慢性病预防与保健(B)卷
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慢性病预防与保健(B)卷
一、名词解释:(每题5分,共20分)
1、保健食品:
2、短暂性脑缺血发作
3、颈椎病
4、艾滋病
二、单选题(每题1分,共40分)(以下每一考题下面,有A、B、C、D4个备选答案,请从中选一个最佳答案)
1、慢性病对人群健康的危害不包括 ·············································()
A、劳动力丧失
B、心理创伤
C、对生命危胁不大,预后较好
D、经济负担加重
2、慢性病二级预防的主要内容是 ················································()
A、健康教育
B、健康促进
C、疾病筛查
D、提高体质,预防发生其他疾病
3、慢性病危险因素的特点 ·························································()
A、隐性危害期较长
B、病因与疾病之间缺乏特异性
C、常为多种致病因素联合作用
D、作用时间短,常引起严重后果
4、下列哪种维生素缺乏可引起坏血病 ··········································()
A、维生素A
B、维生素C
C、维生素D
D、维生素E
5、艾滋病最常见的死亡原因是 ···················································()
A、机会性感染引起的肺炎
B、脑膜炎
C、肾衰竭
D、肝衰竭
6、厌氧菌感染首选药物 ····························································()
A、甲硝唑
B、克林霉素
C、林可霉素
D、头孢酊
7、高血压病降压药物联合用药应避免下列哪项组合 ························()
A、利尿剂+β阻滞剂
B、利尿剂+ACEI
C、二氢吡啶类+β阻滞剂
D、维拉帕米+β阻滞剂
8、慢性充血性心力衰竭左心衰竭最早出现呼吸困难的类型是 ···········()
A、劳力性呼吸困难
B、夜间阵发性呼吸困难
C、端坐呼吸
D、心源性哮喘
9、女性,32岁,入冬以来中上腹不适,并阵发性隐痛,有空腹痛及夜间痛,近2天大便发黑。其可能的诊断是 ················································()A.急性胃粘膜病变出血B.胃溃疡伴出血
C.十二指肠溃疡伴出血D.胃癌伴出血
10、慢性肾功能不全饮食治疗原则 ············································()
A.高热量优质低蛋白饮食
B.优质低蛋白饮食
C.高钙优质低蛋白饮食
D.高热量低磷优质低蛋白饮食
11、慢性胃炎的发病可能与哪种细菌感染有关 ·····························()
A、幽门螺杆菌
B、沙门菌
C、嗜盐杆菌
D、容肠弯曲菌
12、女,16岁,近3天双下肢伸侧出现紫癜,分批出现两侧对称,颜色鲜红,伴腹痛及关节痛,血小板100×109/L,WBC10×109/L,Hb110g/L,凝血时间正常,应首先考虑: ··········································································()A.特发性血小板减少性紫癜B.过敏性性紫癜
C.急性白血病D.再生障碍性贫血
13、糖尿病饮食治疗,正确的是 ·················································()
A、多食用粗纤维食物和水果
B、肥胖者需酌情增加总热量,消瘦者酌减
C、糖占总热量50~60%,脂肪不宜过高
D、三餐总热量按习惯随时进餐
14、女,45岁,有交感神经兴奋征群及弥漫性甲状腺肿,欲作单纯性甲状腺肿及毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿之鉴别,试问以下哪项体征对毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿最具诊断意义·················································································()A、皮肤温暖多汗,体重减轻B、目光炯炯少瞬动
C、弥漫性甲状腺肿大伴血管杂音及震颤
D、手、眼睑震颤
15、病人,男性,25岁。原无任何异常。某次听广播时突然坚信播音员在说他,而他的生活经历与当时的广播内容并无明显联系。该病人可能的症状为 ····························································································()
A、幻听
B、原发性妄想
C、继发性妄想
D、思维散漫
16、癌治疗的关键一步是···························································()
A 癌的早期发现
B 癌的早期治疗
C 健康教育
D 癌的预防
17、颈椎病中发病率最高的是·····················································()
A 神经根型
B 脊髓型
C 交感型
D 椎动脉型
18、骨质疏松症属哪一类疾病·····················································()
A 终身性疾病
B 急性疾病
C 慢性疾病
D 亚急性疾病
19、关于骨性关节炎的描述错的··················································()
A 多见于老年人
B 晨僵多见
C 原发性多见
D 继发性多见
20、下列哪项不是湿疹的临床表现···············································()
A 丘疱疹
B 瘙
C 水疱
D 脓疱疹
21、腰椎间盘突出症作直腿抬高试验时,常在几度以内出现坐骨神经牵拉痛,其阳性率约为90% ·······································································()
A 30度
B 40度
C 50 度D60度
22、下列除哪项外皆是老年病人胆石症的特点································()
A 发病率高
B 症状典型
C 潜在危险性大
D 死亡率高
23、4岁男孩,体检时发现心脏有杂音,发育正常,杂音在胸骨左缘第2肋间,呈连续性机器样杂音。胸部X线检查:心脏大小正常,肺纹理增粗,有肺门“舞蹈”,最可能的诊断是 ·······························································()A.Roger病 B.肺动脉瓣狭窄
C.动脉导管未闭
D.卵圆孔未闭
24、4岁小儿,全身明显浮肿1个月,尿蛋白(+ + +),红细胞3~5个/HP,白细胞5~7个/HP,血浆白蛋白22g/L,血胆固醇8.1mmol/L,BUN5.4mmol/L,本例诊断最大可能是 ·······································································()
A.急性肾炎
B.单纯性肾病
C. .继发性肾病
D.肾炎性肾病
(25~27题共用题干)刘×,男性,45岁,农民;恶心、呕吐、呕出咖啡样物约400ml,解柏油样便约500克急诊入院;15年前曾得过乙型肝炎,经治疗后一直未复查;饮酒史20余年,每日5~6两白酒。
25、根据上述资料,病人的上消化道出血与下列哪种疾病关系较大的是:()
A、消化性溃疡
B、应激性溃疡
C、食管炎
D、肝硬化
26、对于上消化道出血的病人,出现下列哪些情况应考虑有继续出血或再度出血的可能? ···············································································()A、黑便次数减少B、肠鸣音消失
C、网织红细胞数持续下降
D、黑便转为暗红色
27、根据该病人的健康状况,你认为其健康指导内容除了哪项外均是正确的? ···························································································()A、适量服用铁剂B、不喝浓茶
C、定期做胃镜检查
D、建议其妻子、儿女作一次乙肝三系检查
(28~30题共用题干)李×,男性,36岁,农民,已婚;慢性咳嗽、咳痰、气促反复发作9年,加重3天;3个月前咳嗽时有过痰中带血;吸烟史20年,每日1包。查体:T38.5℃,P82次/min,R25次/min,BP120/74mmHg;神清,慢性病容,口唇无紫绀;两肺呼吸音减低,可闻及少量干、湿罗音;心音较轻,心律规整;血常规:WBC10.0×109/L,N90%,L10%。X线胸片显示肺纹理乱、透亮度增加。
28、根据以上资料,病人的健康问题不考虑:·······························()
A、支气管哮喘
B、慢性支气管炎
C、慢性阻塞性肺气肿
D、有发生慢性肺源性心脏病可能
29、针对病人咳嗽痰多,痰不易咳出,宜选用:····························()
A、可待因止咳糖浆
B、非那更止咳糖浆
C、溴已新
D、氨茶硷
30、根据病人目前情况,最重要的预防措施是:····························()
A、病人教育
B、免疫接种;
C、周期性健康检查;
D、消除心、肺功能衰竭的诱发因素;
(31~33题共用题干)某患者,女,40岁,反复出现右上腹疼痛,有时可引