England and the Colonies - The United States with Neil
英语国家概况期末复习2
人物与历史文献USTea Act 茶税法The Treaty of Paris 巴黎公约1783年美英两国于巴黎签订的条约同样成为《巴黎条约》，该条约的签订代表着英国承认美国独立，停止敌对行为，但仅承认美国占领密西西比河以东的土地。
第二次大陆会议(The Second Continental Congress) 费城(Philadelphia)召开George Washington 乔治·华盛顿: commander in Continental Army«美利坚合众国宪法»（The Constitution of the United States），通称«美国联邦宪法»或«美国宪法»（U.S. Constitution）1787年宪法Thomas Jefferson托马斯·杰斐逊:The Declaration of Independence «独立宣言»Abraham Lincoln亚伯拉罕·林肯:the Emancipation Proclamation «解放黑人奴隶宣言»Homestead Act «宅地法»Franklin D. Roosevelt富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福: The New Deal罗斯福新政1933年富兰克林·罗斯福就任美国总统后所实行的一系列经济政策，其核心是三个R：救济（Relief）、复兴（Recovery）和改革（Reform），因此有时也被称为三R新政。
Agricultural Adjustment Act «农业调整法»National Industrial Recovery Act «全国工业复兴法»«社会保障法»马丁．路德．金恩(Martin Luther King)Civil Rights Movement 民权运动我有一个梦想(I Have a Dream)Harry Truman哈瑞．杜鲁门:杜鲁门主义The Truman Doctrine马歇尔计划（The Marshall Plan），也称为欧洲复兴计划European Recovery ProgramReagan里根: Star Wars Program 星球大战计划Irangate Scandal 伊朗门事件Nixon尼克松: Watergate Scandals 水门事件Bill Clinton 克林顿: Zippergate ScandalUK«大宪章»：Magna Carta / The Great Charter 1215年King John 国王约翰to impose legal limits on the King's personal power in raising money from his subjects «权力请愿书»: The Petition of Right 1628年Charles 查理一世第29页«权利法案» :Bill of Rights 第32页The treaty of Paris 1763年第32页概念搭配UK1、ConstitutionA constitution is a set of rules and conventions that lays down the powers and functions of state institutions and their relationship with each other.2、The cabinetThe major decision-making body in the government, is often associated with the office of the Prime Minister.3、Tribunal (法院，仲裁机构)A more informal and less expensive alternative to civil and criminal courts, which handles minor cases outside of the official court system.4、The Lord Chancellor（英国上议院的）大法官The Lord Chancellor is head of the judiciary (司法部，法院)in England and Wales.5、The social security systemIt is designed to secure a basic standard of living for people in financial need from the cradle to the grave.US1、Congress (国会)The legislative branch of the federal government ,is made up of the Senate and the House of Representative.2、The Supreme CourtConsists of a chief justice and eight associate justices.问答题英国部分Unit 3 P411. Who were the main foreign invaders of Britain at different times in British history? What contributions have they respectively made to the British culture, or what impacts have they had? 英国历史上不同时期主要的外国侵略者？及对英国的文化贡献或影响？P13(1)Julius Caesar 凯撒大帝(55BC) Hadrian’s Wall Words of Latin origins, Roman numbers, the solar calendar, Roman laws, and the census人口普查 ['sensəs] took root locally. Christianity spread(2)Germanic tribesmen 日耳曼人developed the Heptarchy, ['heptɑːkɪ]七王国；七头统治；七国连盟established Old English(3)Anglo-Saxon盎格鲁-撒克逊Christianity gained hold in Britain(4)Normans 诺曼人made Norman feudalism封建主义；封建制度['fjuːdəlɪz(ə)m]2. What was the social background for the Reformation to take place in England? What major achievements did the Elizabethan [i,lizə'bi:θən] 伊丽莎白一世时代的era ['ɪərə] witness?英格兰革新的社会背景？伊丽莎白一世见证的成就？P28In the Middle Ages, the Church had gained not only material importance, but also extensive power in politics and law. ﹙P28﹚Elizabeth: Putting to rest the religious issues;Reducing the power of the old nobility;Reaching farther than before through trade and adventure;Defeating Armada at sea Cultural and artistic movements (the English Renaissance) 3. How did the English Civil War break out? What were the consequences of the war?英国内战如何爆发？结果如何？P29The absolute rule of Charles I aroused the resistance of the people and the bourgeoisies. Charles took conteraction. He wanted to arrest Pym, Hampden and three other leaders of the Commons, but he failed to do so. So, he departed for the north, hoping to find supporters in the west and north districts. Thus the Civil War began. Consequences: The King Charles’s arm was defeated. Charles I was beheaded. In 1649, the House of Lords and the office of King were abolished and a Council of State was set to carry the executive work of the government, and England was declared a Commonwealth.Unit 4 P504. What are the characteristics of the British Constitution ?英国宪法的特点？P43(1)Constitutional monarchy ['mɒnəkɪ] 君主立宪制(2)Parliamentary sovereignty ['sɒvrɪntɪ] 议会至上(3)Representative democracy 代议民主(4)The rule of law ﹝P43﹞5. What are the functions of Parliament? How does the law-making process work?议会的功能是什么？法律制定工作是如何运行的？P44(1)To legislate立法(2)To vote the taxation 征税and expenditures [ɪk'spɛndɪtʃɚ] 支出of thegovernment(3)To examine government policies and administration 行政(4)To debate major political issues of the day （P45）6. What is meant by the “two-party system” in the UK today? How effective is such a system ?英国两党制在今天有何意义？这种制度如何起作用？P48The British party politics of government in the UK Parliament with power being held by either Conservative Party or Labour Party. The party which wins most MP seats in the House of Common becomes the goverment. The largest minority party becomes the official Opposition,with its own leader and "shadow cabinet".美国部分Unit 1 P1231.What are the characteristics of "Middle America", geographically, culturally, andpolitically?美国中部的地理、文化、政治特点？P115Geographically, the Middle America refers to the territory between the East Coast of the United States (particularly the northeast) and the West Coast. It has yielded some of America's greatest agricultural and mineral wealth,is the heart of America.Culturally, America is contrasted with the more culturally progressive urban areas of the country, particularly, those of the East and West Coasts. The conservative values considered typical of Middle America (often called "family values" in American politics) are often called "Middle American values".The idea of Middle America may exclude locations such as Chicago (the third largest city in the United States and one of the world's ten alpha cities) and very wealthy cities like Aspen, Colorado. The coastal regions of the southern United States are implicitly included.Politically, The phrase Middle American values is a political cliché; like family values, it refers to more traditional or conservative politics, although larger cities such as St. Louis, Missouri and Minneapolis, Minnesota, and major university towns such as Madison, Wisconsin, Columbia, Missouri and Lawrence, Kansas provide exceptions. Many of the political battleground states are situated in "Middle America".2.What makes the Northeast stand out as a unique cultural region?美国东北部独特的文化区域？P119the Northeast of America is densely populated and high urban, and it's the nation's economic and cultural center. Since this area was one of the two earliest settlements by British colonists, Americans tend to trace many of the nation's core values to theregion. One of the region's greatest strengths in its economic competition with other regions is its long tradition of support for education. Additionally, the region has also enjoyed a long history of booming tourism industry, both for its beautiful landscape and for its significant role in shaping the early part of American history.Unit 2 P1433.What do you think of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America?Were they great ?你怎么看待美国的开国元勋？他们获得哪些伟大的成就？America has produced such great men as George Washington,Thomas Jefferson, and Abraham Lincoln. Undoubtedly, the Founding Fathers of the United States of America made great contributions to the US. All served in important positions in the early government of the United States. They also put forth a set of political ideas that became so deeply embedded in the national consciousness that they are often referred to as the "American Credo".4.What were the main reasons that made the United States the world's leadingindustrial power in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?19到20世纪美国位于世界工业霸权的地位的主要原因？P128A Yankee tradition of trade and commerce that provided both the skill and the capital required for industrial expansion; a commitment to private property and the profit system that gave the Rockefellers , the Morgans , and the Carnegies the incentive to build corporate empires ; an abundant and skilled labour supply ; political institutions ......P130第一段全部5. What were the chief causes of the Great Depression? Did the New Deal solve the problems brought about by the Depression? Why and why not?大萧条的主要原因？新政解决大萧条问题了吗？P132The chief causes can be found in the unbalanced economy both domestic and international of the twenties.The New Deal didn't solve the problem itself. The New Deal was a series economic programs to help alleviate the disastrous impact of the Great Depression. The programs focused on three aspects, including relief for the unemployed and poor, recovery of the economy to normal levels and reform the financial system to prevent a repeated depression.小测Part 1: True or False1. The United Kingdom consists of four political divisions —England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. F Northern Ireland英国由四个政治区组成：英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰P32. The longest river in Britain is the Thames. F the Severn英国最长的河流是赛文河P73. In the UK, most undergraduate (bachelor’s) degrees take three years to complete. T在英国，大多数本科（学士）学位需要三年才能完成P964. The English, the Scots, and the Welsh are Anglo-Saxons, but the Irish are Celts. F只有英格兰人才能可盎格鲁—萨克逊人only The English is Anglo-Saxons P135. Social class in the UK lays more emphasis on money and property. F英国的社会阶层更注重金钱和财产6. The name “England” derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who came to England in the 5th and 6th centuries. T“英国”的名字来自于盎格鲁，在第五和第六世纪中来到英国的日耳曼部落中的一个P137. The Bank of England is a commercial bank. F英国银行是一家国家中央银行the country’s central bank P678. The members of House of Lord are non-elected. T上议院的成员是非选举产生的P459. More than half of the full-time farms in the UK are devoted to livestock. T超过一半的英国全日制农场从事畜牧业P6510. The UK’s biggest-selling newspaper is The Times. F英国销量最大的报纸是太阳报The Sun P10411. The UK Parliament comprises two elements: the House of Lord and the House of Commons. F英国议会由三个部分组成：王权、上议院和下议院The Crown、the non-elected House of Lord and the elected House of Commons P4512. Social Security in U.K. is mainly supported by the government.F英国的社会保障主要是由纳税机构支持的。
美国概况2
练习题：1 The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is_____.2 The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is ____.3 The largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A is____.4 Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is____.5 ____has the world’s oldest written constitution and political party.6 The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by____.7 In the United States, primary education requires____years.8 Most college students in the United States are in____institutions.9 The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are____________.10 _____(which state )is not governed by the common law.1. The Mississippi River, 密西西比河是美国传统的东方和西方的分界线。
2 .The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain，最早被早期定居者发现和占领的地方是大西洋及其沿岸平原。
2023年度军队文职社会公开招考笔试《英语语言文学》备考题库及答案
2023年度军队文职社会公开招考笔试《英语语言文学》备考题库及答案学校:________ 班级:________ 姓名:________ 考号:________一、单选题(55题)1.( ) refers to a construction where one clause is coordinated with another.A.EmbeddingB.RecursivenessC.ConjoiningD.Cohesion2.( )us the information，we would have been ambushed.A.Had he not givenB.If he did not giveC.Should he not giveD.Were he not to give3.The path in the park looked beautiful，( )with( )leaves.A.covered；fallingB.covered；fallenC.covering；fallingD.covering；fallen4.The Grapes of Wrath is a masterpiece of ( )A.John SteinbeckB.John WinthropC.John UpdikeD.John Cotton5.The National Day of Canada is( )A.July 1stB.June 1stC.October 1stD.July 3rd6.Which of the following novelists wrote The Sound and the Fury？( )A.William FaulknerB.Ernest HemingwayC.Scott FitzgeraldD.John Steinbeck7.The( )nature of the plant is very different from others for its growth and distribution depend on its host completely.A.specificB.peculiarC.extraordinaryD.particular8.There are different types of affixes or morphemes.The affix"-ed"in the word"learned"is known as a（n）__________.A.derivational morphemeB.free morphemeC.inflectional morphemeD.free form9.The fifth-generation computers，with artificial intelligence，( )and perfected now.A.developedB.have developedC.are being developedD.will have been developed10.The Commonwealth of Nations is an association of independent countries ( )A.that speak English as their native languageB.that have a large number of British immigrantsC.that were once colonies of BritainD.that fought on the side of Britain in the two world wars11.The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another is ( ) calledA.blendingB.clippingC.acronympounding12.( )is Australia’s most important industrial city and the capital of New South Wales.A.MelbourneB.SydneyC.CanberraD.Brisbane13.I am so sorry for that I can’t contact you too frequently these days since I’m busy working on an important project( )teB.hardlytelyD.closely14.The northern part of the Australia has a tropical climate with only two seasons，and the dry season lasts from( ).A.January to JuneB.July to NovemberC.November to AprilD.May to October15.-Would you mind telling me your address？-Somewhere in the southern of Handan.Which maxim of the Cooperative Principle that above example violates？( )A.The maxim of qualityB.The maxim of relationC.The maxim of quantityD.The maxim of manner16.Of the fifty states，the smallest state in America is( )A.Rhode IslandB.VirginiaC.TexasD.Montana17.The vowel ( ) is a low back vowel.A./i：/B./u/C./a：/D./e/18.This country is( )deflationary pressure and the country′s policy-makers should create a better policy mix to cope with the new economic environment.A.confronted withB.coping offC.taking offD.wearing off19.The following American states are among the first thirteen colonies except( ).A.MarylandB.South CarolinaC.DelawareD.Colorado20.My( )your proposal speaks volumes for my will.A.consent toB.consent withC.hatred ofD.admission of21.The Hundred Year’s War between Britain and France was fought( ).A.from 1327 to 1453B.from 1337 to 1453C.from 1347 to 1453D.from 1357 to 145322.The answers to the problem，the scientists say，is to build up the immune system，which not only will give greater( )to disease but will boost cellular regeneration and improve the skin.A.persistenceB.insistenceC.resistanceD.instance23.The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is written by ( )A.Scott FitzgeraldB.William FaulknerC.Eugene O′NeilD.Ernest Hemingway24.I just wonder( )that makes him so excited.A.why it doesB.what he doesC.how it isD.what it is25.Lexical ambiguity arises from polysemy or ( ) which cannot be determined by the context.A.homonymyB.antonymyC.meronymyD.synonymy26.China is an agricultural country，therefore agriculture is inevitably( )in national economy.A.inevitableB.fundamentalC.radicalD.basic27.The poem“I Sought tell my love，Love that never told can be” violates among the ( ) Cooperative Principle.A.the maxim of qualityB.the maxim of relationC.the maxim of quantityD.the maxim of manner28.Which of the following clusters of words is an example of alliteration？( )A.A week seatB.Safe and SoundC.Knock and KickD.Coat and Boat29.( )you start，you will never give up.A.Even ifB.If onlyC.WhileD.Once30.The fans did not think( )of him because they know how poorly he was.A.highB.highlyC.badD.badly31.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE？( )A.Walt Whitman introduced great innovations to American literature，and devised a poetic style，free verseB.Emily Dickinson′s poems are usually long，exploring the inner life of the individualC.Jack Kerouac′s On the Road is a representative work of the Beat WritersD.Arthur Miller is concerned with the conflicts of the individual within society，and Death of a Salesman is his masterpiece32.( )，he does get annoyed with her sometimes.A.Although much he likes herB.Much although he likes herC.As he likes her muchD.Much as he likes her33.A writer who wants to convince his readers of a point of view must marshall his arguments assert the virtues of his opinions，and( )the possible protests of the opposition.A.diminishB.demonstrateC.declareD.demolish34.He copied other people’s ideas in writing his new book，which is a kind of copywrite( )A.offenceB.violationC.crimeD.sin35.Which of the following doesn′t belong to the Cooperative Principle？( )A.The generosity maximB.The maxim of qualityC.The maxim of relationD.The maxim of manner36.What is the ranking of Canada in the world by land area？( )A.FirstB.SecondC.ThirdD.Fourth37.My father often works( )into the night，which moves me( ).A.deeply，deelyB.deep，deepC.deeply，deepD.deep，deeply38.The word“motel” is formed via word formation rule of ( )A.clippingB.blendingC.acronymD.coinage39.The bomb destroyed a police station and damaged a church( )A.badlyB.badC.worseD.mostly40.A sentence is considered when it conforms to the grammatical knowledge in the mind of ( ) native speakers.A.rightB.wrongC.grammaticalD.ungrammatical41.With( )and fashionable elements，Beijing attracts a large number of young people every year.A.originalB.modemC.novelD.innovative42.The company adopted new policies to( )its market competitiveness.A.aggravateB.strengthenC.intensifyD.lift43.Henry Fielding′s ( )indicates the genre of novel has got to the mature period.A.Joseph AndrewsB.Jonathan WildC.The History of Tom Jones，a FoundlingD.Amelia44.I don’t think it advisable that Tim( )to the job since he has no experience.A.is assignedB.will be assignedC.be assignedD.has been assigned45.The color in her shirt( )gently after it was washed by washing machine.A.fadedB.vanishedC.dissolvedD.evaporated46.There are three main parties represented in the House of Representatives of Australia，which one is the oldest party？( )A.The Australian Labor PartyB.The NationalsC.The Liberal Party of AustraliaD.Australian Greens party47.Jean Wagner′s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it( )in a religious，as well as worldly，frame of reference.A.is to be analyzedB.has been analyzedC.be analyzedD.should have been analyzed48.Bloomfield introduced the IC analysis，whose full name is ( ) Analysis.A.Internal ComponentB.Innate CapacityC.Internal ConstituentD.Immediate Constituents49.The number of the Representatives from each American state depends on the( ).A.contribution a state has made to the nationB.populationC.sizeD.none of the above50.The UN put the( )forward so as to better cope with the tense situation in the Middle East.A.conferenceB.summitC.rallyD.seminar51.Jane Austen wrote all the following novels EXCEPT ( )A.Sense and SensibilityB.FrankensteinC.Pride and PrejudiceD.Emma52.The social workers tried to( )the juvenile delinquents.A.quarantineB.muddleC.rehabilitateD.indent53.In an effort to( )culture shocks，I think it is necessary to know something about the nature of culture.A.get offB.get byC.get throughD.get over54.Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent( )，or pronghorn.A.it is the American antelopeB.the American antelope isC.is the American antelopeD.the American antelope55.Mike was one of my( )customers.A.normalB.regularC.ordinaryual参考答案1.C2.A3.B4.A5.A6.A7.B8.C考查语言学词素。
英语国家社会与文化基础学习下册课后作业资料(期末备考深刻复习)
U3 American BeginningsⅠ1. The question “What is an American?” was first asked by J. Hector ST. John de Crevecoeur. (T)2. Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492. (T)7. By the early 1760s, the 13 English colonies in North America were ready to separate themselves from Europe. (T)8. George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and Abraham Lincoln were regarded as the founding fathers of the United States of America. (F)Ⅱ1. Which of the following statements was correct around the time of the American Revolution? (A. The American had the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants.)3. The following were the main Reformation leaders except. (B. Martin Luther King.)7. The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except. (C. William Penn.)10.”No taxation without representation” was the rallying cry of. (D. the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution.)Ⅲ1. In 1782, the Frenchman who settled in Pennsylvania first asked the question “what is an American” in his book (letters from An American Farmer)2. The New World of America was peopled as a result of two long-continuing immigration movements, the first one from (Asia) and the second from (Europe) and (Africa).3. American Indians had developed three brilliant civilizations before the Europeans arriver. These three civilizations were (The Aztecs),(the Incas)and(the Mayas).4. Columbus discovered the New World in the year of (1492).5. The English king claimed the territory of North America based on the voyage of (John Cabot)Ⅳ3. The Declaration of Independence.The Declaration of Independence was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the Congress on July 4,1776, When the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule. The document declared that all men were equal and that they were entitled to have some unalienable rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It also explained the philosophy of government: the powers of governments came from the consent of the governed of politics and the guiding principles of the American Revolution mainly came from John Locke.U4 The Political System in the United StatesⅠ1. When the War of Independence was over, the United States was one unified nation as it is today. (F)3. The US Constitution set up a federal system with a strong central government. (T)4. The main duty of the Congress id to make laws, including those which levy taxes that pay for the work of the federal government. (T)6. The president has the authority to appoint federal judges, and all such court appointments are subject to confirmation by the House of Representatives. (F)7. The 10 very short paragraphs which guarantee freedom and individual rights and forbid interference with lives of individuals by the government are called the Bill of Rights. (T)9. Today, the United States has two major political parties. One is the Democratic Party, formed before 1800. The other is the Republican Party, formed in the 1850s, by people in the states of the North and West. (T)Ⅱ4. Which of the following statements NOT correct? When the Constitution was written, (A. there was a Bill of Rights in the Constitution.)5. Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes? (B. The legislative. )6. Which of the following is NOT a power of the president? (C. The president can make laws.)7. The Bill of Rights consists of (C. 10 amendments added to the Constitution in 1791)8. Which of the following is NOT guaranteed in the Bill of Rights? (B. The freedom of searching a person’s home by police. )Ⅲ4. The Constitution set up a federal system with (a strong central government.)5. A federal system is one in which power is shared between (a central authority) and (its constituent parts) with some rights reserved to each.6. The US federal government consists of the following three branches: the executive, (the legislative) and (the judicial).7. The Congress id divided into (the House of Representatives) with 435 members who serve two-year terms, and (the Senate) with 100 lawmakers who serve six-year terms.8. Groups who try to persuade Congressmen to vote for or against a bill are known as (lobbies).9. The Supreme Court is composed of (1) chief justice and (8) associate justices.10. The Supreme Court has the function of determining whether Congressional legislative or executive action violates the Constitution. This power is called (judicial review).12. The two major political parties are (the Democratic party), which is thought to be more liberal, and (the Republican party), which is believed to be more conservative.Ⅳ2. A federal systemA federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constituent parts, with some rights reserved to each.3. The making of the US ConstitutionThe Articles of Confederation failed. The Congress decided to hold a constitutional convention to revise the Articles of Confederation. The delegates from 12 states (Rhode Island refused to participate) gathered in Philadelphia in 1787 and ended up in writing a new constitution and set a federal system with a strong central government. The Constitution provided that an election of the president would be called, federal laws would be made only by a Congress made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate and a Supreme Court would be set up. This new Constitution was finally approved by the majority of the citizens in over 9 of the 13 states and was officially put into effect in 1787.5. The Bill of RightsThe Bill of Rights consists of the first 10 amendments which were added to theConstitution in 1791.The Bill of Rights was passed to guarantee freedom and individual rights such as freedom of speech, the right to assemble in public places, the right to own weapons and so on.U5 American EconomyⅠ2. The first factory in the United States was a cotton textile mill. (T)5. Many people believe that the economic freedom of capitalism is crucial to America’s economic success. (T)6. When people buy stocks, the become part owner of the company. (T)8. One reason for America’s affluence is that a lot of people have inherited wealth from their parents. (F)9. Strong domestic demand is one factor contributing to America’s affluence. (T)Ⅱ1. The first factory in the United States was a cotton textile mill in Pawtucket, in the state of (B. Rhode Island)2. The “American system” of mass production was first used in (C. firearms industry)3. The United States had the first standard paper currency in (C. 1863)5. Which of the following is NOT considered as part of the service industry? (D. Steelmaking)6. The United States was rated (C. fourth) in the world in terms of land area and the size of population.Ⅲ2. When starting a business or launching new ventures, money was needed. That money was known as (capital).3. One advantage of corporation over sole proprietorship and partnership is that it has (limited liability), so investors risked only the amount of their investment and not their entire assets.4. The best-known stock exchange is (the New York Stock Exchange) located in (the Wall Street) area of New York City.6. The Constitution of The United States bars all kinds of internal (tariffs), so manufacturers do not have to worry about (tariff barriers) when shipping goods from one part of the country to another.Ⅳ5. Service industriesService industries are industries that sell a service rather than make a product. Service industries range from banking to telecommunications to the provision of meals in restaurants. As more and more people are employed in serviceindustries in the US, it is sometimes said that the US has moved into a "post-industrial era”.U8 Education in the United StatesⅠ3. American university students have always liked to get degrees that are aimed at preparing them specifically for certain professions. (F)4. One of the things that decides whether an applicant can be accepted by a college is his/her scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests. (T)5. According to the author, larger universities are always better, and more desirable universities are always more expensive. (F)6. It takes at least fours years to get a bachelor’s degree from an institution of higher learning in the US. (T)7. Segregating blacks into separate schools was unconstitutional after the decision of the Supreme Court in 1954. (T)Ⅱ1. Which of the following subjects are NOT offered to elementary school students? (B. Politics and business education)2. The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by (D. boards of education)3. In the United States school systems, which of the following divisions is true?(C. Elementary school, secondary school)4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in American higher education? (B. Research institutions)5. Three of the following factors have contributed to the flourishing of large universities in America, which is the exception? (C. large universities offer scholarships all students)7. In order to go to university, secondary school students must meet the following requirements except that (B. they pass the college entrance examinations)8. Three of the following universities have large endowments from wealthy benefactors. (B. the State University of New York)9. Both public and private universities depend on the following sources of income except (A. investment)10. To get a bachelor’s degree, an undergraduate student is required to do the following except (C. taking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophy)Ⅲ1. About 90% of American students go to (public) schools and 10% attend (private) schools.3. The foal of education in the United States is to achieve universal (literacy) and provide individuals with knowledge and skill necessary to promote the welfare for individuals and the general public.4. Every state in America has its own laws about (education) and all states require young people to go to school. Thus, every child in America is guaranteed up to (13) years of education.5. Public and private colleges depend on three sources of income: (student tuition) endowments and (government funding).6. After earning a certain number of credits (about 120) in four years of college, the undergraduate student gets a (bachelor＇s) degree. The other two higher degrees are master＇s degree and (doctor＇s degree)Ⅳ2. Boards of educationBoards of education refer to groups of people who make policies for schools at the state and/or district level. They also make decisions about the school curriculum, teacher standards and certification, and the overall measurement of student progress.U10 Social Problems in the United StatesⅠ2. The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the United States now is the blacks, or Afro-Americans, who account for 11.7% of the population. (F)4. The problem of poverty does not exist in the United States because the overall distribution of wealth and income is equal. (F)5. Drug abuse in the United States has come to be regarded as one of the most challenging social problems facing the nation. (T)8. Corruption in the United States takes the form of fraud, false advertising, corporate price fixing, bribery, embezzlement, and tax evasion. (T)9. Statistics usually overlook white-collar crimes because they are affected by police reporting practices and that many crimes are unreported. (T)Ⅱ3. Which of the following is NOT the reason for the higher arrest rates among minority groups? (A. The aggressive nature of these groups)4. Which of the following does NOT belong to the white-collar crime? (D. Robbery)6. According to the text, which of the following is NOT a dysfunction causedby drug abuse? (C. Drug abuse is a major cause of unemployment)7. If white-collar crimes were Included in the Crime Index, the profile of a typical criminal in the United States would be the following EXCEPT (D. living near city centers)Ⅲ3. Former President (Nixon) said that crime is America's "number one enemy.”4. American slavery was finally abolished by (the Civil War), Lincoln's emancipation of slaves in 1863 and (the 13th Amendment to the Constitution) in 1865.6. Drug abuse in the US is a social problem because it has a wide range of social costs, or (dysfunctions).8. To further their interests, large corporations in the US usually have professional (lobbyists) in Washington D.C.to influence public officials behind the scenes.9. According to the text, those arrested for crimes in the United States are very likely to be male, young, a member of a (racial minority) and a (city resident).IV1. The black "underclass”The majority of the blacks today have failed to share in the general gains of progress made in the past decades. The urban ghettos now contain a permanently impoverished "underclass” of habitually unemployed or underemployed black people. Many of them are young and unskilled. They live in cities where the unemployment rate for teenage black workers runs as high as 50%or about 8 times the rate for the American work force as a whole. This "underclass" could continue to persist, even in the absence of racial discrimination, in much the same way as other pockets of poverty persist-that is, for reasons of social-class inequality. Living in an environment of poverty, decay, crime, drug addiction, joblessness, and hopelessness, this ghetto underclass offers an explosive potential for the future.5. White-collar crimesWhite-collar crimes are those committed by higher income groups such as the crimes of fraud, false advertising, corporate price fixing, bribery, embezzlement, industrial pollution, tax evasion and so on. Yet the statistics provided by the FBI tend to overlook white-collar crimes. In fact, white-collar crimes are often ignored by law enforcement agencies. Some sociologists argue that the higher classes may actually have a higher rate of crime than the lower classes.U17 The Country and its PeopleⅠ1.Canada is the largest country in North American continent. (T)2. Canada is rated regularly as having the highest standard of living in the because it has rich natural resources. (F)2.The majority of the Canadian population live in an area not far away fromthe Canadian-US border. (T)4. French is an official language in Quebec and maritime provinces. (F)6. Toronto is the biggest city and the capital of Canada. (F)II1. Which of the following statements about Canada true? (C. Contrast to its physical size, Canada has a small population)7. Who first came and settled Canada? (B. French colonists)III1. Canada consists of (10) provinces and (3) territories. But mostCanadians live in the south of the country, along the 49th parallel.3. Canada's motto is that the country stretches “from sea to sea", with the (Pacific) Ocean on the west coast and the (Atlantic) on Ocean on the east coast.4. Canada and the United States have good relations, and they share the longest (undefended national border) in the world.7. The capital of Canada is (Ottawa) and the second largest city is (Montreal).IV1. The Canadian identityIt is sometimes very hard to define what true Canadian identity is. But in general, it refers to something which is distinctively Canadian, which is different from other countries, and which is the very reason for making Canada so special. For example, two official languages of English and French can be considered as part of the Canadian identity.U19 The Canadian MosaicⅠ1. Officially, Canada refers to itself as a multicultural society within a bilingual framework. (T)_ Ⅱ1. What is the other official language besides English in Canada? (C. French)2. In the late 19th century, Chinese labourers came to Canada to (B. build the railroad)5. In Vancouver schools, it is estimated that more than half of the students speak (D. Cantonese)Ⅲ1. Many people use the notion that American society is a (melting pot) while Canada is described as a (mosaic)2. Multiculturalism has caused something of a problem in that Canadians often feel they lack a (“notional identity”)Ⅳ1. The Canadian MosaicWhen Canada is described as a mosaic, it means that the immigrant groups do not have to throw off their old customs, languages and traditions. There is no particular concept of an overarching Canadian identity. This resembles a mosaic of different cultures which overlap but do not overwhelm each other.。
经典：英语国家社会与文化入门下册unit4
The Political System in the United States
1
1,Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? Was it necessary to change the Articles of
Confederation and write a new constitution for the new nation of the United States at the time?
5
• If Congress proposes a law that the present thinks is unwise, the president can veto it. If Congress passes a law which is challenged in the courts as unconstitutional, the Supreme Court has the power to declare the law unconstitutional and no longer in effect.
• Because the states did not cooperate with the Congress or with each other. And Congress had been given no authority to force any state to do anything.
• Yes, it is. Because the United States needed a new constitution to unite the nation.
2
2,What is a federal system? What are some of the new nation of the major
殖民主义时期的美国文学 英文版
Early American Puritan Poets
• Anne Bradstreet: Her poems made such a stir in England that she became known as the “Tenth Muse” who appeared in America.
living for glorifying God; believing predestination（命运天定）, original
sin(原罪，人生下来就是有罪的，因为人类 的祖先亚当和夏娃是有罪的), total depravity(人类是完全堕落的，所以人要处 处小心自己的行为，要尽可能做到最好以 取悦上帝), limited atonement (有限救赎， 只有被上帝选中的人才能得到上帝的拯救)
Historical Background
a code of values a philosophy of life a point of view
3. Belief---Puritanism took root in the New World
Doctrines of Puritans
taking religion as the most important thing;
American Puritanism
Enduring shaping influence in literature ①Basis of American literature
dreamed of living under a perfect order worked with courage hoped to build a Garden of Eden on earth
对历史事件的认识与感悟的英文作文
对历史事件的认识与感悟的英文作文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1History is Full of Amazing Stories!History is one of my favorite subjects in school because it's just full of amazing stories! I love learning about all the interesting things that happened in the past and the people who were part of it all. Some parts of history are pretty sad or scary, but a lot of it is just totally awesome and inspiring.One event from history that I think is really cool is when the ancient Egyptians built the Great Pyramids. Can you imagine hauling all those huge stone blocks across the desert without modern machines and tools? Those Egyptian workers must have been incredibly strong and determined. The pyramids are so big and precisely constructed too - I don't know how they managed it without cranes, trucks, computers and all the building tech we have today. It's an epic achievement that still awes people thousands of years later.I also find the history of exploration and discovery to be fascinating. Like when brave sailors like Christopher Columbusventured across the vast unknown oceans in little wooden ships, not knowing what they might find. Or the daring adventures of people like Lewis and Clark trekking through the wild, uncharted lands of America. Thanks to their courage and curiosity, we learned about new lands, peoples, plants and animals. It must have been both terrifying and thrilling!Some key moments in history make me feel really proud of humanity's accomplishments too. Like when the Wright Brothers achieved the first powered flight in their little propeller plane in 1903. That kicked off the amazing era of aviation that eventually allowed people to fly all around the world and even go into outer space! Or in 1969 when Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the moon. That was a groundbreaking milestone in space exploration.There are many other examples of unfair treatment and human rights issues throughout history too, like slavery, discrimination, conquest of indigenous peoples, and lack of freedoms and rights for women, minorities and the underprivileged. While it's upsetting to learn about those injustices, it's also inspiring to study how people fought and protested against those wrongs through figures like Harriet Tubman, Susan B. Anthony, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. andMahatma Gandhi using civil disobedience, boycotts and other non-violent resistance. Their brave actions helped bring more equality, freedom and positive changes.Overall, while parts of history are heartbreaking, I feel hopeful when I consider how much progress humanity has made over time through our resilience, innovation and efforts for human rights. From rudimentary beginnings in ancient times, we've developed incredibly advanced societies, technologies, knowledge and values like democracy, liberty and justice. We've overcome a lot and keep striving to make the world a better place.Learning about history gives me a greater appreciation for how we got to where we are today and the long journey of struggles, sacrifices and achievements it took to get here. It shows how far we've come but also reminds us of the progress still needed to truly uphold ideals of peace, equality and human dignity for all.So while history demonstrates humanity's flaws and mistakes, it's also an inspiring testament to our persistence, ingenuity and ability to improve ourselves over time. I find the whole epic story of human history, the good and the bad, to be powerful, profound and deeply meaningful. It fills me withwonder about the marvels of our past, but also with determination to learn from history's hardest lessons to help create a wiser, more just and enlightened future for the world.篇2A Journey Through HistoryHi everyone! Today, I want to tell you about my amazing journey through history. I have learned so many interesting things about important events that happened long ago. History is like a time machine that takes us back to the past. Let's dive right in!One of the earliest events I learned about is the invention of the wheel. Can you imagine a world without wheels? It was invented thousands of years ago and changed the way people traveled and transported goods. I realized that even the simplest things we take for granted today have a fascinating history behind them.Another significant event I discovered was the discovery of fire. Fire was a game-changer for our ancestors. It provided warmth, helped cook food, and kept dangerous animals away. I felt grateful for the people who discovered fire because it made our lives so much easier!Next, I explored the ancient Egyptian civilization. I was amazed by their magnificent pyramids and the mysterious hieroglyphics they created. It made me wonder how they built such incredible structures without modern technology. History teaches us that human beings are capable of extraordinary things when they put their minds to it.Moving forward in time, I learned about the Renaissance period. This was a time of great change and creativity in Europe. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo created breathtaking paintings and sculptures. This period showed me the power of imagination and how art can inspire and move people.One of the most important events I studied was the American Revolution. It was a time when the American colonies fought for their independence from British rule. I realized that freedom is something we should never take for granted. Many people sacrificed their lives for the freedom we enjoy today.Next, I explored the Industrial Revolution. This event transformed society with the invention of machines and factories. It brought about significant changes in transportation, agriculture, and manufacturing. I learned about the challengesfaced by workers during this time and the importance of workers' rights.Finally, I learned about the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union. It was a thrilling time when humans first set foot on the moon. It made me dream about exploring other planets and galaxies. It showed me that with determination and teamwork, we can achieve incredible things.Studying history has made me realize that we are all part of a bigger story. The events of the past have shaped the world we live in today. History teaches us valuable lessons and helps us understand who we are as a society.So, let's appreciate the past and learn from it. History is like a treasure chest full of knowledge waiting to be discovered. It's an exciting journey that never ends. I hope you join me on this adventure through time, and together, let's learn from the past to create a better future.I hope you enjoyed my journey through history. Remember, history is not just about dates and facts, but also about the people and stories that make it come alive. So, let's keep exploring and uncovering the wonders of our past!Keep curious and keep learning!Yours,[Your Name]Word Count: 498 words篇3My Understanding and Reflection on Historical EventsHi everyone! Today, I want to share with you my thoughts and feelings about historical events. History is not just about old people and boring stories. It is full of exciting and important events that have shaped the world we live in today.One of the historical events that I find really interesting is the moon landing. Can you believe that humans actually went to the moon? It happened a long time ago, in 1969. Astronauts from the United States traveled all the way to the moon in a spacecraft called Apollo 11. It was a huge achievement for humankind!When I think about the moon landing, it makes me feel amazed and proud. It shows that when people work together and dream big, they can accomplish incredible things. It also reminds me of the importance of exploration and pushing the boundaries of what we think is possible. Who knows what other amazing things we can achieve in the future?Another historical event that I want to talk about is the Civil Rights Movement. It took place in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s. This movement was all about fighting for equality and ending racial segregation. People like Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks were brave leaders who made a big difference.The Civil Rights Movement is important because it taught us the power of standing up for what is right. It showed us that even when faced with injustice, we can make a change by using peaceful methods, like protests and speeches. This event inspires me to be courageous and to treat everyone with fairness and kindness.One more historical event that I want to mention is World War II. It was a global conflict that happened between 1939 and 1945. Many countries were involved, and it was a very difficult and sad time for the world. Millions of people lost their lives, and many families were separated.Learning about World War II makes me feel grateful for the peace and freedom we have today. It reminds me to be thankful for the sacrifices made by brave soldiers who fought to protect our rights and liberties. It also teaches me the importance ofresolving conflicts peacefully and working towards a world where everyone can live in harmony.In conclusion, historical events are not just stories from the past. They are lessons that can teach us about the world we live in today. The moon landing, the Civil Rights Movement, and World War II are just a few examples of events that have had a big impact on our lives. They remind us to dream big, fight for justice, and appreciate the peace we enjoy. Let's learn from history and make our world a better place!I hope you enjoyed reading my essay. Thank you for listening to my thoughts, and remember, history is cool!篇4Understanding and Reflections on Historical EventsHello everyone! Today, I want to share with you my thoughts on historical events and what I have learned from them. History is like a big book that tells us stories about the past. It is important because it can teach us valuable lessons and help us understand the world we live in today.One historical event that I have learned about is the American Revolution. It happened a long time ago when theAmerican colonies wanted to be free from British rule. The people fought bravely for their independence, and this event led to the birth of the United States of America. From this event, I learned that freedom is very important. People deserve the right to make their own choices and live in a society where they are treated fairly.Another historical event that had a big impact is World War II. It was a terrible war that involved many countries and caused a lot of suffering. I learned that war is destructive and brings sadness to people's lives. It is important to remember this event so that we can work together to create a peaceful world. We should learn to solve our problems through peaceful means and respect each other's differences.The Civil Rights Movement is also an important historical event. It took place in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s. African Americans fought for their rights to be treated equally and to end segregation. I learned that everyone should be treated with respect and fairness, regardless of their race, gender, or background. It is important to stand up for what is right and to fight against discrimination.In addition to these events, I have also learned about the ancient civilizations like the Egyptians and the Greeks. It isfascinating to learn about their cultures, inventions, and ways of life. They have left a lasting impact on the world, and we can still see their influence today. It makes me appreciate the achievements of our ancestors and understand the importance of preserving our history.Studying historical events has helped me realize that the decisions we make today can shape the future. It is important to learn from the mistakes of the past and make choices that will lead to a better world. History teaches us about courage, resilience, and the power of unity. We can learn from the heroes of the past and strive to become heroes ourselves.In conclusion, history is not just about memorizing dates and names. It is about understanding the lessons and values that these events teach us. By studying historical events, we can gain a better understanding of the world and become better citizens. Let us remember the past, appreciate the present, and work together to create a brighter future for all.Remember, we are the future generation, and we have the power to make a difference!Thank you for listening to my thoughts on historical events. I hope you found it interesting and inspiring. Let's continue to learn and grow together!Word Count: 405 words篇5History Teaches Us Important LessonsHistory is all about learning from the past. By studying what happened long ago, we can understand why things are the way they are today. And we can also learn important lessons that can help make the world a better place.One big lesson history teaches us is that war is really terrible and should be avoided if at all possible. Wars cause so much suffering, destruction and death. Millions of people have died in wars over the centuries. Families get torn apart, cities get bombed, and so many lives are ruined.Learning about wars in history like World War I and World War II shows just how awful and cruel warfare can be. Seeing pictures of the trenches soldiers had to live in, or reading about things like the Holocaust where millions of innocent people were killed, makes me feel sick. Why can't we all just get along instead of fighting?History also teaches us that prejudice and discrimination are very wrong and hurtful. For a long time, many societiesdiscriminated against certain groups of people because of their race, religion, gender, or other differences. Black people were enslaved and denied basic rights. Women couldn't vote or own property. Jewish people were persecuted and killed just for being Jewish.Reading about things like the American Civil Rights Movement and leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks inspires me. It took incredibly brave people standing up for justice and equality to start changing society's unjust laws and attitudes. We should treat everyone with respect and kindness, no matter what they look like or where they come from.Another lesson from history is the importance of democracy and freedom of speech. In many places around the world in the past, people lived under the brutal control of dictators like Hitler, Stalin, or Mao Zedong. Citizens had no rights, could be jailed for disagreeing with the leader, and had to do whatever they were told.Democracy isn't perfect, but it allows people to have a voice in how they are governed through being able to vote. And freedom of speech means you can share ideas without being punished. I feel very fortunate to live in a democratic societytoday because of the people throughout history who fought for liberty.Looking at major events from the past like the American Revolution and French Revolution shows how much sacrifice and struggle it took for people to gain basic rights and freedoms most of us enjoy today. The path to democracy was long and difficult, but ultimately worth it.History also reminds us of the amazing things humans can achieve when we work together and use our intelligence and creativity. The Ancient Egyptians constructed the incredible pyramids that still stand today. The Ancient Greeks gave us democracy and many developments in math, science and philosophy that we still use.During the Renaissance, artists like Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci created beautiful paintings, sculptures and inventions that showed human potential. And the Industrial Revolution led to machines and technology that made our modern world possible. Studying these periods inspires me to work hard and use my talents to maybe create something special too someday.But history also shows how strong and resilient people can be in overcoming hardship and injustice. The UndergroundRailroad helped slaves escape to freedom against all odds. People like Harriet Tubman, Susan B. Anthony and Malala Yousafzai fought courageously for human rights and became heroes.To me, the most important message of history is that each individual has the power to make a difference and change the world for better or worse through their choices and actions. The leaders, inventors, activists, artists and other famous figures of history were just regular people who decided to do something meaningful and impactful.By learning about the mistakes and successes of the past, I feel I can make smarter decisions to help create more peace, freedom, equality and progress for everyone on this planet we all share. Instead of repeating the same cycles of hatred, oppression and violence, I want to add my part to the ongoing story of human rights, democracy and using our potential for good.History shapes who we are today and where we are headed tomorrow. The lessons it offers may be from long ago, but they are still just as powerful and relevant today. By understanding our past, we can build a brighter future for all.篇6Understanding History and Learning from the PastHave you ever wondered what life was like a really long time ago? Like, hundreds or even thousands of years in the past? I sure have! History is super fascinating to me. It's almost like getting to travel through time and see how people lived way back when. And you know what's really cool? Learning about history can actually teach us a lot of important lessons that we can apply to our lives today.One thing I've learned from studying history is that change is always happening, whether we like it or not. The world is constantly evolving and transforming in all kinds of ways. Back in ancient times, people lived very differently than we do now. They didn't have modern technology, advanced medicine, or even electricity! Can you imagine living without your phone, video games, and all the other awesome gadgets we have today? It would be SO different.But you know what's amazing? Even though their lives seemed really basic compared to ours, ancient people were actually really smart and creative. They invented things like the wheel, the calendar, and writing systems. They built incredible structures like the pyramids in Egypt and the Colosseum in Rome. They made art, music, and told stories that are still famous today.It just goes to show that humans have always found ways to innovate and progress, no matter what challenges they faced.Another cool thing about history is seeing how different cultures and civilizations have influenced each other over time. People have been exploring, trading, and interacting with each other for centuries. Ideas, inventions, and traditions have spread all around the world, shaping the way we live. For example, did you know that many of the mathematical concepts we learn in school today, like algebra and geometry, were first developed by ancient scholars in places like Greece, India, and the Middle East? Or that a lot of the foods we enjoy, like pasta, came from other parts of the world through trade routes? It's amazing how connected the world has been, even before modern times.One example that really sticks out to me is the story of people like Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, and other civil rights leaders who fought against racial segregation and discrimination. Back in the 1950s and 1960s, there were laws in some parts of the United States that treated people differently based on the color of their skin. African Americans and other minority groups faced a lot of unfair treatment and injustice. But through peaceful protests, inspiring speeches, and a whole lot of courage, these amazing people helped change those unjust lawsand made the world a more equal place. Their actions showed that even in the darkest of times, ordinary people can make an extraordinary difference by standing up for what's right.That's just one example, but there are so many other stories throughout history of people overcoming incredible challenges and fighting for positive change. From the brave soldiers who fought against tyranny in World War II, to the women's rights activists who campaigned for equality and the right to vote, to the environmentalists working hard today to protect our planet –history is full of inspiring examples of humans coming together to make the world a better place.So why is learning about history so important? Well, for starters, it helps us understand where we came from and how we got to where we are today. It's like looking at an amazing big picture that's been painted over centuries and centuries. And the more we learn about that picture, the better we can appreciate all the different colors, brushstrokes, and details that make it so incredible.But beyond that, studying history can also teach us valuable lessons that we can apply to our own lives right now. It shows us that change is constant, and even though it might seem scary sometimes, humans have an amazing ability to adapt and grow.It reminds us to be open-minded and respectful of different cultures and traditions, because we're all part of this big, beautiful, diverse world. And most importantly, it inspires us to have courage, to stand up for what's right, and to work towards making the world a kinder, fairer, and more peaceful place for everyone.So the next time you're learning about history in school, or reading a book about past events, or even visiting a museum, remember to keep an open mind and an open heart. Look for the lessons and the inspiration hidden within those stories from long ago. And who knows? Maybe one day, people will be learning about you and the amazing things you did to make a positive impact on the world. How cool would that be?。
英语国家社会与文化(美1)
(b) the Iroquois, the Pueblo, and the Pima Indians
(c) Yadkin, Coles Creeks, and Smoky Hills. 3. The first English permanent settlement was founded in 1607 in which of the following places: (a) New York (b) San Francisco (c) Virginia.
The USA --American Beginning
Preface
Hello Class! In today's class we are going to deal with the first chapter on the history of the United States of America. As is known to all, America is a new nation and the product of the Western civilization. In fact, the American continent was first discovered by an Italian sailor called Christopher Columbus in 1492. And the United States was not officially founded until 1776 when 13 former British colonies rose up against the British Empire and fought a war for their independence. But, before we start, let's take the time to preview some of the questions regarding the history of the United States. Please see if you can answer the following questions. Please supply the correct answers, if you happen to know them, in the space bellow.
英语专业八级人文知识练习题：美国文学
英语专业八级人文知识练习题：美国文学第一篇：英语专业八级人文知识练习题：美国文学1.The Old Man and the Sea is one of the great works by ____A Jack LondonB Charles DickensC Samuel ColeridgeD Ernest Hemingway2.In which novel can “Yahoo” be found?A John Bunyan's Pilgrim's ProgressB Edmund Spencer's The Faerie QueenC Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's TravelsD Henry Fielding's Tom Jones3.The Catcher in the Rye is written by ____A J.D.SalingerB Jack LondonC Flannery O'ConnorD Saul Bellow4.The image of the famous “henpecked husband” is created by____A Washington IrvingB Fennimore CooperC Edith WhartonD William Dean Howells5.The literary spokesman of the Jazz is often thought to be ____A O'NeilB PoundC Robert FrostD Scott Fitzgerald6.____ is the most important person of the transcendental club.A HawthornB WhitmanC EmersonD Hemingway7.The main theme of Emily Dickinson is the following except____A fridendshipB love and marriageC life and deathD war and peace8.Robert Frost is a famous ____A novelistB playwrightC poetD literary critic9.Dover Beach is written by ____A Robert BrowningB Alfred TennysonC Mathew ArnoldD Dylan Thomas10.The period from 1865-1914 has been referred to as the ____ in the literary history of the United States.A Age of RealismB Age of ClasicalismC Age of RomanticismD Age of Renaissance答案及解析:1.D 《老人与海》是海明威的作品。
英语国家概况标准模拟试卷五
I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answer to the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (50 points, I point for each)1.The British Isles are made up of _A_ large islands and hundreds of small ones.A.twoB. threeC. fourD.five2.The Norwegian Vikings and the Danes captured York , an important center of Christianity in _B_A. 835B. 867C. 876D.8783.The spirit of the Magna Carta was the limitation of the powers of _D_, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.A. the Archbishop of CanterburyB.the baronsC.the churchD.the king4.The nobles force King John to sign _A_ on June 19, 1215.A. the Great CharterB. the People's CharterC.the Declaration of BtredaD.the Bill of Rights.5.In _C_ , Philip II of Spain dispateched the fleet to invade Englad without success.A. 1585B.1587C. 1588D.15896.The Commonwealth of England created by Oliver Cromwell lasted only _B_ years.A. 10B.11C.12D.137.One of Cromwell's first acts after declaring England a Commonwealth, was to crush a rebellion in _D_A. ScotlandB.WalesC. EnglandD.Ireland.8.The first steam engine was devised by _b_ at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor James Watt modified and improved the design.A. Robert BakewellB.Thomas NewcomerC.Jethro TullD.Thomas Coke9.By _A_ Britain had built up a big empire, "on which the sun never set".A. 1900B.1910C. 1920D.193010.The spark of the First World War was struck at Sarajevo on June 28, _B_, when the Austrian Crown Prince Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist.A. 1913B. 1914C. 1915D.191611.At the general election of 1945 Winston Churchill was heavily defeated, becaus_D_.A. people did not support his postwar policiesB. Britain's old-colonial possessions were leftC. Britain failed to become a full member of the EECD. people wanted to forget about the war behind them and as Churchill had symbolized the war effort12.In 1982, teh Falkland Islands War broke out between Britain and _a_A. ArgentinaB.BrazilC. PeruD.Columbia13.The MOnarchy is the oldest institution of government, going back to at least_B_century.A.the 8thB.the 9thC.the 10thD.the 11th14.By tradition,the leader of the majority party is appointed _A_ by teh Sovereign in the United Kingdom.A. the Prime MinisterB.Member of ParliamentC. Lord of AppealD.Speaker of the House15.Bills concerning finance are always introduced in _a.A. the House of CommonsB. the House of LordsC.Both HousesD.the Privy Council16.The seventh Sunday after Easter is _C_A. Good FridayB.Easter SundayC. Whit SundayD.not a festival17.The home of golf is _A_ where the game has been played since the _century.A. Scotland, 17thB.England, 17thC.England, 18thD.Scotland, 18th18.B_ is an integral and pervasive influence on national life and culture of Ireland.A. ProtestantismB. CatholicismC. Calvinist doctrineD.Idealism19.Ireland was invaded by a number of Celtic tribes in prehistoric times and the most important were_A_A.the GaelsB.teh DanceC.the VikingsD.Anglo-Saxons20.When did the Republic of Ireland join the EC? DA.In 1954B. In 1955C. In 1970D.In 197321.The United States is _C_A. the most populous country in the worldB.the second most populous country in the worldC.the third most populous country in the worldD.the fourth most populous country in the world22._d_ was meant to guarantee the blacks and others the right to vote.A. Emancipation Proclamation in 1863B.the Civil Rights Act of 1964C.the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1865D.the Voting Rights Act of 196523.The three Puritan traditions are _A_A. religious tolerance, respect for achievement and respect for learningB.religious dissent, aggressiveness and respect for learningC.religious intolerance, respect for achievement and respect for learningD.religious intolerance, aggressiveness and respect for achievement24.Slave labor was widespread in the south because _C_A.the cold weather in the north was not suitable for Negro slavesB.Negro slaves could not cope with machines in factories in the northC.Negro Slaves were best suited for the kind of plantation economy in the southD.the north world not allow slavery to spread into their states25.Why did President Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation?dA. Because President Lincoln himself was an abolitionistB. Because he wanted to punish the slave-owners in those states which broke away fromthe union.C. Because he has no other alternativeD.Because he realized that in order to win the war, he should make it a just war against slavery so as to rally as many people as possible under the banner of the Federal Government26.Sacco and Vanzatti were sentenced to death and executed because _A_A. of their radical political ideasB. they were guilty of killing two peopleC.they were members of KKKD.they stole $16,00027.One of the measures taken by the Roosevelt Administration in the New Deal was _C_A. to close down more banksB.to further loosen the control of financial institutionsC.to adopt a number of labor laws to raise the role of labor in the relations of productionD.to encourage farm production28.During the WWII, the Axis powers were mainly made up by _D_A. Germany, France and JapanB.France,Japan and BritainC.Germany, Italy and BritainD.Germany, Italy and Japan29.Soon after the establishment of diplomatic relations, the Congress, supported by the _D_ Administration, adopted the Taiwan Relations Act.A. KennedyB.JohnsonC.TrumanD.Carter30.Since Truman sent the 7th Fleet, the key problem in U.S.-China relations has been the _D_ problemA.economiciatryC. territoryD.Taiwan31.Currently U.S. exports are about _B_ of the world's total.A. 13%B.15%C. 17%D.30%32.The U.S. system of government is based on _A_ of powers.A. separationB.concerntrationC.centralizationD.central control33.In the United States, the "winner-take-all" system applies to _C_A.all the statesB.a majority of the statesC.all states except MaineD.only Maine34.of the four kinds of high schools _B high schools only aim to prepare students for college.prehensiveB. acaademicC.vocationalD.technical35.The 1983 report "A Nation At Risk" cited _D_ as examples of the decline of educational standards?A. high rates of adult illiteracyB.decliining SAT scoresC.low scores on itnernational comparison of knowledge by American studentsD.All of above36.Mark Twain's master work was _B_A. The Sketch BookB.The Adventure of Huckleberry FinnC.The Adventures of Tom SawyerD.The Celebrated Jumping Frog37.Easter celebrates the rising of Jesus Christ from his tomb while Christmas celebrates the _A_ of Jesus Christ.A.birthB.rising to heavenC.meeting with angelD.none of the above38.The highest peak in Canada, Mount Logan, is in the _D_ of northwest Canada.A. HalifaxB. AlbertaC. Northern TerritoryD.Yukon Territory39.Who was the first European to discover Canada?AA.John CabotB. Jacques CartierC. Samuel de ChamplainD.Henry Hudson.40.In 1905 two more provinces were created . They were _C_A.Qntario and QuebecB.Manitoba and British ColumbiaC.Alberta and SaskatchewanD.Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island41.Quebec, Ontario, New Brunswick and _C_ jointed in 1867 in a "Confederation."A. AlbertaB. ManitobaC. Nova ScotiaD.Saskatchewan42.The majority of French-speaking Canadians live in _C_A.New BrunswickB.OntarioC. QuebecD.Nova Scotia43.The geographical structure of Australia is generally divided into three topographical regions:cA. the Eastern Plateau, the Central highlands and the Western Lowlands.B. the Central Plateau, the Western highlands and the Eastern Lowlands.C. the Western Plateau, the Eastern highlands and the Central Eastern Lowlands.D.the Central Plateau, the Western highlands and the Eastern Lowlands.44.The highest point in Australia is _B_A. Mount YukonB.Mount KosciuscoC. Ben NevisD.Scafell45._b_is the smallest mainland state in Australia.A.QueenslandB. VictoriaC.TasmaniaD.Western Australia46.Australia's most famous national park, which used to be known as Ayers Rock, is now called _A_ in teh Aboriginal language.A. UluruB.YolnguC.AnanguD.Nungga47.In 1988, Australia celebrated its _C_ anniversary of the founding of the first white settlement there.A.100thB.150thC.200thD.250th48.New Zealand's highest peak is _C_ in the mountain range called teh southern Alps.A. Mount NgauruhoeB.Mount TongariroC. Mount CookD.Mount Taranaki49.A fault line runs the length of New Zealand, which means that it often has _C_A. floodsB.volcanic eruptionsC.earthquakesD.droughts50.The sunning town in New Zealand is _A_A. NelsonB.ManawatuC.WaitakeiD.ChristchurchII. Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following question. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet (30 points, 3 points for each)51.Why did William I give his barons large estates in England?William I gave large estates to his barons because he wanted to get a promise of military service and a proportion of the land's produce.52.What was Queen Mary known as?She was known as the "Bloody Mary" and also remembered as the monarch who lost the last British possession on the continent -French port of Calais during a renewed war with France.53.Which war was relatively smooth, wih no bloodshed, nor any execution of the king in Britain?It is the Glorious Revolution.54.Why does the United States have an ideal location for trade？Because America's Atlantic coast faces the developed countries of Western Europe and its Pacific coast and Hawaii give the nation an approach to the Far East and Australiasia.55.What is the hightest duty of the President in the United States?The hightest duty of the President is the execution or carrying out of the law.56.Who was the first to explore fully the possibilities of free verse?Walt Witman was the first to explore fully the possibilities of free verse.57.What happened to the French colony after the Seven Years'War?After the Seven Years'War the French were forced to give up every inch of land in North America and the whole of Canada came under the British rule.58.How do children in remote areas of Australia receive their education?They receive their education at home through a radio educational system called school of the air.59.What do you think is the most noticeable feature of New Zealand geogrophy?The mountains widely spread all over the country where active volcanoes scatter.60.What caused the land disputes between the Maoris and the settlers in New Zealand?When Maori people started to restrict land sales (as was their right under the treaty) the government came udner pressure from the land hungry settlers Relaitons got worse and war broke out in North Island in the 1860's.Ш Exp lain each of the following terms in English. Write yore- answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words. (20 points, 5 points for each)61.the Great CharterKing John's reign caused much discontent among the barons. In 1215, he was forced to sign a document , known as Magna Carta, or the Great Charter. It has 63 clauses. Though it has long been regarded as the foundation of English liberities,its spirit was the limitation of the king's powers, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.62.Wars of RosesThey refer to the battles between the House of Lancaster and the House of York between 1445 and 1485. The former was symbolized by the red rose, and the latter by the white one. After the wars, feudalism received its death blow and the king's power became supreme. Tudor monarchs ruled England and Wales for over two hundred years.63."Great Compromise" of July 16On July 16,1787, the delegates at the Constitutional Convention agreed to give each state an equal vote in the Senate but making representation in the House reflect the size of each state's population.64.TranscendentalismTranscendentalism was a movement that emerged in the 1830s and 1840samong American young intellectuals which emphasized man's potentiality for goodness , creativity, and self-development. Ralph Waldo Emerson was regarded as the leader of the movement.。
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England and the Colonies
Relations with England
1. Mercantilism-
2. Navigation Acts-
3. Tensions Emerge-
a. Dominion of New England-
b. Glorious Revolution-
4. Salutary neglect-
The Southern Colonies
5. Plantation economy-
a. Cash crops-
b. climate-
6. Slavery in the colonies-
a. African slave trade-
b. middle passage-
c. Stono Rebellion of 1739
Northern Colonies
7. Commerce
3 types of industry-
8. Culture of diversity-
5 immigrant groups-
9. Enlightenment-
a. Benjamin Franklin
b. Jonathan Edwards
c. Great Awakening
Colonial Wars
Background-
10. French Land-
11. Louisiana-
12. Ohio Valley-
13. Fort Duquesne-
14. Albany Plan
15. French and Indian War-
a. causes
b. locations
c. key people
d. defeat into victory
e. treaty of Paris