初中代词用法归纳:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、疑问代词.doc
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代词是代替名词的词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、疑问代词、不定代词。
一.人称代词:
代替具体人名的词叫人称代词。它有一、二、三人称与单数、复数及性别之分,还有主格与宾格之分。
人称代词有人称、数和格的变化:
(1)Who’s Kate? 凯特是谁?
She’s my friend. 她是我的朋友。
注:she代替上文中的Kate,而不能再用Kate来重复回答:Kate is my friend. (2)Li Lei is a boy. He’s twelve. 雷是个男孩,他十二岁。
注:he代替前句中的雷。
(3)Look at that bird. It is Polly. 看那只鸟,它是波利。
注:it代替前句中的that bird。
(4)Who’s it?(门外有敲门声)谁呀?It’s me. 是我。
人称代词的用法
★1)人称代词的主格在句子中作主语。
例如:He is student. 他是一个学生。
★2)人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语,但在口语中也能作主语补语.) 例如: I saw her with them at least, I thought it was her.
我看到她和他们在一起,至少我认为是她。(her做宾语,them做介词宾语,her做主语补语)
-- Who broke the vase? --谁打碎了花瓶?-- Me. --我。(me做主语补语= It's me.)
难点:主格和宾格的区别用法
主格做句子主语,而宾格作为动词或者介词的宾语。(动宾结构或者介宾结构)
例如:Give it to me. (宾格)
I love you. (主格)
3). 并列人称代词的排列顺序
①单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为:
第二人称-> 第三人称-> 第一人称,即you-> he/she; it -> I。
例如:You, he and I should return on time.
②复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:
第一人称-> 第二人称-> 第三人称,即we ->you->they。
巩固练习:用适当的人称代词填空。(前后两句人称与数保持一致)
(1)My name is Amy. ________ am Amy.
(2)Our names are Amy and Gina. ________ are Amy and Gina.
(3)His name is Tim. _______ is Tim.
(4)Her name is Alice. ______ is Alice.
(5)Their names are Tim and Alice. ________ are Tim and Alice.
(6)Your name is Li Peng. _______ are Li Peng.
(7)Your names are Li Peng and Li Lei. _______ are Li Peng and Li Lei. (8)Its name is Mimi . _________ is Mimi.
★代词it的用法
①指代前面提到过的事物。如: The book on the desk is not mine. It is Jim's.
②指代指示代词this或that. 如: ---What's that? ---It is a pen.
③指代婴儿或不明身份的人. 如:Someone is knocking at the door. Please go and see who it is .
④指代时间或季节如:---What is the time now? ---It's ten
o'clock.
⑤指代天气如:---What's the weather like today? ---It's sunny.
⑥指代距离如:How far is it from your school to your home?
⑦用作形式主语,常用语下列句型中
例句: It is easy for me to finish the homework.
It is important for us to work hard.
例句:It’s time for eating lunch.
It's time to get up /for lunch/that we went home.
二、物主代词
表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词,可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
形容词性物主代词一般放在所修饰名词的前面,同时它们也有人称和数的变化。形容词性物主代词的前后是不出现冠词的,这是在书写句子时最容易犯的错误。如:my father, his desk, our room, their names, your aunt等。
用法
形容词性物主代词起形容词作用,在句中只能作定语,也就是说它后面必须跟一个名词。如:This is my bike. 这是我的自行车。
Miss Gao is our English teacher. 高小姐是我们的英语老师。
I don’t know her name. 我不知道她的名字。
即:形容词性物主代词+名词
【例】She is a student and name is Kate.
A. she
B. her
C. hers
D. his
名词性物主代词相当于形容词性物主代词+名词,故其后不必加名词.
如: -Is this your book?
-No, it isn't, it's hers(her book).
This book is mine.= This is my book.
Jim's , Tom's, Maria's则是名词所有格。
巩固练习:
一、用代词的适当形式填空
1.There is a letter for________ (her 、hers) mother.
2.That is _____ (she) coat. The coat is red. ______ (its) is a new one. 3.Whose pens are these? _______(their) are ______ (we).
4.Give _______ (he) a toy, please.