各种状语从句的用法

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各种状语从句的用法

1 时间状语从句:

(1)When引导的时间状语从句,表示主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词是同时发生的,或从句的动作发生在主句的动作稍前一点,when从句表示“一段”时间或“一点”时间。When my cousin came yesterday , I was playing volleyhall.

昨天我表哥来时,我正在打排球。(came是一般过去时,表示时间点,was playing 表示一段时间,两个动作是同时发生的。)

我今天早上起床时,感到不舒服。(两个动作同时发生,都是一般过去时。)

when the air moves , it is called wind.

空气流动时,就产生风。(moves和is called 是同时发生。)

when he opened the door , he saw a girl sitting at the desk reading .

当他打开门时,他看见一个女孩正坐在书桌前看书。(opened发生在saw稍前一点,都用一般过去时。)

when I arrive home , I shall telephone you.

我到家时,将打电话告诉你。

(2) before引导的时间状语从句所表示的动作,发生在主句动作之后。如果强调主句动作的先完成,其谓语应用过去完成时,before引导的从句用一般过去时。如果不强调动作的先后,那么主句和从句的谓语用一般过去时。

he worked in Beijing before he came here.

他来这里之前在北京工作。(worked发生came在之前,但不强调先后,故用一般过去时。)He had already worked for five hours continuously before he took a rest.

在他休息之前,他已连续不断的工作了五个小时。

(强调主句had worked 的在前,故用过去完成时。)

I saw him before he left.

他离开前我见过他。(saw比left稍前一些,但不强调两者的前后,所以都用一般过去时。)She was at school before she became a barber.

当理发师之前她在念书。(was发生在前,became发生在后,但不强调先后,故用一般过去时。)

(3) after:用after引导的时间状语从句,所表示的动作发生在主句动作之前。如果强调动作的先后,after从句用过去完成时,主句用一般过去时,如果不强调先后而表示连续的动作,主句和从句用一般过去时。

after she finished her homework , she went to bed.

她完成了作业就去睡觉了。(表示一个动作接着一个动作,用一般过去时。)

This morning he got up early . he put on his clothes , washed his face , brushed his teeth and then had his breakfast.

After he had had breakfast he went to school.

(got, put on , washed , brushed ,had 都用一般过去时,因为是连续的动作。Had had 用过去完成时,因强调“吃饱”发生在went 之前。)

I shall write to you after I arrive in shanghai .

到上海后我将给你写信。(arrive这个动作先与shall write ,arrive 是以现在时代替将来时,不可改为shall arrive )

(4) while:用while引导的时间状语从句,强调主句的动作和从句的动作在某一时间内同时发生,意为“在。。。期间,在。。。过程中“。while引导的时间状语从句只能表示一段时间,

所以必须是可延续的动作。不能表示时间的点,所以不可也非延续性动词连用。

while they were having supper , I came to their home.

正当他们在吃饭时,我来到他们家。(were having是过去进行的动作,came是过去的一点动作。)

Father took care of the child while his wife was away.

妻子不在家时,父亲照顾小孩。(took care和was 都是一半过去时,表示同时发生。)

I was doing my homework while my mother was cooking.

我母亲在做饭时,我在做家庭作业。(was doing 和was cooking两个动作同时发生。)(5)until(till):till和until都表示“直到“,两个词常互换使用,用法有以下两种:

(1)如果主句谓语动词为非延续性,如come ,go ,enter ,return ,start ,reach ,finish ,stop 等,主句用否定式,从句用肯定式,如结构,意为“直到。。。。才“或”在。。。之前不“。she won’t go to bed , until / till her mother returns.

直到她母亲回来她才睡。(或“她母亲回来之前她不睡“。)

They didn’t leave the classroom until/till they finished their homework.

他们完成了家庭作业才离开教室。(或“在完成作业之前,他们没有离开教室“。)

We won’t start until peter comes.

要等到彼得来了,我们才开始。

(2)如果主句谓语为延续性动词,如stay ,wait ,read 等,主句和从句用肯定式,意为“直到。。。“。

I waited until/till she came back.

我一直等到她回来。

The children were playing in the playing until/till it was very dark.

孩子们在操场上一直玩到了天很黑。

He ran until he was breathless.

他一直跑道气喘嘘嘘。

(6) as:用as引导的时间状语从句表示“当。。。时“,”一边。。。。一边。。。。“,主句的动作和从句的动作通红司发生,as引导的时间状语从句既可表示一段时间(用延续性动词),也可以表示某一个时间点(用非延续性动词)

as we were walking in the street , it began to rain.

正当我们在街上走,天开始下起了雨。

I gave he the letter as she came out of the classroom.

当她走出教室时,我把信给了她。

She sang as she wet along.

她一边走一边唱歌。

When he was a child.

While he was a child. He lived in Beijing .

As he was a child.

当他是个小孩时,他住在北京。(可见as有时可与when和while换用)

(7)since:引导的时间状语从句意为“自。。。以来“。从句的动词表示动作的起点,用一般过去时。主句中的动词表示动作的延续情况,一般要用现在完成时,但要注意两点:

(1)如果主句中的动词是表示状态,而不是动作,可用一般现在时。

(2)在某种特定的上下文中,主句要用过去完成时,而不用现在完成时。

five years have passed since he began his work here.

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