基于51单片机的温度测量仪的设计

摘要：单片微型计算机(Single Chip Microcomputer)简称单片机,又称MCU(Micro Controller Unit),是将计算机的基本部分微型化,使之集成在一块芯片上的微机.片内含有CPU、ROM、RAM、并行I/O、串行I/O、定时器/计数器、中断控制、系统时钟及系统总线等。

随着科技的发展，单片机已不是一个陌生的名词，它的出现是近代计算机技术发展史上的一个重要里程碑，因为单片机的诞生标志着计算机正式形成了通用计算机系统和嵌入式计算机系统两大分支。单片机单芯片的微小体积和低的成本，可广泛地嵌入到如玩具、家用电器、机器人、仪器仪表、汽车电子系统、工业控制单元、办公自动化设备、金融电子系统、舰船、个人信息终端及通讯产品中，成为现代电子系统中最重要的智能化工具。

本文所涉及的是市场占有率最高的是MCS—51系列，因为世界上很多知名的IC生产厂家都生产51兼容的芯片。生产MCS—51系列单片机的厂家如美国AMD公司、ATMEL公司、INTEL公司、WINBOND公司、PHILIPS公司、ISSI公司、TEMIC公司及南韩的LG公司、日本NEC、西门子公司等。到目前为止，MCS—51单片机已有数百个品种，还在不断推出功能更强的新产品。

关键字：单片机 A/D 温度测控MCS-80C51

Based on the temperature of the 51 SCM measurement instrument

Abstract: Single Chip Microcomputer hereinafter referred to as the single chip microcomputer,also known as MCU(Micro Controller Unit), the computer is the basic part of miniaturization, make integration on a single chip microcomputer. Piece contains CPU、ROM、RAM、Parallel I/O、serial ports I/O、the timer/counter、interrupt control、The system clock and the system bus, etc.

With the development of technology, SCM is not a strange nouns,, It is the emergence of the history of modern computer technology, Because the birth of the single chip microcomputer marks formal form the computer general computer systems and embedded computer system two branches. Single chip microcontroller tiny size and low cost, Can be widely embedded in such as toys household appliances robot instruments automotive electronic industrial control unit office automation equipment financial electronic system ship terminals and personal information communication product, become a modern electronic system is the most important intelligent tool.

This paper is related to the market share is the highest MCS 51 series, because much of the world famous IC manufacturers are production 51 compatible chip production MCS 51 series microcontroller manufacturers such as the AMD ATMEL company INTEL company WINBOND company PHILIPS company TEMIC company and South Korea ISSIcompany LG company Japan NEC Siemens ag, etc so far, MCS 51 SCM has hundreds of species, also in continuously introduce more powerful new products.

Key word: single chip A/D temperature measurement and control MCS-80 C51

目录

一. 选题背景 (1)

1.单片机的历史 (1)

2.MCS-51单片机应用 (4)

3.芯片的介绍 (4)

二. 方案论证 (6)

1 A/D转换原理 (6)

（1）逐次逼近式转换原理 (6)

（2）积分转换原理 (6)

2 A/D转换器的主要性能指标和参数 (8)

（1）分辨率(Resolution) (8)

（2）量化误差(Quantizing Error) (8)

（3）线性度(Linearity) (9)

（4）绝对精度(Absolute Accuracy) (9)

（5）转换时间(Conversion Time) (9)

3 A/D转换器的基本工作原理及器件介绍 (9)

三. 过程论述 (11)

1.数据定标 (11)

2.信号放大 (13)

四. 结果分析 (14)

五. 总结 (15)

六. 致谢 (16)

七. 附录 (17)

八.参考文献 (20)