河北大学博士统考英语真题
河北大学2005年博士入学考试题
二、Structure and Vocabulary （20points）
Direction：In each question decide which of the four choices given below will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put the letter of your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. 1.When workers are organized in trade unions，employers find it hard lay them______
A. Off
B. aside
C. out
D. down
2. A man who could ____such treatment was a man of remarkable physical courage and moral strength
A.bear upon
B. insist on
C. stand up to
D. persist in
3. If this method doesn’t ___, we shall have to think of another way.
A. come off
B. come about
C. come out
D. come on
4.The____ of a chemical compound when brought into contact with another gives us clues to its composition.
A .deed B. behavior C. characteristics D. correspondence
5. The chairman of the committee was delighted by the almost full __of its members at the conference.
A. dependence
B. absence
C. attendance
D. enrollment
6. The police are supposed to protect the people and their properties, ___evil conducts, guide traffic and so on.
A. suppress
B. depress
C. frustrate
D. condemn
7. John was proved innocent, for it was just a (n) _____to have found him on the murder spot.
A. coincidence
B. accident
C. occasion
D. incident
8. Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will _____will down the economy.
A. knock
B. drag
C. settle
D. put
9.It would have taken hours to work the sum out, so I____ my pocket calculator
A.turned over
B. turned to
C. turned in
D. turned out
10.The founding of the United Nations ____people’s longing for peace.
A.declared
B. announced
C. manifested
D. implied
11.The plan was ____when it was discovered just know much the scheme would cost.
A.released
B. desert
C. resigned
D. abandoned
12.Now and then I saw the captain _____the horizon for approaching ships.
A.scanning
B. scrutinizing
C. exploring
D. sweeping
13.Some economical people take food tins with them and carry the ____of the dinner home after a meal in a restaurant.
A.remains
B. remainder
C. left-over
D. rest
14.These classical literary works are ______of his originality as a writer.
A.exemption
B. exemplification
C. examination
D. execution
15. The neighbors do not consider him quite _____as most evenings he awakes them with his drunken singing.
A.respectful
B. respected
C. respectable
D. respective
16. “They had a quarrel with my brother yesterday” “____come?”A.What B. How C. Why D. Where
17. We resumed our work after the break with _____energy.
A. relieved
B. refined
C. renewed
D. reinforced
18.The shop lifter ran into the crow and _____from the sight of policemen.
A. vanished
B. escaped
C. melted
D. periled
https://www.360docs.net/doc/0812075040.html,st year, the West European States had a _____to talk about the political union.
A. convention
B. congress
C. assembly
D. conference
20.There exists in the United States at this time a powerful group of persons who are specializing in ____of crime on an organized scale.
A. quest
B. thirst
C. hunter
D. excess
三、Reading Comprehension (15points)
Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage One
We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of
some 7-8 hours’ sleep alternately with some 16-17 hours’ wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.
The question is no mere academic one. The case. For example ,with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls insistently for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from fives days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping. during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shift are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a. m. one week. 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. the next, and 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spend neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.
One answer would seem to be longer periods on each shift, a month, or even three months. Recent research by Bonjer of the Netherlands, however, has shown that people on such systems will revert to their normal habits of sleep and wakefulness during the weekend and that this is quite enough to destroy any adaptation to night work built up during the week.
The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a corps of permanent night workers whose nocturnal(夜间发生的) wakefulness may persist through all weekends and holidays. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown. She found a night incidence of disturbed sleep, digestive disorder and domestic disruption among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these symptoms among those on permanent night work.
21.Why is the question” no mere academic one?”
A. Because Bonjer’s findings are different from Brown’s.
B. Because sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.
C. Because some people can change their sleeping habits easily.
D.Because shift work in industry requires people to change their
sleeping habits.
22.According to the passage , the main problem about night work
is that_____.
A.people hate the inconvenience of working on night shifts
B.your life is disturbed by changing from day to night routines
and back
C.not all industries work at the same hours
D.it is difficult to find a corps of good night workers
23.According to the passage, the best solution to the problem
seems to be_____.
A.not to change shifts from one week to the next
B.to make periods on each shifts longer
C.to employ people who will always work at night
D.to find ways of selecting people who adapt quickly
24.In Paragraph2.”the third” means_____.
A. the third week
B. the third shift
C. a third of the time
D. the third routine
25.In the last sentence of Pragraph2, “another” means_____.
A. another routine
B. another shift
C. another week
D. another person
Passage Two
Man has become master of the earth’s surface. He is constantly
probing into the earth’s depths and into the atmosphere’s upper reaches. Yet it is doubtful whether man, with all of its intelligence and forcefulness, hold his planetary seat with greater assurance than a
vast tribe of small, many legged animals that pass their lives at his feet
–spiders.
Spiders are among the marvels of science. They dwell at higher
altitudes than any other creature of their size or larger. On the
mountain sides of Mount Everest, at an altitude of twenty-two
thousand feet ----five hundred feet above the vegetation line-lives a
species of black spider only a quarter of an inch long. This is an
incredible environment for creatures so delicately constructed. To
protect themselves from the cold of night, they take shelter in
openings where the twenty-four-hour variation in temperature is only
twelve degrees, as against forty-four on the outside.
Spiders inhabit other unlikely places-rabbit burrows, flowers, anthills, and the deserted nests of eagles. They have been found soaring through the air five miles above the earth. One species has been discovered in an African cavern more than two thousand feet underground.
26.The author thinks that spiders.
A.rival man as master of the earth
B.are as firmly established on the earth than man
C.are more forceful than man
D.are more firmly established on the earth than man
27.The writer is amazed by the black spider’s______.
A.delicate construction
B.ability to live in such varied environments
C.unusual intelligence
D.ability to withstand extreme cold
28.Spiders “hold their planetary seat with assurance” because they are_____.
A.more numerous than any other species
B.able to adapt to hostile environments
C.master of the earth’s surface
D.all of the above
29.The species of black spiders discovered on Mount Hverest is_____.
A.the smallest species of spiders
B.the highest-altitude dweller among creatures of that size or larger
C.the only creatures that lives at that altitude
D.capable of surviving in any environment
30.From this passage, we may conclude that_____’
A.spiders have adapted to many unlikely environments
B.on the whole spiders are delicate creatures
C.a species of black spiders can live anywhere
D.spiders are the greatest marvel of natural science
Passage Three
During the past few years, scientists the world over have
suddenly found themselves productively engaged in task they once
spent their lives avoiding-writing and kind of writing, but particularly
letter writing. Encourage by electronic mail’s surprising high speed, convenience and economy, people who never before touched the
stuff are regularly, skillfully, even cheerfully tapping out a great deal of correspondence.
Electronic networks, woven into the fabric of scientific communication these days, are the route to colleagues in distant countries, shared date, bulletin boards and electronic journals. Any
one with a personal computer, a modern and the software to link computers over telephone lines can sign on. An estimated five million
scientists have done so with more joining every day, most of them communicating though a bundle of interconnected domestic and
foreign routes known collectively as the Internet, or net.
E-mail is starting to edge out the fax, the telephone, overnight
mail and of course, land mail, It shrinks time and distance between
scientific collaborators, in part because it is conveniently asynchronous(异步的)(writers can type while their colleagues across
time zones sleep; their message will be waiting). If it is yet speeding discoveries, it is certainly accelerating communication.
Jeremy Bernstein. The physicist and science writer, once called E-
mail the physicist’s virtues. Physicist are using it; college students are
using it, everybody is using it, and as a sign that it has come of age, the
New Yorker has celebrated its liberating presence with a cartoon- an appreciative dog seated at a keyboard, saying happily, “On the Internet, nobody knows you’re a dog.”
31.The reason given below about the popularity of E-mail can be
found in the passage except_______.
A. direct and reliable
B. time-saving in delivery
C. money-saving
D. available at any time
32.How is the Internet or net explained in the passage?
A.Electronic routes used to read home and international journals.
B.Electronic routes used to fax or correspond overnight.
C.Electronic routes waiting for correspondence while one is
sleeping.
D.Electronic routines connected among millions of users, home and abroad.
33.What does the sentence “If is it not yet speeding discoveries, it is certainly accelerating communication” most probably mean?
A.The quick speed of correspondence may have ill-effects on discoveries.
B.Although it does not speed up correspondence, it helps make discoveries.
C.It quickens mutual communication even if it does not accelerate discoveries.
D.It shrinks time for communication and accelerates discoveries.
34.What does the sentence “On the Internet, nobody knows you’re a dog,” imply in the last paragraph?
A.Even dogs are interested in the computer.
B.E-mail has become very popular.
C.Dogs are liberated from their usual duties.
D.E-mail deprives dogs of their owners’ love.
35.What will happen to fax, land mail, overnight mail, etc. according to the writer?
A.Their functions cannot be replaced by E-mail.
B.They will co-exist with E-mail for a long time.
C.Less and less people will use them.
D.They will play a supplementary function to E-mail.
四、Translate the following passage into Chinese (10 points)
The clusters of graceful palms, reflected deep in the placid expanse of the backwater, were silhouetted inky black against the sunset sky, aflame with clouds that were the color of gold and fire, and blood.
A slow breeze caused gentle ripples in the otherwise mirror like perfection of the island sea. The distant melodies of a fisherman’s flute—now a clear, shrill bird-like note, now a mere whisper—seemed to enhance, rather than shatter, the all-pervading stillness.
五、Writing（15 points）
Direction：For this part, you are asked to write a composition on the
topic How to Keep Balance between Economic Development and Environmental Protection You should write at least 200 words.
How to Keep Balance between Economic Development and
Environmental Protection
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2015河北师范大学考博英语历年真题 一、招考介绍 从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、河北师范大学考博英语题型 Paper One为客观题，共两大项，50小题(占总分40%)， 阅读(30%) 词汇(10%); Paper Two为主观题，共三大项，17小题(占总分60%)， 改错(10%)、 翻译(汉译英15%，英译汉10%) 写作(25%)。 三、考博英语必备参考书 育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。 四、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种：
（1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。 （2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。 (3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。不可否认，这是最好的情况，你可以放心的去考，一般不会出问题的。但不排除偶然，像出现直博和本学校的硕转博名额问题，可能会给我们的报考和录取产生影响。 总之考博凭的是实力和自身的本事，关系只是占一部分，自己努力了就行，不用过分纠结于导师回复有没有啥隐含意思的。 初次联系好导师后，一定要注意跟导师保持联系。每半个月或者一个月向导师汇报一下学习情况或者复习情况，交流一下科研方向，这很有必要。一方面让导师觉得你很想去跟他深造，另一方面显得你虔诚好学。 五、听力答题技巧 1、卷子发下来后快速的浏览一遍，包括题干和答案。这样会大大提高你对听力的理解---知道它是讲什么内容，大概是怎么回事。联系我们扣扣：四一六九二五五五九。电话：四零零六六八六九七八。扣扣群：一零五六一九八二零。 2、没听懂的题目，就放弃它，千万不要在听下道题的时候还在想上道题。这样会引起头脑的混乱。 3、相信第一感觉，听力部分不是非常确凿的感觉的话不要改动开始的答案。人的大脑有时候会混淆的。因此很多情况下不是你选错了，而是改错了。因此轻易别选，但是选了之后轻易别改。 (1)提炼选项中的重要信息 考生务必先看选项。当录音人开始宣读Directions时，考生应充分利用这段时间速读选项，预测考点，从而做到心中有数。通过先看选项，可以明确题目多方面的信息。 (2)掌握节奏合理安排时间 可能没有哪种考试对时间安排的要求比听力考试还要苛刻。“录音不等人”，所以很多考生答题时都很紧张。其实，听力考试每分钟阅读的字数和停顿时间有严格限制：约每分钟140词，每个问题后有约15秒停顿。拍子已经固定，我们要做的是跟上节奏，过分的紧张只会造成混乱，直接影响发挥。 答题时，考生切勿在某一题上花费过多的时间(一般少于10秒/题)，剩余的时间用于阅读下一题的选项和大胆猜测考点。一旦没有听懂就根据已经掌握的信息迅速猜一个答案，马上进入下一题的节奏。千万不可拖泥带水，否则破坏了节奏，可能造成随后的简单题目失分。答案选定后可放松一口气，然后尽可能多看下一题乃至两题的选项。
通用考博英语历年真题
历年真题 2000年北京大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题 PartⅡStructure & Written Expression Directions: In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put the letter of your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (25%) 1．Thomas Wolfe portrayed people so that you came to know their yearnings, their impulses, and their warts-this was effective______． A．motivation B．point of view C．characterization D．background 2．The appeal to the senses known as______is especially common in poetry． A．imaginative B．imaginable C．ingenious D．imagery 3．If you've got a complaint, the best thing is to see the person concerned and______with him．A．tell it B．have it out C．say it D．have it known 4．There have been several attempts to introduce gayer colors and styles in men's clothing, but none of them______． A．has caught on B．has caught him out C．has caught up D．take roots 5．The retired engineer plunked down＄50,000in cash for a mid-size Mercedes as a present for his wife______a purchase with money made in the stock market the week before． A．paid off B．paid through C．paid out D．paid for 6．He has courage all right, but in matters requiring judgment, he has often been found sadly______． A．lack it B．absent C．in need of it D．wanting 7．Danis Hayes raised the essential paradox and asked how people could have fought so hard against environmental degradation______themselves now on the verge of losing the war． A．only found B．finding only C．only to find D．have only found 8．The once separate issue of environment and development are now______linked． A．intangible B．indispensable C．inextricably D．incredibly 9．The need to see that justice is done______every decision made in the courts． A．implants into B．imposes on C．impinges upon D．imprecates upon 10．Two thirds of the U. S. basketball players are black, and the number would be greater______the continuing practice of picking white bench warmers for the sake of balance． A．was it not because of B．had it not been for C．were it not for D．would it not have been for 11．No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything______going on in the world． A．it is B．there is C．as is D．what is 12．If there is the need to compete in a crowd, to battle______the edge the surest strategy is to develop the unexpected． A．on B．for C．against D．with 13．Just as there are occupations that require college or even higher degrees, ______occupations for which technical training is necessary． A．so too there are B．so also there are C．so there are too D．so too are there 14．It is a myth that the law permits the Food and Drug Administration to ignore requirements for______drugs while brand-name drugs still must meet these rigid tests． A．specific B．generic C．intricate D．acrid 15．The very biggest and most murderous wars during the industrial age were intra-industrial wars that______Second Wave nations like Germany and Britain against one an other． A．pitted B．drove C．kept D．embarked 16．The private life of having each individual make his or her own choice of beliefs and interest______without the overarching public world of the state, which sustains a structure of law appropriate to a self-determining association． A．is not possible B．would not be possible C．will not be possible D．cannot be possible 17．From Christianity and the barbarian kingdoms of the west emerged the medieval version of politics______in tum evolved the politics of our modern world． A．of which B．from which C．on which D．by which 18．The Portuguese give a great deal of credit to one man for having promoted sea travel that