最新七年级英语语法汇总

一、不定式和动名词：

1、省略了to的不定式：（助动词后面加动词原形）

have sb. do sth. let sb.do sth. make sb. do sth. help sb. do sth./help sb. with sth. can/may/have to/must do sth. see sb do sth （看见某人做某事，看见全过程，类似的还有：hear sb do sth , watch sb.do sth , find sb. do sth., notice sb. do sth等）

2、带to的不定式：

want to do sth. want sb. to do sth. ask sb. to do sth. decide to do sth would like to do sth. hope to do sth.

like to do sth（一般指一次性的行为）love to do sth. remember to do sth（记得去做某事，此事还未做）stop to do sth（停下来去做某事，此事是即将要做的事）

3、带to的不定式可以作后置定语，如：something to eat（吃的东西）

4、不定式表目的：如To save class time, our teacher has us do half of the exercises in class and complete the other half for our homework. 为了节约课堂时间，我们的老师要求我们在课堂上做一半练习，剩下的一半在课后作为家庭作业完成。

注意：for也可表目的，但for后面加名词或动名词，如I buy it for you.

5、动名词：（介词后面加名词或动名词）

have fun doing sth. practice doing sth. enjoy doing sth. what/how about doing sth. be busy doing sth.

spend time doing sth. be good at doing sth.(be good at sth.) like doing sth（经常性的行为，习惯爱好）

remember doing sth（记得做过某事，此事已经做了）stop doing sth（停止做某事，此事是要停止的）

see sb doing sth（看见某人正在做某事，类似的有：hear sb doing sth , watch sb.doing sth , find sb. doing sth., notice sb. doing sth）

No talking（与之类似的：No swimming , No smoking等）thanks for doing sth.

二、冠词

不定冠词：a , an 可数名词前可以加a 或an。以元音（不是元音字母）开头的名词前加an，以辅音开头的名词前加a 如：a uniform an hour There is a “u” and an “n” in the word.

定冠词：the，有指定性的名词前加the，前文出现过再次出现时前面也加the

注意：物主代词后面不加冠词（my home）；某些名词前不加冠词（如国家，城市，有名字的街道，三餐，具体的年份和月份等）；球类运动前不加the，而乐器前要加the。

含冠词的短语：on weekends 和on the weekend，take a bus/taxi/walk，take a photo和take photos，go to a movie和go to the movies，have

a look，have a walk，have a rest，have a good time，in the neighborhood等。

三、介词（后加名词或动名词，还可组成固定短语。但注意：home , here , there ，today, tomorrow, yesterday等词除固定短语外前面不加介词；由this, that ,these, those，each, any, every, some, all等用于表示时间概念的名词前往往不加介词。）

1、介词in

表示一天中某段时间，指天、年、月、季节、周次等。如：in the morning

表示“在……里面”the window is in the wall , I sit in the chair. He is in the red shirt. The bird is in the tree.

表示“排、行、组，前、后”，如：We are in Team One. in front of（在前面）,in the front of （在前部）

表示较大的地方，如大城市、国家、洲等，如：He lives in Beijing. arrive in Yueyang

表示“包含”如：Beijing is in the north of China. 表示“用材料、语言”如：Can you say it in English? What’s this in English?

2、介词on

用来表示某一天或星期几，指明具体的某一天。如：on a rainy day

表示一物放在另一物上面，两者紧贴在一起，如：The book is on the table. The apple is on the tree.（树的一部分）

在…队里用on，如：on the basketball team 表示“左、右”，如：Li Ping is on my left.

用于路名，如：He lives on Nanjing Road. 表示“紧邻”如：Canada lies on the north of the U.S.

3、介词at

表示特定的时间、节日、年龄等（具体的，小的时间）。如：at noon , at 6 am

表示较小的地方，如家、村、乡村等，如：He lives at a small village. 用于门牌号，如：He lives at No.200, Nanjing Road.

4、介词for

表示“当作、作为”。如: I like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。

表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。如:Thank you for helping me with my English. 谢谢你帮我学习英语。

表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给……”、“对…… (而言)”。如: Let me pick it up for you. 让我为你捡起来。

表示时间、距离,意为“计、达”。如: I usually do the running for an hour in the morning. 我早晨通常跑步一小时。

表示以具体价格购买。如：You can take it for 5 yuan each.

5、介词under表示“在…下方”（不接触），如：They were seen under the tree.

6、介词across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”，强调从表面穿过。如：She went across the street to make some purchases.

7、介词through着重于“穿越”，强调从一定的空间内穿过。如：The sunlight was coming in through the window.

8、介词to表示向某处移动，如：go to school , get to school

9、介词with表示“用工具、某物”如：with a pen 还可表示“和…..一起”He with his parents is watching TV.

10、介词by表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”如：He prefers traveling by car.

11、介词between 表示“在两者之间”如：Don’t sit between the two girls.

四、词语

1、常见短语

a set of 一套lost and found 失物招领in English 用英语first name 名字family/last name 姓氏family tree 家谱Dave’s family/the Daves 大卫一家my family photo/a photo of my family 我的一张全家福take…to…把…带到…去

bring …to…把…拿到….来play volleyball/basketball/tennis/chessplay computer games 玩电脑游戏play sports 做运动

play the guitar/the piano/the drum on TV 在电视上 a lot 非常 a lot of/lots of（后加名词）许多watch TV 看电视

watch the match 观看比赛every day 每天everyday 日常的ice cream 冰淇淋French fries 炸薯条

healthy food 健康食品a running star 跑步明星make a list 列个清单have/eat breakfast/lunch/dinner吃早餐/中餐/晚餐have/eat …for breakfast 早餐吃…let’s=let us 让我们…how about/what about …怎么样how much 多少钱

what color 什么颜色at a (very)good price 以优惠的价格have a look (at) 看一看date of birth出生日期

want (sb.)to do sth. 想要（某人）做某事for sale 待售on sale 降价出售in October 在十月on Octorber tenth

happy birthday 生日快乐two years old 两岁t wo-year-old 两岁的school trip 学校旅行社Art Festival 艺术节

speech contest 演讲比赛English party 英语晚会School Day 校庆what kind of 哪种…Beijing Opera 京剧

go to a movie/go to the movies/see a movie/go to see a movie 去看电影院go to work 去上班go to school 去上学

go home 回家go to the mountains 去爬山go shopping/swimming/skating/hiking/sightseeing 去购物/游泳/滑冰/徒步旅行/观光

go to bed 去睡觉be in bed 入睡get up 起床get to school 到学校get home 到家learn/know about 了解

Chinese history 中国历史on weekends/on the weekend 在周末speek English 讲英语science teacher科学老师

join the art club/the swimming club 加入艺术俱乐部/游泳俱乐部call sb. at….拨…号码找某人what time（具体）什么时候

be good with sb. 相某人相处得好be good at sth/doing sth 擅长于某事/做某事brush one’s teeth刷牙 a few of 一点儿

a little of 一点儿（加不可数名词）a little 一点儿kind of 有点 a little bit 有点 a kind of 一种all kinds of 各种各样的

take a shower 淋浴after breakfast早餐后do one’s homework 做家庭作业help sb. with sth/help sb. do sth. 帮助某人干某事

all night整夜in the morning/afternoon evening在上午/下午/晚上at noon/ night 在中午/晚上best wishes(to you)最好的祝愿

tell sb. about sth.告诉某人关于某事your favorite subject 你最喜欢的科目have math/music上数学课/音乐课be tired 累

after class 下课后after school 放学后Class 3 Grade 2 二年级三班at 6:00 am 在上午6点play with 和…一起玩

have volleyball 打排球run around 到处跑pen pal 笔友be from/come from 来自于…live in 住在…. in China 在中国

write to sb. 给某人写信post to sb. 寄给某人post office 邮局pay phone 投币式公用电话across from 在…对面

next to 靠近in the neighborhood 附近between…and…在…和…之间in front of 在….前面队in the front of 在…前部

go straight 直走go/walk down 顺着…走go through 经过turn left/right at 在…向左/右转on the right 在右边

have fun/have a good time/enjoy oneself 玩得开心have a good trip 旅途愉快take a walk/bus/taxi 散步/乘巴士/乘出租车

take a photo/take photos 拍照the beginning of …的开端keep/be quiet 安静in/during the day 在白天listen to 听look at 看shop assistant 店员bank clerk 银行职员TV station 电视台work with 和…一起工作go out 出去TV show 电视节目study/work hard 努力学习/工作give sb. sth./give sth. to sb.给某人某物get sth. from sb. 从某人那里得到某物not bad 不错

work for sb. 为…效力talk to/with sb. 和某人交谈talk about sth. 谈论某事talk on the phone 打电话ask sb. to do sth.

ask sb. sth. 问某人某事wait for 等候at school 在学校（学习）in school 在学校read books 看书on vacation 度假thank you for doing sth.谢谢你做某事thanks for 因…..谢谢你lie on the beach 躺在沙滩上play beach volleyball

look cool 看上去酷look like 看起来像pretty good 好极了long curly black hair 卷的黑色的长发medium height中等身高medium build 中等身材the captain of …的队长love to do sth. 喜爱做某事would like sth/to do sth. 想要某物/做某事

like doing sth. 喜欢做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事tell jokes讲笑话pop singer 流行歌手what size 什么型号/尺寸

beef and tomato noodles 牛肉西红柿面条orange juice 橘子汁green tea 绿茶stay at home 呆在家里all day 整天

have a party举行晚会do some reading 阅读practice English 练习英语practice doing sth. 练习做某事talk show脱口秀

study fo the test 准备测验last weekend 上周末clean one’s room 打扫房间go for a walk 去散步go on vacation去度假

go to summer camp 去参加夏令营have fun doing sth. 做某事玩得高兴in the water 在水中in the corner 在角落

walk back to 走回到…decide to do sth. 决定做某事the Great Wall 长城the Palace Museum 故宫Tian’anmen Square

think of 认为，想到game show 比赛节目soap opera 肥皂剧sports shows 体育节目in fact 事实上in class 在课堂上

in the hallways 在走廊里in the dining hall 在餐厅enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事arrive late for class 上课迟到go out 出去

on school nights 在有课的晚上too many rules 太多规定make dinner 做晚饭the Children’s Palace 少年宫have to 不得不

on one’s way home 在某人回家的路上on one’s way to 在某人去…的路上the way to 去…的路

2、常见词的辨析

（1）bring和take bring意为“拿来，取来，带来”，常和介词to连用；take意为“拿走，带走”。

（2）some和any 两者都表示“一些”，既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。some常用于肯定句中，any用于疑问句和否定句中。但在表示委婉语气、请示，希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，也可以用some。如：There is some milk in the bottle. Is there any milk in the bottle? There isn’t any milk in the bottle. Can I have some rice?（希望得到肯定回答）

（3）need的用法need既是情态动词，又是实义动词，意为“需要”。作为情态动词时，没有人称和数的变化，并且常用于否定句和疑问句中，后接动词原形。如：Need I go now? She needn’t come here.

作实义动词时，后可接名词、不定式或动名词作宾语。注意用法：sb. need sth 某人需要某物，sb. need to do sth.某人需要做某事，sth. need doing=sth. need to be done 某物需要被…如：I need some apples. She needs to buy a new skirt. The classroom needs cleaning.=The classroom needs to be cleaned.

（4）in time 及时，on time 按时Every day she goes to school on time.

（5）in the tree和on the tree in the tree意为（其他东西）在树上，on the tree意为（树叶、果实）在树上The bird is in the tree. The apples are on the tree.

（6）on the desk和at the desk on the desk意为在桌子上，at the desk意为在桌子上（做事）。He is sitting on the desk. He is reading books at the desk.

（7）have和there be 两者都表示“有，拥有”。have常表示“某人有某物”，而there be句型表示“某地有某物”。如：She has a pet cat. There is a cat under the table.

（8）runner和running star runner意为赛跑选手，running star意为赛跑明星

（9）much和many 两者都表示“许多”的意思，much修饰不可数名词，many修饰可数名词。与之类似的还有a little和a few，前者修饰不可数名词，后者修饰可数名词（注意：little和few表否定），而a lot of 和lots of 则既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。（10）socks（短袜），shoes（鞋），pants（裤子），shorts（短裤），glasses（眼镜）等都是由不可分割的两部分组成的一个物品，常以复数形式出现，当它们作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。表示一双（副、对）时，要用a pair of，如果词组作主语，谓语动词要根据pair的数来变化。如：a pair of shorts two pairs of shorts

（11）when和what time 当询问某年、某月或某日时，一般用when，不用what time；当询问具体的时刻（几点钟）时，一般用what time. 如：When is your birthday? What time is it?

（12）work和job work是不可数名词，不能与不定冠词连用，一般指比较抽象的工作；job是可数名词，可与不定冠词连用，指具体的工作。如：What’s your father’s job?

（13）数字的表示：21-99除整十位外，十位和个位间要加连字符“—”，如：twenty-one（序数词：twenty-first）百、千、百万、十亿后面不加s，且百和十之间要加and（其余的除非中间为零，否则不加and）如：720：seven hundred and twenty 75720：seventy-five thousand, seven hundred and twenty 7005：seven thousand and five

thousands of 和hundreds of 前面不能加数字，分别表示“几千”、“几百”

（14）look，see，watch，read look强调看的动作，不及物动词，look at me；see强调看的结果，及物动词；watch意为“观看”，主要用于观看比赛或电视；read意为“读”，主要用于读书、读报等。

（15）listen和hear listen强调听的动作，不及物动词，listen to me；hear强调听的结果，及物动词。

（16）also和too 两者都可表示“也”，also一般放在be动词、助动词或情态动词之后，实义动词之前，用于肯定句中；too一般放在句尾。（too如果放在句中——形容词的前面，表示“太”）

（17）speak，tell，talk，say speak常用作不及物动词，作及物动词时宾语为某种语言；tell意为“讲述，告诉”tell jokes开玩笑，tell a story 讲一个故事；talk“讲话，交谈”，不及物动词，常用于talk to/with sb. talk about；say作及物动词或不及物动词，强调说话的内容。Can you say it in English? Can you speak English?

（18）usually、often、always、sometimes、never等频率副词，在句中通常位于be动词、情态动词、助动词之后，行为动词之前。She is often late for class. She often arrives late for class.

（19）go to school ，get to school go to school 去上学；get to school到达学校（与之类似的还有go home 和get home.但地点副词home，here，there等前面不加介词）

（20）kind of ，a kind of ，kinds of kind of 表示“有点儿，有几分”；a kind of 表示“一种”，kinds of 表示有多种。

（21）other，the other，another，others，the others

other意为“其他的”，后接可数名词的复数或不可数名词；如：Please give me some other books.

others意为“其他的人或物”，指剩余的部分，但不是剩余的全部，相当于other+名词复数，常与some构成“some…others…”句型；如：Some students like action movies, others（other students）like comedies.

the other意为“另一个”，特指两个中的另一个，常与one构成“one…the other…”句型；如：I have two sweaters, one is red; the other is yellow.

the others意为“另一些人或物”，指剩余的全部，相当于the other+名词复数，常与some构成“some…the others…”；如：There are thirty students in our class. Twenty are girls, the others（the other students）are boys.

another意为“又一个，另一个”，泛指三个或三个以上的同类人或事物的不定数目中的另一个。如：Would you like another drink? （22）everyone，everybody，nobody，everything，nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如：Everyone likes money.

（23）名词作定语修饰名词时常用单数，但man，woman和sports例外。如：apple trees，girl students，men teachers，sports shoes。（24）单个形容词作定语时一般放在它所修饰词的前面，但形容词修饰由some，any，every，no等构成的复合不定代词（something，somebody，anything，everything，nothing等）时，要放在复合不定代词的后面。如：This is a difficult question.

I have something important to tell you.

（25）形容词顺序：冠、数、性、大、形、年、色、国、材。比如头发：长短+形状+颜色，long curly black hair。两个或两个以上的形容词作表语，通常在最后一个形容词前加and。Her sister is tall, young and beautiful.

（26）else，other 两者都表示“其他的”。

else既可作形容词又可作副词，作形容词时常放在疑问代词who，what，whose或不定代词something，anythin g，nothing，someone，anyone之后，如：What else would you like? Is anyone else coming here? 作副词时常置于疑问副词when，where等后面。When else can we meet next time?

other只能作形容词，后要接可数名词的复数或不可数名词，如：other students.

（27）be in bed，on the bed be in bed意为“睡觉”，表示人在床上一般用介词in，bed前不加冠词；但表示物在床上用介词on，on the bed表示物在床上。

（28）名词所有格表示有生命的东西或者国家、城市、时间等名词的所属关系：在单数名词词尾加’s，在以s结尾的复数名词词尾加’，在不规则复数名词词尾加’s 如：Jim’s shirt，the students’ basketball，Children’s Day，city’s museum；表示无生命物体的名词所有格一般用of构成，如：the door of the room，the name of the school.

3、词性

名词、数词、代词既可作主语（行为的发起者），又可作宾语（行为的承受者）或表语。如I like it. I和it都是代词，I作主语，it作宾语。有些名词后面加y或ly（重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的要双写辅音字母再加y）可以变成形容词，如：cloud（n. 云），cloudy（adj. 多云的），friend——friendly，sun——sunny，health——healthy。

形容词可作定语修饰名词，也可作表语放在be动词之后，但形容词不可放在行为动词之后。如：a clever boy. （clever作定语）The boy is clever.（clever作表语）有些形容词后面加ly可以变成副词，如：loud（adj. 大声的），loudly（adv. 大声地），heavy——heavily，quick ——quickly.

副词分为一般副词、时间副词、地点副词和频率副词等。一般副词(adv.)放在行为动词后面，但不可放在be动词之后。如：study hard，speak loudly，play it well等；时间副词、地点副词一般放在句首或句尾（一般时间放在地点的后面），如：go home（这里的home是地点副词），in the morning等；频率副词在句中通常位于be动词、情态动词、助动词之后，行为动词之前。

动词在句中作谓语，分为be动词、行为动词、助动词和情态动词（后两者不能单独作谓语，后面加动词原形一起构成谓语）。一个单句中只能有一个谓语，如果已经有谓语了后面还有动词，那后面的动词需要变形（要么变成不定式，要么变成动名词或过去分词）。行为动

词又分为及物动词和不及物动词，前者后面可以直接加名词，后者必须加上介词后才能加名词，如：listen，look就是不及物动词，后面如果要加名词中间必须有介词。Listen to me. Look at the blackboard.

介词后面可以加名词或动名词，介词还可以构成很多短语。如：be good at sth. /be good at doing sth.

五、句型——一个单句只能有一个谓语

1、肯定句

句子中的谓语可以是be动词，行为动词或情态动词+行为动词。I’m Gina. She likes action movies. She can speak English.

2、否定句

如果谓语是be动词或情态动词+行为动词，直接在be动词或情态动词后接not即可；如果谓语是行为动词，在行为动词前加助动词do （或did，does），行为动词变回原形。I am not Gina. She doesn’t like action movies. She can’t speak English.

3、一般疑问句

如果谓语是be动词或情态动词+行为动词，直接把be动词或情态动词提前即可（但要注意人称变化）；如果谓语是行为动词，在行为动词前加助动词do（或did，does），然后把助动词提前，行为动词变回原形。Are you Gina? Does she like action movies?

Can she speak English?

4、特殊疑问句

如果谓语是be动词或情态动词+行为动词，把be动词或情态动词提前再在句首加上特殊疑问词即可（但要注意人称变化）；如果谓语是行为动词，在行为动词前加助动词do（或did，does），把助动词提前再在句首加上特殊疑问词，行为动词变回原形。Who are you?/What’s your name? What kind of movies does she like? What language can she speak?

5、感叹句

两种句型：How +形容词+主语+谓语！（主、谓可以省略）How clever he is!/ How clever!

What +（a/an）+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！（主、谓可以省略）What a clever boy he is!/ What a clever boy!

What an interesting story it is! 注意：如果后面的名词为不可数名词或名词的复数，前面不加冠词。如：What nice weather it is!

6、祈使句

（1）带有please的祈使句，please可放在句首或句尾，但放在句尾时，please前要加“，”。如：Please open the door. Open the door，please. （2）命令式的祈使句。如：Don’t speak loudly in the classroom.= No speaking loudly in the classroom.

常见句型：

What’s your name? My name is Gina/I’m Gina. Is there your pencil? Yes, it is/No, it isn’t.

What’s this in English? It’s a pencil.

What’s your telephone number?/What’s the number of your telephone? It’s 281-9716.

How do you spell pencil? It’s P-E-N-C-I-L.

This is my brother. These are my friends. Is this your sister? Is that your brother?

Thanks for the photo of your family. Here is my family photo.

Where is my backpack? It’s under the bed. Are my books on the chair? No, they aren’t/Yes, they are. /I don’t know.

Do you have a soccer ball? Yes, I do. /No, I don’t. Let’s watch TV. That sounds great/good.

Does she like pears? Yes, she does. /No, she doesn’t. What about you?

He doesn’t like ice cream. How about apples?

How much is this sweater? It’s eight dollars. How much are these pants? 这条裤子多少钱？They are nine yuan.

When is your birthday? My birthday is May 1st. How old are you? I’m thirteen.

Do you want to go to a movie? Yes, I do. /No, I don’t.

What kind of movies does she like? 她喜欢哪种电影？She likes comedies but she doesn’t like thrillers.

What movies does he like? 他喜欢什么电影？He likes Harry Potter.

Can he dance? Yes, he can. /No, he can’t. What club does he want to join? He wants to join the music club.

What time does she get up? She gets up at six o’clock.

What time does your mother eat breakfast? She eat breakfast at seven o’clock.

What’s your favorite subject? My favorite subject is English.

Why do you like English? Because it’s fun. Who is your English teacher? Mr. Ren.

Where is your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal come from? He is from Australia. = He comes from Australia.

Where does he live? He lives in Sydney. What language does he speak? He speaks English.

Is there a bank near here?=Is there a bank in the neighborhood? Yes, there is. It’s on Zhanqian Road.

Where is NO.12 Middles School? Go down Zhanqian Road and turn left at the post office. It’s across from the library.

Why don’t you like lions? Because they are kind of unfriendly.

What does he do? = What is he? = What’s his job? He is a driver. What does he want to be? He wants to be an actor.

Where does she work? She works in a hospital. What are you doing? I am doing my homework.

Do you want to go swimming? Yes, I do. When do you want to go? At three o’clock.

How’s the weather? = What’s the weather like? It’s raining. = It’s rainy.

How’s it going? = How are getting on? 最近怎么样？Pretty good. Not bad. It’s terrible.

Is Uncle Li there? 李叔叔在吗？Who’s that? （打电话或别人敲门时）Who’s that speaking? This is Li Lei.我是李雷。

What does he look like? 他长的什么样？He’s tall. /He is of tall height. He’s short and he has long straight black hair.

He’s a tall boy with long curly black hair.=He’s tall and he has long curly black hair. He has a big beard.

Do you know David, the short man with funny glasses and a big beard?

What size bowl of noodles would you like? I’d like a large/ medium/ small bowl of noodles.

What kind of noodles would you like? I’d like beef and tomato noodles，please.

What’s your address? My address is 818 Zhanqian Road.

What did you do last weekend? On Saturday morning I cleaned my room. On Saturday afternoon I went to the movies.

How was your weekend? It was great. Where did you go on vacation? We went to the park.

How was the weather? It was rainy. What do you think of soap operas? I don’t mind them. / I can’t stand them. / I like them very much. I don’t mind them, either. I love “Tell it like it is!”我喜欢“实话实说！”I do, too.

Don’t eat in class! Can we wear hats? We don’t have to wear a school uniform. No talking loudly in the classroom.

六、可数名词单数变复数

1. 基本变化规则

①一般在名词后加s，变成复数。如boy→boys, pen→pens等。

②以s, x, sh, ch结尾的，在后面加es。如class→classes, fox→foxes, brush→brushes, watch→watches。但stomach的复数为stomachs。

③“以辅音字母+y”结尾的，y变为i，然后再加es。如baby→babies。

④以f或fe结尾的名词英语中共有100多个，其中直接加s的有92个，但这些绝大多数不常用，如safe, roof, belief等；把f或fe改为v, 再加es的只有13个，但13个都是常用的名词，如thief, life, wife, shelf, self, knife, half, leaf, wolf等。

⑤以o结尾的名词，除hero, tomato, potato等少数在后面加es外，一般是在后面直接加s。如kilo→kilos, photo→photos, zoo→zoos, radio→radios, piano→pianos, video→videos。

2. 不规则变化

名词单数变复数的不规则变化要注意以下几点：

①含man的名词，一般变man为men。如woman→women, policeman→policemen, Englishman→Englishmen。但German→Germans。

②将oo改为ee的有foot→feet, tooth→teeth, goose→geese等。

③复数以en结尾的有child→children, ox→oxen等。

④将ouse改为ice的有mouse→mice, louse→lice(虱子)等。

⑤单复数同形的有sheep, deer, fish, means, works(工厂), Swiss, Japanese,Chinese等。（注意fish意为“一条条鱼”时，是可数名词，但单复数同形，意为“鱼肉”时，是不可数名词；fishes意为“不同种类的鱼”）

七、时态：时态的变化主要体现在时间和动词的形式上。

1、一般现在时

（1）含义：表示经常性的或习惯性的动作，表示主语具备的性格和能力。常有always，often，usually，every等提示词。

（2）动词的变化：只有第三人称单数作主语时，动词才有变化；其余的作主语，动词保持原形。

一般动词在词尾加s 如：He likes swimming. He doesn’t like swimming. I like swimming.

以字母s, x, ch, sh, o结尾的动词后加es。如：He goes to school by bus every day.

以辅音字母加y结尾的动词先变y为i，再加es。如：He studies hard.

2、现在进行时

（1）含义：表示说话时动作正在发生或进行，表示现阶段或不限于说话时特定的时间范围内进行的动作，有时还能表示按计划或安排将

要进行的动作。常有now, at present, at this moment, look, listen等提示语。

（2）动词的变化：be动词（随人称变化而变化）+动词的现在分词

一般动词在词尾加ing 如：He is studying English now.

以不发音的e结尾的动词，先去e再加ing 如：She is having breakfast. She is taking a photo.

以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母（除r外）的动词，先双先辅音字母再加ing 如：She is running. I am swimming.

以ie结尾且是重读音节的动词，先把ie变成y再加ing 如：They are lying on the beach.

He is coming back tomorrow.（用现在时表示已经计划和安排好了的、即将发生的动作。）

He is always telling lies.（用现在时表示反复出现的问题，带有感情色彩）

3、过去时

（1）含义：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常有过去时间等提示语。

（2）动词的变化：动词变过去式。

一般动词在词尾加ed 如：I cleaned my room on last weekends. I played basketball with my friends just now.

以e结尾的动词在词尾加d 如：I decided to buy a computer yesterday.

以辅音字母加y结尾的动词先变y为i，再加ed 如：Yesterday, I studied English for 2 hours.

以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母（除r外）的动词，先双先辅音字母再加ed. 如：I stopped talking when he came in.

不规则动词的过去式：is/am—was, are—were, do—did, go—went, have—had, buy—bought, teach—taught, can—could, will—would, read—read, let—let, put—put, bring—brought, come—came, run—ran, say—said, write—wrote, spend—spent, eat—ate, take—took, get—got, see—saw, hear—heard等。

八、人称代词

主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词

第一人称单数I me my mine myself

第二人称单数 you you your yours yourself

第三人称单数he him his his himself

第三人称单数 she her her hers herself

第三人称单数it it its its itself

第一人称复数we us our ours ourselves

第二人称复数 you you your yours yourselves

第三人称复数they them their theirs themselves

如：I love you，and you love me. This is my pen, that is mine. Do it yourself. 湖北师范学院心理健康知识竞赛题库

（终极删减版）

第一部分单选题（101题）

1、学校心理咨询是学生寻求帮助的一种有效途径，有关心理咨询的基本原则是( )

Ａ.替来访者做决定Ｂ. 为来访者保密

Ｃ.有条件的尊重来访者Ｄ.对来访者的行为作道德判断

2．潜意识与意识或本我、自我、超我之间的冲突是心理健康状态破坏的内在机制，这一理论来自 ( ) A．精神分析学派 B．人本主义学振

C．行为主义学派 D．认知学派

3．不合理信念对人的认知产生巨大的影响，用不合理的认知模式来评价环境或自我，便会产生心理障碍，这一理论来自( )

A．精神分析学派 B．人本主义学派

C．行为主义学派 D．认知学派

4．妄想、强迫观念属于 ( )