Unit1 Science Fiction英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第四册大单元“四步复习法”

Unit1 Science Fiction—2022-2023学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册大单元“四步复习法”第一步：单元学习目标整合第二步：单元思维导图回顾知识第三步：单元重难知识易混易错被动语态一、被动语态的构成英语有种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者。

被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者，其构成为：助动词be+动词过去分词。

在被动语态中，动作的执行者一般由by引出，但在多数情况下被省略。

通常只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态。

1. 被动语态的时态形式表（以动词do为例）：（1）含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态动词＋be+及物动词的过去分词。

例：All the letters should be answered immediately.所有信件均应立刻回复。

（2）不定式的被动语态①一般式（to be done）:表示不定式所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生或与其（几乎）同时发生②完成式（to have been done）:表示不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前例：The book is said to be published soon.据说这本书很快就会出版。

The book is said to have been translated into many languages.据说这本书已被译成很多种语言。

二、主动形式表示被动意义的情况1. 连系动词（如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，remain等）后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。

例：Your advice sounds practical.你的建议听起来是可行的。

Whether we can have a holiday remains unknown.我们还不知道能否休假。

The material feels very soft.这种材料摸起来很软。

The food tastes delicious.这种食物尝起来味道很好。

2. 当open，close，shut，lock，move，read，wash，clean，cook，sell，cut，wear，carry 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。

例：The door doesn't shut.这门关不上。

The book sells well.这书卖得不错。

3. want，need，require等少数表示需要的动词后跟v-ing时，常用主动形式表示被动意义。

其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。

例：The house needs cleaning.=The house needs to be cleaned.这所房子需要打扫。

This wall requires repairing.= This wall requires to be repaired.这面墙需要修理。

三、使用被动语态时要注意的问题1. 常见的不能用于被动语态的（短语）动词有appear，belong，disappear，happen，break out，come true，take place，run out，date back等。

例：We cannot say for sure what will happen.我们无法确切地说会发生什么事。

2. 在主动语态里，跟在动词see，make，hear，watch，notice 等后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to,但变为被动语态时，to必须补上。

例：他们让他独自去那里。

They made him go there alone. （主动语态）He was made to go there alone by them. （被动语态）3. 接双宾语的动词变被动语态。

有些动词在主动语态中常接双宾语，即间接宾语（一般指人）和直接宾语（一般指物）。

在变为被动语态时，如果间接宾语被提前作主语，那么直接宾语保持不变；如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语前一般要加上相应的介词to或for.例：We gave him the letter.=He was given the letter by us.=The letter was given to him by us.我们把那封信给他了。

She bought her mother a new coat.=Her mother was bought a new coat by her.= A new coat was bought for her mother by her.她给她妈妈买了一件新大衣。

4. 将含有动词＋介词/副词类短语动词（如look after，put on）的主动句变为被动句时，原短语动词中的介词或副词应保留。

例：她经常照看老人。

She often looks after the old. （主动语态）The old are often looked after by her.（被动语态）练习：1. Five more survivors of the mudslide _________ (identify) with the help of dogs over the past days.2. My washing machine _________ (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.3. Luckily, I _________ (select) to take part in an activity on behalf of my classmates.4. Trees _________ (plant) by students from our school at this time last week.5. He told me that in the future, most films _________ (watch) on the Internet, not in cinemas.6. It is reported that many new houses _________ (build) in this area.7. The villagers expect that the building of the bridge _________ (complete) before the rainy season comes.8. The message _________ (process) now, which may take 10 to 20 minutes.9. He has sympathy for the dog which _________ (abandon) by its owner.10. Luckily, I _________ (select) to take part in an activity on behalf of my classmates.答案：1. have been identified2. is being repaired3. was selected4. were being planted5. would be watched6. have been built7. will be completed8. is being processed9. was abandoned10. was selected第四步：单元核心素养对接高考1. Jingxi Taiping Drum is a traditional form of dancing. With its display of profound cultural elements, it ①_____(include) in the first batch(批次) of China's national intangible cultural heritage(非物质文化遗产) items in 2006.The ②_____(early) historical references of this art date back to the Spring and Autumn Period. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, it started to gain ③_____(popular) in and around the capital, and then it was introduced to Mentougou District of Beijing.In ancient times, the drums were played ④_____ New Year's Eve at the imperial palace to bring peace. As a result, the performance also became known as the "New Year Drum" by Beijingers. This type of drum dance is commonly seen ⑤_____(perform) during the last and first month of the lunar year in many local festive activities, thus expressing ⑥_____(people) hope of a peaceful and prosperous year to come.During a given performance, drummers perform various dance moves while ⑦_____(hold) the drum in their left hands and a mallet in their right hands. Traditional Chinese aesthetic(美学的) concepts are reflected in the drum playing, all of ⑧_____ represent distinctive local features.In the past decades, efforts ⑨_____(make) by Mentougou District to preserve this signature folk dance culture. Today, the time-honored folk art of the Jingxi Taiping Drum is being taken up by the young people ⑩_____ is presenting its lively artistic charm(魅力) on a global stage.2. Hot pot, as a traditional Chinese folk dish, ①_____(become) a favorite dish throughout China since at least the Han Dynasty, ②_____ is particularly true during winter months. There are different ③_____(style) of hot pot with differently flavored thick soup in China, from spicy hot pot in Sichuan, seafood-based hot pot in Guangdong to mutton hot pot in Hong Kong. No matter what your ④_____(prefer) is, Chinese hot pot has something to interest you.The spicy hot pot featured in Sichuan is probably the most famous among the native Chinese. When ⑤_____(visit) Chongqing, you will have ⑥_____ opportunity to taste authentic(真正的) Chinese hot pot. Chongqing hot pot is known as má là ("numb and spicy") due ⑦_____ the inclusion of Sichuan peppers and is unique in the types of meat and the types of sauce ⑧_____(use) for its base.Though the flavor of Chinese hot pot varies from region to region, the dining customs are similar. Hot pot is ⑨_____(typical) served in a metal bowl at the center of the dining table. As the soup in the pot is cooked at almost boiling point, the ingredients (原料) ⑩_____(add) into the boiling thick soup. The ingredients can vary from thinly-sliced meat, vegetables, mushrooms, potatoes, and cabbage, to seafood, fish balls and tofu.3. Most people would probably just see wheat straw as a pile of waste in a farmer's field. However, Wu Cui, an intangible cultural inheritor, can turn the straw left over ①_____ beautiful and eye-catching functional artworks. The most from harvested wheat common materials, once ②_____(process) by the hands of craftsmen, can be magically transformed.The technique of straw plaiting(编织), ③_____ method of manufacturing daily items or artworks by braiding straw, ④_____(list) as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2008. It enjoys a profound history in China and has played a significant role in the daily lives ofcommon people.⑤_____(intense) interested in the technique, Wu made the straw-plaiting her job and started from scratch after graduating from university two years ago. Now, she is working at a company in Beijing that focuses on the ⑥_____(promote) of traditional crafts.According to Wu, instead of the actual weaving, the selection of materials is the first step ⑦_____ can take a long time to complete. Next come sketching the piece on paper, conceiving its three-dimensional structure, weaving, shaping ⑧_____ finally the preserving of the work. The ⑨_____(hard) part is to make the works lifelike and solid.When asked about her plans, Wu says she desires ⑩_____(dig) deeper into local traditional culture and create cultural creative products by fully leveraging the straw plaiting technique.答案：1.答案：①was included②earliest③popularity④on⑤performed⑥people's⑦holding⑧which⑨have been made⑩and解析：①考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。