政治类英语词汇
经济政治法律类英语词汇总结
经济政治法律类英语词汇总结accusation控告acquit宣判无罪amend修正amnesty特赦appeal上诉apprehend拘押，逮捕arbitration仲裁，调停armed conflicts武装冲突attorney律师authorize授权autonomous自治的bilateral talks双边会淡civil law民法code法规，法典confinement关押，禁闭congressman国会议员conspiracy阴谋constitution宪法consul领事convict宣判有罪court法院court of appeal中级法院custody拘留criminal law刑法decree法令defendant被告defender辩护人defuse缓合，平息despot独裁者disarmament解除武装enforce实施，使生效established international practice国际惯例federal government联邦政府hierarchy等级制度humanitarian aid人道主义援助parliament 国会，议会House of Commons 下议院parliamentary debates 议会辩论self-evident principle 不言自明的法则verdict 陪审团的判决arbiter 仲裁者validity 有效性，合法性period terminate 截止日期suspension 中止，悬而未决in-house counsel 内部法律顾问citizenry 公民，国民basic right 基本权利privilege 特权higher up 上级，大人物elitism 杰出人物统治论，精英论bureaucratic 官僚主义的self-governing 自治的，自我管理的espionage 间谍活动spymaster 间谍组织首脑CIA(Central Intelligence Agency)美国中央情报局accusation 控告acquit 宣判无罪amend 修正amnesty 特赦appeal 上诉apprehend 拘押，逮捕arbitration 仲裁，调停armed conflicts 武装冲突attorney 律师authorize 授权autonomous 自治的bilateral talks 双边会淡civil law 民法code 法规，法典confinement 关押，禁闭congressman 国会议员conspiracy 阴谋constitution 宪法consul 领事convict 宣判有罪court 法院court of appeal 中级法院custody 拘留criminal law 刑法decree 法令defendant 被告defender 辩护人defuse 缓合，平息despot 独裁者disarmament 解除武装enforce 实施，使生效established international practice 国际惯例federal government 联邦政府hierarchy 等级制度humanitarian aid 人道主义援助illicit 非法的indemnity 赔偿institution 制度intellectual property.right 知识产权interim government 过渡政府joint declaration 联合声明judicial 司法的judiciary 司法部jury 陪审团lawsuit 诉讼legal liability 法律义务legislation 立法legislative 立法的legislature 立法机构legitimate 合法的litigant 诉讼当事人litigation 诉讼municipal 市政的offense 犯罪parliament 议会pending 未决的petition 请愿plaintiff(民事)原告plead 申诉，辩护probation 缓刑.察看public prosecutor 检查官reconciliation 和解repatriate 遣返Representative 众议院议员ruling(法官等)裁定secretary 部长senate 参议院senator 参议员sovereignty 主权statute 成文法stipulation 条文，规定subpoena 传票suit 起诉suitor(刑事)原告summit meeting 首脑会议峰会terrorist attack 恐怖袭击terrorist organizations 恐怖组织The Capitol 国会大厦the House of Representative 下议院The Pentagon 国防大楼the Senate 上议院undersecretary 次长usurpation 篡夺verdict(陪审团)裁定violation 违犯立法会议legislative sessions行政处罚administrative penalty司法部门enforcement apartment侵犯个人隐私invasion of privacy修改宪法revise the constitution假账deceptive accounting漏税tax evasion刑事诉讼criminal proceeding行贿和受贿take and offer bribes要求索赔claim compensation目无法规defy the law and social disciplines法律监督function as a legal supervisor扰乱治安disturb the social order建立奖励和制约机制establish a incentive and disincentive system物质和精神文明建设material and ideological progress精简机构streamline government organs集思广益pool ones wisdom扩大内需expand the domestic demand经济类词汇总结之一：account：n 账目，账户，报告，记录（僻义n 叙述，说明）accountant：n 会计同义词：relate n 叙述，说明）v 说明，解释，account for占据，成为accountant：会计反义词：auditor：n审计员，旁听生Audit：v审计accumulate：v 积累，堆积：accumulate wealth: 积累财富acquisition：n 收购；mergers and acquisitions\M&A 兼并与联合monopoly：垄断business concentrationaffiliate：v 附属于，n 附属公司，子公司be affiliated to ：隶属于，受..的支配Segregate：aggregate：CongregateComprehend v理解Apprehend：v理解=concern担忧v 使聚集，使积累；总计（记忆：ag=ac 使，greg=走，ate=动词后缀，走到一起）同义词：congregate使集合，聚集；其反义词segregate：se分开：使分离assess：v 评价，估计n assessment评价Estimate value rate weigh ponder calculate appraise evaluatebankrupt：a 破产的；v 破产；bankruptcy n 破产，倒闭barrier：n 障碍，屏蔽；trade and investment barriers：贸易和投资壁垒mass medium：大众媒介owned medium 自有媒介sold mediumearned mediumhijacked mediumboycott：n\v抵制boycott product：抵制产品commerce：n 商业，贸易；domestic：adj 家庭的，国内的domestic violence：家暴domestic commerce 国内贸易；domestic market：国内市场mass market：大众市场e-commerce：电子商务consolidate：vt 巩固，加强；合并，联合；consolidation：n巩固，联合contract：n 合同，契约；v 订合同，收缩，传染bond：n 合同，债券Government Bond：国债deposit：n 押金；存款withdraw：v 取钱，撤销，撤退domestic：a 国内的drastic: a 严厉的economies：n 国家；emerging economies：发展中国家；impoverished economies：发展中国家rich economies：发达国家estimate：n\v 估计，估价；underestimate：v 低估；overestimate：v高估expand：v 扩大，扩张；expansion：n 扩大，扩展；expansive：a 易扩张的exploit：v 剥削；利用，开发；exploit solar energy 利用太阳能energy consumption：耗力time consumption：费时money consumption：费钱energy-intensive：能源密集型labor-intensive：劳动密集型经济类词汇总结之二economic decline：经济衰退，经济下滑；Slowing economy：缓慢的经济softening economy：疲软的经济slackening economy：疲软的经济depression：大萧条stagnant：adj 停滞的supply-cut：切断供应oil shock：石油动荡digit：n 数位（比如12就是double-digit 两个数位）inflation：通货膨胀deflation：通货紧缩push up：价格上涨suspend：v 悬挂；中止（词根记忆：pend：悬，挂，称重，支付）；suspension：n 中止，暂停词根记忆：pend：悬，挂，支付expenditure：ex向外+pend支出+iture 名词后缀n.1.经费，支出retail price：零售价格；whole sale：批发价格sold out：售罄on sale：打折discount：打折，折扣swing：n 摇摆，秋千；v 价格浮动fluctuate：v 价格的波动consumption：消耗量（energy consumption，money consumption，time consumption）inflation：n 通货膨胀；deflation：n 通货紧缩price index：价格指数energy-intensive：能源密集型energy conservation：能源保护commodity price index：物价severe：adj 严重的gross：adj 总的，毛重量n 总额；GDP：gross domestic product：国内生产总值invest：v 投资（invest in real estate：投资房地产）；asset：资产tangible asset：有形资产intangible asset：无形资产liquid asset: 流动资产illiquid \fixed asset：固定资产investment：n 投资；investor：投资者monopoly：n垄断；专营服务anti—monopoly：反垄断；monopoly price：垄断价格；gain\hold\ secure a monopoly：获得\持有\得到专利权；monopolize：v独占，垄断单词记忆：mono=一个，mono+logue（说）=一个人说话，独白；mono+cycle（轮子）=独轮车mono+arch（管理）=君主，帝王mono+oxide氧化物=一氧化碳经济类词汇总结之三monetary policy: 货币政策central banker：中央银行poll：n 民意调查；v 选票slack：v 懈怠；经济萧条capacity utilization：生产利用率incentive：n 刺激，鼓励，激励(act as\create\provide incentive 成为\产生\提供动力）outcome: n 结果是，结果，成果（the outcome of competition is survival of the fittest:竞争的结果是优胜劣汰）A desirable\favorable\an inevitable outcome:称心的\有利的\不可避免的结果plunge：n\v 猛跌（股票的猛跌）；跳进；投入（A plunge into debt: 背债）slump：n\v 暴跌，下降prompt: v 促使，推动，激起a 敏捷的，迅速的proportion：n 部分，份儿；比例；均衡（in proportion to 与...成比例；out of proportion 不成比例）；a large proportion of 相当多quantify：v 定量，量化random：a 任意的，随机的；n 随机，随意；at random：任意地，随机地rebound：n\v 反弹；economic rebound：经济反弹restrict：v 限制，约束triple：n 三倍（tri：前缀，三）；tricycle：三轮车quadruple：四倍（quadru：前缀，四）underway：a 在进行中recovery：n恢复；economic recovery：经济复苏revival：n 复苏；economic revival：经济复苏经济类词汇总结之四administer：v 管理，治理；执行，实施；administration：n 管理，精英analyze: v 分析，研究appraise：v 评定，鉴定，评价；appraisal：n 评价，估计：assets appraisal：资产评估appropriate：a 适当的，恰当的；v挪用，盗用；appropriate public money：挪用公款inappropriate：a 不适当的；appropriation：n 挪用，盗用；拨款array：n 大堆，大量；an array of facts\information: 一连串的事实\信息bond：n 结合（物），连接；债券，契约；Government Bond 国债breach：n 破坏，违反:penalty for breach of contract:违约金\ breach of promise\peace 毁约，食言\扰乱治安；v破坏，违反：breach an agreement 违反约定circulate：v使循环，使流通；circulating capital：流动资本；circulation：n 循环；流通commonwealth：n 政治实体，联邦：commonwealth of Independence State(CIS) 独立国家联合体confidential：a 机密的，秘密的：confidential information\files 机密情报\文件crisis：n 危机，危急关头：economic\financial crisis 经济\财政危机；crisis of belief：信仰危机；come to\reach a crisis 陷入危机；in crisis 在危机中defence：n 防御，保护；辩护，答辩Department of Defense 国防部dispose：v处理；处置；dispose of 处理；处置；disposal：n 处理，处置；disposable a 用完即可丢弃的，一次性的impetus：n 推动力，促进；great\considerable\powerful impetus:大力推动；add\give\provide impetus to 给予、提供推动index：n 索引：alphabetical index：字母索引；指标，指数，标志：CPI(Consumer Price Index) 消费者物价指数；stock index：股票指数manipulate：v 操纵，控制，影响；熟练地使用；manipulation：n 操作，操纵manufacture：n 制造，制造业；v 制造，加工merge：v 使结合，合并；merger n 合并，归并mortgage：n 按揭，抵押贷款（单词记忆：mort死+gage抵押品=按揭，抵押）precede：v 在...之前，先于（单词记忆：pre 在...之前+cede走：走在...之前）；preceding：a 在先的，前面的；precedent：n 先例，范例，惯例经济类词汇总结之五propel：v推进，推动，激励；propeller：n 推进器，螺旋桨prosper：v 繁荣，兴旺，成功；prosperous：a 繁荣的，兴旺的；prosperity：n 富足，兴旺；Common prosperity：共同富裕quantitative：a 数量的，定量的；quantitative analysis：定量分析reciprocal：a 相互的，互惠的resultant：a 作为结果的，因而发生的smuggle：v 走私，偷运；smuggler：n 走私者；smuggling：n 走私活动wholesale：n 批发；the wholesale trade: 批发业；wholesale prices 批发价格yield：n 产量，收获v 屈服，服从；yield to 屈服于...听从allocate：v 分配，分派；housing allocation：住房分配assemble：v 集合，集会；组装，装配benefit：n 利益，好处；v 有益于，使收益；for the benefit of 为了...的利益；be of great benefit to 对...大有裨益commodity：n 商品，物品；fake or inferior quality commodity 假冒伪劣商品；commodity economy：商品经济deficient：a 缺陷的，缺乏的，不足的；deficient funds：租金短缺；deficient supplies：缺乏供应dividend：n 姑息，红利endorse：v 背书；赞同，认可；endorsement ：n 赞同，支持expense：n 花费，消费，费用；income and expense：收支；living expense：生活费用at the expense of...以...为代价generate：v 产生，发生impose：v 把..强加于：do not impose on others what you yourself do not desire:己所不欲勿施于人；征税；impose a fine\tax\restrictions on sb\sth:罚款\征税|强行管制；impose sth on sb 把..强加于inherit：v 继承；inherit sth from sb：从某人那里继承|遗传得到的levy：n 征税，税款：import levy 进口税收v 征收税等：levy taxes on incomes征收所得税经济类词汇总结之5Monetary：a 货币的，金融的：International Monetary Fund: （IMF）国际货币基金组织；monetary policy：货币政策Offset：n\v 补偿，抵消Quota：n 定量，定额，配额：import and export quota system：进出口配额制度Recession：n 经济衰退；an industrial recession：工业衰退Subsidiary：a 辅助的，附带的；n 子公司Tariff：n关税，税率；lower\raise the tariff on imported cars 降低\提高进口汽车的关税Tumble：n 暴跌Withdraw：v 缩回，退出；收回，撤销：withdraw one’s promise\proposal:收回诺言\撤销提议V 提取：withdraw money from an ATM：从ATM机上取钱Advance：n 前进，进步v 推进Bid：n 命令，吩咐；报价，投标；出价：invite for a bid：投标Blackmail：n|v 敲诈，勒索Boom：n 兴旺，迅速发展：there is a boom in.. ..迅速发展Brand：n 商品，品牌，标记Bubble：n 泡沫，虚假，骗局：bubble economy：泡沫经济Capital：n 资金，资本；capitalism：n 资本主义；capitalist：n 资本家Circular：a 圆形的，循环的；circular economy：循环经济Column：n 栏；（报刊）专栏：the financial column：财经专栏curb：v\n 控制，约束：curb housing prices：控制房价；curbing pollution：控制污染Deficit：n 赤字，逆差Surplus：a 过剩的，多余的，盈余的经济类词汇总结之六estate：n 地产，房地产：real estate：房地产gamble：n\v 赌博；投机，冒风险inflation：n 通货膨胀：control\check inflation 控制通货膨胀deflation：n 通货紧缩infrastructure：n 基础结构，基础设施（infra-在...下，低+structure：结构，组织）revenue：n （财政）收入，税收：Internal Revenue Commission 国税局revive：v 使复活，复苏（单词记忆：、re再一次+vive生命）：revive economy\old customs\trends: 复兴经济\再兴旧习惯\重现某趋势；revival：n 复兴：economy revival：经济复苏sanction：v 批准，许可；n 批准，认可：official sanction：正式批准；约束，出发；制裁：economic sanctions：经济制裁；impose\lift sanctions against：实行\取消对...的制裁segment：n 部分，片，段soar：v 高飞，飞翔；物价飞涨，猛增stake：n 利害关系，风险；赌注：be at stake: 利害攸关，在危险中；play for high stakes：下大赌注赌钱standstill：n 停止，停顿：be at\come to\bring sth to a standstill:处于停顿状态statistics：n 统计学；统计；statistical：统计的stock：v 储存；n 备料，库存，现货；股票，公债：stock exchange：证券交易所\\joint stock company：股份公司tangible：a 有形的，实际的，确实的：tangible advantages\proof\assets:实际的优势\确凿的证据\有形资产intangible：a 抽摸不到的，无形的；intangible assets：无形资产transact：v 做交易，办理；transaction：n 交易，业务widespread：a 分布广泛的，普遍的。
专业八级常用政治术语
专业八级常用政治术语第1讲1. 马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiao-ping Theory, Jiang Zemin “Three Represent’s”important Thought2. 新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution3. 民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people4. 经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure5. 社会主义制度socialist system6. 社会变革social transformation7. 建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics8. 中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation9. 党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory, line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism 10. 改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside专业八级常用政治术语第2讲11. 中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China12. 马克思主义政党Marxist political Party13. 党的第一（第二、第三）代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first (second/third)generation14. 人民民主专政the people’s democratic dictatorship15. 国民经济体系national economic system16. 综合国力aggregate national strength17. 国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP)18. 独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace19. 马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China 20. 加强和改进党的建设，不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力，永葆党的生机与活力strengthen and improve Party building, continuously enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the Party, and always maintain its vigor and vitality21. “三个代表”就是必须代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益，是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源，是我们党始终站在时代前列，保持先进性的根本体现和根本要求。
政治学与行政学专业英语词汇
一院制Unicameral一党制国家One—party States人权Human rights人权宣言Declarations of the Rights of Man and the Citizen工会Trade unions下议院House of Commons上议院House of Lords个人主义Individualism女权主义Feminism马列主Marxism—Leninism马克思主义Marxism马基雅维里主Machiavelli王权Crown无产阶级Proletariat无产阶专政Dictatorship of the proletariat无政府主义Anarchism专制Despotism专制政府/绝对专制主义Absolute government/absolutism中央与地方的关系Central/Local relations分权Separation of powers公共行政Public administration公民权利Civil rights公民自由Civil liberties正义Justice可审判性Justiciability平等Equality奴隶制Slavery占统治地位的党Dominant party代表Delegate代议员Representative 代议制政府Representative government代表制Representation主权Sovereignty市民社会Civil society市（镇）长Major立宪主义Constitutionalism立宪政体Constitutional government立法机关Legislatures立法否决Legislative veto立法委员会Legislative committees立法起草Legislative drafting半总统制Semi-presidential systems议长Speaker议会制度Parliamentary system司法机构Judiciary司法行政官Magistrate司法审查Judicial review民主Democracy民主党Democratic Party民主集中制Democratic centralism民意测验Opinion polls共产党Communist Parties共和国Republic机构/制度Institution权力Power权利Rights权利法案Bill of rights权威Authority妇女选举权Women’s suffrage地方长官Prefect地方政府Local government地方政府财政Local government finance地方政治Local politics同意Consent同意投票Approval voting团体理论Group theory邦联Confederation邦联条例Articles of Confederation自由Freedom自由党Liberal parties自由裁量权Discretion自决Self-determination自治Self-government自治领Dominion行为主义Behaviouralism行政Administration行政机关Executives政委员Administrative board行政法庭Administrative tribunal行政法院Administrative court州长Governor多元主义Pluralism多元社会Plural society多头制Polyarchy多数派政府Majority government多数统治Majority rule决策Decision making决策理论Decision theory农奴制Serfdom阶层/阶级Class麦迪逊，詹姆斯Madison,James苏格拉底Socrates极权主义Totalitarianism否决权Veto投票Voting投票率Turnout护宪Entrenchment财产权Property利益Interests利益表达与聚合Interest articulation and aggregation 利益集团Interest group言论，表达和出版自由Freedom of speech,expression,and the press社区/共同体Community社团主义Corporatism社会主义Socialism社会民主主义Social democracy社会契约论Social contract君主制Monarchy责任Responsibility责任政府Responsible government直接民主Direct democracy直接行动Direct action杰斐逊，托马斯Jefferson,Thomas 欧洲议会European Parliament欧洲共同体European Community歧视Discrimination国际法International Law国家State国家元首Head of state国家消亡Withering away of the state国家财政危机Fiscal crisis of the state非暴力反抗Civil disobedience非暴力行为Non-violent action制定法Statute Law制衡Checks and balance委任Patronage委员会Commission质询Interpellation法Law法令Act法官Judge法治Rule of law法律的正当程序Due process of law法案，议案Bill宗教自由Freedom of religion审判Adjudication审查制度Censorship官僚制/官僚Bureaucracy实证主义Positivism封建主义Feudalism革命和反革命Revolutionand counter-revolution政体Polity政纲platform政变Coup D’etat政府Government政府组成过程Government formationprocess政府首脑Head of government政府调查Public inquiry政治Politics政治义务Politicalobligation政治文化Political culture政治中的种族问题Race in politics政治心理学Political psychology政治发展Political development政治行动委员会（美国）Politicalaction committee政治行为研究Political behaviour政治地理学Political geography政治权力Political power政治局（及常务委员会）Politburo(andPesidium)政治沟通Political communication政治体系/政治系统Political system政治参与Political participation政治财政Political finance政治科学Political science政治社会化Political socialization政治社会学Political sociology政治学的定量方法Quantitative methods in politics政治态度Political attitudes政治腐败Political corruption政治继承Political succession政治理论Political theory政治暴力Political violence政治影响Political influence政治整合/政治一体化Politicalintegratio政党分赃制Spoils system政党认同Party identification政党代表大会Party convention政党功能Parties,political:functions of 政党组织Party organization政党核心集团Machine政党秘密会议Caucus政策分析Policy analysis政策实施Implementation政策输出研究Policy output studies城市政府City government城邦国家City state贵族/贵族制Aristocracy思想库Think tank看守政府Caretaker government选区Constituency选民登记Registration of electors选择投票Ticket-splitting选择领导Leadership selection选举Elections选举团Electoral college选举纲领Election program选举制度Electoral system选票Ballot重农主义Physiocracy重划选区Redistribution重商主义Mercantilism种族灭绝Genocide种族主义Racism种族隔离Apartheid顺从Deference保守主义Conservatism保守党Conservative parties保护主义Clientelism修正主义Revisionism独立机构Independent agency独立宣言Declaration ofIndependence独裁主义，权威主义Authoritarianism独裁制Autocracy帝国Empire帝国主义Imperialism美国革命American Revolution美国国会Congress美国辉格党Whig:U.S.首相（总理）/首相（总理）制政府Prime minister/Primeministerial government总统，总统制President/Presidentialsystem总罢工Generalstrike总督Governor-General派别Faction咨询和同意Advice and consent宣传Propaganda宪法Constitutional law宪法规约Conventionoftheconstitution宪法/宪政Constitution/constitutionalism神权政治Theocracy神授王权Divine right of kings费边主义Fabianism绝对专制主义Absolutism统治阶级Ruling class统治能力Governability恐怖Terror恐怖主义Terrorism格劳修斯Grotius监护Tutelage监察专员Ombudsman党派首领Boss罢免Recall恩格斯Engels缺席投票Absence voting特权Prerogative特许状Charter秘密警察Secret police倒台与政权更迭Breakdown and regime change候选人选择candidate selection爱国主义Patriotism被保护国Protectorate竞争性政党制度Competitive partysystem竞选运动Election campaign部门Department部长，部Minister/Ministry部长会议Council of Ministers准司法Quasi-judicial准--非政府组织Quango资历制Seniority资产阶级Bourgeoisie资本主义Capitalism浮动投票人Floating vote浪漫主义Romanticism宽容Toleration家长型控制Paternalism调查委员会Selectcommittee预算，预算编制Budget/Budgeting陪审团Jury理性Rationality理性选择方法Rational choice 教权主义Clericalism教会与国家Church and State基本权利Fundamental right基层党组织Primary party organization职能代表Functional representation授权立法Delegated legislation授权学说Mandate theory常设委员会Standing committee累计投票Cumulative vote唯心主义Idealism领导Leadership第二院，上议院Second chambers康德Kant混合政府Mixed government弹劾Impeachment隐私Privacy殖民统治Colonial government 联合，联合政府Coalition/Coalition government 联合民主Consociational democracy联合国United Nations联邦制Federalism联邦党人文集Federalist Papers联盟，联合League超载Overload超国家政府Supranational government博爱Fraternity斯大林Stalin 斯宾诺莎Spinoza斯密，亚当Smith,Adam最低下限Droop quota最高行政法院Conseil d’A etat最高法院Supreme court黑格尔Hegal辉格党与托利党Whigs and Tories等级Estates集体主义Collectivism集体行动Collective action集体领导Collective leadership集合理论Coalition theory街区选举，集团投票Block vote普通法Common law游说Lobbying雇主组织Employer’sorganization强制性投票Compulsory voting鼓励性行动Affirmative action路德，马丁Luther,Martin●解散议会社会工作：social work●社会工作者：socialworker●案主：client●个案社会工作：socialcase work●团体社会工作：socialgroup/team work●社区社会工作：socialcommunity work●社会工作导论：Theintroduction ofsocial work●社会工作实务：socialwork practice●做好事的人：do-gooders●预防贫穷协会:theSociety for thePrevention of Pauperism●慈善组织协会:the CharityOrganization Society●睦邻运动:the settlementmovement●汤恩比馆:Toybee Hall●霍尔馆:Hull House●《社会保障法案》:SocialSecurity Act●《济贫法》:The Elizabeth PoorLaw●《社会诊断》:Social Diagnosis●全美社会工作者协会：theNational Association of SocialWorkers●社会福利：social welfare●人类行为的生态学模式：Ecological model of humanbehavior●人类行为的医学模式： MedicalModel of Human Behavior●人格紊乱： personalitydisorders●客观事实：objective facts●主观感受：subjective feelings●问题觉醒：problem awareness●家庭暴力：domestic violence●老年人虐待 elder abuse●遗弃： abandonment●忽视：neglect●吸毒：addiction disorders●社会学概论：Introduction toSociololgy●社会问题：social issues●社会调查：social research●弱势群体：Vulnerable groups●/a disadvantaged minority●独身子女： the only child●单亲家庭：a single parent family农民工：migrant workers●社会排斥：social exclusion●社会融合：social integration●社会救助：social assistance●功能主义：functionalistperspective●镜中我：looking-glass self●机械团结:mechanical solidarity●越轨：delinquency●矫治： Correction●社会调查的理论与方法 Theories& Methods for SocialInvestigation●社会调查方法 Methods forSocial Investigation●社会工作 Social Work●社会统计分析与SYSTAT应用Social Statistics Analysis &SYSTAT Application●社会统计学 Social Statistics●社会问题研究 Research onSocial Problems●社会心理学 Social Psychology●社会学概论 Introduction toSociololgy●社会学简论 Brief Introductionto Sociology●社会学理论专题 Current Issuesin Theories of Socilolgy●社会学问题研究 Research onProblems of Sociology●社会学研究方法 ResearchMethods of Sociology●社会主义财政学 Finance ofSocialism●社会主义各国政，经体制讨论Discussion on Political &Economic Systems in Socialism ●社会学 Sociology●社会工作者 Social worker●案主 Client●社会问题 Social problem●社会心理 Social mental state ●社会调查 The societyinvestigates●个案社会工作 Social cases work ●团体社会工作 Social group work ●社区社会工作 social Communitywork●社工导论 The introdution ofsocial work●社会调查应用 the applicationfor society investigates●家庭暴力 Domestic violence●失恋 Disappoint in love●人在情境中 Person in situation ●弱势群体 disadvantaged groups ●社会保障 social security●社会福利制度the socialwelfare system●社会公德 social morality●单亲家庭 single parent family ●独生子女 the only child●失业率 rate of unemployment ●民工 the imigrant worker●社会学概论 Introduction toSociology●社会工作概论 Introduction toSocial Work●社会心理学 Social Psychology ●国外社会学学说 SociologicalTheories in the West●社会调查与研究方法 SocialSurvey & Research Method●社会统计与计算机应用 SocialStatistics and Application ofComputer●马克思主义社会学经典著作选读Selected Readings ofMarxist-Leninist Classics●社会保障与社会福利 SocialSecurity & Social Welfare●当代社会学理论 ModernSociological Theories●社会政策 Social Policy ●文化人类学CulturalAnthropology●中国社会思想史History of SocialTheories in China●人口社会学Sociology ofPopulation●农村社会学 RuralSociology●城市社会学 UrbanSociology●家庭社会学Sociology of Family●发展社会学Sociology ofDevelopment●经济社会学Economic Sociology●组织社会学Sociology ofOrganization●专业英语 Englishfor Sociology●社会学专题讲座Issues of Sociology●民俗学 FolkloreStudies●文化社会学Cultural Sociology●宗教社会学Sociology ofReligion●教育社会学Sociology ofEducation●越轨与犯罪社会学Sociology ofDeviance & Crime●当代社会的生活文化Life Style in CurrentSociety●西方社会思想史History of WesternSocial Thought●社会问题 SocialProblems●社会分层与社会流动SocialStratification &Mobility●科学社会学Sociology ofEducation●社会项目评估和统计指标 StatisticalIndexes & uation ofSocial Projects●文化社会学Cultural Sociology●历史社会学Historical Sociology●政治社会学 PoliticalSociology●法律社会学 Sociology of Law●环境社会学 Sociology ofEnvironment●劳动社会学 Sociology of Labor●公共关系 Public Relations●团体工作 Group Work●社区工作 Community Work●社会工作实习 Practice ofSocial Work●社会行政 SocialAdministration●数据分析技术 StatisticalPackage & Applications for theSocial Sciences●贫困与发展 Poverty andDevelopment●社会性别研究 Gender Studies●家庭社会工作 Family SocialWork●临床社会工作 Clinical SocialWork●社会立法 Social lagislation●老年社会工作 GerontologicalSocial Work●青少年越轨与矫治 JuvenileDelinquency & Correction●社区服务 Community Services●心理咨询 PsychologicalCounseling●整合社会工作实务 IntegrativeSocial Work Practice●社会工作专业英语 English forSocial Work●保险与信托 Insurance andEntrustment●教学实习 Teaching Practice●管理学 Management Theory● Administration 行政● Basic assumptions andprinciples of ~ 行政的基本假定与原则● Collaboration in 行政工作的合并● In community organization 社区组织中的行政● Consultation in 行政咨询● Defined 行政的定义● Importancy of 行政的重要性● Interagency coopration 行政的重要性● Shifting power in 行政分权● Supervision in 行政督导● social workers'club 社工俱乐部● Administration in social work(journal ) 《社会工作行政》（杂志）● Adolescents 青少年● Drug abuse and 吸毒与青少年● Health care services 青少年卫生保健服务● Pregnancy and 怀孕与青少年● Suicide and 自杀与青少年● Adoption 领养● Applicants for 申请领养人● Indepengdent placements 独立安置● Open 公开领养● Sa fe families act 《领养与安全家庭法案》sDissolution of parliament意识形态Ideology新左派New Left新右派New Right新政New deal新教政党Protestant parties福利国家Welfare state群众性政党Mass membership party 僭主制/暴政Tyranny寡头制Oligarchy寡头政治铁律Iron law of oligarchy精英，精英主义Elites,Elitism精英理论Doctrine of elites腐败选区Rotten borough弊政Maladministration熊彼特Schumpeter影子内阁Shadow cabinet暴力Violence潘恩Paine霍布斯Hobbes穆勒Mill激进主义Radicalism激进政党Radical parties整体主义Holism辩证法Dialectic辩证唯物主义Dialectical materialism 警察Police警察国家Police state。
专升本政治英语
专升本政治英语政治是重要的一门学科，对于专升本考生来说，政治英语学习更是必不可少的一部分。
本文将为大家介绍一些政治英语学习的方法和技巧，希望能够帮助考生们在考试中取得好成绩。
一、政治英语词汇政治英语词汇的掌握是学习政治英语的基础，以下是一些常见的政治英语词汇：1. 政府机构：government agencies2. 国家元首：head of state3. 国会：parliament4. 民主制度：democratic system5. 选举：election6. 政治犯：political prisoner7. 政治理论：political theory8. 政策实施：policy implementation9. 政治参与：political participation10. 外交关系：diplomatic relations二、政治英语语法政治英语在语法方面也有其一些特点，下面是一些常见的语法结构和用法：1. 表达事实：使用一般现在时表达事实，如：“The government implements various policies.”（政府实施了各种政策。
）2. 表达观点：使用情态动词can、should等来表达观点和建议，如：“Citizens can participate in political activities.”（公民可以参与政治活动。
）3. 表示原因和结果：使用because、so等表示原因和结果，如：“The government promotes economic development because it benefits the country.”（政府促进经济发展是因为这有益于国家。
）三、政治英语阅读材料阅读是提高政治英语能力的有效途径之一，以下是一些推荐的政治英语阅读材料：1. 政治类报纸和杂志：通过阅读政治类报纸和杂志，可以了解最新的政治动态和事件，同时也能够提高政治英语的词汇量和阅读理解能力。
【英语】中国政治常用词汇英语翻译
【关键字】英语执法部门law-enforcing departments群众组织mass organizations保证将国家机关的工作置于社会的监督下to ensure the works of state organizations be put under social supervision深入开展反腐败斗争to deepen the anticorruption campaign廉正建设the construction of honest administering社会主义民主政治的核心是人民当家做主,真正享有法律赋予的各项民主权利.The essence and core of socialist democratic politics is that the people are the masters and they really enjoy various democratic rights endowed by laws集体领导、民主集中、个别酝酿、会议决定collective leadership, democratic centralism, case-specific consultation, decision through meeting全心全意为人民服务、立党为公、执政为民serve the people heart and soul, work for the public and assumes power for the people社会主义制度socialist system社会变革social transformation建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation小康社会、小康生活well-to-do society, well-to-do life四项基本原则Four Cardinal Principles社会主义初级阶段the primary stage of socialism党管干部的原则the principle of the Party assuming the responsibility for cadres’ affairs集体领导、民主集中、个别酝酿、会议决定collective leadership, democratic centralism, case-specific consultation, decisionthrough meeting基本国策basic state policy精神文明intellectual and ideological development物质文明material progress廉政建设construction of a clean government权利下放delegate / decentralize power to the lower levels人浮于事overstaffed社会风气social morality社会风尚social graces; social graciousness物质文明material progress以权谋私abuse power for personal gains与国际接轨gear… to international conventions政企分开separate government functions from enterprise management执法监督部门law-enforcing departments and supervisory institutions中国国情China's actual conditions综合国力the overall national strength遵纪守法observe discipline and abide by the law改革开放reform and open up (to the outside world解放思想、实事求是emancipating the mind, seeking truth from the facts全心全意为人民服务、立党为公、执政为民serve the people heart and soul, work for the public and assumes power for the people 依法治国和以德治国the rule of law and the rule of virtue社会主义物质文明和精神文明material and spiritual civilizations of socialism人民民主专政the people's democratic dictatorship民主集中制、党内民主democratic centralism, inner-Party democracy democratic decision-making 民主决策democratic elections 民主选举democratic management 民主管理Democratic Progressive Party 民进党democratic supervision 民主监督Deng Xiaoping theory 邓小平理论deputy to the National People's Congress 全国人大代表extensive and profound 广博精深extravagance and waste 铺张浪费falsification 弄虚作假family planning 计划生育federations of industry 工商联fetters of subjectivism and metaphysics 主观主义和形而上学的桎梏fight against "Taiwan Independence" 反对“台独”good-neighborly relationship 睦邻友好government functions 政府职能government institutions 政府机构government intervention 政府干预government organs 政府机构(have) a good government and a united people 政通人和historic breakthrough 历史性突破hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping theory 高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜honesty 诚实守信honesty and high efficiency 廉洁高效Hong Kong And Macao special administrative regions 香港、澳门特别行政区ideological and moral education 思想道德建设intellectuals 知识分子intensify functions 强化功能international organizations 国际性组织international situation 国际形势iron out differences 化解歧见keep pace with the times 与时俱进kingpin 支撑long-term peace and order 长治久安long-term social stability and solidarity 长期社会安定团结Mao Zedong thought 毛泽东思想Marxism Leninism 马克思列宁主义mass organizations 人民团体masters of the country 当家作主material and cultural needs of the people 人民的物质文化需要material and spiritual civilization 物质文明和精神文明media and publicity work 宣传舆论工作moral kingpin 精神支撑morality, intelligence, physique and art 德智体美national rejuvenation through science and education 科教兴国national reunification 祖国统一national spirit 民族精神negotiations on peaceful reunification 和平统一谈判neighborhood committee 居委会NPC member 人大代表our compatriots in Taiwan 台湾同胞patriots from all walks of life 各界爱国人士patriotic democratic personages 爱国民主人士patriotic united front 爱国统一战线peace and development 和平与发展peace, justice and progress 和平，正义，进步proceed from our national conditions 从我国国情出发promote all-round social progress 促进社会全面进步realm of ideology 意识形态领域reform and opening-up 改革开放reform, development and stability 改革发展稳定rule (run) the country by law 依法治国rule (run) the country by virtue 以德治国running the party, state and army 治党治国治军survival and development 生存和发展sustainable development 可持续发展system of regional ethnic autonomy 民族区域自治制度the Chinese people of all ethnic groups 全国各族人民the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation 中华民族的伟大复兴the people of all social strata 社会各阶层人们the provincial and municipal (prefectural) governments 省、市（地）两级地方政府two conferences (NPC and CPPCC) 两会（人大，政协）unified, open, competitive and orderly 统一、开放、竞争、有序vigilance against risks 抗风险能力vitality, creativity and cohesion of a nation 民族的力、创造力和凝聚力citizens' participation in political affairs 公民政治参与civic duty 公民职责civil rights / civil liberties 公民权利、自由civil servants 公务员此文档是由网络收集并进行重新排版整理.word可编辑版本！。
政府类专业词汇英语表达总结
一、中国共产党山西省委员会Shanxi Provincial Committee of the CPC书记 Secretary副书记 Vice Secretary常务委员 Member of the Standing Committee委员 Member秘书长 Secretary-General常务副秘书长 Executive Vice Secretary-General副秘书长 Deputy Secretary-General二、山西省人民代表大会常务委员会The Standing Committee of the People’s Congress of Shanxi Province 主任 Chairman副主任 Vice-Chairman秘书长 Secretary-General副秘书长 Deputy Secretary-General委员 Member三、省政府及有关部门山西省人民政府The People’s Government of Shanxi Province省长 Governor常务副省长 Executive Vice Governor副省长 Vice Governor秘书长 Secretary-General常务秘书长 Executive Vice Secretary-General副秘书长 Vice Secretary-General厅长（局长、主任） Director-General副厅长（副局长、副主任） Deputy Director-General 巡视员 Counsel助理巡视员 Assistant Counsel处长 Director of Division副处长 Deputy Director调研员 Consultant助理调研员 Assistant Consultant科长 Section Chief副科长 Deputy Section Chief主任科员 Principal Staff Member副主任科员 Senior Staff Member科员 Staff Member办事员 Clerk四、中国人民政治协商会议山西省委员会Shanxi Provincial Committee of the CPPCC主席 Chairman副主席 Vice Chairman常务委员 Member of the Standing Committee委员 Member秘书长 Secretary-General副秘书长 Deputy Secretary-General五、山西省高级人民法院The Higher People’s Court o f Shanxi Province 院长 President常务副院长 Executive Vice-President副院长 Vice-President审判委员会委员 Member of the Judicial Committee 审判员 Judge助理审判员 Assistant Judge书记员 Clerk六、山西省人民检察院The People’s Procuratorate of Shanxi Province检察长 Procurator-General副检察长 Deputy Procurator-General检察委员会委员 Member of the Procuratorial Committee检察员 Procurator助理检察员 Assistant Procurator书记员 Clerk山西省政府机构英文译名山西省政府机构英文译名师晓华山西省人民政府：The People’s Government of Shanxi Province山西省人民政府办公厅： General Office of the People’s Government of Shanxi Province省政府组成部门省发展计划委员会： Development Planning Commission of Shanxi Province省经济贸易委员会： Economic and Trade Commission of Shanxi Province省教育厅：Department of Education of Shanxi Province省科学技术厅： Department of Science and Technology of Shanxi Province省公安厅： Department of Public Security of Shanxi Province省国家安全厅： Department of State Security of Shanxi Province省监察委员会（省纪检委）：Supervision Commission of Shanxi Province ( Shanxi Commission for Discipline Inspection)省民政厅：Department of Civil Affairs of Shanxi Province省司法厅：Department of Justice of Shanxi Province省财政厅：Department of Finance of Shanxi Province省人事厅：Department of Personnel of Shanxi Province省劳动和社会保障厅： Department of Labour and Social Security of Shanxi Province省国土资源厅：Department of Land Resources of Shanxi Province省建设厅： Department of Construction of Shanxi Province省交通厅：Department of Communications of Shanxi Province省水利厅：Department of Water Resources of Shanxi Province省农业厅：Department of Agriculture of Shanxi Province省林业厅：Department of Forestry of Shanxi Province省商务厅：Department of Commerce of Shanxi Province省文化厅：Department of Culture of Shanxi Province省卫生厅：Department of Public Health of Shanxi Province省计划生育委员会：Family Planning Commission of Shanxi Province省审计厅：Department of Audit of Shanxi Province省政府工作部门省地方税务局：Bureau of Local Taxation of Shanxi Province省环保局： Bureau of Environmental Protection of Shanxi Province省广播电视局： Administration of Radio and Television of Shanxi Province省体育局：Administration of Sports of Shanxi Province省统计局：Statistics Bureau of Shanxi Province省工商行政管理局：Administration of Industry and Commerce of Shanxi Province省新闻出版局；Administration of Press and Publication of Shanxi Province省质量技术监督局：Administration of Quality and Technology Supervision of Shanxi Province省药品监督管理局：Drug Administration of Shanxi Province省旅游局：Tourism Administration of Shanxi Province省民族宗教事务局：Bureau of Ethnic and Religious Affairs of Shanxi Province省粮食局：Grain Administration of Shanxi Province省乡镇企业管理局：Township Enterprises Administration of Shanxi Province省文物局：Cultural Relics Bureau of Shanxi Province省国防科学技术工业办公室：Office of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense of Shanxi Province省政府外事办公室：Foreign Affairs Office of the People’s Government of Shanxi Province省政府机关事务管理局：Government Offices Administration of Shanxi Province省农业机械管理局：Bureau of Agricultural Machinery Administration of Shanxi province省物价局：Price Control Administration of Shanxi Province省煤炭工业局：Bureau of Coal Industry of Shanxi Province省法制办公室：Legislative Affairs Office of the People’s Government of Shanxi Province省政府参事室：Counselor’s Office of the People’s Government of Shanxi Province 省监狱管理局：Prison Administrative Bureau of Shanxi Province省公安厅交通管理局（交警总队）：Traffic Administration of Shanxi Public Security Department (Traffic Police Headquarters)省地方铁路局：Local Railways Administration of Shanxi Province省人民防空办公室：Civil Air Defense Office of Shanxi Province省档案局：Archives Administration of Shanxi Province省测绘局：Bureau of Surveying and Mapping of Shanxi Province省公路局：Highway Bureau of Shanxi Province省机械设备成套局：Machinery & Equipment Complete Sets Bureau of Shanxi Province 省万家寨引黄工程管理局：Administration Bureau of Wanjiazhai Yellow River Diversion Project of Shanxi Province省地质勘查开发局：Bureau of Geological Surveys and Explorations of Shanxi Province 省煤田地质局：Bureau of Coal Geology of Shanxi Province省煤炭基本建设局：Bureau of Coal Basic Construction of Shanxi Province省改革和发展研究中心：Research Center of Reform and Development of Shanxi Province 省招生考试管理中心：Enrolment and Examination Administrative Center of Shanxi Province省行政学院（省委党校）：School of Administration of Shanxi Proince (Party School of CPC Shanxi Provincial Committee)山西日报社： Shanxi Daily Agency省社会科学院： Shanix Academy of Social Sciences省农业科学院：Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences省社会主义学院：Socialism Institute of Shanxi Province中央部属单位：新华社山西分社： Shanxi Xinhua News Agency财政部驻山西财政监察专员办事处：Shanxi Resident Financial Supervision Office of Ministry of Finance审计署驻太原特派办：Taiyuan Resident Audit Office of CNAO (China National Audit Office)中国证监会驻太原特派办：Taiyuan Resident Office of China Securities Regulatory Commission省通信管理局：Telecommunications Administration of Shanxi Province省邮政局：Post Bureau of Shanxi Province省气象局：Meteorological Bureau of Shanxi Province省地震局：Seismological Bureau of Shanxi Province省国税局：Shanxi Provincial Administration of State Bureau省出入境检验检疫局：Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of Shanxi Province 中国民航山西省管理局：Civil Aviation Administration of China, Shanxi Branch省煤矿安全监察局：Coal Mine Safety Supervision Bureau of Shanxi Province表格 1中国共产党，其他政党及政协相关名称中国共产党中央委员会Central Committee of the Communist Party of China中央政治局Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPC中央政治局常务委员会Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC中央书记处Secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPC中央军事委员会Central Military Commission of the CPC中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC中央办公厅General Office, CCCPC中央组织部Organization Department, CCCPC中央宣传部Publicity Department, CCCPC中央统一战线部United Front Work Department, CCCPC中央对外联络部International Liaison Department, CCCPC中央政法委员会Committee of Political and Legislative Affairs, CCCPC中央政策研究室Policy Research Office, CCCPC中央直属机关工作委员会Work Committee for Offices Directly under the CCCPC中央国家机关工作委员会State Organs Work Committee of the CPC中央台湾工作委员会Taiwan Affairs Office, CCCPC中央对外宣传办公室International Communication Office, CCCPC中央党校Party School of the CPC中央党史研究室Party History Research Centre, CCCPC中央文献研究室Party Literature Research Centre, CCCPC中央翻译局Compilation and Translation Bureau, CCCPC中央外文出版发行事业局China Foreign Languages Publishing and Distribution Administration中央档案馆Archives Bureau, CCCPC《中国人民政治协商会议及其机构》The Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and Its Structure 中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会National Committee of the CPPCC中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会常务委员会Standing Committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会办公厅General Offices of the CPPCC National Committee专门委员会Special Committee提案委员会Committee for Handling Proposals经济委员会Committee for Economic Affairs人口资源环境委员会Committee of Population, Resources and Environment教科文卫体委员会Committee of Education, Science, Culture, Health and Sports社会和法制委员会Committee for Social and Legal Affairs民族和宗教委员会Committee for Ethnic and Religious Affairs文史资料委员会Committee of Cultural and Historical Data港澳台侨委员会Committee for Liaison with Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Overseas Chinese外事委员会Committee of Foreign Affairs中国人民政治协商委员会地方委员会CPPCC Local Committees《中国政党Chinese Parties》中国共产党(中共)Communist Party of China (CPC)中国国民党革命委员会(民革)Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang中国民主同盟(民盟)Chinese Democratic League中国民主建国会(民建)China Democratic National Construction Association中国民主促进会(民进)China Association for Promoting Democracy中国农工民主党Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party中国致公党China Zhi Gong Dang九三学社Jiu San Society台湾民主自治同盟(台盟)Taiwan Democratic SelfGovernment League中国国家机关名称中国国家机关名称China's State Organs全国人民代表大会National People’s Congress (NPC)主席团Presidium常务委员会Standing Committee办公厅General Office秘书处Secretariat代表资格审查委员会Credentials Committee提案审查委员会Motions Examination Committee民族委员会Ethnic Affairs Committee法律委员会Law Committee财务经济委员会Finance Affairs Committee外事委员会Foreign and Economy Committee教育，科学，文化委员会Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee 内务司法委员会Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs华侨委员会Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee法制委员会Commission of Legislative Affairs特定问题委员会Committee of Inquiry into Special Questions宪法修改委员会Committee for Revision of the Constitution中华人民共和国主席President of the People’s Republic of China中央军事委员会Central Military Commission最高人民法院Supreme People’s Court最高人民检察院Supreme People’s Procuratorate国务院State Council(1)国务院部委Ministries and Commissions Directly under the State Council外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs国防部Ministry of National Defence国家发展计划委员State Development Planning Commission国家经济贸易委员会State Economic and Trade Commission教育部Ministry of Education科学技术部Ministry of Science and Technology国家科学技术工业委员会Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for NationalDefence国家民族事务委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission公安部 Ministry of Public Security国家安全部 Ministry of State Security监察部 Ministry of Supervision民政部 Ministry of Civil Affairs司法部 Ministry of Justice财政部 Ministry of Finance人事部 Ministry of Personnel劳动和社会保障部 Ministry of Labour and Social Security国土资源部Ministry of Land and Resources建设部Ministry of Construction铁路部 Ministry of Railways交通部 Ministry of Communications信息产业部 Ministry of Information Industry水利部Ministry of Water Resources农业部Ministry of Agriculture对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation 文化部Ministry of Culture卫生部Ministry of Public Health国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning Commission中国人民银行People’s Bank of China国家审计署State Auditing Administration(2)国务院办事机构Offices under that State Council国务院办公厅General Office of the State Council侨务办公厅Office of Overseas Chinese Affairs港澳办公厅Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office台湾办公厅Taiwan Affairs Office法制办公厅Office of Legislative Affairs经济体制办公厅Office for Economic Restructuring国务院研究室Research Office of the State Council新闻办公室Information Office(3)国务院直属机构Departments Directly under the State Council海关总署General Administration of Customs国家税务总局State Taxation Administration国家环境保护总局State Environmental Protection Administration中国民用航空总局Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC)国家广播电影电视总局State Administration of Radio, Film and Television国家体育总局State Physical Cultural Administration国家统计局State Statistics Bureau国家工商行政管理局State Administration of Industry and Commerce新闻出版署Press and Publication Administration国家版权局State Copyright Bureau国家林业局State Forestry Bureau国家质量技术监督局State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision国家药品监督管理局State Drug Administration (SDA)国家知识产权局State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO)国家旅游局National Tourism Administration国家宗教事务局State Bureau of Religious Affairs国务院参事室Counsellors’ Office of the State Council国务院机关事务管理局Government Offices Administration of the State Council (4)国务院直属事业单位Institutions Directly under the State Council新华通讯社Xinhua News Agency中国科学院Chinese Academy of Sciences中国社会科学院Chinese Academy of Social Sciences中国工程院Chinese Academy of Engineering国务院发展研究中心Development Research Centre of the State Council国家行政学院National School of Administration中国地震局China Seismological Bureau中国气象局China Meteorological Bureau中国证券监督管理委员会China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRS)(5)部委管理的国家局State Bureaux Administration by Ministration or Commission)国家粮食储备局(国家发展计划委员会)State Bureau of Grain Reserve (Under the State Development Planning Commission)国家国内贸易局 State Bureau of Internal Trade国家煤炭工业局 State Bureau of Coal Industry国家机械工业局State Bureau of Machine Building Industry国家冶金工业局State Bureau of Metallurgical Industry国家石油和化学工业局State Bureau of Petroleum and Chemical Industry国家轻工业局State Bureau of Light Industry国家纺织工业局State Bureau of Textile Industry国家建筑材料工业局State Bureau of Building Materials Industry国家烟草专卖局State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau国家有色金属工业局State Bureau of Nonferrous Metal Industry(以上由国家经贸委管理above are all under the State Economic and Trade Commission)国家外国专家局(人事部) State Bureau of Foreign Experts Affairs (under the Ministry of Personnel)国家海洋局(国土资源部) State Bureau of Oceanic Administration (under the Ministry of Land and Resources)国家测绘局(国土资源部) State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping (ditto)国家邮政局(信息产业部) State Post Bureau (under the Ministry of Information Industry)国家文物局(文化部) State Cultural Relics Bureau (under the Ministry of Culture)国家中医药管理局(卫生部) State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (under the Ministry of Public Health)国家外汇管理局(中国人民银行总行) State Administration of Foreign Exchange (under the People’s Bank of China)国家出入境检验检疫局(海关总署) State Administration for EntryExit Inspection and Quarantine (under the General Administration of Customs)。
政治学、行政管理专业英语词汇
政治学与行政管理学专用英语词汇一院制Unicameral一党制国家One—party States人权Human rights人权宣言Declarations of the Rights of Man and the Citizen工会Trade unions下议院House of Commons上议院House of Lords个人主义Individualism女权主义Feminism马列主义Marxism—Leninism马克思主义Marxism马基雅维里主义Machiavelli王权Crown无产阶级Proletariat无产阶专政Dictatorship of the proletariat无政府主义Anarchism专制Despotism专制政府/绝对专制主义Absolute government/absolutism中央与地方的关系Central/Local relations分权Separation of powers公共行政Public administration公民权利Civil rights公民自由Civil liberties 正义Justice可审判性Justiciability平等Equality奴隶制Slavery占统治地位的党Dominant party代表Delegate代议员Representative 代议制政府Representative government代表制Representation主权Sovereignty市民社会Civil society市（镇）长Major立宪主义Constitutionalism立宪政体Constitutional government立法机关Legislatures立法否决Legislative veto立法委员会Legislative committees 立法起草Legislative drafting半总统制Semi-presidential systems议长Speaker议会制度Parliamentary system司法机构Judiciary司法行政官Magistrate司法审查Judicial review民主Democracy民主党Democratic Party民主集中制Democratic centralism民意测验Opinion polls共产党Communist Parties共和国Republic机构/制度Institution权力Power权利Rights权利法案Bill of rights权威Authority妇女选举权Women’s suffrage地方长官Prefect地方政府Local government地方政府财政Local government finance地方政治Local politics同意Consent同意投票Approval voting 团体理论Group theory邦联Confederation邦联条例Articles of Confederation 自由Freedom自由党Liberal parties自由裁量权Discretion 自决Self-determination自治Self-government自治领Dominion行为主义Behaviouralism行政Administration行政机关Executives政委员Administrative board行政法庭Administrative tribunal 行政法院Administrative court州长Governor多元主义Pluralism多元社会Plural society多头制Polyarchy多数派政府Majority government多数统治Majority rule决策Decision making决策理论Decision theory农奴制Serfdom阶层/阶级Class麦迪逊，詹姆斯Madison,James苏格拉底Socrates极权主义Totalitarianism 否决权Veto投票Voting投票率Turnout护宪Entrenchment财产权Property利益Interests利益表达与聚合Interest articulation and aggregation利益集团Interest group 言论，表达和出版自由Freedom of speech,expression,and the press社区/共同体Community社团主义Corporatism社会主义Socialism 社会民主主义Social democracy社会契约论Social contract君主制Monarchy责任Responsibility责任政府Responsible government直接民主Direct democracy直接行动Direct action杰斐逊，托马斯Jefferson,Thomas欧洲议会European Parliament欧洲共同体European Community歧视Discrimination国际法International Law国家State国家元首Head of state国家消亡Withering away of the state国家财政危机Fiscal crisis of the state非暴力反抗Civil disobedience非暴力行为Non-violent action制定法Statute Law制衡Checks and balance委任Patronage 委员会Commission质询Interpellation法Law法令Act法官Judge法治Rule of law法律的正当程序Due process of law法案，议案Bill宗教自由Freedom of religion审判Adjudication审查制度Censorship官僚制/官僚Bureaucracy 实证主义Positivism封建主义Feudalism革命和反革命Revolution and counter-revolution政体Polity政纲platform 政变Coup D’etat政府Government政府组成过程Government formation process政府首脑Head of government政府调查Public inquiry政治Politics政治义务Political obligation政治文化Political culture政治中的种族问题Race in politics 政治心理学Political psychology政治发展Political development政治行动委员会（美国）Political action committee政治行为研究Political behaviour政治地理学Political geography政治权力Political power政治局（及常务委员会）Politburo(and Pesidium)政治沟通Political communication政治体系/政治系统Political system政治参与Political participation政治财政Political finance政治科学Political science政治社会化Political socialization政治社会学Political sociology政治学的定量方法Quantitative methods in politics政治态度Politicalattitudes政治腐败Political corruption政治继承Political succession政治理论Political theory政治暴力Political violence政治影响Political influence政治整合/政治一体化Political integratio政党分赃制Spoils system政党认同Party identification政党代表大会Party convention政党功能Parties,political:functions of 政党组织Party organization政党核心集团Machine政党秘密会议Caucus政策分析Policy analysis政策实施Implementation政策输出研究Policy output studies城市政府City government城邦国家City state贵族/贵族制Aristocracy思想库Think tank看守政府Caretaker government选区Constituency选民登记Registration of electors选择投票Ticket-splitting选择领导Leadership selection选举Elections选举团Electoral college选举纲领Election program选举制度Electoral system选票Ballot重农主义Physiocracy重划选区Redistribution重商主义Mercantilism种族灭绝Genocide种族主义Racism种族隔离Apartheid 顺从Deference保守主义Conservatism 保守党Conservative parties保护主义Clientelism修正主义Revisionism独立机构Independent agency独立宣言Declaration of Independence独裁主义，权威主义Authoritarianism独裁制Autocracy帝国Empire帝国主义Imperialism美国革命American Revolution美国国会Congress美国辉格党Whig:U.S.首相（总理）/首相（总理）制政府Prime minister/Prime ministerial government总统，总统制President/Presidential system总罢工General strike总督Governor-General派别Faction咨询和同意Advice and consent宣传Propaganda宪法Constitutional law宪法规约Convention of the constitution宪法/宪政Constitution/constitutionalism神权政治Theocracy神授王权Divine right of kings费边主义Fabianism绝对专制主义Absolutism统治阶级Ruling class统治能力Governability恐怖Terror恐怖主义Terrorism格劳修斯Grotius监护Tutelage监察专员Ombudsman党派首领Boss罢免Recall恩格斯Engels 缺席投票Absence voting特权Prerogative特许状Charter秘密警察Secret police倒台与政权更迭Breakdown and regime change候选人选择candidate selection爱国主义Patriotism被保护国Protectorate竞争性政党制度Competitive party system竞选运动Election campaign部门Department部长，部Minister/Ministry部长会议Council of Ministers准司法Quasi-judicial准--非政府组织Quango资历制Seniority资产阶级Bourgeoisie资本主义Capitalism浮动投票人Floating vote浪漫主义Romanticism宽容Toleration家长型控制Paternalism调查委员会Select committee预算，预算编制Budget/Budgeting陪审团Jury理性Rationality理性选择方法Rational choice教权主义Clericalism教会与国家Church and State基本权利Fundamental right基层党组织Primary party organization职能代表Functional representation授权立法Delegated legislation授权学说Mandate theory常设委员会Standing committee累计投票Cumulative vote唯心主义Idealism领导Leadership第二院，上议院Second chambers康德Kant混合政府Mixed government弹劾Impeachment隐私Privacy殖民统治Colonial government联合，联合政府Coalition/Coalition government联合民主Consociational democracy联合国United Nations联邦制Federalism联邦党人文集Federalist Papers联盟，联合League超载Overload超国家政府Supranational government博爱Fraternity斯大林Stalin斯宾诺莎Spinoza斯密，亚当Smith,Adam最低下限Droop quota最高行政法院Conseil d’AEtat最高法院Supreme court黑格尔Hegal 辉格党与托利党Whigs and Tories等级Estates集体主义Collectivism集体行动Collective action集体领导Collective leadership集合理论Coalition theory街区选举，集团投票Block vote普通法Common law游说Lobbying雇主组织Employer’s organization强制性投票Compulsory voting鼓励性行动Affirmative action路德，马丁Luther,Martin解散议会Dissolution of parliament意识形态Ideology新左派New Left新右派New Right新政New deal新教政党Protestant parties福利国家Welfare state群众性政党Mass membership party僭主制/暴政Tyranny寡头制Oligarchy寡头政治铁律Iron law of oligarchy精英，精英主义Elites,Elitism精英理论Doctrine of elites腐败选区Rotten borough弊政Maladministration熊彼特Schumpeter影子内阁Shadow cabinet暴力Violence潘恩Paine霍布斯Hobbes穆勒Mill激进主义Radicalism激进政党Radical parties整体主义Holism辩证法Dialectic辩证唯物主义Dialectical materialism警察Police警察国家Police state。
国际政治专业英语词汇表
国际问题专业英语词汇表Absolute/Simple/Relative majority AbolitionismAbsolutismAd hocAdverse shocksAggregation of different interests Agnostic political temper Alleviation of humanitarian disaster Amnesty internationalAnomalous periodsAppeasement policy Appropriation committeeArmisticeArmed confrontationArm to teethArms control~ dealer/merchant of death~ raceArticulation of interests Asymmetric shocks/threat AuthoritarianismAutocracy(The) Axis powersBalance of powerBank liquidityBargaining chipsBehind closed doorsBi (tri-, multi-) lateral relations~ economic cooperation~ tradeBilliard ball gameBipartisan supportBlackmailBlockadeBond market and equity market Bordering subjectsBoundary negotiationBrainchildBraindrain~washBring all positive factors into full play Bring to justice~ fruitionBubble economyBudget surplus~ deficitBuffer zoneBusiness cycle(to) Carve out sphere of influenceCaste societyCatastrophic changeCapital accountCapital accumulationCapital flightCatholic CeasefireCenter-bordering areaCivil rights movementsClash of civilizationCoalition buildingCollective securityColonialism & neo-colonialismCommand economy~ massive media attentionCommon destinyCommunal disintegrationComplete prohibition & thoroughdestruction of nuclear weapons Concessional loan 优惠贷款Conciliatory mannerConflict & compromiseConsent of the governedConservative authoritarianism ConservatismConsociational democracyContested/competitive election 差额选举(equal-number /single-candidate election：等额选举)ConstructionismConsultationsContainment policyContingencyConstitutional monarchy system~ amendmentCosmopolitan communityCosmopolitanismCovenant（盟约）Conventional weaponsConvertible hard currencyCountry of one’s residence Counterbalance Counterproductive crusadeCredible monetary policyCrisis confidenceCross-border organized crime~ transactionCultural hegemonyCultural relicCurrent account(to) Deal a severe blow to DecentralizationDecision making procedureDeep-rooted/seated habitDe facto (de jure)Defense alliance(to) Defer debts(De)CentralizationDelayed repayment of capital & interest DependencyDepression, recessionDeregulated worldDerivative marketDespotism DétenteDeveloped countriesDeveloping ~Underdeveloped ~Less developed ~Direct democracyDisarmament and arms control Discernible national interest Disparity of wealthDispersed structure of power Disputed areasDistribution of benefitsDivision, tension & conflict DomesticationDomestic consensus oninternational objectives Double-edge sword functionDraft treaty 草约Drug smuggling/trafficking/pushingDual nationalityDurable goodsDuring a period of similar duration in Dutiable goods/duty-free goods（应/免税物品）Dysfunctional institutionEarly warning systemEcocideEconomic sanction~ bottom up/out~ take-off~ recessionEco-system disasterEgalitarian divisionElectoral CollegeEmpirical investigationEndangered speciesEpic-making importanceEqual opportunityEquality of economic opportunity Established principle of international law Establishment of diplomatic relationsEthnic cleansing (apartheid)Excess democracyExchange rate mechanismExchange of needed goodsExclusive economic zoneExtensive obligationsExtraditionExtraterritorial rightExtreme alternativesFundamental rightsFair economic competitionFailed paradigmFar-reaching implicationsFascismFeasibility studyFederal expenditureFeminismFinancial constraint~ industry~ sectorFiscal crisis财政危机~ stimulusFlightism（逃跑主义）Fluctuating rateForeign currency reserveForensic mattersForestallForward deployed military strategy Founding fatherFragmentationFree riderFrictionFull employment~ diplomatic relationsFully-fledged powerGenocideGeographical strategyGlobal governanceGlobalizationGross domestic productHead-on confrontationHealth CertificateHegemonic stabilityHeir apparentHolocaustHostile hegemonsHorizontal/Vertical proliferationIdeological hegemony of classical liberalism Incumbent partyIn consideration of the actual conditions IncrementalismIndividualismIntegrationInterest groupsInternationalizationInternational criminal courtInternational status~ waters~ situationIntellectual property rightsInter-bank market Interdisciplinary subjects Indiscriminate killingIndustrial revolutionImminent threat(to) Impose unilateral restrictions on Iron trianglesIrreversible natureLaunch a new initiativeLegacyLeague of NationsLandslide victory/defeatLife laneLip serviceLiquidationism (流寇主义)Low/high policy/politicsMacroeconomic policyMight is rightMainstream cultureMajority tyranny~ ruleMajoritarian democracyManifest destinyMaritime resourcesManeuverMarket accessMatters of mutual interest Maverick geniusMcCarthyismMedium-term objectivesMergers and acquisitionsMigrant workersMilestone/cornerstone/Military-industrial complex Military junta~ regime~ intervention~ encirclement~ build-up~ exercise~provocationMilitary-KeynesianismMonetary stabilityMoney launderingMulti-dimensional chess gameMutual surveillanceMutually exclusive interestsNational power and prestige~ self-determination~ comprehensive strength~ competition strength~ treatment~ referendum~ identity~ sovereignty~ mergeNazismNegative income taxNeo-liberalismNeo-realismNon-aligned movementsNordic countriesNuclear arsenalOil embargoOpportunitistOrthodoxOverseas marketPacifismPanaceaParliamentary democracyParochial prejudice ParticularizationPartisan alignmentsPatrimonial sea (承袭海)Pax-Americana美利坚治下的和平Peaceful handover of power Peacekeeping operationPer capita income/GDPPPP Purchase parity power 购买力平价Peripheral countriesPluralism Policy stasis~ mix~ instrumentsPolitical authority~ attitude~ asylum~ consensus~ consultation~ culture~ democratization~ disequilibrium~ distemper/temper~ elites~ entrepreneurs~ feasibility~ fugitive（政治逃犯）~ institutions~ isolation~ legitimacy/legitimation~ offender（政治犯）~ power~ structure~subversionPolarization of societyPopular movementPopulismPositivismPostindustrial societyPotential security concerns~ adversaryPower politics 大国政治Precision-guided bombsPredominant opinionPreemptive strikePremature conclusionPress conference 新闻发布会Primitive capital accumulationPrivate sector~ propertyProliferation of weapons of mass destruction Prospective customersProtestantPublic goods theory~ sector (private ~)Pure fabrication~ realpolitikQuarantine Office (检疫所)Racial discriminationRational allocation of resources Rationalism 理性主义Real/constant dollarReal estate speculationRecipientRegional conflict 地区冲突~ economic cooperation 地区经济合作Regionalization 地区化Regular consultationsRegulatory bureaucracyRehabilitation CenterRepressive regimeRevisionismRights and obligationsRotating chairmanSacred and inviolable rightScale economyScapegoatSecondary marketSecret ballotSeek a fair and reasonable solution Segmented marketSelf-fulfilling prophecySelf-imposed obligationSeparation of powerService the debt(to) shape the policy agendaShock therapyShort-term deficitSkepticsSlim majority in favorSlippery conceptSocial bargain~ buffer~ infrastructureSocialization(to) Solve disputes by peaceful means Spillover effectSpecial-operations forcesStaff writer 特约撰稿人Staggered electionStaple food 主食StanceStanding army~ committee(to) Start from scratchState/private sectorState/national sovereigntyStatic pie/growing pieStatus quo power (potential power) Strategic defense 战略防御~ intention~ reserve~ position~ key areaStreamlineStructural unemploymentSubmerged convictionSummit meetingSunk costSupply-side economySupranational community Suspension of negotiationsSustained/sustainable development mode Swap marketSynchronous business circlesSystem overloadTangible assetTax evasion/cut/reduction/revenue Technocrat governanceTelepathyTerritorial air~ contiguity~ dispute~ integrity~ jurisdiction~ sea~ waterslimits of ~breadth of ~Territorial and power ambition Territory properTerritorial seaTertiary industry TotalitarianTrading blocTransaction cost(to) Trigger a chain reaction Triple Entente 三国协约Twofold realizationUltimatumUnconditional surrender Universally recognized norms UniversalizationUpward social mobility~ redistribution of wealth UtilitarianismUtterly destituteVested interestV oice voteVirtuous/vicious cycleWin-win propositionZero-sum gameWaves of labor displacement ~ of business cycleXenophobiaYear-on-year growth Zionism外交机构/事务专有名词Announcement宣言Appointed ambassador to Bretton Woods Pact CommuniquéCommercial counselor’s office Consulate-general ConsulateCircular noteDe jure recognition De facto recognitionCertificate of appointmentDeclaration, manifestoDiplomatic practice~ bag, pouch（外交邮袋）~ channels~ courier（外交信使）~ envoy mission~ immunities~ personnel~ policy~ practice（外交惯例）~ privileges~ rank~ representative~ strategyBalance of power diplomacyCultural ~Energy ~Head of the state ~Human rights ~Multilateral ~During one’s absenceMinistry of Foreign AffairsEmbassy（大使馆）Legation (公使馆)Consulate-general (总领事馆)ConsulateOffice of the charge d’affaires (代办处) Accredited to …ambassador (extraordinary & plenipotentiary) 向…派（特命全权）大使Minister-counselor charge d’affaires（公使衔参赞）Military attache’s office (武官处) Commercial counselor’s office （商务处）Press section; information service （新闻处）Protocol Department (礼宾司)Information Department（新闻司）Press section, information serviceLiaison office (联络处)Ad hoc committee（特别委员会）Interim committee（临时委员会）Appropriate body（主管机构）Auxiliary body（辅助机构）Interim counselor （临时代办）Consul-general（总领事）Doyen (dean) of the diplomatic corps（外交使团团长）Roving ambassador（巡回大使）Ambassador-at-large（无任所大使）Special envoy（特使）Charge d’affaire （代办）Attache （随员）Permanent representative（常任/常驻代表）Alternate; deputy; substitute（副代表）Plenipotentiary（全权代表）Chief delegate（首席代表）Observer（观察员）Military/naval/air attaché（陆/海/空武官）His (Her, Your) Majesty（陛下）His (Her, Your) Excellency（阁下）His (Her, Your) Royal Highness（殿下）Exequatur（驻在国发给领事或商务人员的）许可证书Formal noteForeign affairsLetter of appointmentLetter of credence, credentials（国书）Memorandum, aidememoire（备忘录）Letter of introductionLetter of recall（召回公文）Mutual recognitionNormalizationTerms of reference（职权范围）Formal note（正式照会）Verbal note（普通照会）Circular note（通知照会）Summary record（摘要记录）Verbatim record（逐字记录）Persona non-grat（不受欢迎的人）Persona grata（受欢迎的人）StatementAn absolute majority（绝对多数）Simple majority（简单多数）Relative majority（相对多数）Qualified majority（特定多数）To serve as……in rotation（轮流担任）To develop the national economy To develop relations of peace & friendship, equality & mutualbenefit & prolonged stabilityTo establish consular relations建立领事关系To establish normal state relationsTo exchange ambassadors互换大使To make representations to,to take up a (the) matter with（向…交涉）To lodge a protest with（向……提出抗议）To express regret（表示遗憾）To take exception to; to object to（提出异议）An atmosphere of cordiality（诚挚友好的气氛）To make up for each other’s deficienciesTo negotiate thru diplomatic channelsTo peddle munitionsTo proceed to take up one’s post（赴任）To assume one’s post（就任）To resume charge of the office/to return to one’s post（返任）To present one’s credentialsTo request the consent ofTo resume charge of the office,to return to one’s postTo resume diplomatic relationsat ambassadorial levelTo review the guard of honor（检阅仪仗队）To safeguard national sovereignty & resources To safeguard national independence &the integrity of sovereigntyTo safeguard world peaceTo seek a fair & & reasonable solutionTo sever diplomatic relationsTo solve disputes by peaceful meansTo suspend/sever diplomatic relationsTo take concerted stepsTo take exception to, to object toTo undertake obligations in respectof the nuclear-free zoneTo upgrade diplomatic relationsTo be shocked to learn of（惊悉）To be distressed by the unhappy news of; to be deeply grieved by（恸悉）Welcoming banquet欢迎宴Reciprocal banquetReceptionCocktail partyLuncheon（午宴）All countries, big or small, should be equal.国际关系Fishery resourcesFriendly exchangesFrontier region, border region Fundamental rightsInalienability of territory（领土不可割让）Joint actionLoans with no or low interest无息贷款Maritime resourcesMerger of statesMutual understanding &mutual accommodationNational boundaryNeutral state/countrySponsor country（发起国）Host country（东道国）Inviting country（邀请国）Never to attach any conditions Normalization of relationsOuter spacePatrimonial seaPeople-to-people contacts & exchanges Plebiscite（公民投票）ProtectoratePractical, efficient, economical & convenient for use200 nautical-mile maritime rights Reduction or cancellation of debts Refugee campRight of residenceRudimentary code of international relations Secretariat（秘书处）Sole legal governmentStatus quo of the boundarySuzerain stateSuzeraintyTrusteeship 和平共处the five Principles of Peaceful coexistence mutual respect for sovereignty &territorial integritymutual non-aggressionnon-interference in each other’sinternal affairsequality & mutual benefitpeaceful coexistence国际组织ASEANAsian & Pacific CouncilCaribbean Common Market/Community Central American MarketCommunityConference of Heads of State & Government of the Organization of African Unity Conference of Developing Countries(the 77-nation group)International Confederation ofFree Trade UnionInternational Court of JusticeInternational Organization of Journalists International Red Cross ConferenceInter-Parliamentary UnionLeague of Red Cross SocietiesWorld Peace CouncilWorld Confederation of LaborNordic Council活在美国：你得知道，海外学历的英语表达方法ACCAC威尔士学历管理、教学大纲与评估委员会AICE国际高级教育证书A-level中学高级水平考试ARELS(Association of Recognised English Language Services)英语语言认证教学机构联合会AS-level中学准高级水平考试BA（Bachelor of Arts）文学学士BAC(British Accreditation Council for Independent Further and Higher Education)英国私立延续教育及高等教育认证委员会BALEAP(British Association of Lecturers in English for Academic Purposes)英国学术英语讲师协会BASELT(British Association of State English Language Teaching)英国公立英语语言教学机构协会BATQI(British Association of TESOL Qualifying Institutions)英国英语教学合格院校联合会B.Eng (Bachelor of Engineering)工程学士B.Sc.（Bachelor of Science）理学学士BTEC（Business and Technology Education Council）工商及技术教育委员会CCEA(Northern Ireland Council for the Curriculum,Examinations and Assessment)北爱尔兰教学大纲、考试与评估委员会CIFE（Conference for Independent Further Education）私立延续教育联合会COSHEP（The Committee of Scottish Higher Education Principals）苏格兰高等教育校长委员会CVCP（Committee of Vice Chancellors and Principals）大学校长委员会DENI (Department of Education Northern Ireland)北爱尔兰教育部DfEE(Department for Education and Employment)教育与就业部D.Phil(Doctor of Philosophy)哲学博士EAP（English for Academic Purposes）学术英语EAQUALS(European Association for Quality Language Service)欧洲语言教学质量服务机构EiBA( English in Britain Accreditation Scheme)英国英语认证计划EEA(European Economic Area)欧洲经济区EIS（Education In????ation Service）教育信息服务处ELSIS（English Language Service for International Students）外国学生英语语言教学ELT(English Language Training)英语语言培训ESL(English as a Second Language)英语外语教学ESP(English for Specific Purposes)专用英语FE（Further Education)延续教育GCSE（General Certificate of Secondary Education）普通中等教育证书GMAT(General Management Admission Test)管理专业入学考试GNVQ（General National Vocational Qualification）全国通用职业资格GSVQ（General Scottish Vocational Qualification）苏格兰通用职业资格GTTR（Graduate Teacher Training Registry）毕业教师培训注册处HE（Higher Education）高等教育HEFCE（Higher Education Funding Council for England）英格兰高等教育基金管理委员会HEFCW（Higher Education Funding Council for Wales）威尔士高等教育基金管理委员会HND（Higher National Diploma）国家高等教育文凭IB（International Baccalaureate）国际高中毕业考试IELTS（International English Language Testing System）国际英语语言测试系统(简称雅思)ISC（Independent Schools Council）私立学校委员会IGCSE(International GCSE)国际普通中等教育证书Independent Schools Council私立学校委员会ISIS（Independent Schools In????ation Service）私立学校信息服务处LCCI（London Chamber of Commerce & Industry）伦敦工商会LEA（Local Education Authority）地方教育局LLM(Master of Law) 法学硕士MA（Master of Arts）文学硕士MBA(Master of Business Administration)工商管理硕士M.Chem(Master of Chemistry)化学硕士M.Ed(Master of Education)教育硕士M.Eng. (Master of Engineering)工程硕士M.Phil.(Master of Philosophy)研究硕士M.Phys(Master of Physics)物理硕士M.Sc.(Master of Science)理学硕士M.Res.(Master of Research)研究硕士M.Sci(Master of Science)理学硕士（本科水平）NARIC(National Academic Recognition In????ation Centre)全国学术认证信息中心NHS(National Health Service)国民保健体系NISS(National In????ation Services and Systems)全国信息服务系统NUS(National Union of Students)全国学生联合会NVQ(National Vocational Qualification)全国职业证书ODA(Overseas Development Administration)海外发展管理局OFSTED(Office for Standards in Education)教育标准办公室PGCE(Postgraduate Certificate in Education)教育学研究生证书PAM (Professions Allied to Medicine)医学有关职业PGCE(Postgraduate Certificate in Education)（教育学研究生文凭）PG Cert(Postgraduate Certificate)研究生文凭PG Dip.(Postgraduate Diploma)研究生文凭Ph.D.(Doctor of Philosophy)哲学博士QAA(Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education)高等教育质量保障局QCA(Qualifications and Curriculum Authority)教学大纲和学历管理委员会RAE(Research Assessment Exercise)科研水平评估SCE(Scottish Certificate of Education)苏格兰教育证书SEED(Scottish ????utive Education Department)苏格兰执行教育部SCE (Scottish Certificate of Education )苏格兰教育证书SHEFC(Scottish Higher Education Funding Council)苏格兰高等教育基金管理委员会SQA(Scottish Qualifications Authority)苏格兰学历管理委员会SVQ(Scottish Vocational Qualifications)苏格兰职业资格TQA( Teaching Quality Assessment)教学质量评估TEFL(Teaching English as a ForeignLanguage)英语外语教学TAE(Teaching Assessment Exercise)教学质量评估TESOL (Teaching English to Speakersof Other Language )面向母语为非英语者的英语教学课程TOEFL(Test of English as a ForeignLanguage)英语外语考试（简称托福）TOEIC (Test of English forInternational Communication)国际英语考试UCAS((Universities and CollegesAdmission Service)高等院校招生办公室UKCOSA (The Council forInternational Education)英国国际教育委员11。
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政治类英语词汇politics 政治constitution 宪法legislation 立法Democrats 民主党Republicans 共和党Amendment 修正案Congress 美国国会Senate 参议院House of Representatives 众议院monarchy 君主制anarchism 无政府主义federal system 联邦制presidential system 总统制municipal 市的，市政的metropolitan 大都市的centralized 中央集权的ideology 意识形态tariff 关税immigrant 移民institutionalize 机构化election 选举vote 投票poll 投票，投票数，民意测验office holding 任职veto 否决American Revolution 美国革命/独立战争Independence War 美国独立战争American Civil War 美国内战radical 激进的,根本的overturning 颠覆性的independent 独立的breathtaking 激动人心的military 军事的colonize 拓殖，殖民per capita 人均treason 叛国conspiracy 阴谋imprisonment 监禁release 释放pardon 特赦accusation 谴责，指控welfare 福利patronage 资助，赞助unionization 联合，结合列举一些常见诸报端的外来语：attache [法语] 随行人员glasnost [俄语] 公开性；开放jujitsu [日语] 柔术karate [日语] 空手道laissez-faire [法语] 自由主义Lebensraum [德语] 生存空间per annum [拉丁语] 每年rapport [法语] 和睦；友好rendezvous [法语] 约会(地点) sumo [日语相扑karaoke; judo; per capita; tai chi chuan; tsunami英语报刊中经常借用的人名、物名、建筑物名称乃至别名等专有名词多属习常见惯的。
如：Big Apple (大苹果)美国纽约市Big Board (纽约证券交易所的大行情板)纽约证券所／纽约股市Broadway (百老汇大街)美国或纽约市商业性戏剧(业)City of Angels (天使城)洛杉矶City of Brotherly Love (博爱城)费城City by the Golden Gate (金门城)旧金山市Crescent City (新月城)新奥尔良市Dice City (赌城)(美国以夜总会和赌场著称的)拉斯韦加斯市Empire State (帝国州)纽约州Fun City (逍遥城)纽约市Golden State (黄金州)加利福尼亚州Hollywood (好莱坞)美国电影业；美国电影界Hub of the Universe (宇宙中心)波士顿市Madison Avenue( 美国广告业中心)麦迪逊大街美国广告业／美国商业Mother of Presidents (总统之母)美国弗吉尼亚州或俄亥俄州Steel City (钢城)匹兹堡市Windy City (多风城)芝加哥市White House(白宫)美国政府；美国总统the City [(英国首都伦敦市中心)伦敦城] 英国商业界；英国金融界Fleet Street (舰队街)英国新闻界Scotland Yard (苏格兰场；伦敦警察局)伦敦警方Elysee [(法国总统官邱)爱丽舍宫]法国政府；法国总统Maginot Line [(第二次大战前法国所筑防御阵地体系)马其诺防线]盲目行动；迷恋于维持现状Quai d'Orsay [(法国外交部附近地名)凯道赛码头]法国外交部；法国外交政策；法国政府Bermuda／Bermuda Triangle [百慕大(魔鬼)三角]危险的禁区Horn of Africa (非洲之角)索马里和埃塞俄比亚cancer-causing drug 致癌药物policy-making body 决策机构Peace-keeping force 维和部队Oil-producing country 产油国long-standing issue 由来己久的问题wide-spreading AIDS 到处蔓延的艾滋病高级官员high-ranking official深远意义far-reaching significance blood-cemented friendship 鲜血凝成的友谊贫困地区poverty-stricken area外向型经济export-oriented economy deep-rooted social problems 根深蒂固的社会问题quick-frozen food 速冻食品外资企业foreign-owned enterprise愁眉苦脸的失业者long-faced job loser dimly-lit room 光线昏暗的房间well-informed source 消息灵通人士薪水丰厚的工作richly-paid job尖端技术highly-sophisticated technology inflation-proof deposit 保值储蓄vehicle-free promenade/ street 步行街无息贷款interest-free loanlabor-intensive enterprise 劳动力密集型企业arms-reduction talks 裁军谈判year-end report 年终报告labor-management conflict 劳资冲突供求失调supply-demand imbalance long-term，low-interest loan 长期低息贷款top-level talk 最高级会谈fair-trade agreement 互惠贸易协定远程核导弹long-range nuclear missile •100-metre dash 百米赛跑one-man government 独裁政府one-way street 单向道21-gun salute 21响礼炮•face-to-face talk 会晤；面晤hand-to-mouth pay 温饱工资•地对空导弹ground-to-air missile•dusk-to-dawn curfew 彻夜宵禁•touch-and-go affair 一触即发的局势middle-of-the-road policy 中立政策be-kind-to-animal campaign 保护动物运动see-while-you-talk phone 可视电话•good-to-excellent care; 无微不至的关怀;•on-the-spot interview现场采访on-the-job training; 在职培训;one-country-two-system policy一国两制的政策China‘s actual conditions be honest in performing one’s official duties build a clean and honest government; construction of a clean government abuse of power for personal gain；misuse of power for private interestcorruption reporting centre be responsible for one's own profit and loss jack up price single youth above the normal matrimonial agehigh-tech business incubator; pioneer park创业园中国国情廉洁奉公廉政建设以权谋私举报中心自负盈亏哄抬物价大龄青年“物质文明”（material progress ）、“精神文明”（intellectual and ideological development）、“宰客”（rip off）、“打白条”（issue IOUs）、“关系网”（network of personal connections ）、“下海”（risk one’s fortune in business）、“跳槽”（job-hop）euthanasia（安乐死），AIDS, elevated highways （高架道路），information superhighway，cell phone，value-added tax （增值税），hula hoop（呼拉圈），surfing （冲浪运动），talk show（访谈节目；谈话类节目) lucky draw vicious circle Yangtze River delta tax avoidanceLocalization settling-in allowance interdisciplinary talentjerry-built project worse off than some, better off than manyfight corruption and build a clean government real estate marketComfortable Housing Project distribution according to one's performance to buy a house on mortgage; to mortgage a house抽奖恶性循环长江三角洲避税本土化；本地化安家费复合型人才豆腐渣工程比上不足，比下有余反腐倡廉房地产市场安居工程按劳分配按揭购房Service industry/ service trade Pet clinic Inter-city train Green handMultinational company Passive smoking; second-hand smokingCopyright reserved Money worship Start from scratchcentury-old shop Host country countdown Crack down on fake products Protective umbrellafind a sugar daddy; be a mistress for a rich man; lean on a moneybag窗口行业宠物医院城际列车菜鸟，新手跨国公司被动吸烟版权所有拜金主义白手起家百年老店东道国倒计时打假保护伞傍大款。