英语国家社会与文化第四版上册翻译第七章翻译
新编大学英语第四册Unit7
Are teachers proud of their educational achievement with their students according to professor Jocab Neusner ?
Sample
No, they take no pride in their educational achievement with their students. The speaker thinks that they have prepared students for a world that does not exist and students have spent four years supposing that failure leaves no record, which is not true in the world, so he says there is nothing to take pride in.
British statesman
One of the benefits of a college education is to show the boy its little avail.
Waldo Emerson (1803-1882), U.S. essayist, poet, philosopher
Watch the video part then discuss those questions with your classmates.
Quote:
A University should be a place of light, of liberty, and
of learning.
Benjamin Disraeli (1804-1881),
中职英语第四册—Unit 7 Environmental Protection
Unit 7 Environmental ProtectionListening1. 教学重点考查学生识别、理解单词和词组与简单的事实性信息的能力。
2. 教学建议A 本部分主要包含五组发音相似的单词，每组的三个单词都包含相同的音节。
主要以此考察学生分辨音节的能力。
①做每组练习之前，教师可以让学生先快速浏览给出的五组单词，并建议学生默念单词。
提醒学生在放第一遍录音时选择正确的答案，在放第二遍录音时确认选择的答案。
②放第一遍录音，要求学生在放第一遍录音时选择正确的答案。
③放第二遍录音，要求学生在播放录音时再次确认选择的答案。
每组单词之间给出学生2~3秒钟的时间快速浏览下一题。
④教师核对答案，可以以提问的形式或自由回答的形式与学生互动，纠正错误，解决学生对答案的疑问。
注：第二遍录音可以根据学生的反馈以及学生的程度来决定是否播放。
B 本部分主要包含五段简短对话。
要求学生在播放录音的过程中选出所提问题的正确答案。
主要考察学生对细节的把握及推理能力。
①做练习之前，教师可以让学生先快速浏览每个问题的选项，让学生猜测可能的问题。
②放第一遍录音，要求学生在放第一遍录音时了解对话的大体意思。
③放第二遍录音前，提醒学生在录音播放过程中选择答案。
④放第二遍录音，要求学生在录音播放过程中确认答案。
⑤教师核对答案，可以以提问的形式或自由回答的形式与学生互动，纠正错误，解决学生对答案的疑问。
C 本部分主要包含五个句子的听写，主要考察学生对整句话的理解以及快速拼写的能力。
①做练习之前，教师可以提醒学生在放第一遍录音时了解每句话的大体意思。
②放第一遍录音，要求学生在放第一遍录音时了解文章的意思，并且记录句中的关键词汇和短语。
③放第二遍录音前，提醒学生在录音播放过程中记录下连贯的句子。
④放第二遍录音，要求学生在录音播放过程中记录下连贯的句子，每句之间给出5~10秒的时间整理答案。
⑤教师核对答案，可以以提问的形式或自由回答的形式与学生互动，纠正错误解决学生对答案的疑问。
智慧树知到《英语国家社会与文化(吉林联盟)》章节测试答案
智慧树知到《英语国家社会与文化（吉林联盟）》章节测试答案第一章1、Britain doesn’t share any land border with any other countries except ( ).A:the Republic of IrelandB:FranceC:IcelandD:Norway正确答案：the Republic of Ireland2、( ) is known for its Roman-built baths and also its Georgian architecture.A:LondonB:BathC:LiverpoolD:Manchester正确答案：Bath3、”The Athens of the North” refers to ( ).A:GlasgowB:AberdeenC:EdinburghD:Dundee正确答案：Edinburgh4、Scotland is known as “The Land of Green”.A:对B:错正确答案：错5、Ireland is part of Great BritainA:对B:错正确答案：错6、In Britain, the temperature in summer is very high.A:对B:错正确答案：错第二章1、When did Philip II of Spain send the Spanish Armada against England? A:1533B:1571C:1588D:1603正确答案：15882、The Romans invaded Britain from 43 AD to 410.A:对B:错正确答案：对3、Which of the following tribes first came to Britain?A:AnglesB:SaxonsC:JutesD:Teutons正确答案：Jutes4、Excalibur is the name of a sword King Arthur pulled from the stone. A:对B:错正确答案：对5、Robin Hood, a legendary outlaw, was a contemporary of King ( ). A:AlfredB:JohnC:William ID:Henry I正确答案：John第三章1、Old Faithful is the most famous geyser in ( ).A:Yellowstone National ParkB:Yosemite National ParkC:the Everglades National ParkD:the Painted Desert National Park正确答案：A2、Niagara Falls lies between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.A:对B:错正确答案：A3、In 1607 the Virginia Company sent 105 men to America, they finally landed on the banks of the James River in present-day ( ).A:BostonB:VirginiaC:GeorgiaD:New York State正确答案：B4、To the west of mainland America lies the ( ).A:Atlantic OceanB:Pacifica OceanC:Indian OceanD:Arctic Ocean正确答案：B5、The “Barn of America “refers to the Mississippi River Basin.A:对B:错正确答案：A第四章1、Who is the president who refused to be elected for the third term?A:Thomas Jefferson.B:George Washington.C:Abraham Lincoln.D:Franklin Delano Roosevelt.正确答案：B2、Thomas Jefferson is the second president of the United of State.A:对B:错正确答案：B3、The Emancipation Proclamation announced that slavery in the rebellious states would be abolished from January 1, 1863 and that slaves would become free men.A:对B:错正确答案：A4、What is the miserable economic crisis in America in 1929 called?A:The Great Depression.B:The Great Crisis.C:The Great Economic Crisis.D:The Great Economic Depression.正确答案：A5、Burns night is celebrated with suppers of hash brown and whisky.A:对B:错正确答案：B第五章1、Guy Fawkes Night originated from Gunpowder plot of 1605.A:对B:错正确答案：A2、The haggis is a traditional ( )food.A:ScottishB:WelshC:IrishD:Angles正确答案：A3、The shamrock is a popular symbol of ( ).A:Guy Fawkes NightB:St. Patrick’s DayC:EasterD:Eisteddfod正确答案：B4、Memorial Day honors those soldiers who died while in military service. A:对B:错正确答案：A5、Easter commemorates ( ).A:the birth of Jesus ChristB:the Crucifixion of Jesus ChristC:the coming of springD:the Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus Christ正确答案：D第六章1、( ) is the only country in the world that occupies a whole continent. A:New ZealandB:AustraliaC:AmericaD:Canada正确答案：B2、Australia Day is celebrated every year on ( ).A:January 6B:January 16C:January 26D:July 26正确答案：C3、Tasmania is Australia’s largest island.A:对B:错正确答案：A4、Jenolan Caves are the oldest discovered open caves in the world. A:对B:错正确答案：A5、Canberra is a picturesque city on the banks of ( ).A:Lake Burley GriffinB:River MurrayC:River DarlingD:River Brisbane。
英语国家社会与文化入门上册unit课件
The courseware provides an overview of the major political parties, election processes, and the role of citizens in the political system.
American history
Summary
The courseware provides an overview of American history, starting from the early settlement of the country to the present day. It covers key events, people, and themes that have shaped the development of American society.
The American education system
Summary: This section of the courseware provides an overview of the American education system, including its structure, financing, and key educational policies.
03
Canadian Society and Culture
Canadian history
• Summary: The courseware provides an overview of the historical development of Canada, including the country's early settlement, the French and British colonial periods, and the establishment of the Dominion of Canada.
英语国家社会与文化入门(上册)知识要点汇总
Unit1.（选择、判断、填空）1.The flag of Britain : Union Jack 2.3.The time joining the British parliament:However, in 1707 by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments, Scotland joined the Union.4.Difference between the British Isles ,UK, Great Britain , and England:●British Isles:the island of Great Britainthe island of Irelandsurrounding isles●UK=Great Britain + Northern Ireland●Great Britain =England +Scotland + Wales5.The four major invasions in the history of Great Britain :At first, England was occupied by Celtic people.Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman empire.Result: England and Wales became a part of the Roman empire for nearly 400 years. the Angle-Saxon invaded.Result: The land they lived became" Angle-land",later changed into England, the language they spoken became English.the Vikings invaded.Result in a certain cultural divide between northerners and southerners in England, which can be expressed as "Saxon" versus "Dane".the Normans , William of Normandy invaded this country.Result: This marks the last time that an army from outside the British Isles succeeded in invadingLondon: (P18)Unit2（选择、判断、填空）Northern Ireland (often called "U lster"a fter an ancient Irish kingdom)1.Activities to seek Irish independence :●Home -rule●The Easter Rising of 1916: was the most spectacular event, in which the rebelstook over Dublin's Post Office, forcing the British to retake it by military means.2.Political parties:●the Sinn Fein party legal●SDLP: Social Democratic and Labour Party●IRA: Irish Republican Army (illegal)3.Political troubles in Northern Ireland (famous):●Indigenous Roman Catholics vs. Protestant immigrates●Partition(分割) : The southern 26 counties would form an independent "freestate", while the 6 north-eastern counties would remain a part of the UK.(即26 Republic Ireland ,6 Northern Ireland )4.the Good Friday Agreement :(了解下，P36)Unit 31.Process of state building:The process of state-building has been one of evolution rather than revolution.2.The oldest institution of government in Britain :Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.3.Divine right of kings :It was held that the sovereign derived his authority from God, not from his subjects.4.Magna Carta :limits on the king's ability to abuse his royal power.5.the Bill of Rights :ensured that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament. ( William of Orange 时期)6.The Constitution :(P49)7.The functions of parliament :（P49）8.Parliament:●The queen : (symbolised ,traditional )She is legally head of the executive, an integral part of the legislature, head of the judiciary, commander in chief of the armed forces and "s upreme governor"of the Church of England，a confidante to the Prime Minister（了解下）●The House of Lords ：do not receive salaries ，both sexist and elitist (了解下)Lords Spiritual hereditary peersLords Temporal life peers●The House of Commons (P49) 重要Unit41.The importance of general elections:(P67) 重要2.The electoral campaigns :(P67)3.The formation of the government :(P67)4.The class system in the UK:(P67)5.Ethnic relations in the UK:(P67) 了解下6.The main political parties in the UK:●The Conservative party (newest) : setting up the National Health Service●The Labour party: From 1979 to 1997, the Conservative Party won 4 elections in row ●The Liberal Democrats: a party of the "middle"Margaret-Thatcher 改革(There were also negative consequences) 了解下Unit5(判断、选择、填空)1、Absolute Decline2、Relative Decline of the UK economy: (P81) 重要3、the reason for its relative decline :(了解下)the country had gone heavily into debt in order to finance the warthe era of empire was overLarge military expensesOutdated industries and less-competitive productsA lack of close relationship between industry and banks4.The division of British industries :Primary industries (mining industry 矿业)Secondary industries (steelindustry钢铁业)Tertiary industries (insurance 保险，the selling of goods)5.The City: The name given to the historic area at the centre of London6.The London Stock Exchange: The heart of the City（伦敦的中心是伦敦城，伦敦城的中心是伦敦证券交易所）Unit6（填空、选择、判断）1.Beowulf :One of the oldest of these early "Old English" literary works is a long poem from Anglo-Saxon times called Beowulf.2.Geoffrey Chaucer：The Canterbury Tales3.Elizabethan Drama:Marlowe ：The Tragical History of Dr FaustusWilliam Shakespeare ：The Taming of the ShrewHamlet A Midsummer Night's Dream tragedies Othello（重要）King Lear The TempestMacbeth.history plays：Richard III, Richard II, Henry IV, and Henry V. Julius Caesar，Antony and Cleopatra4.The 17th Century:John Milton : Paradise Lost5.The 18th Century:Jonathan Swift : Gulliver's Travels6.The Romantic Period:William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge：Lyrical Ballads （marked the beginning of the Romantic Period. ）George Gordon, Lord ByronThree men John KeatsPercy Bysshe Shelley7.The Nineteenth Century Novel:Mary Shelley: FrankensteinSense and SensibilityJane Austen Pride and PrejudiceEmmaCharlotte : Jane Eyrethe Bronte sisters Emily: Wuthering HeightsAnnElizabeth Gaskell : North and SouthOliver TwistCharles Dickens David CopperfieldGreat ExpectationsThe Return of the NativeThomas Hardy Tess of the D’UrbervillesJude the Obscure8.Female writers in the 19th century of Britain:Mary ShelleyJane Austenthe Bronte sistersElizabeth Gaskell9.20th Century Literature :Twentieth century literature can be broadly divided into two stylistic periods: Modernism, and Postmodernism.Joseph Conrad ：The Heart of DarknessMrs. DallowayVirginia Woolf To the LighthouseOrlandoA Room of One's OwnD. H. Lawrence : Sons and LoversUnit71.The purpose of the British education system:①provide children with literacy and the other basic skills②socialise children③children are taught practical skills④learn the rules and values⑤participate in the community⑥contribute to the economic prosperity of an advanced industrial economy.2.The influence of the church on schooling:●education was voluntary and many of the schools that existed were set up bychurches.●religious education was the only subject●Daily prayers and singing hymns is still a regular part of school life3.The National Curriculum：●All children throughout the country must study the following subjects: English,mathematics, science, religious education, history, geography, technology, music, art, physical education, and a modern foreign language.●All children throughout the country must pass national tests and schools.●All teachers are told what to teach and their schools are now ranked according tohow well they perform this task.4.State school:93% of pupils receive free education from the public sector.5.Independent school(public schools/ private school):Independent schools are not part of the national education system.Etor schoolLarrow schoolWinchester collegeprehensive school:Entrance exams were abolished.Such schools provide a general education. Pupils can study everything from academic subjects like literature and sciences, to more practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.7.Grammar school：Those who show academic potential are admitted to the grammar schools where the emphasis is on advanced academic work rather than the more general curriculum of the comprehensive schools.8.GCSE：General Certificate of Secondary Education9.GCEA：General Certificate of Education-Advanced10.GNVQs：General National V ocational Qualifications11.The universities in Britain：British universities are public bodies，except one university, the University ofBuckingham.12.The Open University：The Open University offers a non-traditional route for people to take university level courses and receive a university degree , through textbooks, tv and radio broadcasts, correspondence, videos, residential schools and a network of study centres.Unit81.Countries to establish UN:2.The permanent members of the UN Security Council:the Soviet Union, the United States, China ,France, UK3.The foundations of Britain's foreign policy:The contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influenced by its imperial history and also by its geopolitical traits4.The making of Britain's foreign policy:(P128)5.The relationship between Britain and the EU (P128)The decision joined the EEC ( psychological , natural , controversial )The UK has always been less enthusiastic about giving up its national sovereignty to a European government.6.The commonwealth:Britain is also a member of the Commonwealth, a voluntary association of states . There are 50 members of the Commonwealthhich is made up mostly of former British colonies.7.NATO ( North Atlantic Treaty Organisation ) :protect member states against aggressionThe purpose of NATO provide a foundation for security in Europeprovide a forum for transatlantic defence cooperation8.Special relationship with US: has gone through many up and downs9.Independent nuclear weapons capability:Britain is a traditional sea power.Unit91.The division of British media: （降序排列）①TV②Newspaper (In Britain, most advertising is carried in newspapers)③Radio④Magazine2.The functions of the British media:①Entertainment②Provide British people with information about political and social issues③Provide weather reports④Carry advertising⑤Used for educational purposes⑥Provide a forum for people to write letters or phone in to express their views or seek advice⑦Help Britain engender national culture3.Oldest newspaper:The world's oldest national newspaper : The ObserverThe British oldest daily newspaper: The TimesThe very names of British newspapers-The Times, The Observer, The Guardian—still suggest that the function of the paper is to offer the electorate objective reports about what is happening in the country4.Papers issued internationally:The Financial Times is printed in Frankfurt, France, Hong Kong, New Jersey, Los Angeles, Tokyo and Madrid. ( (Daily)Telegraph / The News of the World )5.Quality press and gutter press:The Daily TelegraphThe Times The Sun gutter pressThe Guardian Quality pressThe Observer6.Fleet street:It is also known as the Street of Shame7.BBC:(P144)Unit101.Sports born in Britain :Cricket, football, lawn tennis, golf, rugbyFA Cup:(Football Association Cup)2.Football violent sportGentle sport3.Tennis WimbledonWimbledon is where the world's best players gather to compete on grass courts. It is one of the major events of the British sporting calendar and probably the most famous tennis event in the world.4. Cricket:Cricket was one of the very first team sports in Britain to have organised rules and to be played according to the same rules nationally.5. Golf:The game of golf was invented by the Scottish.6. Horse sports:Flat racing●Horse racing steeplechasingThe Grand NtionalThe Royal Asot : people usually dress up and show off their fashionable cloth and elaborate hats for the social event●Equestrianism●Hunting7. Three traditions of Christmas:(P163)●the Christmas Pantomime●the Queen's Christmas message●the Boxing Day : Traditionally, it was on Boxing Day that people gave Christmasgifts or money to their staff or servants.8. Religious holiday:crucifixion n and resurrection of Jesus Christ EasterChristmas9.National Holidays:-----Queen's Birthday"trooping the colour" around Buckingham Palace10.Holidays in the 4 nations:.. .. .. ..●England:Guy Fawkes Night (the Bonfire Night, celebrated in November)●Northern Ireland:St Patrick's Day(March 17)Orange Marches,Battle of the Boyne (July 12)●Scotland:Hogmanay (12.31)Burns Supper(1.25)Halloween (10.31)●Wales:。
新视野大学英语第四册-unit7A-The-coming-energy-crisis
Unit 7The coming energy crisis日益逼近的能源危机Two hundred years ago, the world experienced an energy revolution that launched the Industrial Age. Ever since then, with the rapid increase of population density, the industrialized world's thirst for energy has more than tripled. Petroleum and natural gas are exploited as versatile and high quality energy products. Uranium is also tapped to fuel nuclear reactors and provide atomic energy.两百年前，全球经历了一场能源革命，由此引发了工业时代的到来。
从那时起，随着人口密度的迅速增加，工业国家对于能源的需求成倍成倍增加。
石油和天然气被看作是用途多、质量好的能源产品而得到开发，而铀也得以开发，为核反应堆提供燃料并供应原子能源。
Cheap energy is the lifeblood of human society. But there is a dark side to the near monopoly of non-renewable fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas, along with controversial uranium, to supply our growing energy demands. The supply of these fuels is physically limited, and their use threatens our health and environment. Multiple international treaties have been proposed to limit the use of fossil fuels for this very reason. Fears of global warming aside, burning fossil fuels releases chemicals andparticulates that can cause breathing problems, cancer as well as brain and nerve damage. Nuclear energy, once hailed as "too cheap to meter", has never been economically successful when all costs are factored in. Furthermore, public opinion polls show nuclear energy is too closely associated with disasters like the Chernobyl reactor meltdown and the Fukushima explosion, and with the danger that: rebel insurgents could do damage with the toxic waste. Inexpensive and seemingly abundant non-renewable energy from dead plants and extinct animals fueled the 20th century economy, but geologists, climatologists, environmentalists, and many others are warning that the honeymoon may soon be over.廉价能源是人类社会的命脉。
英语国家社会与文化入门
Unit1.1. What was the British Empire? What do you know about it? In what way is the empire still felt in Britain and in the international field?<1>British Empire overseas territories linked to Great Britain in a variety of constitutional relationships, established over a period of three centuries. The establishment of the empire resulted primarily from commercial and political motives and emigration movements (see imperialism); its long endurance resulted from British command of the seas and preeminence in international commerce, and from the flexibility of British rule. At its height in the late 19th and early 20th cent., the empire included territories on all continents, comprising about one quarter of the world's population and area.The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom, that had originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries.In the international field, Britain has great voice in politics, economy and culture and so on.2. Why does the author say that it is not possible to sum up the British people with a few simple phrases?3.”british history has been a history of invasion”. Please illustrate this point with the examples from the text. How did each of the invasions influence English culture?The four major invasions in the history of Great Britain:At first, England was occupied by Celtic people.Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman Empire.Result: England and Wales became a part of the Roman Empire for nearly 400 years.The Angle-Saxon invaded.Result: The land they lived became" Angle-land",later changed into England, the language they spoken became English.the Vikings invaded.Result in a certain cultural divide between northerners and southerners in England, which can be expressed as "Saxon" versus "Dane".The Normans, William of Normandy invaded this country.Result: This marks the last time that an army from outside the British Isles succeeded in invading4. What are some general characteristics of Scotland? How did Scotland become part of the union of Great Britain?5. Decribe characteristics of Wales and Wales’ unification of Great Britain.6. Are there any difference between England, Scotland and Wales in terms of cultural tradition?Unit21.Why is the Northern Ireland, according to the author, so significant in the UnitedKingdom? What is the political problem there?2.What are some of the factors in Irish and English history that effect the situation inNorthern Ireland today?3.Different parties and groups in the United Kingdom have different solutions to thepolitical problem in Northern Ireland. Please sum up their different attitudes4. What do you think should be the right solution to the political problem in Northern Ireland?Unit 31. What are some of the characteristics of the British constitutional monarchy? How has the English monarchy evolved gradually to the present constitutional monarchy?2. How did the doctrine of the “divine right of kings”, according to the author, lead to the English Civil War? What do you know about the causes of the English Revolution in the 17th century?3. What is the history of English parliament? What role did the parliament play in the Civil War?4. Discuss the major characteristics and the main content of the British constitution5. Why does the author say that parliament is supreme in the British state? What function does parliament have? What role does the Queen (King) and the Prime Minister play in British government?<2>The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories. Parliament alone has parliamentary sovereignty and thereby ultimate power over all other political bodies in the United Kingdom and its territories.<3>In a monarchy a king or queen is Head of State. This means that, while The Queen is Head of State, the ability to make and pass legislation resides with an elected Parliament. Although the British Sovereign no longer has apolitical or executive role, he or she continues to play an important part in the life of the nation.As Head of State, the Queen undertakes constitutional and representational duties which have developed over one thousand years of history. In addition to these State duties, The Queen has a less formal role as 'Head of Nation'. She acts as a focus for national identity, unity and pride; gives a sense of stability and continuity; officially recognizes success and excellence; and supports the ideal of public and voluntary service.Prime Minister is the nucleus of Cabinet.1. Patronage of Important Personnel2. Top Executive Power3. Control of Cabinet and Its Activities4. Leadership of Government.5. Control of Government’s Financial Situation6. Deciding the Date for a General Election7. Actual Domination over Parliament6. What kind of institution are the House of Lords? What role does it play in British government?It consists of lords spiritual who are the archbishops and most prominent bishops of the Church of England; and the lords temporal, which refers to everyone else. They inherited the seat form their forefathers or been appointed by the sovereign. In parliament they speak and vote as individuals, not as representatives of the greater interests of the country. They do not receive salaries and many do not attend parliament at all.Unit 41. Who can stand for election as an MP in the UK? Why are small parties and independent candidates powerless in the election campaign for the formation of a government?2. What are the three big parties in the UK? What are some of the similarities and dissimilarities between the three parties?3. What are some of the recent political trends in the UK? Are these trends more democratic or undemocratic? What is the author’s opinion?4. What were the causes and effects of the changes in the policies of the Conservative Party and the Labor Party?Unit 71.What are the purposes of the British education system? Please comment onthese purposes. What are the main purposes of the Chinese system? Are there any differences or similarities in the education of the two nations?<1>.The purpose of school is to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills they will need to become active members of society, but the purpose of the British education system is also to socialize children.<2>. Education in the People’s Republic of china is state-run system of public education run by the ministry of education. All citizens must attend school for at least nine years.The government provides primary education for six years. Starting at age six or seven, followed by six years of secondary education for ages 12 to 18. Some provinces may have five years of primary school but four years for middle school.There are three years of middle school and three years of high school. The ministry of education reported a 99 percent attendance rate for primary school and an 80 percent rate for both primary and middle schools.In 1985, the government abolished tax-funded higher education, requiring university applicants to compete for scholarships based on academic ability. In the early 1980s the government allowed the establishment of the first private schools.China has had a major expansion in education. Increasing the number of undergraduates and people who hold doctoral degrees fivefold in 10 years. In 2003 china reported 1,552 institutions of higher learning (colleges and universities) and their 725,000 professors and 11 million students. There are 100 national key universities, including Beijing University and Tsinghua University. Chinese spending has grown by 20% per years since 1999, now reaching over $100bn, and as many as 1.5 million science and engineering students graduated form Chinese universities in 2006. China published 184,080 papers as of 2008.Laws regulating the system of education include the regulation on academic degrees, the compulsory education law, the teachers’ law, the education law, the law on vocational education, and the law on higher education.<3>. Chinese parents only expect their children get straight A+’s and straight A’s on their report cards, whereas the American education system does not do that as much.The American education system is more relaxed than the Asian culture when it comes to education and their parents don’t push them hard as much to get straight A+’s and straight A’s in school so that makes a big difference out the two education systems.The Chinese race of people in china, America, and all over the world push and force their children to get straight a+’s and straight a’s all through school and college all through their lives and they are very strict about education and about them getting straight a+’s and straight a’s all through school and college all through their lives.2. How does the British education system reflect social class?3. What are the major changes that have taken place since World War 2? Is British education moving towards more progress or more equality? Pick up some examples from the text to illustrate your points.<1>. Other major changes to the British education system were caused by World War 2.<2>. This time, the new system would emphasize equality.The result was the 1994 education act which made entry to secondary (middle) schools and universities”meteoritic” children would be abilities they displayed. All children were given the right to free secondary education and the main concern was to make sure more children had access to a good education.In the 1960s, comprehensive schools were introduced all over the country, which ended the division between grammar schools---where the most academically pupils were sent to be prepared for university--- and vocational school where less successful pupils were sent to learn allowed to let children” compete” for places.3. Why does the author say that universities in Britain have been rather elitist? Universities, reflecting the trend throughout the education system, have traditionally been rather elitist. Most students were from the middle classes, attended good schools, performed well in their A-levels and received a fully-funded place in a university.4.what is the open university in Britain？What do you think of this system? The Open University offers a non-traditional route for people to take university level courses and receive a university degree.Unit 91.The author says that “the media are central to British leisure culture”, whydoes the author say so? What are some of the similarities and differences in terms of the function between the British media and the Chinese media?2.what are some of the characteristics of British newspaper culture？In whatway is it different from the United States?3.Is the British press free from the government control and censorship? Whatis the relationship between the British press and politics or business?4.How does the BBC operate? How is it different from American broadcastingsystems?UNIT 101.FIND some examples from the text to demonstrate how Christian church hasinfluenced the sports and leisure activities of the British.One very obvious example is how Sunday—the day of the week when everyone traditionally went to church—is still the day that most people have off in the UK. In recent years the government has changed the laws and now some shops and pubs are allowed to open on Sundays, but such changes are very recent and verycontroversial.2.Why is cricket very English? Why does the author believe that cricket wasassociated with a set of English values?。
(完整word版)高级英语1Unit7FrenchandEnglish翻译
法国人和英国人It is obvious that there is a great deal of difference between being international and being cosmopolitan。
All good men are international。
Nearly all bad men are cosmopolitan。
If we are to be international we must be national. And it is largely because those who call themselves the friends of peace have not dwelt sufficiently on this distinction that they do not impress the bulk of any of the nations to which they belong. International peace means a peace between nations，not a peace after the destruction of nations, like the Buddhist peace after the destruction of personality. The golden age of the good European is like the heaven of the Christian: it is a place where people will love each other； not like the heaven of the Hindu, a place where they will be each other。
And in the case of national character this can be seen in a curious way. It will generally be found, I think， that the more a man really ap-preciates and admires the soul of another people the less he will attempt to imitate it； he will be conscious that there is something in it too deep and too unmanageable to imitate。
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英语国家社会与文化第四版上册翻译第七章翻译The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy,the head of state is a king or a queen.The United Kingdom is governed,in the name of the Sovereign by His or Her Majesty’s Government.The System of parliamentary government is not based on a written constitution,the British constitution is not set out in any single document.It is made up of statute law,common law and conventions.The Judiciary determines common law and interprets statutes.联合王国是君主立宪制国家,国家的首脑是国王或女王。
联合王国以君的名义,由国王或女王陛下政府治理。
英国的议会制度并不是基于成文宪法,英国宪法不由单一文件构成,而由成文法,习惯法和惯例组成。
司法部门裁定习惯法或解释成文法。
Elizabeth II,her title in the United Kingdom is“Elizabeth the Second,by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Her Other Realms and Territories,Queen,Head of the Commonwealth,Defender of the Faith.伊莉莎白二世，她的全称是“上帝神佑，大布列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国以及她的其他领土和领地的女王，英联邦元首，国教保护者伊莉莎白二世。
”The Queen is the symbol of the whole nation.In law,She is head of the executive,an integral part of the legislature,head of the judiciary,the commander-in-chief of all the armed forces and the“supreme governor”of the Church of England.She gives Royal Assent to Bills passed by parliament.女王是国家的象征。
从法律上讲，她是行政首脑，立法机构的组成部分，司法首脑，全国武装部队总司令，英国国教“至高无上”的领袖。
她任命首相和重要的政府官员。
对议会通过的法案给予御准。
The monarch actually has no real power.The monarch’s power are limited by law and Parliament.Constitutional monarchy began after the Glorious Revolution in 1688.君主政体实际已无实权。
它的权力受限于法律和议会。
君主立宪制是从1688年的光荣革命后开始。
The United Kingdom is a unitary,not a federal,state.Parliament consists of the Sovereign,the House of Lords and the House of Commons.英国是中央集权国家，而不是联邦制国家。
议会由君主，上议院和下议院组成。
The main functions of Parliament are:(1)to pass laws;(2)to provide,by voting for taxation,the means of carrying on the work of government;(3)to examine government Policy and administrations,including proposal for expenditure;and(4)todebate the major issues of the day.议会的主要作用是：（1）通过立法；（2）投票批准税为政府工作提供资金；（3）检查政府政策和行政管理，包括拨款提议；（4）当天的议题辩论。
The House of Lords is made up of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal.The main function of the House of Lords is to bring the wide experience of its members into the process of lawmaking.In other words,the non-elected House is to act as a chamber of revision,complementing but not rivaling the elect House.贵族院（上议院）由神职贵族和世俗贵族组成。
它的主要作用是用议员的丰富经验帮助立法。
换而言之，非选举的上议院是修正议院，补充而非反对由选举产生的下议院。
The House of Common is elected by universal adult suffrage and consists of 651 Members of Parliament(MPs).It is in the House of Commons that the ultimate authority.下议院（平民院）由成人普选产生，由651名议员组成。
下议院拥有最终立法权。
Britain is divided651 constituencies.Each of the constituencies returns one member to the House of Commons.A general Election must be held every five years and is often held at more frequent intervals.英国被划分为651个选区，每个选区选一名下议院议员。
大选必须五年举行一次，但经常不到五年就进行一次选举。
Britain has a number of parties,but there are only two major parties.These two parties are the Conservative Party and the Labour Party.Since 1945,either the Conservative Party or the Labour Party has held power.The party which wins sufficient seats at a General Election to command a majority of Government.The leader of the majority party is appointed Prime Minister.The party which wins the second largest number of seats becomes the Official Opposition,with its own leader and “shadow cabinet”.The rule of Opposition is to help the formulation of policy.Criticizes the Government and debate with the Government.英国有很多政党，但有两个主要的政党—保守党和工党。
从1945年以来，两党一直轮流执政，在大选中获多数议席因而在下议院拥有多数支持者的政党组建政府，多数党领袖由君主任命为首相。
获得第二多数议席的政党则正式成为“反对党”，有自己的领袖和影子内阁。
反对党的目的是帮助制定政策，它可以经常给政府提出批评性的建议和修正议案。
The Cabinet and The Prime Minister presides over the Cabinet,is responsible for the allocation of functions among ministers and informs the Queen at regular meetings of generalbusiness of the Government.Cabinet members hold meetings under the chairmanship of the Prime Minister for a few hours each week to decide Government policy on major issues.首相主持内阁，负责分配大臣们的职能，在定期会见女王时向女王报告政府事务。
内阁在首相的主持下，每周开会几小时，以决定在重大问题上政府的政策。
Ministers are responsible collectively to Parliament for all Cabinet decisions;individual Ministers are responsible to Parliament for the work of their department.内阁的所有决定由大臣集体向议会负责，各大臣又为各自部门的工作向议会负责。