2016年北京西城高三二模理综试题及答案(word版)

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【高考模拟试题及答案】2016北京市西城区高三二模理科数学试题及答案

【高考模拟试题及答案】2016北京市西城区高三二模理科数学试题及答案

【高考模拟试题及答案】2016北京市西城区高三二模理科数
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西城区2016届高三二模物理试题及答案(word版)

西城区2016届高三二模物理试题及答案(word版)

13.关于两个分子之间的相互作用力和分子势能,下列判断正确的是A. 两分子处于平衡位置,分子间没有引力和斥力B. 两分子间距离减小,分子间的引力和斥力都增大C. 两分子间距离减小,分子势能一定减小D. 两分子间距离增大,分子势能一定增大 14.下列几个光现象中,属于衍射现象的是A .水中的气泡看起来特别明亮B .白光通过三棱镜在屏上出现彩色光带C .在阳光照射下肥皂泡上出现彩色花纹D .通过两支铅笔夹成的狭缝看点亮的日光灯出现彩色条纹15.为纪念中国航天事业的成就,发扬航天精神,自2016年起,将每年的4月24日设立为“中国航天日”。

在46年前的这一天,中国第一颗人造卫星发射成功。

至今中国已发射了逾百颗人造地球卫星。

关于环绕地球做圆周运动的卫星,下列说法正确的是 A .卫星的向心加速度一定小于9.8m/s 2 B .卫星的环绕速度可能大于7.9km/s C .卫星的环绕周期一定等于24hD .卫星做圆周运动的圆心不一定在地心上16.如图所示,有一圆形匀强磁场区域,O 为圆的圆心,磁场方向垂直纸面向里。

两个正、负电子a 、b ,以不同的速率沿着PO 方向进入磁场,运动轨迹如图所示。

不计电子之间的相互作用及重力。

a 与bA .a 为正电子,b 为负电子B .b 的速率较大C .a 在磁场中所受洛伦兹力较大D .b 在磁场中运动的时间较长17.如图1所示,线圈abcd 固定于匀强磁场中,磁场方向垂直纸面向外,磁感应强度随时间的变化情况如 图2所示。

下列关于ab 边所受安培力随时间变化的 F -t 图像(规定安培力方向向右为正)正确的是C D图1图218.航天员王亚平曾经在天宫一号实验舱内进行了中国首次太空授课,通过几个趣味实验展示了物体在完全失重状态下的一些物理现象。

其中一个实验如图所示,将支架固定在桌面上,细绳一端系于支架上的O 点,另一端拴着一颗钢质小球。

现轻轻将绳拉直但未绷紧,小球被拉至图中a 点或b 点。

2016年北京西城高三二模英语试题及答案(word版)

2016年北京西城高三二模英语试题及答案(word版)

2016年西城高三二模英语试题与答案市西城区2016年高三二模试卷英语2016.5第一部分:听力理解〔共三节,30分〕第一节〔共5小题;每小题1.5分,共7.5分〕听下面5段对话.每段对话后有一道小题,从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项.听完每段对话后,你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题.每段对话你将听一遍.例:What is the man going to read?A. A newspaper.B. A magazine.C. A book.答案是A.1. How does the man feel about his playing at the concert?A. Surprised.B. Worried.C. Excited.2. What do we know about the man’s pets?A. They get along well.B. They came on the same day.C. They are in separate rooms.3. Where does this dialogue probably take place?A. In the office.B. At the hotel.C. At the hospital.4. When is Tina going to arrive?A. At 7:30 am.B. At 8:30 am.C. At 7:30pm.5. Why does the woman need the cell phone?A. To take pictures.B. To call her friends.C. To share phone numbers.第二节〔共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分〕听下面4段对话或独白.每段对话或独白后有几道小题,从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项.听每段对话或独白前,你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题.听完后,每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间.每段对话或独白你将听两遍.听第6段材料,回答第6至7题.6. Why does the man ask the woman questions about smoking?A. He wants to stop smoking.B. He doesn’t like smoking.C. He is doing some research.7. What do we know about the woman’s husband?A. He smokes a lot at home.B. He is trying to stop smoking.C.He has an illness from smoking.听第7段材料,回答第8至9题.8. Why did the man get the ticket?A. He ran into a passing car.B. He went through the red light.C. He stopped on the double yellow line.9. What will the man have to do in the end?A. Pay the fine.B. Go to the hospital.C. Repair the car.听第8段材料,回答第10至12题.10. What are the two speakers talking about?A. The bad weather.B. The weekend plan.C. The classic movie.11. What does the woman like about the classics?A. They make people think.B. They are funny and interesting.C. They are old but express new ideas.12. What did the two speakers decide to do at last?A. Go to the cinema.B. Go out for a walk.C. Go to the outdoor movie.听第9段材料,回答第13至15题.13. What is the speaker?A. A travel agent.B. A job adviser.C. A business traveler.14. How much does the trip to Hawaii cost at least?A. 199 pounds.B. 372 pounds.C. 400 pounds.15. Which is the place suggested by the speaker in the package holiday?A. Florida.B. Scotland.C. Wales.第三节〔共5小题;每小题1.5分,共7.5分〕听下面一段对话,完成第16至20五道小题,每小题仅填写一个..词.听对话前,你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题,听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间.这段对话你将听两遍.第二部分:知识运用〔共两节,45分〕第一节单项填空〔共15小题;每小题1分,共15分〕从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.例:It’s so nice to hear from her again. _____, we last met more than thirty years ago.A.What’s moreB.That’s to sayC.In other wordsD.Believe it or not答案是D.21. Mobile payment ______ more and more popular in the last two years.A. has becomeB. will becomeC. becameD. had become22. It is the talent and hard work of the musical group ______ allow them to win over many fans.A. whoB. thatC. whichD. where23. —You seem familiar with the rainforest.—I ______ in South America for two years.A. liveB. was livingC. livedD. had lived24. A "charity wall〞, ______ spare clothes and books for people in need, recently appeared on a street in Beijing.A. collectsB. collectedC. collectingD. being collected25. ______ I’m not good at art, I do have a good appreciation of art products.A. BecauseB. SinceC. IfD. While26. The suggestion, if ______, will mean fundamental changes to the electrical system.A. acceptingB. acceptC. to acceptD. accepted27. Home is ______ we complain the most, but are often treated the best.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. how28. It is said that amost popular emoji <expression of emotion on the Internet> is the "face withthe rolling eyes〞, ______ is used in 14 percent of text messages.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. whose29. Born in a poor village, she knows ______ education means to people, especially to thosewithout it.A. whatB. whoC. whenD. why30. China has introduced a national two-child policy ______ the challenge of an aging population.A.to meetB. meetC. metD. meets31. Today if you never register for a network course, you ______ as behind the times.A. will seeB. will be seenC. seeD. were seen32. Not drinking enough water ______ lead to headache and poor physical performance.A. canB. mustC. shouldD. need33. I told you to keep the dog ______ the bed. I don’t want dog hair all over the bedspread.A. overB. alongC. towardsD. off34. If I weren’t so tired, I ______ with you to the movie tonight.A. will goB. would have goneC. would goD. went35. Justin ______ a book about his adventures in Tibet now. I hope he can find a goodpublisher when he has finished.A. wroteB. is writingC. has writtenD. was writing第二节完形填空〔共20小题;每小题1.5分,共30分〕阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.A Very Special Special OlympianThe professor was searching for student volunteers in the lecture room for a Special Olympics event. As the sign-up sheet went up and down the rows, I started to come up with my 36 . Maybe it was the distance to the college where the event was to take place, or the early hour that 37 had to report for duty. Whatever the reasons that made me hesitate, I am thankful to this day that I 38 up volunteering. If I had missed the event, I would have missed one of the most unforgettable moments that I have ever 39 .I arrived at the volunteer tent bright and early. My task was 40 . I was to stand at the finish line only and wait until the event was over and then take the 41 to the announcing booth<公告处>. Standing at the finish line, I was able to witness many amazing efforts and close races. I was most impressed by the effort each athlete put into his or her 42 . What also impressed me was the sincere 43 each athlete expressed while participating though sometimes the joy of participating in a sporting event can get 44 in the fierce competition of winning and losing.Then an amazing moment happened right before my eyes. A group of athletes were 45up to run a short race. One of them was in a wheelchair, a little girl with a 46 smile, wearing bright bows in her hair. Her smile filled the stadium that day. I couldn’t help but smile back at her.The gun sounded. They were off. Runners sped up in the 47 with all their might. My eyes48 for the little girl with the bright bows. There she was, pumping her arms with all the49 she had. Her efforts were getting little result, but that did not stop her. I noticed as she got closer that she also had an injured arm. But that did not stop this bright star. The race was long over 50 the young athlete kept pumping her arms. As she finally 51 the finish line, the noise of the crowd was thunderous. There I stood 52 , with tears falling down my cheeks.After all these years, I can still hear those cheers. I wish I could thank that remarkable athlete for what her efforts 53 this unmotivated college guy. I grew up a lot that day because of the 54 of that little girl in the wheelchair. I was 55 that day of a poem from a book that states, "Whatever you do, do it with all your might.〞36. A. ideasB. plansC. suggestionsD. excuses37. A. runnersB. studentsC. volunteersD. advisors38. A. gave B. endedC. stayedD. woke39. A. ignoredB. controlledC. witnessedD. imagined40. A. simpleB. difficultC. interestingD. tiring41. A. prizeB. athleteC. resultD. winner42. A. mindB. eventC. victoryD. body43. A. joyB. beliefC. trustD. confidence44. A. stuckB. increasedC.respectedD. lost45. A. mixedB. calledC. linedD. piled46. A. hugeB. narrowC. weakD. hard47. A. courtB. trackC. fieldD. platform48. A. hopedB. caredC. preparedD. searched49. A. desiresB. courageC. energyD. dreams50. A. but B.andC. orD. so51. A. felt B. nearedC. tookD. raised52. A. cheering B.waitingC. calculatingD. recording53. A. paidB. owedC. disappointedD. taught54. A. honestyB. braveryC. popularityD. creativity55. A. warnedB. rmedD. reminded第三部分:阅读理解〔共两节,40分〕第一节〔共15小题;每小题2分,共30分〕阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.AThe following safety risks may result in seriousinjury or death to the user of the MINI Cooper S:●This product contains small parts that are foradult assembly <组装> only. Keep small childrenaway when assembling. Remove all protectivematerials before assembly. Be sure to remove allpackaging materials and parts from underneaththe car body.●Battery posts contain lead known to the state of California to cause cancer and reproductiveharm. Never open the battery.●Body parts such as hands, legs, hair and clothing can get caught in moving parts. Never placea body part near a moving part or wear loose clothing while using the vehicle. Always wearshoes when using the vehicle.●Using the vehicle near streets, motor vehicles, drop-offs such assteps, water <swimmingpools> or other bodies of water, hills, wet areas, in alleys, at night or in the dark could result in an unexpected accident. Instead, use the vehicle on the highway. Always use the vehicle in a safe, secure environment.●Using the vehicle in unsafe conditions such as snow, rain, loose dirt, mud, or sand may resultin unexpected action, for example tip over.●Using the vehicle in an unsafe manner. Examples include but are not limited to:∙Pulling the vehicle with another vehicle or similar device∙Allowing more than two riders∙Pushing the user from the back∙Traveling at an unsafe speed●Always use common sense and safe practices when using the vehicle.●Store the vehicle indoors or cover it to protect it from weather. Water will damage the motor,electric system, and battery.56. When assembling, you should ______.A. open the battery on the spotB. ignore the packaging materialsC. keep small children off the spotD. take away all protective materials57. According to the text, it is safer to ______.A. have at least four passengersB. push the user from behind at the startC. drive on the highway instead of on hillsD. wear loose clothes while using the vehicle58. Where can you probably find the text?A. An official report.B. A popular magazine.C. A physics textbook.D. A product handbook.BTwo of the saddest words in the English language are "if only〞. I live my life with the goal of never having to say those words, because they convey regret, lost opportunities, mistakes, and disappointment.My father is famous in our family for saying, "Take the extra minute to do it right.〞I always try to live by the "extra minute〞rule. When my children were young and likely to cause accidents, I always thought about what I could do to avoid an "if only〞moment, whether it was somethingminor like moving a cup full of hot coffee away from the edge of a counter, or something that required a little more work such as taping padding <衬垫> onto the sharp corners of a glass coffee table.I don’t only avoid those "if only〞moments when it comes to safety. It’s equally important to avoid "if only〞in our personal relationships. We all know people who lost a loved one and regretted that they had foregone an opportunity to say "I love you〞or "I forgive you.〞When my father announced he was going to the eye doctor across from my office on Good Friday, I told him that it was a holiday for my company and I wouldn’t be here. But then I thought about the fact that he’s 84 years old and I realized that I shouldn’t give up an opportunity to see him. I called him and told him I had decided to go to work on my day off after all.I know there will still be occasions when I have to say "if only〞about something, but my life is definitely better because of my policy of doing everything possible to avoid that eventuality. And even though it takes an extra minute to do something right, or it occasionally takes an hour or two in my busy schedule to make a personal connection, I know that I’m doing the right thing. I’m buying myself peace of mind and that’s the best kind of insurance for my emotional well-being.59. Which of the following is an example of the "extra minute〞rule?A.Start the car the moment everyone is seated.B.Leave the room for a minute with the iron working.C.Wait for an extra minute so that the steak tastes better.D.Move an object out of the way before it trips someone.60. The author decided to go to her office on Good Friday to ______.A.keep her appointment with the eye doctorB. meet her father who was already an old manC.join in the holiday celebration of the companyD.finish her work before the deadline approached61.The underlined word "foregone〞in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.A. abandonedB. lackedC. avoidedD. wasted62.What is the best title for the passage?A.The Emotional Well-beingB.The Two Saddest WordsC.The Most Useful RuleD.The Peace of MindCTurning the lights out or wearing a blindfold while eating could be a quick way to lose weight, according to scientists. The simple trick works because it stops diners eating for pleasure rather than for calories. It also triggers <引发> a part of the brain that is worried that unseen food may go bad.An experiment by the University of Konstanz, in Germany, found that people who were blindfolded consumed nine percent fewer calories before they felt full, compared to those who could see. They also vastly overestimated how much they had eaten because they could not see how much was left on the plate. Blindfolded volunteers estimated they had eaten 88 percent more than they actually had.Scientists believe that not seeing food on the table also allows the body to know when it is full in realtime rather than remembering past experiences where it might have taken a full plate to feel full.In the experiment, 50 people were blindfolded and 40 were allowed to see their food. All were told not to eat within two hours of the experiment. They were then given three 95g bowls of chocolate ice cream and invited to eat for 15 minutes. Their bowls were taken away and the remaining ice-cream weighed, while the participants were quizzed on how much they thought they had eaten.On average the group who could see ate 116g while the blindfolded groups ate 105g. However, the blindfolded group believed they had eaten 197g while compared with 159g for the non-blind volunteers. They were also asked how pleasant the ice-cream tasted and the blindfolded group rated lower than those who could see."The experienced pleasure of eating was significantly lower in the blindfolded group. Not seeing the food might have decreased the appetite. Sight plays an important role in the eating experience and in the overall dining experience.〞Previous studies have shown that the visual influence of food plays a large part in the taste. While restaurants that allow diners to eat in the dark state that it triggers other senses, in fact eating in darkness is likely to taste far milder than usual.63. With the lights out, diners eat less partly because ______.A. they want to quickly finish their mealsB. they trust their feelings more than everC. they focus more on fun than the caloriesD. they worry about the quality of the food64. We can learn from the passage that the blindfolded group ______.A. spent a much longer time eating the same foodB. believed they ate more than they really didC. depended on past experiences to feel fullD. thought the food tasted better than usual65. The last two paragraphs tellus that ______.A. diners are likely to lose their appetite eating in darknessB. sensesrather than sight play an important role in the tasteC. findings of this experiment differ from the previous studiesD. restaurants benefit a lot from allowing diners to eat in the dark66. The main purpose of the passage is to ______.A. provide statistics related to eating in the darkB. offer reasons for people to eat in the dark areasC. inform the readers of the result of an experimentD. persuade the readers to lose weight in a new wayDLet us all raise a glass to AlphaGo and the advance ofartificial intelligence.AlphaGo, DeepMind’s Go-playingAI, just defeated the best Go-playing human, Lee Sedol.But as we drink to its success, we should also begintrying to understand what it means for the future.The number of possible moves in a game of Go is so huge that, in order to win against a player like Lee, AlphaGo was designed to adopt a human-like style of gameplay by using a relativelyrecent development—deep learning. Deep learning uses large data sets, "machine learning〞algorithms <计算程序> and deep neural <神经的> networks to teach the AI how to perform a particular set of tasks. Rather than programming complex Go rules and strategies into AlphaGo, DeepMind designers taught AlphaGo to play the game by feeding it data based on typical Go moves. Then, AlphaGo played against itself, tirelessly learning from its own mistakes and improving its gameplay over time. The results speak for themselves.Deep learning represents a shift in the relationship humans have with their technological creations. It results in AI that displays surprising and unpredictable behaviour. Commenting after his first loss, Lee described being shocked by an unconventional move he claimed no human would ever have made. Demis Hassabis, one of DeepMind’s founders, echoed this comment: "We’re very pleased that AlphaGo played some quite surprising and beautiful moves.〞Unpredictability and surprises are—or can be—a good thing. They can indicate that a system is working well, perhaps better than the humans that came before it. Such is the case with AlphaGo. However, unpredictability also indicates a loss of human control. That Hassabis is surprised at his creation’s behaviour suggests a lack of control in the design. And though some loss of control might be fine in the context of a game such as Go, it raises urgent questions elsewhere.How much and what kind of control should we give up to AI machines? How should we design appropriate human control into AI that requires us to give up some of that very control? Is there some AI that we should just not develop if it means any loss of human control? How much of a say should corporations, governments, experts or citizens have in these matters? These important questions, and many others like them, have emerged in response, but remain unanswered. They require human, not human-like, solutions.So as we drink to the milestone in AI, let’s also drink to the understanding that the time to answer deeply human questions about deep learning and AI is now.67. What contributes most to the unconventional move of AlphaGo in the game?A. The capability of self-improvement.B. The constant input of large data sets.C. The installation of deep neutral networks.D. The knowledge of Go rules and strategies.68.A potential danger of AI is ______.A. the loss of human controlB. the friendly relationshipC. the fierce competitionD. the lack of challenge69.How should we deal with the unpredictability of AI?A. We should stop AI machines from developing even further.B. We should call on the government to solve these problems for us.C. We should rely on ourselves and come up with effective solutions.D. We should invent even more intelligent machines to solve everything.70.What’s the author’s attitude towards this remarkable advance in AI?A. Supportive.B. Optimistic.C. Doubtful.D. Cautious.第二节〔共5小题;每小题2分,共10分〕根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项.Being Left-handed in a Right-handed WorldThe world is designed for right-handed people, but why does a tenth of the population prefer the left? 71The answer to it remains a bit of a mystery. Since scientists have noticed that left-handedness tends to run in families, it’s assumed that left-handedness has a genetic<基因的> component to it.72 In fact, identical twins, who share the same genes, can sometimes prefer to use different hands. There are also plenty of theories on what else might determine which hand you write with, but many experts believe that it’s kind of random.Historically, the left side and left-handedness have been considered a negative thing by many cultures. 73 In some areas, the left hand became known as the "unclean〞hand. In many religions, the right hand of God is the favored hand. For example, Jesus sits at God’s right side. God’s left hand, however, is the hand of judgement. Various activities and experiences become rude or even signs of bad luck when the left hand becomes involved. In some parts of Scotland, it is considered bad luck to meet a left-handed person at the start of a journey. 74 A person giving directions will put their left hand behind them and even physically try to point with their right hand if necessary. In some Asian countries, eating with the left hand is considered impolite.75 People come to realize that left-handedness is natural. People even noticed that many famous people are left-handed, including Benjamin Franklin, Leonardo Da Vinci, and Charlie Chaplin. Some researchers find out that lefties are more creative and can deal with abstract thinking better. The left-handedness is more easily adaptable to the right-handed worldas well. Being left-handed is no longer a sad story now; instead, it is a wonderful gift or maybe it is something you should take pride in.A. In other words, left-handers are born that way.B. Left-handedness used to be regarded as a disability.C. The unfavorable associations of the use of the left hand among cultures are varied.D. Why do they prefer to use their left hand rather than their right hand for routine activities?E. Why do some parents force their left-handed children to become right-handed when writing?F. In Ghana, pointing, gesturing, giving or receiving items with the left hand is considered rude.G. Fortunately, nowadays most societies and cultures no longer reject left-handedness like before.第四部分:书面表达<共两节,35分>第一节〔15分〕假设你是高三学生李华,得知你的美国笔友Peter暑假要来中国旅游并在停留一天.有两条游览路线让他犹豫不决:1〕长城一日游; 2〕天安门广场、故宫一日游.Peter想征询你的意见.请你根据以下内容,给他写一封电子.内容包括:1. 欢迎他来旅游;2. 推荐路线并说明理由;3. 提出可以陪他游览一天.注意:1. 词数不少于50;2. 开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数.Dear Peter,Yours,Li Hua第二节〔20分〕假设你是红星中学的学生李华.请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序,用英文写一篇周记, 记述上周日你和父母一起骑车郊游的过程.注意:词数不少于60.提示词: 郊区the suburbs市西城区2016年高三二模试卷英语答案2016.5第一部分:听力理解〔共三节,30分〕第一节〔共5小题;每小题1.5分,共7.5分〕1. B 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.A第二节〔共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分〕6. C 7.B 8.C 9.A10.B11. A12.C13.A14.B15.A第三节〔共5小题;每小题1.5分,共7.5分〕每小题1.5分.如出现拼写错误不计分;出现大小写、单复数错误扣0.5分;如每小题超过一个词不计分.16.212-889-917217.cooker18.gold 19. measuring 20.Wednesday第二部分:知识运用〔共两节,45分〕第一节单项填空〔共15小题;每小题1分,共15分〕21.A22.B23.C24.C25.D26.D27.B 28.C29.A 30.A31.B 32.A 33.D 34.C35.B第二节完形填空〔共20小题;每小题1.5分,共30分〕36.D37.C38.B39.C 40.A41.C42.B43.A44.D45.C46.A47.B48.D 49.C 50.A51.B52.A53.D54.B55.D第三部分:阅读理解〔共两节,40分〕第一节〔共15小题;每小题2分,共30分〕56.C57.C58.D59.D60.B61.A62.B63.D64.B65.A66.C67.A68.A69.C70.D第二节〔共5小题;每小题2分,共10分〕71.D 72.A 73.C 74.F 75.G第四部分:书面表达〔共两节,35分〕第一节〔15分〕<一>Dear Peter,I’m so excited to hear that you are coming to Beijing this summer vacation. I just can’t wait to see you.Regarding your two choices of how to spend the day, I’d like to recommend the second, a one-day tour of the Forbidden City and Tian’anmen Square. As the largest museum of culture and art in China, and the center of the Beijing city, the two scenic spots have been regarded as must-see attractions, especially for those who will visit Beijing for only one day. Don’t worry about the tour guide. I can accompany you throughout the day. We’re sure to have a good time.I hope my suggestion will be of some help to you. If you have any other questions, just write to me.Yours,Li Hua<二>Dear Peter,I’m so excited to hear that you are coming to Beijing this summer vacation. I just can’t wait to see you.Regarding your two choices of how to spend the day, I’d like to recommend the first, a one-day tour of the Great Wall. It’s said that he who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. As one of the symbols of China, this place of interest has been regarded as a must-see attraction, especially for those who will visit Beijing for only one day. Don’t worry about the tour guide. I can accompany you throughout the day. We’re sure to have a good time.I hope my suggestion will be of some help to you. If you have any other questions, just write to me.Yours,Li Hua。

2016届北京市高三3月综合能力测试(二)理综卷(2016.03)解析

2016届北京市高三3月综合能力测试(二)理综卷(2016.03)解析

2015—2016学年北京卷高三年级综合能力测试(二)(东城区零模)理科综合(生物部分)2016. 3.181. 化学药物是治疗恶性肿瘤的有效方法之一,但总有少量的癌细胞依然能存活,因而常常引起肿瘤的复发。

随着近年来的研究,人们发现了肿瘤干细胞,下列相关说法错误的是()A. 癌组织中各细胞的致癌能力及对化学药物的抗性有很大差别B. 肿瘤干细胞的形成可能与原癌基因和抑癌基因的突变有关C. 肿瘤干细胞具有持续分裂、分化的能力D. 一定剂量的化学药物可以特异性的杀伤恶性肿瘤细胞2. 乙酰胆碱与心肌细胞膜上受体结合会引起心跳减慢。

当兴奋通过神经—心肌突触时,乙酰胆碱会导致心肌细胞膜出现下列哪种变化()A. 对Na+和Ca2+通透性增加B. 对Cl-、K+通透性增加C. 对乙酰胆碱通透性增加D. 迅速产生局部电流3. 仙人掌等多肉植物生长于热带干旱地区,这些植物经长期适应和进化,发展出特殊的固定二氧化碳的方式——景天酸代谢途径(见右图)。

下列相关说法错误的是()A. 晚上气孔开放,CO2被PEP固定为OAA再被还原成苹果酸贮存到液泡中B. 白天这些多肉植物通过光反应可生成[H]和ATPC. 白天气孔关闭,暗反应固定的CO2均来自细胞质基质中的苹果酸直接脱羧D. 采用景天酸代谢途径可防止仙人掌等多肉植物在白天大量散失水分4. 多营养层次综合水产养殖法(IMTA)是一种全新的养殖方式。

例如在加拿大的芬迪湾,人们用网笼养殖蛙鱼,蛙鱼的排泄物顺水而下,为贝类和海带提供养料。

下列与之相关的说法中正确的是()A. 贝类和海带属于生态系统组成成分中的分解者B. IMTA运用了生态工程的物质循环再生原理C. IMTA的实施提高了能量的传递效率,使人类获得了更多的产品D. 笼养蛙鱼的种群密度远大于野生种群,是由于笼养区域的生产者数量更多5. 在生物工程中,科学家已经可以利用多种类型的生物反应器来生产人类需要的生物产品。

下列生物反应器的应用中,必须破坏相应细胞才能获得生物产品的是()A. 利用单克隆抗体制备技术制作精确诊断SARS病毒的试剂盒B. 利用筛选出来的得优质酵母酿造葡萄酒C. 利用植物组织培养技术培育人参细胞快速获得大量人参皂苷D. 利用微生物的发酵作用将沼气池中的有机废物转化为沼气29.(16分)科研人员发现植物在与病原生物的长期互作、协同进化中逐渐形成一系列的防卫机制,而植物激素在防卫机制中起着重要的作用。

北京市西城区2016届高三二模数学(理)试题【含答案】

北京市西城区2016届高三二模数学(理)试题【含答案】

北京市西城区2015-2016学年度第二学期高三综合练习(二)数学(理科)2016.5一、选择题:本大题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在四个选项中,选出符合题目要求的一项. 1.设全集U =R ,集合{}02A x x =<<,{}1B x x =<,则集合()U C A B =( )A .(),0-∞B .(],0-∞C .()2,+∞D .[)2,+∞ 2.若复数z 满足23z z i i +⋅=+,则在复平面内z 对应的点位于( ) A .第一象限 B .第二象限 C .第三象限 D .第四象限3.在ABC ∆中,角A B C 、、所对的边分别为a b c 、、,若()1s i n343A B a c +===,,则sin A =( )A .23B .14C .34D .164.某四棱锥的三视图如图所示,该四棱锥最长棱的棱长为( ) A .2 BC .3 D.5.“a b c d 、、、成等差数列”是“a d b c +=+”的( )A .充分而不必要条件B .必要而不充分条件C .充分必要条件D .既不充分也不必要条件6.某市家庭煤气的使用量()3x m 和煤气费()f x (元)满足关系()()0C x A f x C B x A x A <≤⎧⎪=⎨+->⎪⎩,,,已知家庭今年前三个月的煤气费如下表:若四月份该家庭使用了320m 的煤气,则其煤气费为( )A .11.5 元B .11元C .10.5元D .10元7.如图,点A B 、在函数2log 2y x =+的图像上,点C 在函数2log y x =的图像上,若ABC ∆为等边三角形,且直线//BC y 轴,设点A 的坐标为()mn ,,则m =( ) A .2 B .3 CD8.设直线:340l x y a ++=圆()22:22C x y -+=,若在圆C 上存在两点P Q ,,在直线l 上存在一点M ,使得90∠=PMQ ,则a 的取值范围是( )A .[]18,6- B.6⎡-+⎣ C .[]16,4- D.66⎡---+⎣二、填空题(本大题共6小题,每小题5分,共30分)9.在62x x ⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭的展开式中,常数项等于 .10.设x y ,满足约束条件2110y xx y y ≤⎧⎪+≤⎨⎪+≥⎩,则3z x y =+的最大值为 .11.执行如图所示的程序框图,输出的S 值为 . 12.设双曲线C 的焦点在x轴上,渐近线方程为2y x =±, 则其离心率为 ;若点()42,在C 上,则双曲线C 的方程为 .13.如图,ABC ∆为圆内接三角形,BD 为圆的弦,且//BD AC ,过点A 做圆的切线与BD 的延长线交于点E ,AD 与BC 交于点F ,若45AB AC BD ===,,则AFAD= , AE = .14.在某中学的“校园微电影节”活动中,学校将从微电影的“点播量”和“专家评分”两个角度进行评优.若A 电影的“点播量”和“专家评分”中至少有一项高于B 电影,则称A 电影不亚于B 电影.已知共有10部微电影参展,如果某部电影不亚于其他9部电影,就称此部电影为优秀影片.那么在这10部微电影中,最多可能有 部优秀影片.三、解答题:本大题共6小题,共80分.解答应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤. 15.(本小题满分13分)已知函数()()21cos f x x x =.(Ⅰ)若α为第二象限角,且sin α=,求()f α的值; (Ⅱ)求函数()f x 的定义域和值域.16.(本小题满分13分)某中学有初中学生1800人,高中学生1200人,为了解学生本学期课外阅读时间,现采用分层抽样的方法,从中抽取了100名学生,先统计了他们课外阅读时间,然后按“初中学生”和“高中学生”分为两组,再将每组学生的阅读时间(单位:小时)分为5组:[)010,,[)1020,,[)2030,,[)3040,,[]4050,,并分别加以统计,得到如图所示的频率分布直方图.(Ⅰ)写出a 的值;(Ⅱ)试估计该校所有学生中,阅读时间不小于30个小时的学生人数;(Ⅲ)从阅读时间不足10个小时的样本学生中随机抽取3人,并用X 表示其中初中生的人数,求X 的分布列和数学期望.17.(本小题满分14分)如图,正方形ABCD 的边长为4,E F 、分别为BC DA 、的中点,将正方形ABCD 沿着线段EF 折起,使得60DFA ∠=,设G 为AF 的中点. (Ⅰ)求证:DG EF ⊥;(Ⅱ)求直线GA 与平面BCF 所成角的正弦值;(Ⅲ)设P Q 、分别为线段DG CF 、上一点,且//PQ 平面ABEF ,求线段PQ 长度的最小值.设a R ∈,函数()()2x af x x a -=+.(Ⅰ)若函数()f x 在()()00f ,处的切线与直线32y x =-平行,求a 的值; (Ⅱ)若对于定义域内的任意1x ,总存在2x 使得()()21f x f x <,求a 的取值范围.已知椭圆()2222:10x y C a b a b+=>>的两个焦点和短轴的两个顶点构成的四边形是一个正方形,且其周长为(Ⅰ)求椭圆C 的方程;(Ⅱ)设过点()()00B m m >,的直线l 与椭圆C 相交于E F 、两点,点B 关于原点的对称点为D ,若点D 总在以线段EF 为直径的圆内,求m 的取值范围.已知任意的正整数n 都可唯一表示为1100112222kk k k n a a a a --=⋅+⋅+⋅⋅⋅+⋅+⋅,其中{}012101k a a a a k N =⋅⋅⋅∈∈,,,,,.对于n N *∈,数列{}n b 满足:当012k a a a a ⋅⋅⋅,,,中有偶数个1时,0n b =;否则1n b =.如数5可以唯一表示为2105120212=⨯+⨯+⨯,则50b =. (Ⅰ)写出数列{}n b 的前8项;(Ⅱ)求证:数列{}n b 中连续为1的项不超过2项;(Ⅲ)记数列{}n b 的前n 项和为n S ,求满足1026n S =的所有n 的值(结论不要求证明).北京市西城区2016年高三二模试卷参考答案及评分标准高三数学(理科) 2016.5一、选择题:本大题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.D 8.C 二、填空题:本大题共6小题,每小题5分,共30分.9.160 10.7311.527 12 22184x y -=13.456 14.10 注:第12,13题第一问2分,第二问3分.三、解答题:本大题共6小题,共80分. 其他正确解答过程,请参照评分标准给分. 15.(本小题满分13分)(Ⅰ)解:因为 α是第二象限角,且sin α所以cos α==. ………………2分所以sin tan cos ααα== ………………4分所以2()(1f α==. ………………6分 (Ⅱ)解:函数()f x 的定义域为{|x x ∈R ,且ππ,}2x k k ≠+∈Z . ………………8分化简,得2()(1)cos f x x x =2(1x =2cos cos x x x =1cos 222x x +=………………10分 π1sin(2)62x =++, ………………12分 因为x ∈R ,且ππ2x k ≠+,k ∈Z ,所以π7π22π66x k +≠+, 所以1π1sin(2)6x -+≤≤.所以函数()f x 的值域为13[,]22-. ………………13分(注:或许有人会认为“因为ππ2x k ≠+,所以()0f x ≠”,其实不然,因为π()06f -=.)16.(本小题满分13分)(Ⅰ)解:0.03a =. ………………3分 (Ⅱ)解:由分层抽样,知抽取的初中生有60名,高中生有40名. ………………4分 因为初中生中,阅读时间不小于30个小时的学生频率为(0.020.005)100.25+⨯=, 所以所有的初中生中,阅读时间不小于30个小时的学生约有0.251800450⨯=人, ………………6分同理,高中生中,阅读时间不小于30个小时的学生频率为(0.030.005)100.35+⨯=,学生人数约有0.351200420⨯=人.所以该校所有学生中,阅读时间不小于30个小时的学生人数约有450420870+=人. ………………8分(Ⅲ)解:初中生中,阅读时间不足10个小时的学生频率为0.005100.05⨯=,样本人数为0.05603⨯=人.同理,高中生中,阅读时间不足10个小时的学生样本人数为(0.00510)402⨯⨯=人. 故X 的可能取值为1,2,3. ………………9分则 123235C C 3(1)C 10P X ⋅===, 213235C C 3(2)C 5P X ⋅===, 3335C 1(3)C 10P X ===. 所以X 的分布列为:……………… 12分 所以3319()123105105E X =⨯+⨯+⨯=. ………………13分17.(本小题满分14分)(Ⅰ)证明:因为正方形ABCD 中,,E F 分别为,BC DA 的中点,又因为FD FA F =,所以EF ⊥平面DFA . ………………2分 又因为DG ⊂平面DFA ,所以DG EF ⊥. ………………4分 (Ⅱ)解:因为60DFA ∠=,DF FA =,AG GF =, 所以DFA ∆为等边三角形,且DG FA ⊥. 又因为DG EF ⊥,EFFA F =,所以DG ⊥平面ABEF . ………………5分设BE 的中点为H ,连接GH ,则,,GA GH GD 两两垂直,故以,,GA GH GD 分别为x 轴、y 轴和z 轴,如图建立空间直角坐标系,则(0,0,0)G ,(1,0,0)A ,(1,4,0)B,(0,C ,(1,0,0)F -,所以(1,0,0)GA =,(1BC =-,(2,4,0)BF =--. ………………6分 设平面BCF 的一个法向量为(,,)x y z =m , 由0BC ⋅=m ,0BF ⋅=m,得0,240,x x y ⎧-=⎪⎨--=⎪⎩ 令2z =,得2)=m . (7)设直线GA 与平面BCF 所成角为α, 则||257sin |cos ,|19||||GA GA GA α⋅=<>==m m m .即直线GA 与平面BCF 19. ………………9分(Ⅲ)由题意,可设(0,0,)(0P k k ≤,(01)FQ FC λλ=≤≤, 由(1,FC =,得(,4)FQ λλ=,所以(1,4)Q λλ-,(1,4)PQ k λλ--=. ………………10分 由(Ⅱ),得GD =为平面ABEF 的法向量. 因为//PQ 平面ABEF ,所以0GD PQ ⋅=0k -=. ………………11分 所以||(PQ λ==,………………12分 又因为221172117()171716λλλ-+=-+,所以当117λ=时,min ||17PQ =.所以当117λ=,17k =PQ 长度有最小值17. ………………14分18.(本小题满分13分)(Ⅰ)证明:函数()y f x =的定义域{|}D x x x a =∈≠-R 且, ………………1分由题意,(0)f '有意义,所以0a ≠.求导,得244()()2()()(3)()()()x a x a x a x a x a f x x a x a +--⋅++⋅-'==-++. ………………3分 由题意,得243(0)3a f a'==,解得1a =±.验证知1a =±符合题意. ………………5分(Ⅱ)解:“对于定义域内的任意1x ,总存在2x 使得21()()f x f x <”等价于“()f x 不存在最小值”. ………………6分① 当0a =时, 由1()f x x=,得()f x 无最小值,符合题意. ………………7分 ② 当0a >时, 令4()(3)()0()x a x a f x x a +⋅-'=-=+,得x a =- 或 3x a =. ………………8分随着x 的变化时,()f x '与()f x 的变化情况如下:所以函数()f x 的单调递减区间为(,)a -∞-,(3,)a +∞,单调递增区间为(,3)a a -.………………9分因为当x a >时,2()0()x af x x a -=>+,当x a <时,()0f x <,所以只要考虑1(,)x a ∈-∞,且1x a ≠-即可. 当1(,)x a ∈-∞-时,由()f x 在(,)a -∞-上单调递减,且1111||2x x x a a <++<-, 得1111()(||)2f x f x x a >++, 所以存在2111||2x x x a =++,使得21()()f x f x <,符合题意; 同理,当1(,)x a a ∈-时,令2111||2x x x a =-+, 得21()()f x f x <,也符合题意;故当0a >时,对于定义域内的任意1x ,总存在2x 使得21()()f x f x <成立.………11分 ③ 当0a <时,随着x 的变化时,()f x '与()f x 的变化情况如下表:所以函数()f x 的单调递减区间为(,3)a -∞,(,)a -+∞,单调递增区间为(3,)a a -.因为当x a >时,2()0()x af x x a -=>+,当x a <时,()0f x <,所以min ()(3)f x f a =.所以当13x a =时,不存在2x 使得21()()f x f x <.综上所述,a 的取值范围为[0,)a ∈+∞. ………………13分19.(本小题满分14分)(Ⅰ)解:由题意,得:4,a b c ⎧⎪⎨⎪⎩== ………………2分 又因为222c b a +=解得a 1b =,1c =, ………………4分所以椭圆C 的方程为1222=+y x . ………………5分(Ⅱ)解:(方法一)当直线l 的斜率不存在时,由题意知l 的方程为0=x ,此时E ,F 为椭圆的上下顶点,且2=EF ,因为点(0,)D m -总在以线段EF 为直径的圆内,且0m >, 所以10<<m .故点B 在椭圆内. ………………6分 当直线l 的斜率存在时,设l 的方程为m kx y +=.由方程组22,1,2y kx m x y =+⎧⎪⎨+=⎪⎩ 得222(21)4220k x kmx m +++-=, ………………8分 因为点B 在椭圆内,所以直线l 与椭圆C 有两个公共点,即0)22)(12(4)4(222>-+-=∆m k km . 设),(),,(2211y x F y x E ,则122421km x x k -+=+,21222221m x x k -=+. ………………9分 设EF 的中点),(00y x G , 则12222210+-=+=k kmx x x ,12200+=+=k m m kx y , 所以)12,122(22++-k mk km G . ………………10分 所以2222)12()122(m k m k km DG ++++-=124124224+++=k k k m , 2122124)(1x x x x k EF -++=12121222222+-++=k m k k . ………………11分因为点D 总在以线段EF 为直径的圆内, 所以2EF DG <对于k ∈R 恒成立.所以 1212121241242222224+-++<+++k m k k k k k m . 化简,得1323722422242++<++k k m k m k m ,整理,得31222++<k k m , ………………13分而2221221()113333k g k k k +==--=++≥(当且仅当0=k 时等号成立).所以312<m ,由0>m ,得330<<m . 综上,m 的取值范围是330<<m . ………………14分(方法二)… …则122421kmx x k -+=+,21222221m x x k -=+. …………………9分因为点D 总在以线段EF 为直径的圆内,所以0DE DF ⋅<. ………………11分 因为11(,)DE x y m =+,22(,)DF x y m =+, 所以2121212()DE DF x x y y m y y m ⋅=++++2121212()()()x x kx m kx m m kx m kx m m =++++++++ 221212(1)2()4k x x km x x m =++++22222224(1)2402121m kmk km m k k --=+++<++,整理,得31222++<k k m . ………………13分(以下与方法一相同,略)20.(本小题满分13分)(Ⅰ)解:1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1. ………………3分 (Ⅱ)证明:设数列{}n b 中某段连续为1的项从m b 开始,则1m b =.由题意,令1100112222k k k k m a a a a --=⋅+⋅++⋅+⋅,则01,,,k a a a 中有奇数个1.(1)当01,,,k a a a 中无0时,因为1102222k k m -=++++,所以111011202020202k kk m +-+=⨯+⨯+⨯++⨯+⨯, 111021202020212k k k m +-+=⨯+⨯+⨯++⨯+⨯.所以1m b =,11m b +=,20m b +=,此时连续2项为1. ………………5分(2)当01,,,k a a a 中有0时,① 若0k a =,即11001122202k k k m a a a --=⋅+⋅++⋅+⨯,则110011122212k k k m a a a --+=⋅+⋅++⋅+⨯,因为01,,,k a a a 中有奇数个1,所以10m b +=,此时连续1项为1. ………………7分② 若1k a =,即111001 122202121212ik k s s s m a a --=⋅+⋅++⨯+⨯++⨯+⨯连续个乘以,则111001 0212212020202ik k s s s m a a --+=⋅+⋅++⨯+⨯++⨯+⨯连续个乘以,111001(1)0222212020212ik k s s s m a a ---+=⋅+⋅++⨯+⨯++⨯+⨯连续个乘以,(其中i ∈N ) 如果s 为奇数,那么11m b +=,20m b +=,此时连续2项为1. 如果s 为偶数,那么10m b +=,此时仅有1项1m b =.综上所述,连续为1的项不超过2项. ………………10分 (Ⅲ)解:2051n =或2052n =. ………………13分。

2016北京高三一模二模分类汇编(理科)专题:导数与积分

2016北京高三一模二模分类汇编(理科)专题:导数与积分

2016北京高三一模二模分类汇编(理科)专题:导数与积分三、解答题1、(2016东城一模理科 18)设函数,. (Ⅰ)当1a =时,求()f x 的单调区间;(Ⅱ)当时,恒成立,求的取值范围;(Ⅲ)求证:当时,. 2、(2016西城一模理科 18)已知函数1()xx f x xe ae -=-,且'(1)f e =.(Ⅰ) 求a 的值及()f x 的单调区间;(Ⅱ) 若关于x 的方程2()2(2)f x kx k =->存在两个不相等的正实数根12,x x ,证明:124lnx x e->. 3、(2016海淀一模理科 18)已知函数f (x ) =ln x +1x -1,1()ln x g x x-= (Ⅰ)求函数 f (x )的最小值; (Ⅱ)求函数g (x )的单调区间;(Ⅲ)求证:直线 y =x 不是曲线 y =g (x )的切线。

4、(2016朝阳一模理科 18)已知函数()f x =ln ,x a x a +∈R . (Ⅰ)求函数()f x 的单调区间;(Ⅱ)当[]1,2x ∈时,都有()0f x >成立,求a 的取值范围;(Ⅲ)试问过点(13)P ,可作多少条直线与曲线()y f x =相切?并说明理由. 5、(2016石景山一模理科 18)已知函数()sin cos f x x x x =-. (Ⅰ)求曲线)(x f y =在点(())πf π,处的切线方程;(Ⅱ)求证:当(0)2x ∈,π时,31()3f x x <; (Ⅲ)若()cos f x kx x x >-对(0)2x ∈,π恒成立,求实数的最大值.1)(--=x ae x f xR ∈a ),0(+∞∈x 0)(>x f a ),0(+∞∈x 21ln xx e x >-k6、(2016丰台一模理科 18)已知函数()ln f x x x =. (Ⅰ)求曲线()y f x =在点(1,(1))f 处的切线方程; (Ⅱ)求证:()1f x x ≥-;(Ⅲ)若22()(0)f x ax a a≥+≠在区间(0,)+∞上恒成立,求a 的最小值. 7、(2016顺义一模理科 18)已知函数.(Ⅰ)求曲线在点处的切线方程;(Ⅱ)设,若函数在上(这里)恰有两个不同的零点,求实数的取值范围.8、(2016东城二模理科 18)已知2()2ln(2)(1)f x x x =+-+,()(1)g x k x =+. (Ⅰ)求()f x 的单调区间;(Ⅱ)当2k =时,求证:对于1x ∀>-,()()f x g x <恒成立;(Ⅲ)若存在01x >-,使得当0(1,)x x ∈-时,恒有()()f x g x >成立,试求k 的取值范围. 9、(2016西城二模理科 18)设a R ∈,函数2()()x af x x a -=+(1)若函数()f x 在(0,f(0))处的切线与直线y=3x-2平行,求a 的值 (2)若对于定义域内的任意1x ,总存在2x 使得21()()f x f x <,求a 的取值范围 10、(2016海淀二模理科 18)已知函数)()(2a ax x e x f x ++=. (Ⅰ)当1=a 时,求函数()f x 的单调区间;(Ⅱ)若关于x 的不等式()af x e ≤在),[+∞a 上有解,求实数a 的取值范围;(Ⅲ)若曲线()y f x =存在两条互相垂直的切线,求实数a 的取值范围.(只需直接写出结果).11、(2016朝阳二模理科 18)已知函数21()(1)1)ln 2f x x a x a x =-+++-(,a ∈R . (Ⅰ)当3a =时,求曲线:()C y f x =在点(1,(1))f 处的切线方程;(Ⅱ)当时,若曲线:()C y f x =上的点(,)x y 都在不等式组12,,32x x y y x ⎧⎪≤≤⎪≤⎨⎪⎪≤+⎩所表示的平面区域内,试求的取值范围.12、(2016丰台二模理科 18)设函数()e (R)axf x a =∈.(Ⅰ)当2a =-时,求函数2()()g x x f x =在区间(0,)+∞内的最大值;(Ⅱ)若函数2()1()x h x f x =-在区间(0,16)内有两个零点,求实数a 的取值范围.[]1,2x ∈a数学试题答案1、解:(Ⅰ)当1a =时,则()1xf x e x =--, 则'()1xf x e =-. 令'()0,f x =得0.x =所以 当0x <时,'()0f x <,()f x 在(),0-∞上单调递减;当0x >时,'()0f x >,()h x 在(0,)+∞上单调递增;当0x =时,min ()(0)0f x f ==. ……4分 (Ⅱ)因为,所以恒成立,等价于恒成立. 设,, 得, 当时,, 所以 在上单调递减, 所以 时,.因为恒成立, 所以. ……11分(Ⅲ)当时,,等价于. 0>x e 01)(>--=x ae x f xx ex a 1+>xe x x g 1)(+=),0[+∞∈x x xx x exe e x e x g -=+-=2)1()('),0[+∞∈x 0)('≤x g )(x g ),0[+∞),0(+∞∈x 1)0()(=<g x g xe x a 1+>),1[+∞∈a ),0(+∞∈x 21ln xx e x >-012>--xx xe e设,.求导,得.由(Ⅰ)可知,时, e 10x x -->恒成立.所以时,(0,)2x ∈+∞,有2e 102xx -->.所以 '()0h x >.所以在(0,)+∞上单调递增,当时,.因此当时,. ……14分2、(Ⅰ) 解:对()f x 求导,得()'1()1x x f x x e ae -=+-,所以'(1)2f e a e =-=,解得a e =. 故()x x f x xe e =-,'()xf x xe =. 令'()0f x =,得0x =.当x 变化时,'()f x 与()f x 的变化情况如下表所示:(Ⅱ) 解:方程2()2f x kx =-,即为2(1)20xx e kx --+=,设函数2()(1)2xg x x e kx =--+. 求导,得'()2(2)xxg x xe kx x e k =-=-. 由'()0g x =,解得0x =,或ln(2)x k =.所以当(0,)x ∈+∞变化时,'()g x 与()g x 的变化情况如下表所示:1)(2--=x xxe e x h ),0[+∞∈x )12(2)('2222--=--=xe e e x e e x h x x x x x),0(+∞∈x ),0(+∞∈x )(x h ),0(+∞∈x 0)0()(=>h x h ),0(+∞∈x 21ln xx e x >-由2k >,得ln(2)ln 41k >>. 又因为(1)20g k =-+<, 所以(ln(2))0g k <.不妨设12x x <(其中12,x x 为2()2f x kx =-的两个正实数根),因为函数)(x g 在(0,ln(2))k 单调递减,且01)0(>=g ,02-)1(<+=k g , 所以101x <<.同理根据函数)(x g 在(ln(2),)k +∞上单调递增,且(ln(2))0g k <, 可得2ln(2)ln 4x k >>.所以12214ln 41lnx x x x e-=->-=, 即124lnx x e->. 3、(Ⅰ)函数()f x 的定义域为(0,)+∞, …………………1分22111'()x f x x x x -=-=…………………2分 当x 变化时,'()f x ,()f x 的变化情况如下表:…………………4分 函数()f x 在(,)+∞0上的极小值为1()ln1101f a =+-=,所以()f x 的最小值为0 …………………5分 (Ⅱ)解:函数()g x 的定义域为(0,1)(1,)+∞, …………………6分22211ln (1)ln 1()'()ln ln ln x x x f x x x g x xx x --+-===…………………7分 由(Ⅰ)得,()0f x ≥,所以'()0g x ≥…………………8分所以()g x 的单调增区间是(0,1),(1,)+∞,无单调减区间. …………………9分 (Ⅲ)证明:假设直线y x =是曲线()g x 的切线. ………………10分设切点为00(,)x y ,则0'()1g x =,即0021ln 11ln x x x +-= …………………11分 又000001,ln x y y x x -==,则0001ln x x x -=. …………………12分 所以000011ln 1x x x x -==-, 得0'()0g x =,与 0'()1g x =矛盾 所以假设不成立,直线y x =不是曲线()g x 的切线 …………………13分4、解:(Ⅰ)函数()f x 的定义域为{}0x x >.()1a x af x x x+'=+=. (1)当0a ≥时,()0f x '>恒成立,函数()f x 在(0,)+∞上单调递增; (2)当0a <时, 令()0f x '=,得x a =-.当0x a <<-时,()0f x '<,函数()f x 为减函数; 当x a >-时,()0f x '>,函数()f x 为增函数.综上所述,当0a ≥时,函数()f x 的单调递增区间为(0,)+∞.当0a <时,函数()f x 的单调递减区间为(0,)a -,单调递增区间为(+)a -∞,. ……………………………………………………………………………………4分 (Ⅱ)由(Ⅰ)可知,(1)当1a -≤时,即1a ≥-时,函数()f x 在区间[]1,2上为增函数,所以在区间[]1,2上,min ()(1)1f x f ==,显然函数()f x 在区间[]1,2上恒大于零; (2)当12a <-<时,即21a -<<-时,函数()f x 在[)1a -,上为减函数,在(],2a - 上为增函数,所以min ()()ln()f x f a a a a =-=-+-.依题意有min ()ln()0f x a a a =-+->,解得e a >-,所以21a -<<-. (3)当2a -≥时,即2a ≤-时,()f x 在区间[]1,2上为减函数,所以min ()(2)2+ln 2f x f a ==.依题意有min ()2+ln 20f x a =>,解得2ln 2a >-,所以22ln 2a -<≤-. 综上所述,当2ln 2a >-时,函数()f x 在区间[]1,2上恒大于零.………………8分 (Ⅲ)设切点为000,ln )x x a x +(,则切线斜率01a k x =+, 切线方程为0000(ln )(1)()ay x a x x x x -+=+-. 因为切线过点(1,3)P ,则00003(ln )(1)(1)ax a x x x -+=+-. 即001(ln 1)20a x x +--=. ………………① 令1()(ln 1)2g x a x x =+-- (0)x >,则 2211(1)()()a x g x a x x x-'=-=. (1)当0a <时,在区间(0,1)上,()0g x '>, ()g x 单调递增;在区间(1,)+∞上,()0g x '<,()g x 单调递减, 所以函数()g x 的最大值为(1)20g =-<. 故方程()0g x =无解,即不存在0x 满足①式. 因此当0a <时,切线的条数为0.(2)当0a >时, 在区间(0,1)上,()0g x '<,()g x 单调递减,在区间(1,)+∞上,()0g x '>,()g x 单调递增, 所以函数()g x 的最小值为(1)20g =-<.取21+1ee ax =>,则221112()(1e 1)2e 0aa g x a a a----=++--=>.故()g x 在(1,)+∞上存在唯一零点.取2-1-21e<e ax =,则221122()(1e 1)2e 24a a g x a a a a ++=--+--=--212[e 2(1)]aa a+=-+. 设21(1)t t a=+>,()e 2t u t t =-,则()e 2t u t '=-. 当1t >时,()e 2e 20tu t '=->->恒成立.所以()u t 在(1,)+∞单调递增,()(1)e 20u t u >=->恒成立.所以2()0g x >. 故()g x 在(0,1)上存在唯一零点.因此当0a >时,过点P (13),存在两条切线.(3)当0a =时,()f x x =,显然不存在过点P (13),的切线.综上所述,当0a >时,过点P (13),存在两条切线;当0a ≤时,不存在过点P (13),的切线.…………………………………………………13分 5、解:()cos (cos sin )sin f x x x x x x x '=--= ………1分(Ⅰ)()0f π'=,()f ππ=.所以切线方程为y π=. ………3分 (Ⅱ)令31()()3g x f x x =-, 则2()sin (sin )g x x x x x x x '=-=-, ………4分 当(0)2x ∈,π时,设()sin t x x x =-,则()cos 10t x x '=-<所以()t x 在(0)2x ∈,π单调递减,()sin (0)0t x x x t =-<=即sin x x <,所以()0g x '<………6分所以()g x 在(0)2,π上单调递减,所以()(0)0g x g <=, ………7分所以31()3f x x <.………8分 (Ⅲ)原题等价于sin x kx >对(0)2x ∈,π恒成立,即sin x k x <对(0)2x ∈,π恒成立,………9分 令sin ()x h x x =,则22cos sin ()()x x x f x h x x x-'==-. ………10分 易知()sin 0f x x x '=>,即()f x 在(0,)2π单调递增,所以()(0)0f x f >=,所以()0h x '<, ………11分 故()h x 在(0)2,π单调递减,所以2()2k h ππ≤=.综上所述,k 的最大值为2π .………13分 6、(Ⅰ)设切线的斜率为k ()ln 1f x x '=+(1)ln111k f '==+=因为(1)1ln10f =⋅=,切点为(1,0).切线方程为01(1)y x -=⋅-,化简得:1y x =-.----------------------------4分 (Ⅱ)要证:()1f x x ≥-只需证明:()ln 10g x x x x =-+≥在(0,)+∞恒成立, ()ln 11ln g x x x '=+-=当(0,1)x ∈时()0f x '<,()f x 在(0,1)上单调递减; 当(1,)x ∈+∞时()0f x '>,()f x 在(1,)+∞上单调递增; 当1x =时min ()(1)1ln1110g x g ==⋅-+=()ln 10g x x x x =-+≥在(0,)+∞恒成立所以()1f x x ≥-.--------------------------------------------------------------------------10分(Ⅲ)要使:22ln x x ax a≥+在区间在(0,)+∞恒成立, 等价于:2ln x ax ax≥+在(0,)+∞恒成立, 等价于:2()ln 0h x x ax ax=--≥在(0,)+∞恒成立 因为212()h x a x ax '=-+=2222a x ax ax -++=2212()()a x x a a ax-+-①当0a >时,2(1)ln10h a a=--<,0a >不满足题意 ②当0a <时,令'()0h x =,则1x a =-或2x a=(舍). 所以1(0,)x a∈-时()0h x '<,()h x 在1(0,)a-上单调递减;1(,)x a ∈-+∞时()0h x '>,()h x 在1(,)a-+∞上单调递增;当1x a =-时min 11()()ln()12h x h a a=-=-++ 当1ln()30a-+≥时,满足题意所以30e a -≤<,得到a 的最小值为 3e ------------------------------------14分 7、(Ⅰ)函数定义域为,又,所求切线方程为,即(Ⅱ)函数在上恰有两个不同的零点,等价于在上恰有两个不同的实根等价于在上恰有两个不同的实根,令则当时,,在递减; 当时,,在递增.故,又.,,即8、9、(1)证明:函数()y f x =的定义域{},D x x R x a =∈≠-由题意,'(0)f 有意义,所以0a ≠求导得:244()()2()()(3)'()()()x a x a x a x a x a f x x a x a +--⋅++-=-=-++ 由题意,得243'(0)3a f a==,解得1a =±经验证知1a =±符合题意(2)解:“对于定义域内的任意1x ,总存在2x 使得()()21f x f x <”等价于“()f x 不存在最小值”.①当0a =时,由()1f x x=得()f x 无最小值,符合题意. ②当0a >时,令()()()()43'0x a x a f x x a +-=-=+,得x a =-或3x a =.随着x 的变化时,()'f x 与()f x 的变化情况如下表:所以函数()f x 的单调递减区间为(),a -∞-,()3,a +∞,单调递增区间为(),3a a -.因为当0x >时,()()20x af x x a -=>+,当x a <时,()0f x <.所以只要考虑()1,x a ∈-∞,且1x a ≠-即可.当()1,x a ∈-∞-上单调递减,且11112x x x a a <++<-, 得()1111,2f x f x x a ⎛⎫>++ ⎪⎝⎭所以存在21112x x x a =++,使得()()21f x f x <,符合题意. 同理,当()1,x a a ∈-时,令21112x x x a =-+, 得()()21f x f x <,也符合题意.故当0a >时,对于定义域内的任意1x ,总存在2x 使得()()21f x f x <成立. 当0a <时,随着x 的变化时,()'f x 与()f x 的变化情况如下表:所以函数()f x 的单调递减区间为(),3a -∞,(),a -+∞,单调递增区间为()3,a a -.因为当x a >时,()()20x af x x a -=>+,当0x <时,()0f x <时,所以()()min 3f x f a =.所以当13x a =时,不存在2x 使得()()21f x f x <. 综上所述:a 的取值范围为[)0,a ∈+∞.10、(Ⅰ)函数()f x 的定义域为R . 当1a =时,'()e (2)(1)x f x x x =++ …………………2分当x 变化时,'()f x ,()f x 的变化情况如下表:4分函数()f x 的单调递增区间为(,2)-∞-,(1)-+∞,,函数()f x 的单调递减区间为(2,1)--. …………………5分 (Ⅱ)解:因为()e af x ≤在区间[,)a +∞上有解,所以 ()f x 在区间[,)a +∞上的最小值小于等于e a .因为'()e (2)()xf x x x a =++, 令'()0f x =,得122,x x a =-=-. …………………6分 当2a -≤-时,即2a ≥时,因为'()0f x >对[,)x a ∈+∞成立,所以()f x 在[,)a +∞上单调递增, 此时()f x 在[,)a +∞上的最小值为(),f a 所以22()e ()e aaf a a a a =++≤,解得112a -≤≤,所以此种情形不成立, ………………… 8分当2a ->-,即2a <时,若0a ≥, 则'()0f x >对[,)x a ∈+∞成立,所以()f x 在[,)a +∞上单调递增, 此时()f x 在[,)a +∞上的最小值为(),f a 所以22()e ()e aaf a a a a =++≤,解得112a -≤≤,所以102a ≤≤ . …………………9分若0a <,则'()0f x <对(,)x a a ∈-成立,'()0f x >对 [,)x a ∈-+∞成立.则()f x 在(,)a a -上单调递减,在[,)a -+∞上单调递增,此时()f x 在[,)a +∞上的最小值为(),f a -而22()e ()e 0e aaaf a a a a a -=-+=<≤,所以0a <. …………………11分综上,a 的取值范围是 1(,]2-∞ …………………12分法二:因为()e af x ≤在区间[,)a +∞上有解, 所以()f x 在区间[,)a +∞上的最小值小于等于e a ,当0a ≤时,显然0[,)a ∈+∞,而(0)0e af a =≤≤成立, …………………8分 当0a >时,'()0f x >对[,)x a ∈+∞成立,所以()f x 在[,)a +∞上单调递增, 此时()f x 在[,)a +∞上的最小值为()f a , 所以有22()e ()e aaf a a a a =++≤,解得112a -≤≤,所以102a ≤≤. …………………11分 综上,1(,]2a ∈-∞. …………………12分 (Ⅲ)a 的取值范围是2a ≠. …………………14分11、解:(Ⅰ)当3a =时, 21()42ln 2f x x x x =-+-,0x >. 2()4f x x x'=-+-.则(1)1421f '=-+-=,而17(1)422f =-+=. 所以曲线在点(1,(1)f )处的切线方程为712y x -=-,即2250x y -+=. …………………………………………………………………………4分C(Ⅱ)依题意当[]1,2x ∈时,曲线上的点都在不等式组12,,32x x y y x ⎧⎪≤≤⎪≤⎨⎪⎪≤+⎩所表示的平面区域内,等价于当时,3()2x f x x ≤≤+恒成立.设211)ln 2x ax a x (=-++-,[]1,2x ∈. 所以21(1)()=+=a x ax a g x x a+x x ---++-'(1)(1))=x x a x---(-. (1)当11a -≤,即2a ≤时,当[]1,2x ∈时,()0g x '≤,()g x 为单调减函数,所以(2)()(1)g g x g ≤≤. 依题意应有131,222221ln20,()()()g a g a a ⎧=-≤⎪⎨⎪=-++-≥⎩ 解得21a a ,.≤⎧⎨≥⎩所以12a ≤≤.(2)若 112a <-<,即23a <<时,当[)1,1x a ∈-,()0g x '≥,()g x 为单调增函 数,当x ∈(]1,2a -,()0g x '<,()g x 为单调减函数.由于3(1)2g >,所以不合题意. (3)当12a -≥,即3a ≥时,注意到15(1)22g a =-≥,显然不合题意. 综上所述,12a ≤≤. …………………………………………13分12、(Ⅰ)当2a =-时,22()exg x x -=,222'()e(22)=-2(1)e xx g x x x x x --=--—-2分x 与'()g x 、()g x 之间的关系如下表:1x =,---4分 最大值21(1)eg =. --------------------5分 (Ⅱ)C (),x y 12x ≤≤()()g x f x x =-(1)当0a =时,2()1h x x =-,显然在区间(0,16)内没有两个零点,0a =不合题意. --------------------------------- ---6分(2)当0a ≠时,2()1e ax x h x =-,222()(2)e '()e eaxax axax x x ax a h x ---==. --------8分 ①当0a <且(0,16)x ∈时,'()0h x >,函数()h x 区间(0,)+∞上是增函数,所以函 数()h x区间(0,16)上不可能有两个零点,所以0a <不合题意; ————9分②当0a >时,在区间(0,)+∞上x 与'()h x 、()h x 之间的关系如下表:分因为(0)1h =-,若函数()h x 区间(0,16)上有两个零点,则2()0,216,(16)0h a a h ⎧>⎪⎪⎪<⎨⎪<⎪⎪⎩,所以22816410,1,8210ae a a e ⎧->⎪⎪⎪>⎨⎪⎪-<⎪⎩,化简20,e1,8ln 22a a a ⎧<<⎪⎪⎪>⎨⎪⎪>⎪⎩. ------------11分因为1ln 214ln 21ln161682e <⇔<⇔<⇔<, 2ln 24eln 243eln 2e2>⇔>⇔>>, ----------------------12分所以1ln 2282e<<. 综上所述,当ln 222ea <<时,函数2()1()x h x f x =-在区间(0,16)内有两个零点. —————————13分。

北京市西城区2016年高三二模理综物理试题

北京市西城区2016年高三二模试卷 物理 2016.513.关于两个分子之间的相互作用力和分子势能,下列判断正确的是A. 两分子处于平衡位置,分子间没有引力和斥力B. 两分子间距离减小,分子间的引力和斥力都增大C. 两分子间距离减小,分子势能一定减小D. 两分子间距离增大,分子势能一定增大 14.下列几个光现象中,属于衍射现象的是A .水中的气泡看起来特别明亮B .白光通过三棱镜在屏上出现彩色光带C .在阳光照射下肥皂泡上出现彩色花纹D .通过两支铅笔夹成的狭缝看点亮的日光灯出现彩色条纹15.为纪念中国航天事业的成就,发扬航天精神,自2016年起,将每年的4月24日设立为“中国航天日”。

在46年前的这一天,中国第一颗人造卫星发射成功。

至今中国已发射了逾百颗人造地球卫星。

关于环绕地球做圆周运动的卫星,下列说法正确的是 A .卫星的向心加速度一定小于9.8m/s 2 B .卫星的环绕速度可能大于7.9km/s C .卫星的环绕周期一定等于24hD .卫星做圆周运动的圆心不一定在地心上16.如图所示,有一圆形匀强磁场区域,O 为圆的圆心,磁场方向垂直纸面向里。

两个正、负电子a 、b ,以不同的速率沿着PO 方向进入磁场,运动轨迹如图所示。

不计电子之间的相互作用及重力。

a 与bA .a 为正电子,b 为负电子B .b 的速率较大C .a 在磁场中所受洛伦兹力较大D .b 在磁场中运动的时间较长17.如图1所示,线圈abcd 固定于匀强磁场中,磁场方向垂直纸面向外,磁感应强度随时间的变化情况如 图2所示。

下列关于ab 边所受安培力随时间变化的 F -t 图像(规定安培力方向向右为正)正确的是图1图218.航天员王亚平曾经在天宫一号实验舱内进行了中国首次太空授课,通过几个趣味实验展示了物体在完全失重状态下的一些物理现象。

其中一个实验如图所示,将支架固定在桌面上,细绳一端系于支架上的O 点,另一端拴着一颗钢质小球。

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1 2 3 4 5 时间(min) 产物相对量 4 3 2 1 0

pH=8 pH=7 pH=3 pH=5 pH=6

2016年北京西城高三二模理综试题及答案(word版) 北京市西城区2016年高三二模试卷 理科综合能力测试 2016.5

可能用到的相对原子质量: H 1 O 16 S 32 Ba 137 选择题(共20题 每小题6分 共120分)

在每小题列出的四个选项中,选出符合题目要求的一项。 1.化能自养型的硫细菌是深海热火山口群落的重要成分,这种硫细菌 A.遗传物质为RNA或DNAB.可利用光能合成有机物 C.细胞最外层结构是细胞膜 D.是生态系统的第一营养级 2.人体红细胞的生成过程如下图所示。幼红细胞早、中期有分裂能力,晚期脱去细胞核。血红蛋白自原红细胞开始合成,在网织红细胞中合成最旺盛。下列叙述正确的是

A.造血干细胞到成熟红细胞的分化是从原红细胞开始的 B.原红细胞分裂时没有同源染色体的联会和分离 C.网织红细胞中不能进行遗传信息的转录和翻译 D.红系祖细胞与成熟红细胞所含DNA相同,蛋白质不同 3.在过氧化氢酶催化下,H2O2分解释放的O2与愈创木酚反应生成茶褐色产物;氧气产生越多,溶液颜色越深。为探究pH对酶活性的影响,某研究小组运用比色法,测定了5min内茶褐色产物量的变化,结果见右图。下列叙述不正确...的是

A.先将过氧化氢酶和反应物分别加 缓冲液处理,一段时间后再混合 B.依据0~1min的曲线斜率,可比较 不同pH条件下的酶活性 C.pH5~8缓冲液处理组,反应结束 时的产物相对量是不同的 D.在pH为3的缓冲液中过氧化氢酶 因空间结构被破坏而失活

造血干细胞 红系祖细胞 幼红细胞 网织红细胞 成熟红细胞 原红细胞 4.黑龙江省东北部森林群落主要分为三个演替阶段:阔叶林、针阔混交林和针叶林,针叶林为顶极群落。对黑龙江省东北部不同生境中鸟类多样性调查,结果如下表。相关分析错误..的是

地区 鸡西 双鸭山 七台河 鹤岗 鸟类 多样性 指数 针叶林 2.045 1.568 2.007 1.131 针阔混交林 2.134 2.689 2.378 1.985 阔叶林 1.238 1.256 1.189 1.058

A.可通过样方法采集数据,再计算多样性指数 B.针叶林是与当地气候和土壤条件相适应的稳定群落 C.随着群落演替的进行,鸟类的多样性持续增加 D.鸟类多样性指数高低与植物类型的丰富程度有关 5.在检测食品中大肠杆菌是否超标的实验中,下列操作错误..的是

A.待检测食品需要经过灭菌操作后取样检测 B.配制好的培养基经高压蒸汽灭菌后倒平板 C.用稀释涂布法接种测定大肠杆菌的活菌数 D.接种后将培养皿倒置并在适宜温度下培养 6.下列物质的用途不正确...的是

A B C D

物质 硅 生石灰 液氨 亚硝酸钠

用途 半导体材料 抗氧化剂 制冷剂 食品防腐剂 7.下列说法中,不正确...的是 A.维生素C有还原性 B.天然油脂有固定的熔沸点 C.麦芽糖水解产物为还原性糖 D.氨基酸既能与盐酸反应又能与NaOH溶液反应 8.短周期元素W、X、Y、Z原子序数依次增大。X是原子半径最大的短周期元素,Y原 子最外层电子数和电子层数相等,W、Z同主族且原子序数之和与X、Y原子序数之和 相等。下列说法中,不正确...的是 A.含Y元素的盐溶液可呈碱性 B.X和W形成的化合物可含非极性共价键 C.Y单质与Z的最高价氧化物对应水化物反应一定产生H2 D.W的气态氢化物热稳定性强于Z的气态氢化物热稳定性 9.已知某种微生物燃料电池工作原理如图所示。下列有 关该电池的说法中,正确的是 A.外电路电子从B极移向A极 B.溶液中H+由B极区移向A极区 C.电池工作一段时间后B极区溶液的pH减小 D.A极电极反应式为:CH3COOH-8e-+2H2O=2CO2 +8H+ 10.向盛有H2O2的试管中滴入一定量浓盐酸,有刺激性气味的气体生成。经实验证明该气体只含有O2、Cl2、HCl和水蒸气。将气体通入X溶液(如下图),依据观察到的现象,能判断气体中含有Cl2的是 X溶液 现象 A 紫色石蕊溶液 溶液先变红后褪色

B 淀粉KI酸性溶液 溶液变为蓝色

C 滴有KSCN的FeSO4溶液 溶液变为红色

D 稀HNO3酸化的AgNO3溶液 有白色沉淀生成

11.向含1mol Na2CO3的溶液中,通入0.5mol Cl2,得到含有NaClO的溶液,有关该溶液的说法中,正确的是 A.主要成分为NaCl、NaClO和NaHCO3 B.c(Cl-)= c(ClO-) C.2c(Na+)= c(CO32-)+c(HCO3-)+c(H2CO3) D.c(Na+)= c(Cl-)+c(ClO-)+2c(CO32-)+c(HCO3-)

12.CH3OH是重要的化工原料,工业上用CO与H2在催化剂作用下合成CH3OH,其反应为:CO(g)+2H2(g)CH3OH(g)。按n(CO)∶n(H2)=1∶2向密闭容器中充入反应物,测得平衡时混合物中CH3OH的体积分数在不同压强下随温度的变化如图所示。下列说法中,正确的是 A.P1<P2 B.该反应的△H>0 C.平衡常数:K(A)=K(B) D.在C点时,CO转化率为75% 13.关于两个分子之间的相互作用力和分子势能,下列判断正确的是 A. 两分子处于平衡位置,分子间没有引力和斥力 B. 两分子间距离减小,分子间的引力和斥力都增大 C. 两分子间距离减小,分子势能一定减小 D. 两分子间距离增大,分子势能一定增大 14.下列几个光现象中,属于衍射现象的是 A.水中的气泡看起来特别明亮 B.白光通过三棱镜在屏上出现彩色光带 C.在阳光照射下肥皂泡上出现彩色花纹 D.通过两支铅笔夹成的狭缝看点亮的日光灯出现彩色条纹 15.为纪念中国航天事业的成就,发扬航天精神,自2016年起,将每年的4月24日设立为“中国航天日”。在46年前的这一天,中国第一颗人造卫星发射成功。至今中国已发射了逾百颗人造地球卫星。关于环绕地球做圆周运动的卫星,下列说法正确的是 A.卫星的向心加速度一定小于9.8m/s2 B.卫星的环绕速度可能大于7.9km/s C.卫星的环绕周期一定等于24h D.卫星做圆周运动的圆心不一定在地心上 16.如图所示,有一圆形匀强磁场区域,O为圆的圆心,磁场方向垂直纸面向里。两个正、负电子a、b,以不同的速率沿着PO方向进入磁场,运动轨迹如图所示。不计电子之间的相互作用及重力。a与b比较,下列判断正确的是 A.a为正电子,b为负电子 B.b的速率较大 C.a在磁场中所受洛伦兹力较大 D.b在磁场中运动的时间较长 17.如图1所示,线圈abcd固定于匀强磁场中,磁场方 向垂直纸面向外,磁感应强度随时间的变化情况如 图2所示。下列关于ab边所受安培力随时间变化的 F-t图像(规定安培力方向向右为正)正确的是

18.航天员王亚平曾经在天宫一号实验舱内进行了中国首次太空授课,通过几个趣味实验展示了物体在完全失重状态下的一些物理现象。其中一个实验如图所示,将支架固定在桌面上,细绳一端系于支架上的O点,另一端拴着一颗钢质小球。现轻轻将绳拉直但未绷紧,小球被拉至图中a点或b点。根据所学的物理知识判断出现的现象是 A.在a点轻轻放手,小球将竖直下落 B.在a点沿垂直于绳子的方向轻推小球,小球将沿圆弧做往复摆动 C.在b点轻轻放手,小球将沿圆弧做往复摆动 D.在b点沿垂直于绳子的方向轻推小球,小球将做圆周运动

O a b

C

F t O D

F t O A

F

t O B

F t O

a b c d

图1 B

t O 图2 19.为研究电阻、电容和电感对交变电流的影响,李老师设计了一个演示实验,装置如图所示。两个电路接在完全相同的交流电源上。a、b、c、d、e、f为6只完全相同的小灯泡,a、b各串联一个电阻,c、d各串联一个电容器,e、f各串联一个相同铁芯匝数不同的线圈。电阻、电容、线圈匝数的值如图所示。老师进行演示时,接上交流电源,进行正确的操作。下列对实验现象的描述及分析正确的是 A.a、b灯相比,a灯更亮,说明串联电阻不同,对交流电的阻碍作用不同 B.c、d灯均不发光,说明电容器对交流电产生阻隔作用 C.c、d灯均能发光,但c灯更亮,说明电容越大,对交流电的阻碍作用越小 D.e、f灯均能发光,但f灯更亮,说明自感系数越大,对交流电的阻碍作用越小 20.许多情况下光是由原子内部电子的运动产生的,因此光谱研究是探索原子结构的一条重要途径。利用氢气放电管可以获得氢原子光谱,根据玻尔理论可以很好地解释氢原子光

谱的产生机理。已知氢原子的基态能量为E1,激发态能量为21nEEn,其中n=2,3,4„。1885年,巴尔末对当时已知的在可见光区的四条谱线做了分析,发现这些谱线的波长能够用一个公式表示,这个公式写做)121(122nR,n=3,4,5,„。式中R叫做里德伯常量,这个公式称为巴尔末公式。用h表示普朗克常量,c表示真空中的光速,则里德伯常量R可以表示为

A.hcE21 B.hcE21 C. hcE1 D. hcE1

~ 60匝 18Ω

100μF b

d f

~

30匝 32Ω

220μF a

c e

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