2017年上海闵行区高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷

2017年上海闵行区高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷一、Grammar and Vocabulary1、【来源】 2017年上海闵行区高三一模第21~30题Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. Recycling in the home is very important of course.However,1（force）to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better2we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place.The total amount of packaging increased312% between 1999 and 2005.A large number of companies believe that they can attract customers' attention and stimulate their purchasing desire by over-packaging their goods, thus4（gain）more profits.Too much packaging is doing damage to the environment. If suchpackaging5（burn）, it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect. Recycling helps,6the process itself uses energy. The solution is not to produce such items in the first place. Food waste is a serious problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea7this can not continue, encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example.But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to associate packaging with quality. We have learned to think that8without packaging is of poor quality. This is especially true of food. But it also applies to a wide range of consumerproducts,9often have far more packaging than necessary.There are signs of hope. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realize just how much unnecessary materials are collecting. However, despite the ongoingcampaigns10（promote）consumers' green awareness, we still have a long way to go.2、【来源】 2017年上海闵行区高三一模第31~38题There is distinction between reading for information and reading for understanding. Thus wecan1the word "reading" in two distinct senses.The first sense is the one in which we read newspapers, magazines, or anything else. We canget2to the content of those materials easily. Such materials may increase our store of information, but they cannot improve our understanding. And clearly we don't have any difficulty in gaining the new information, for our understanding was3to them before we started. Otherwise, we would have felt the shock of puzzlement.The second sense is the one in which we read something that at first we do not completely understand. Here the thing to be read is at the first sight better or higher than the reader. The writer is communicating something that can4the reader's understanding. Such communication between unequals must be possible. Otherwise one person could never learn from another. Here "learning" means understanding more, not remembering more information.What are the5in this kind of reading? First, there is inequality in understanding. The writer must be "6" to the reader in understanding. Besides, his book must7something he possesses and his potential readers lack. Second, the reader must be able to overcome this inequality in some degree. And he should always try to8the same level of understanding with the writer. If the equalityis9, success of communication is achieved.Besides gaining information and understanding, there's another goal of reading - entertainment. It is the least10and requires the least amount of effort. Everyone who knows how to read can read for entertainment if he wants to. In fact, any book that can be read for understanding or information can probably be read for entertainment as well.A. equalB. demandingC. benefitsD. employE. reachF. increaseG. accessH. conveyI. conditionsJ. superiorK. approached二、Reading Comprehension3、【来源】 2017年上海闵行区高三一模第41~55题Celebrities, in other word, famous people, have become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attached to a specific1. Besides, fashion magazines have almost2the practice of putting models on the cover because they don't sell nearly as well as famous faces.3, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others' products to developing their own.Celebrity clothing lines aren't a completely new phenomenon, but in the past they were typically aimed at the4consumers, while today they're started by first-class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top5. The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale6, covering almost all the products of daily life.However, for every success story, there's a related warning tale of a celebritywho7his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the product's origin is, if it8to impress consumers with its own qualities it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the initial attention dies down, consumer interest might fade,9returning to labels which have proved to be reliable.Today, celebrities face even more severe10. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover（逆转）has11as well. Each misstep threatens to reduce a celebrity's shelf life and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him12has no problem severely criticizing him and taking everything from him when the opportunity appears. Still, the ego's（自我的）potentialfor13is limitless. Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see14as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time and as a matter of fact, fashion—like celebrity—has alwaysbeen15. So the next time celebrities introduce their lines of fashion, let's just wait and see how long they will stay.A. filmB. characterC. productD. magazineA. abandonedB. promotedC. enhancedD. developedA. All in allB. As a resultC. Above allD. On the contraryA. wealthyB. famousC. specialD. ordinaryA. technologiesB. brandsC. studiosD. producersA. rapidlyB. moderatelyC. reluctantlyD. carefullyA. ignoredB. disapprovedC. overvaluedD. estimatedA. intendsB. failsC. managesD. strengthensA. loyaltyB. promotionC. regretD. disappointmentA. depressionB. failureC. punishmentD. embarrassmentA. slowed downB. called offC. speeded upD. faded awayA. fameB. fortuneC. troubleD. riskA. informationB. knowledgeC. reputationD. expansionA. audienceB. fashionC. charmD. performanceA. admirableB. productiveC. temporaryD. respectable4、【来源】 2017年上海闵行区高三一模（A篇）第56~59题They swim lovely along the shore, looking for underwater greens to feed on. But these days, along Florida's western coast, something is mixing with the sea grass that manatees（海牛）like to eat. And it's making them sick—even killing TAL#NBSP them.It's a poisonous form of algae, usually called "red tide" because of its color. Algae are plant-like organisms that live mainly in water. Most are harmless, but not red tide. When it gets mixed in with the grass and the manatees eat it, they get so sick that they can't even swim."They're basically paralyzed（瘫痪的）, and they become unconscious, " said Virginia Edmonds, an animal care manager. Manatees are mammals and they need to surface often to breathe in air. If a manatee is paralyzed, it can't swim and will drown.As of Monday, the current red tide outbreak has killed at least 174 manatees since the beginning of this year. That has already beaten Florida's record-high number for manatee deaths in a single year - and we still have nearly nine months to go!The experts aren't sure when the red tide outbreak will end. So many more manatees are in danger. The situation has gotten so desperate that Florida zoos have rescued at least a dozen manatees. You can find manatees anywhere from Brazil up to Florida - and throughout much of the Caribbean Sea.In fact, the manatee is officially considered an endangered species. Thanks to the US government's protection, Florida's manatee population has grown to approximately 5, 000 in recent years. But the red tide is threatening their survival. Some experts suspect that pollution from farms even might be fueling the red tide outbreak, because fertilizer that's used on farms often winds up in water. And when that fertilized water runs off into the Gulf of Mexico, it makes things grow faster—just like on land.(1) The word "them" （in the 1st paragraph） probably refers to "" .A. underwater greensB. algaeC. manateesD. endangered animals(2) We can learn from the passage that the red tide.A. causes 174 manatees' deaths every monthB. disables manatees' ability to surface to breatheC. has destroyed most of the underwater greensD. helps to fertilize farm lands(3) Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. The experts' efforts to keep the red tide from spreading.B. The potential cause of the expansion of the red tide.C. The present situation of manatees in Florida.D. The deadly effect of the poisonous red tide on manatees.(4) What does the passage mainly talk about?A. The red tide has been changing the manatees' habitant.B. The manatee is officially an endangered species.C. More efforts should be made to save the manatees.D. The red tide has been threatening the manatees.5、【来源】 2017年上海闵行区高三一模第60~62题For centuries, mankind and dogs have suffered from a communication failure. We can tell dogs what we want them to do and sometimes they comply, but we've always struggled when it comes to understanding the true meaning of their barks and whimpers. There is exciting news now—a dog translator called body harness（see the picture）has been invented to help you communicate with your furry friend. HOW IT WORKSThe platform itself is a harness that fits comfortably onto the dog, and which is equipped with a variety of technologies.Wireless sensors can determine when they're sitting, standing, running, etc, even when they're out of sight.The team developed software to collect, interpret and communicate those data, and to translate human requests into signals on the harness through speakers and vibrating motors.WHAT'S FORThe harness could be used to train pets, guide dogs and other working animals.Sensors on the harness monitor the dog's heart rate and body temperature.The sensor-packed harness can sense the animal's movement, and the sounds it makes, letting the owner knows how they feel.Speakers and vibrating pads in the harness also allow owners to "talk back" to their animals.The harness is also intended for dogs involved in search and rescue and other front-line work.(1) The word "comply" in the first paragraph probably means "" .A. shoutB. obeyC. disappearD. attack(2) Which of the following is NOT the intension of the harness?A. To create a better communication between dogs and human.B. To enable the dogs to do demanding jobs.C. To transfer human thoughts to the dogs by means of technology.D. To monitor dog’s communicative behaviors.(3) Which of the following can best express the main idea of the passage?A. New platform: for better performances of dogs.B. Harness: a two-way communication device.C. Dog care: a completely new way possible.D. Technology: toward healthier life of dogs.6、【来源】 2017年上海闵行区高三一模（C篇）第63~66题2020~2021学年上海普陀区上海市曹杨第二中学高二上学期期中（C篇）第63~66题Books, Films and PlaysThe novelist's medium is the written word. One might almost say the printed word. Typically the novel is consumed by a silent, individual reader, who may be anywhere at the time. The paperback novel is still the cheapest, most portable and adaptable form of narrative entertainment. It is limited to a single channel of information-writing. The narrative can go, effortlessly, anywhere: into space, people's head, palaces, prisons and pyramids, without any consideration of cost or practical possibility. In determining the shape and content of his narrative, the writer is restricted by nothing except purely artistic criteria（评判标准）. The novelist keeps absolute control over his text until it is published and received by the audience. He may be advised by his editor to revise his text, but if the writer refused to meet this condition no one would be surprised. It is not unknown for a well-established novelist to deliver his or her manuscript（手稿）and expect the publisher to print it exactly as written.However, not even the most well-established playwright or screenplay writer would submit（提交）a script and expect it to be performed without any rewriting. This is because plays and motion pictures are cooperative forms of narrative, using more than one channel of communication.The production of a stage play involves, as well as the words of the author, the physical presence of the actors, their voices and gestures, the "set" and possibly music. Although the script is the essential basis of both stage play and film, it is a basis for subsequent revision negotiated between the writer and the other creative people involved. They are given "approval" of the choice of director and actors and have the right to attend rehearsals（排演）, during which period they may undertake more rewriting work. In the case of the screenplay, the writer may have little or no control over the final form of his work. Contracts for the production of plays protect the rights of authors in this respect.In film or television work, on the other hand, the screenplay writer has no contractual right to this degree of consultation. While the script is going through its various drafts, the writer is in the driver's seat, although sometimes receiving criticism from the producer and the director. But once the production is under way, artistic control over the project tends to pass to the director. This is a fact overlooked by mostjournalistic critics of television drama, who tend to give all the credit or blame for success or failure of a production to the writer and actors, ignoring the contribution, for good or ill, of the director.(1) From the first and second paragraph, we know that.A. there should be artistic criteria for the novelists to followB. playwright or screenplay writers often have to rewrite their workC. compared with playwrights, novelists are relatively independentD. audience sometimes are the key factors to determine artistic criteria(2) Why can the novelist expect the publisher to print the manuscript exactly as written?A. Because the novelist keeps absolute control over his text.B. Because the words in the novel are not difficult for readers.C. Because the novel is limited to a single channel of information-writing.D. Because the novelist is seldom advised by editors to revise the text.(3) Which of the following statements is True according to the passage?A. Playwrights envy the simplicity of the novelist's work.B. Experience in the theatre improves the work of screenplay writers.C. Screenplay writers usually have the final say in how a TV drama will turn out.D. Playwrights are frequently involved in revising their work.(4) What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Screenplay writers should take the success of television drama in their hands.B. Screenplay writers should be more sensitive about their contractual right.C. The directors play a decisive role in the final outcome of television drama.D. Critics of television drama tend to neglect the importance of writer and actors.7、【来源】 2017年上海闵行区高三一模第67~70题In so many ways, cyberspace（网络空间）mirrors the real world. People ask for information, play games, and share hobby tips. Others buy and sell products. Still others look for friendship, or even love.Unlike the real world, however, your knowledge about a person is limited to words on a computer screen. Identity and appearance mean very little in cyberspace.1So even the shyest person can become a chat-room star.Usually, this "faceless" communication doesn't create problems. Identity doesn't really matter when you're in a chat room discussing politics or hobbies. In fact, this emphasis on the idea themselves makes the Internet a great place for exciting conversation. Where else can so many people come together to chat about their interests?2They are looking for serious love relationships. Is cyberspace a good place to find love? That answer depends on whom you ask. Some of these relationships actually succeed. Others fail miserably.Supporters of online relationships claim that the Internet allows couples to get to know each other intellectually first. Personal appearance doesn't get in the way.But critics of online relationships argue that no one can truly know another person in cyberspace. Why? Because the Internet gives users a lot of control over how others view them. Internet users can carefully craft their words to fit whatever image they want to give. And they don't have to worry about what their "faceless" communication is doing for their image.3All of this may be fine if the relationship stays in cyberspace. But not knowing a person is a big problem in a love relationship.4This inevitably leads to disappointment when couples meet in person. How someone imagines an online friend is often quite different from the real person.So, before looking for love in cyberspace, remember the advice of Internet pioneer Clifford Stoll: "Life in the real world is far richer than anything you'll find on a computer screen."A. In a sense, they're not really themselves.B. Rather, a person's thoughts—or at least the thoughts they type—are what really count.C. With so many unknowns, it's easy to let one's imagination "fill in the blanks".D. The internet encourages people to express their ideas in a more free way.E. However, online relationship will be damaged by this kind of image.F. But Some Internet users want more than just someone to chat with.三、Summary Writing8、【来源】 2017年上海闵行区高三一模第71题Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness, namely, temporary loneliness, situational loneliness, and chronic（长期的） loneliness.The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation - for example a family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year. The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems in socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person's social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their own popularity.四、Translation9、【来源】 2017年上海闵行区高三一模第72~76题Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.(1) 你认为谁该为这起严重的事故负责？（responsible）(2) 他伤得很严重，应该马上送医院。