menu, choose Import •In Select an import source section, expand the SAP HANA content node•Choose Import Flat File, and choose NextSelect Target SystemIn the Target System section, select the target system where you want to import the data using flat file, and choose NextSelect File for UploadIn the Flat File Upload screen,browse for the file containing the data you want to upload. the file that you want to use for loading dataIf you have selected .csv file, select a delimiter.Note: A delimiter is used todetermine columns and pick correct data against them. In a csv file, the accepted delimiters are: , ; :If you have selected .xls or .xlsx file, select a worksheetSelect Target Table•If you want to load the data into a new table, select New option•If you want to append the data into an existing table, select Existing option•Choose NextManage Table Definition and Data Mapping In the Manage Table Definition and Data Mapping screen, map the source and target columns.Note:• Only 1:1 column mapping is supported. Additionally, you can edit the table definition by changing the data types, renaming columns, adding or deleting the columns and so on.• You can choose to map the source and target columns using the Auto Map option. If you choose the one to one option then first column of the source is mapped with thefirst column at the target. If you choose the option Map by name, the source and target columns with same name are mapped.Manage Table Definition and Data MappingAfter ColumnMapping is done,choose “Finish”Check Target TableThe Target Table can be found in the path where it was specified in Step 4Check Target Table You can open the Target Table and check its ContentEnhancements with SPS4?SPS4 Enhancements at a Glance(1/2)•Attribute View Enhancements •Usability Enhancements•Calculation View Enhancements •Analytic Privilege Enhancements •Privileges Enhancement•Extra properties for translation•Import and Export Server EnhancementsSPS4 Enhancements at a Glance(2/2)•Multilanguage handling•Developer Enhancements•Job Log Enhancements•Auto Documentation Enhancements •SQL Editor Enhancements •Variables EnhancementsAttribute View Enhancements Time TablesAdditional granularity•Weekly basis (M_TIME_DIMENSION_WEEK).•Monthly basis (M_TIME_DIMENSION_MONTH).Attribute View EnhancementsTime TablesAdditional granularity•“Day of Week” has also been added tothe time dimension.Attribute View EnhancementsTable AliasesAdd the same table to anAttribute View multiple timeswith the assignment of analias. Upon selecting a tabletwice the system will promptfor an alias.Attribute View EnhancementsHide attributesFunctionality to hide attributes has been extended to attribute views from within the context of an analytic view.Usability EnhancementsAuto LayoutAuto-layout to simplify reading/navigationBefore Auto Layout After Auto LayoutCalculation View EnhancementsUnion node –UnmappedColumnsDefine (unmapped) columns withina Calculation View•Define data type for column•Fill with a constant value instead ofmapping to a source columnOptimize node display in Script Based Calculation viewThis usability enhancement moves the nodes to the extreme left and minimizes the space used to show two nodes. This provides more working space.Revision 24Calculation View EnhancementsRe-ordering of attributes and measureRearrange the attributes and measures (IN ALL Editors) via Drag and Drop or via tool bar buttons.Revision 24。
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The itSIMPLE tool for Modeling Planning Domains Tiago Stegun Vaquero1 Flavio Tonidandel2 José Reinaldo Silva1 1Escola Politécnica – Universidade de São Paulo
Design Lab. – PMR – Mechatronic and Mechanical Systems Department - São Paulo, Brazil
2Centro Universitário da FEI
IAAA – Artificial Intelligence Applied in Automation Lab - São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil Email: tiago.vaquero@poli.usp.br; flaviot@fei.edu.br; reinaldo@usp.br
Abstract A graphical interface is presented for the modeling of planning environments where an integrated tool permits the user to export the planning model to different representation languages such as PDDL or XML. The application uses an UML model to introduce a planning domain as a first step, followed by a step where a representation in Petri Nets – automatically translated from UML - is used to validate its static and dynamic behavior. A preliminary version of a software tool called itSIMPLE is presented which can manage the initial modeling on UML extended model and export the model to PDDL or Petri Nets using XML as internal language.
Introduction The knowledge engineering has received much attention in the planning community nowadays. One reason for that is the increased demand to create and validate more complex and real planning domains. That is a suitable situation to introduce a tool that helps the knowledge acquisition, permits the validation of static and dynamic behaviors, and improves the portability between planning systems and real world domains. Some effort towards this kind of tools has appeared in the last years. One example is the GIPO (Simpson et al, 2001) software interface that works with an object-oriented approach and performs the analysis and validation of domains. In this work we focus in the use of an integrated and portable tool that uses UML (Unified Modeling Language (D’Souza and Wills 1999)) as a modeling language for planning domain; the XML (Extended Markup Language) (Bray et al, 2004) acts as an internal language for compatibility with other representations, including PDDL (Fox and Long, 2003), and the Petri Nets (Murata 1989). We aim to improve this integrated tool, called itSIMPLE (Integrated Tools Software Interface for Modeling Planning Environment), into a new environment that permits the static and dynamic validation of real domains
Copyright © 2005, American Association for Artificial Intelligence (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved.
for planning. The main feature of itSIMPLE is to manage well-known modeling concepts and good practices that increase the portability of real world domains and facilitate its conversion to a planning domain. Section 2 presents some details and support for the use of each particular tool in itSIMPLE software, as well as a brief explanation of how to use them. Section 3 shows a simple example and some screenshots of its interface. Finally, section 4 analyzes the results and goes to conclusion.
The itSIMPLE software Focusing on the portability among modeling languages used in industries and in planning environments, we propose an integrated tool called itSIMPLE that has the general structure depicted in Figure 1.
Figure 1 – The structure of the integrated tools used by itSIMPLE
There are other tools to interface different representations for planning problems or in general. itSIMPLE intends to be a tool that inserts plan domains in the context of general problem solving, where the first steps are considered of great importance to the success of the project. Therefore the idea incorporated in the software tool is to have a disciplined process of elicitation, organization and analysis of requirements, before the choice of a planner. The change between representations are faced even for convenience (as it happens in the use of PDDL) or to perform a formal analysis, in Petri Nets for instance.
The proper way to activate a sequence of representations such as (UML, XML and PetriNets) is described below.
UML Model Petri Nets PDDL
XML File Why UML? We believe that most knowledge engineers in several application areas are somehow familiar with UML language. Besides, there are many planning applications described in UML models, like (Scheetz et al. 1999). This fact, besides the suitability of UML to make a first model (tracking requirement specifications) (Silva and Santos, 2004) turn it in a good choice. In fact, if the planning community intends to build a bridge over the gap between real applications and planning simulation domains, it is important to have some flexibility in modeling languages used by both sides to model their applications. That is why we propose the UML language. UML is an object-oriented language based on diagrams, such as class diagram, state chart diagram and object diagram. The objects and classes are linked by associations, aggregations and compositions. With all these features the planning domains can be represented and modeled. The itSIMPLE permits to model planning environments in UML by defining a general structure composed by Agents, a domain Environment and a Planner. Agents change the arrangement of objects which compose the environment in other to go from an initial state to a goal state. The Planner just plans a sequence of actions to make the changes. These three elements are in Figure 2.