高中英语特殊句式

}+情态动词/助动词/be + 主语

专题十一 特殊句式

一、考纲解读

考点1.倒装

2.强调

3.省略

4.主谓一致

5.反意疑问句

6.there be 句型

重点：1把握各种特殊句式在具体语境中的运用

2.掌握主谓一致的灵活运用

二、知识归纳

1.倒装

（1）完全倒装 谓语动词完全放到主语之前

① there be （stand ，lie ，exist...）句型

Eg ：there is a garden behind the house

②表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语放在句首（here ，there ,now, then, up, down, in the room,on the wall,out, off ... ）

Eg: Here comes the bus.(△当主语是代词时，主谓不倒装，如Here it is)

Away went the girl

③表语位于句首时，其倒装结构为“英语+连系动词+主语“

e.g. Present at the meeting were same scientists from China. (形容词作表语)

Gone are the days when we were poor. (过去分词作表语)

In each room are ten students. (介词短语作表语)

（2）部分倒装，只把谓语的一部分（助动词，情态动词）置于主语之前

①含否定意义的副词never, not, nor, hardly, seldom, not only…but(also)…，not until 及含有no 的词或短语放在句首，结构为：表否定意义的词/词组+助动词/情态动词/be+主语+谓动+…

e.g. Never before have I seen such a moving film.

Not until he returned did we have supper.

② only+副词/介词短语/状语从句+助动词/情态动词/ be+主语+谓语动词+…

e.g. Only then did I realize that I was wrong.

Only in this way can you improve your pronunciation.

Only when he returned did we find out the truth. (主句倒装)

△Only 修饰主语时，句子不倒装。 e.g. Only he can help you.

③ So （也）

Neither/Nor(也不)

e.g. Y ou can swim, so can he.

I have never been to abroad, neither (nor) has he.

——He likes watch ing football matches but he doesn’t like playing football.

一 So it is (the same) with sb. (有两个谓语动词时作答语用，表示“也”) Tom is thirteen. so is Lucy.(Lucy 也13岁。前后指两个人) so he is.(他(Tom)的确13岁。前后指一个人)

④频度副词often, always, many a time 等置于句首，句子用部分倒装

e.g. Often do I tell her about my life here.

⑤虚拟语气条件中省略if，把were，had或should放在主语前，构成倒装

e.g. Were I you (=If I were you ), I would take his advice.

⑥So(Such)…that…句型，So（Such）置句首时用倒装

e.g. So fast does he run. Tha t I can’t catch up with him.

Such a clever boy is he that he can work out this exercise easily.

(3) 其它倒装结构

①as/though 引导的让步状语从句 adj/adv/名词/动词+as/though+主语+…

e.g. Successful as/though he is, he is not proud.

Child as he is, he knows to help others.

Object as you may, I’ll go.

②may表祝愿

May you succeed!

May our friendship live forever!

2.强调

(1) It is /was +被强调部分+that/who +句子剩余成分

强调人用that/who，强调物用that

所强调的可以是单词，短语，也可以是从句，但结构要完整

被强调的成分是主语、宾语、状语，但不能是定语或谓语

e.g. It is I who/that am right. (主语)

It was Lucy that we met at the school gate. （宾语）

It was in the park that Tom lost his watch. (状语)

（2）强调句型的一般疑问句：Is/Was it +被强调部分+that/who+其他成分？

e.g. Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?

Is it professor Wang that / who teaches you English?

(3) 强调句型的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句词+is/was + it +that +其他成分？

e.g. Who was it that broke the window?

When was it that you called me yesterday?

What is it that you want me to do?

(4) 有时可用It might be …that…或It must have been …that… 句型表强调

e.g. It might be his father that you’re thinking o

f.

It must have been his brother that you saw.

(5) not…until…句型的强调句：It is/was not until… that+其他部分

e.g. It was not unti l ten o’clock that he wen to bed.

(6) 强调句型中的it与作形式主语的it比较

去掉It/was 和that，剩余成分仍能构成一个完整句子，就是强调句型，否则就不是

e.g. It is there that accidents often happen.

→Accidents often happen there. 事故经常在那里发生。

It is clear that not all boys like football.

→Clear not all boys like football. (不是完整句子结构，因此这不是强调句)