六级强化翻译讲义——菜鸟课程上课讲义
六级翻译强化提高班——菜鸟课程
主讲：董仲蠡
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出题形式
《关于大学英语四、六级考试题型调整的说明》
原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。四级长度为140-160个汉字；六级长度为180-200个汉字。
--全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会
2013年8月14日
翻译？
Translating is the art of recomposing a work in another language without losing its original flavor.
——Columbia Encyclopedia
翻译本身一种错误？
Translation is like dancing with chains.
Translation is like a girl, the more beautiful, the more unfaithful.
Translation is the art of failure.
四六级翻译评分标准
分数档标准特征符合定义
13-15 译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切，行文流畅，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。雅
10-12 译文基本上表达了原文的意思。文字通顺、连贯，无重大语言错误。达
7-9 译文勉强表达了原文的意思。用词欠准确，语言错误相当多，其中有些是严重语言错误。信
大师如何说翻译？
译事三难：信、达、雅。
--严复
The standard of true;
The standard fluent;
The standard of beauty.
--林语堂
翻译本天成，妙手偶得之
STUDIES serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in
privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business.
--Francis Bacon
读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博采也，最见于高谈阔论之中，其长才也，最见于处事判事之际。
王佐良译
Able was I ere I saw Elba.
我在到俄尔巴岛之前是有能力的。
在我看到Elba岛之前，我曾所向无敌。
不到俄岛我不倒。
弱至孤岛孤至弱。
孤至厄岛厄至孤。
困遇孤岛孤遇困。
若非孤岛孤非若（弱）。
落败孤岛孤败落。
Nobody grows merely by the number of years; we grow old by deserting our ideals. ?
年年有加，并非垂老；理想丢弃，方至暮年。
Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul.?
岁月悠悠，衰微只及肌肤；热忱抛却，颓唐必至灵魂。
--王佐良译Youth
翻译本天成，妙手偶得之
Never mind, I'll find someone like you.
毋须烦恼，终有弱水替沧海。
I wish nothing but the best, for you too.
抛却纠缠，再把相思寄巫山。
--Adele Adkins Someone like you
If I should meet thee, after long years.
How should I greet thee, with silence and tears.
-- George Gordon Byran
异化（foreignization）翻译：
多年后，如果我们相逢。
我将以何来面汝，以沉默以眼泪。
归化（domestication）翻译：
多年惜别后，抑或再相逢。
相逢何所语？泪流默无声。
归化：
《三国演义》二十一回：
“龙能大能小，能升能隐；大则兴云吐雾，小则隐介藏形；升则飞腾于宇宙之间，隐操曰：则潜伏于波涛之内。”
A dragon can assume any size, can rise in glory or hide from sight. Bulky, it generates clouds and evolves mist; attenuated, it can scarcely hide a mustard stalk or conceal a shadow. Mounting, it
can soar to the empyrean; subsiding, it lurks in the uttermost depths of the ocean.
巧妇难为无米之炊。
t cook a meal without rice. 'Even the cleverest housewife cant make bread without flour. Even the cleverest housewife can'尴尬的翻译) 人之初：At the beginning of life. (白话文：生命的起初) 性本善：Sex is good. (白话文：性是美好的) 白话文：基本上，所有的性行为是差不多滴性相近：Basically, all the sex are the same. () 白话文：但还是得依照个人的喜好而为之习相远：But it depends on the way you do it. (
思考Always meaning to meaning.
Never word to word.
人之初，性本善。性相近，习相远。Man at birth,
Being of worth.
The same nature
Varies on nurture.
判断一下？Red Cliff 《赤壁》
红岩
All men are Brothers 《水浒传》
都他妈是兄弟
《霸王别姬》Farewell, My Concubine
别了，我的情儿
判断一下？
要想皮肤好，早晚用大宝。
信：If you want good skin, you should use Dabao every morning and night.
达：We can have a beautiful face by using Dabao every day.
雅：A fair face now, Dabao knows how.
汉语（通常情况）
1.修饰结构在前
2.分离可反复
主动居多3.
4.一句可多动词
英语（通常情况）
1.修饰结构在后
2.合并避反复
3.善用被动
4.动词要有主有次
做题步骤
1.调整语序
2.直接翻译（信、达）
3.美化翻译（雅）
试题演练
●我国的端午节（the Dragon Boat Festival）是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。
The Dragon Boat Festival is a day established in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan.
●喝茶聊天是中国人中最流行的打发时间的方式。
Chatting with cups of tea is the most popular way to spend time among Chinese.
●过中秋节的习俗于唐代早期在中国各地开始流行。
The tradition of celebrating Mid-Autumn festival became popular throughout China in the early
Tang dynasty.
●旅游业是最近二十年来在世界各地迅速发展的一个行业，现在正引起中国公众越来越大的注意。Tourism is a fast developing industry for the last two decades all over the world, which now draws
more and more attention of Chinese public.
思考：“是”？
“是”的翻译技巧
●世界贸易组织是成立于1995年1月1日的，目的是确保一个稳定的全球贸易经济环境。
The WTO was founded on January 1st, 1995, which aims to ensure a stable environment of
trading and economy in the world.
改变一下？
●《三国演义》由罗贯中创作于14世纪，是一部中国历史题材小说。
Romance of Three Kingdoms, written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is a Chinese history
novel (a novel based on Chinese history stories).
●大学生之间的竞争也越来越激烈，这导致任何一名大学生找到工作的机会都变小了。
The competition among graduates has become more and more fierce, which results that the chance
that any individual graduate finds a job has decreased.
●对于那些月薪较低却渴望在大城市拥有一套属于自己的体面、舒适的栖身之所的人来说，高昂的房价是他们无法承受的负担。
For those who earn less but eager to own a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city,
the high housing price is a heavy burden that they cannot afford.
欣赏
寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚；乍暖还寒时候；最难将息。seek, seek; search, search; cold, cold; bare, bare;
Grief, grief; cruel, cruel grief
Now warm, then like the autumn cold again
How hard to calm the heart!
寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚；乍暖还寒时候；最难将息。I look for what I miss
I know not what it is
I feel so sad, so drear,
So lonely, without cheer,
How hard is it
To keep me fit
in this lingering cold.
——许渊冲
许先生也有逗B翻译：君莫舞！君不见，玉环飞燕皆尘土？Do not dance then! Have you not seen both plump and slender beauties turn to dust?
我爱你青松气质，我爱你红梅品格。
I love your temperament of the pine, and your character of the red plum.
我爱你家乡的甜蔗，好像乳汁滋润着我的心窝。I love your sugarcane in our hometown, which moistens my heart like breast milk.
合并详解做秘书与人们所想象的不同。Being a secretary is different from what people would imagine.
做秘书是一份非常复杂的需要组织、协调和沟通能力的工作。and ability coordinate to organize, which a Being a secretary is very complex job needs the
communicate.
做秘书与人们所想象的不同，非常复杂的需要组织、协调和沟通能力的工作。
Being a secretary, different from what people would imagine, is a very complex job which needs
the ability to organize, coordinate and communicate.
）是自然资源的重要组成部分，是人类社会发展的重要物质mineral resources矿产资源（基础。Mineral resources, an important part of natural resources, are a major material foundation for the development of human society.
资源相对不足的发展中国家，中国是一个人口众多、主要依靠本国的资源来保障建设需要。China, a developing country with a large population and a relative shortage of resources, depends
on its own resources to meet the needs of construction.
是中华文化不可分割的一部分，为振兴华夏做出了巨大(Traditional Chinese Medicine)中医
贡献。
Traditional Chinese Medicine, a crucial part of Chinese culture, has made great contributions to
the development (and prosperity) of China.
多动句
春天来了，
花开了，草绿了，
河水化了，阳光洒在大地上。
我们来到了小河边，
来到了田野里，
来到了山岗上。
多动句（主语相同）
解题方法：
1、动词之间地位相同：V1, V2, …, Vn。
2、动词之间有主次之分：找到主动词，其他用doing或者to do。
3、不知道谁主谁次：用连词
●体重是我的大问题，因为它决定着我找男朋友和未来嫁出去的可能性。
My weight is a big problem because it determines the possibility of my finding an excellent boyfriend and getting married in the future.
●特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。
During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms (in order) to enhance the joyous atmosphere.
●对于那些月薪较低却渴望在大城市拥有一套属于自己的体面、舒适的栖身之所的人来说，高昂的房价是他们无法承受的负担。鉴于这一状况，政府近来采取了一系列的措施来防止房价过快增长，包括提高利率及增加房产税等。
For those who earn less but are eager to own a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city, the high housing price is a heavy burden that they cannot afford. For this reason, the government has taken a series of measures to prevent the housing price from rising too fast, including raising interest rates and increasing taxes on real estate etc.
●大学生把在校的大多数时间都用在了专业学科学习上，只有当他们开始找工作的时候，
才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训。
College students spend most of their time at school studying academic subjects and it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training.
思考：
是否找个理由继续苟活？
还是展翅高飞保持愤怒？
无主句
松下问童子，言师采药去。
只在此山中，云深不知处。
（我）松下问童子，（童子）言师采药去。
（师傅）只在此山中，云深（童子）不知处。．
补主语I asked the boy beneath the pines,
The master has gone alone. He said, “Herb-picking somewhere on the mount, Cloud-hidden where abouts unknown.”——林语堂
必须保证每天八小时睡眠。' sleep every day. We must guarantee eight hours 经典案例赏析
山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村。
There is a poem from the Southern Song Dynasty that reads: After endless mountains and rivers that leave doubt whether there is a path out, suddenly one encounter the shade of a willow, bright flowers and a lovely village.
--Hillary Clinton
思考生当作人杰，死亦为鬼雄。We should live as an outstanding person,
And die as an outstanding ghost.
Be man of men while you are alive,
And soul of souls if you were dead.
——许渊冲
中国人与狗不得入内。t go in. 'Chinese and dogs canChinese and dogs are not admitted.
变被动：
必须保证每天八小时睡眠。
sleep must be guaranteed every day. ' Eight hours
●整个义务教育阶段，要求学生在每学期期末参加期末考试。final required to take students process Throughout the whole of compulsory education, are
examination.
●因此，强烈建议大学生在课余时间做一些兼职工作，以积累相关的工作经验。…Therefore, college students are strongly suggested to doTherefore, it is highly suggested that college students do some part-time jobs in their spare time to
accumulate relevant working experience.
在山的那边海的那边有一群蓝精灵……有、存在+非人主语
There be
●中西方饮食习惯存在极大的差异。
There are great differences between Chinese and western eating habits.
Great differences exist between Chinese and western eating habits.
●必须保证每天八小时睡眠。
There is eight hours' sleep that must be guaranteed every day.
●通常，胡同内有一个大杂院（courtyard），房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20口人住。Usually, there is a big courtyard in a hutong, and there are rooms for 4 to 10 families, about 20 people.
With rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people.
●中国地方戏种类很多，其中京剧（Peking Opera）是一个具有代表性的剧种。
There are many kinds of local operas in China, one of which is Peking Opera, a representative one.
思考：其中？
●在当今世界上的190多个国家中，世界贸易组织的成员国（member country）有158个。There are more than 190 countries in the world today.
There are 158 member countries in the WTO.
The WTO has 158 member countries, of more than 190 countries in the world today.
●各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异，但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。There are great differences of customs and traditions about the celebration of the Chinese New
Year from place to place. However, New Year's Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner
无主句
1.补主语
We must guarantee Eight hours' sleep every day.
2.变被动
Eight hours' sleep must be guaranteed every day.
3.There be
There is Eight hours' sleep that must be guaranteed every day.
总结
一、修饰后置
1.介词使用（of/to/in…）
2.定语从句
3.插入语或同位语
二、多动句
, and Vn …V1, V2, 、动词之间地位相同：1．
2、动词之间有主次之分：找到主动词，其他用doing或者to do
3、不知道谁主谁次：用连词
三、无主句
1. 补主语
We must guarantee eight hours' sleep every day.
2.变被动
Eight hours' sleep must be guaranteed every day.
3.There be
There is eight hours' sleep that must be guaranteed every day.
真题演练
14年12月六级1
中国将努力确保到2015年就业者接受过平均13.3年的教育。如果这一目标得以实现，今后大部分进入劳动力市场的人都须获得大学文凭。在未来几年，中国将着力增加职业学院的招生人数：除了关注高等教育之外，还将寻找新的突破以确保教育制度更加公平。中国正在努力最佳地利用教育资源。这样农村和欠发达地区将获得更多的支持。教育部还决定改善欠发达地区学生的营养，
并为外来务工人员的子女提供在城市接受教育的同等机会。
中国将努力确保到2015年就业者接受过平均13.3年的教育。如果这一目标得以实现，今后大部分进入劳动力市场的人都须获得大学文凭。
China will try to make sure that employees receive 13.3 years of education on average by 2015. If
the goal is achieved, most people who enter the labor market will have to acquire a college
diploma in the future.
在未来几年，中国将着力增加职业学院的招生人数：除了关注高等教育之外，还将寻找新的突破以确保教育制度更加公平。
In the next few years, China will make effort to increase the student enrollments of vocational colleges: apart from focusing on higher education, China will also seek new breakthroughs to
ensure greater fairness of educational system.
中国正在努力最佳地利用教育资源。这样农村和欠发达地区将获得更多的支持。
China is trying to make the best use of educational resources. In this way, rural and underdeveloped areas will receive more supports.
教育部还决定改善欠发达地区学生的营养，并为外来务工人员的子女提供在城市接受教育的同等机会。
Ministry of Education has also determined to improve the nutrition of students in less developed areas and provide equal opportunities for children of migrant workers to receive education in
cities.
复习
对于那些月薪较低却渴望在大城市拥有一套属于自己的体面、舒适的栖身之所的人来说，高昂的房价是他们无法承受的负担。
For those who earn less but eager to own a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city,
the high housing price is a heavy burden that they cannot afford.
1
月六级14年6这一新公布的计划旨排放入手。亿元治理污染，从减少PM2.5北京计划未来三年投资7,600）排放、周边地区燃煤、500多万辆机动车的尾气（exhaust在减少四种主要污染源，包括亿元用于新建或升级城市垃圾处理和污水来自北方的沙尘暴和本地的建筑灰尘。另有850）。市政府还计300亿元投资未来三年的植树造林（forestation（sewage）处理设施，加上另外，北京还将更严厉地处罚划建造一批水循环利用工厂，并制止违章建筑，以改善环境。违反限排规
定的行为。
PM2.5排放入手。北京计划未来三年投资7,600亿元治理污染，从减少years, coming three to tackle pollution in the 760 Beijing has planned to invest billion yuan
starting from reducing the PM2.5 emissions.
）排多万辆机动车的尾气（exhaust这一新公布的计划旨在减少四种主要污染源，包括500 放、周边地区燃煤、来自北方的沙尘暴和本地的建筑灰尘。
The newly released plan is aimed at reducing four major pollution sources2, including the exhaust emissions from more than 5 million motor vehicles, the burning of coals in the surrounding areas,
the sandstorms from the North and the local construction dusts.
你真正忘掉的，而且忘得那么心安理得，是那些已经得到你回信的朋友。Friends who really fall into oblivion, from which guilt is totally absent, are those who have
received my reply.
--选自余光中《尺素寸心》
另有850亿元用于新建或升级城市垃圾处理和污水（sewage）处理设施，加上300亿元投资未来三年的植树造林（forestation）。
Another 85 billion yuan will be used to build or upgrade the facilities for treatment of urban
garbage and sewage and additional 30 billion yuan will be invested in forestation in the next three years.
市政府还计划建造一批水循环利用工厂，并制止违章建筑，以改善环境。另外，北京还将更严厉地处罚违反限排规定的行为。
The municipal government also plans to set up a group of water recycling factories and stop illegal buildings in order to improve the environment. In addition, Beijing will punish more severely the behaviors that violate the regulations of emission limitation.
14年6月六级2
中文热词通常反映社会变化和文化，有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行。例如，土豪（tuhao）和大妈（dama）都是老词，但已获取了新的意义。土豪以前指欺压佃户和仆人的乡村地主，现在用于指花钱如流水或喜欢炫耀财富的人。也就是说，土豪有钱，但没有品位。大妈是对中年妇女的称呼，但现在特指不久前金价下跌时大量购买黄金的中国妇女。土豪和大妈可能会被收入新版牛津（Oxford）英语词典。至今已有约120个中文词被加进了牛津英语词典，成了英语语言的一部分。
中文热词通常反映社会变化和文化，有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行。例如，土豪（tuhao）和大妈（dama）都是老词，但已获取了新的意义。
becoming
are them of some and culture, and changes social reflect usually words hot Chinese
increasingly popular in foreign media. Tuhao and dama, for example, are both old words, but they
六级强化翻译讲义——菜鸟课程上课讲义
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四六级翻译分类整合上课讲义
四六级翻译分类整合
四六级翻译真题整合 经济类 1.中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。构成现在世界基础的许多元素都起源于中国。中国现在拥有世界上发展最快的经济，并经历着一次新的工业革命。中国还启动了雄心勃勃的太空探索计划，其实包括到2020年建成一个太空站。目前，中国是世界上最大的出口国之一，并正在吸引大量外国投资。同时，它也在海外投资数十亿美元。2011年，中国超越日本成为第二大经济体。 China is one of the world’s oldest civilizations. Many elements which formed the basis of the modern world originated from China. Now, China has the world’s fastest growing economy, experiencing a new industrial revolution. It also has launched an ambitious space exploration plan, including building a space station by 2020. At present, as one of the world’s largest exporters, China is attracting a large number of foreign investments. At the same time, it has invested billions of dollars abroad as well. In 2011, China overtook Japan becoming the second largest economy in the world. 2.据报道，今年中国快递服务(courier service)将递送大约120亿件包裹。这将使中国有可能赶超美国成为世界上最大的快递市场。大多数包裹里装着网上订购的物品。中国给数百万在线零售商以极具竞争力的价格销售商品的机会，仅在11月11日，中国消费者就从国内最大的购物平台买了价值90亿美元的商品。中国有不少这样的特殊购物日。因此，快递能在中国扩展就不足为奇了。 It is reported that China’s courier service will deliver about 12 billion parcels this year. This will make it possible for China to overtake the United States becoming the world’s largest express market. Most parcels are packed with items ordered online. In China, there are opportunities for millions of online retailers to sell their products at competitive prices. Only on the day of November 11th, Chinese consumers have bought $9 billion worth of commodities on the nation’s largest shopping platform alone. China has many such special shopping days, so it is no wonder that courier service in China have expanded. 3.中国应进一步发展核能，因为核电目前只占其总发电量的2%，该比例在所有核国家中居第30位，几乎是最低的。 2011年3月日本核电站事故后，中国的核能开发停了下来，中止审批新的核电站，并开展全国性的核安全检查。到2012年10月，审批才又谨慎地恢复。 随着技术和安全措施的改进，发生核事故的可能性完全可以降低到最低程度。换句话说，核能是可以完全开发和利用的。 China should take a further step to develop nuclear energy, because nuclear power currently accounts for only 2% of the total generating capacity. The proportion ranks 30th among all nuclear-capable countries, which almost the lowest. After the accident of Japanese nuclear power station in March 2011, China stopped its nuclear energy development, with approvals for new nuclear power plants suspended.
16年6月六级作文翻译汇总
A卷（E-learning） For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on E-learning，try to imagine what will happen when more and more people study on-line instead of going to school。You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200words。 第一段：写出现状。 第二段：分析在线学习未来的图景并简单解释原因 第三段：分析未来及自己的应对之策 Currently，an increasing numberofpeople begin to use Internet to take courses and acquire knowledge.Onlinelearning is booming all around the world。It is providing many options with learners in terms of time，locations，subjects and costs。 Online learning greatly promoteslearners’ studying efficiency and teachers’ productivity.As a result，updatedknowledge will reach those students in isolatedareas at a higher speed，whichcan make many of them keep pace withthe time。Additionally，students candecide their learning locationand time much more freely。Notably，because transportationandaccommodation will not trouble E-learners，learning cost will belargelylowered。These advantages might decrease the number ofpeople who routinelyattend schoollearning。 From my point of view，personalinteractionbetween teachers and students in schools isirreplaceable。It is a good ideathat we combine E-learning andattending school together。Learning is not asimple multiple-choicequestion but an important issue that needs your tryingandinvolvement。 B卷（机器人） For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on the use of robots。Try toimagine what will happen whenrobots take the place of human beings in industryas well aspeople’s daily lives。You are required to write at least 150wordsbut no more than 200 words。【参考范文一】 第一段：引出文章话题。说明技术的发展对人类生活的改变。 第二段：针对此现象作出观点的阐述 第三段：得出结论。 It is held bysome people that knowledge is power，especially scientific and technologicalknowledge。Science andtechnology are the motive power of the socialdevelopment，whichconstitute a primary productive force。The use of robots