英语词汇学 术语解释

英语词汇学 术语解释
英语词汇学 术语解释

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Lexicology the

is into linguistics, inquiring a branch of

origins and meanings of words.

Morphology different

their and the : study of morpheme

forms.

Semantics the study of word meaning.

:Etymology: the study of the origin of words, and of their history and changes in their meaning.

Stylistics : the study of the variation in language which is dependent on the situation in which the language is used and also on the effect the writer or speaker wishes to create on the reader or hearer

Lexicography : the compiling of dictionaries. Synchronic study one

or words at a : the study of word

particular point in time.

Diachronic study studies

which to : an approach lexicology

how a word (or words) changes over a period of time.

word: a word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. vocabulary:Vocabulary refers to the total number of the words in a language, but it can stand for all the words used in a particular historical period.Vocabulary also refers to all the words of a given dialect, given book, a given discipline

;..

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and the words possessed by an individual person. Terminology in

technical of terms used 术语consists

particular disciplines and academic areas as in medicine: Jargon refers to the specialized vocabularies by which

行话and arts, sciences, trades members of particular

in such as professions communicate among themselves business.

slang belongs to the sub-standard language, a category

俚语that seems to stand between the standard general words

in-group and available including informal ones to everyone words

Argot generally refers to the jargon of criminals. Its

黑话use is confined to the sub-cultural groups, and outsiders can

hardly understand it,

Archaisms in

once are words or forms that were 古词语or restricted only specialized to are common use but now

limited use.

Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions,

新词语or words that have taken on new meanings. denizens and

past in are 同化词words borrowed early the

now are well assimilated into the English language. Alien retained

which borrowed 非同化词are words have

;..

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their original pronunciation and spelling. Translation-loans.Translation-loans are words and

借译词

the existing expressions formed from the material in English language but modelled on the patterns taken from another language.

Semantic-loans not

借义词Words of this category are

borrowed with reference to the form. But their meanings are borrowed.

wordContent : the basic word stock is the foundation of the

forms ,which accumulated and over centuries vocabulary the common core of the language. It is the most important part of vocabulary.

Creation : the formation of new words by using the existing elements. and other affixes materials, namely roots, Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need.

Morpheme: the smallest meaningful unit in a language Allomorph: any of the different forms of a morpheme Free morpheme: a linguistic form which can be used on its own as a word

morphemeBound : a form (morpheme) which can not he used

Bound

another used must alone hut be with morpheme.

;..

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morphemes include hound roots and affixes

Affixes word

attached to or words that : forms are

elements to modify meaning or function

Prefixation(suffixation): is the formation of new words by adding prefixes(suffixes) to stem

Inflectional affixes: affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships affixesDerivational : affixes added to other morphemes to

create new words

Root: a morpheme which is the basic part of a word that can not be further analyzed without total loss of identity Stem: a form to which affixes of any kind can be added Bound root: a root that can not stand alone as a word Monomorphemic words: words that have nothing more than

a free morpheme

Affixation the

affixation) is known : Derivation (also as

process of formation of words by adding word-forming or

of stems. Affixaton consisits to derivational affixes prefixation and suffixation. Prefixation is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems; suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to stems. Compounding: Compounding or composition is the formation

;..

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of new words by joining two or more stems. Words formed in this way tire called compounds.

Conversion by

the formation of new words :Conversion is converting words of one class to another class. Functional shift = conversion Zero-derivation .Adjective to noun : (1) full conversion (2) partial conversion

Acronymy Acronymy is the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of neames of social and political terms noun phrases and technical organizations or special VOA, 不发音)e.g. BBC, Acronymy 包含两类:1) initialisms ()e.g. CORE, TEFL

TB2) acronyms (形成新的发音Blending is the formation of new words by combining parts

of two words or a won! plus a part of another word. Words

formed by blending are called blends or pormanteau.

the involves words of making new which way Clipping is a shortening a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead.

Back-formation words

new process of forming is a

the by process opposite of suffixation the considered to removal of an affix from existing word.

Words from proper names of place, people, trade, book, etc.

Concept,is beyond language, is the result of human cognition,

;..

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reflecting the objective world in the human mind Sense : denotes the relationships inside the language. Reference the

and between the is relationship language

world.

;..

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和各种各样的原因也不断在变化。这些数字上的变化详见下面的几个表。解放前大学中没有现在的这种大学英语(原称公共英语)性质的课程。故表二无解放前大学英语教学大纲的要求。 表一: 中学教学大纲对词汇量的要求

表二: 大学英语教学大纲对词汇量的要求

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Terminology Translations on lexicology 英语词汇学术语翻译 A acronym首字母拼音词acronymy首字母拼音法 addition增词 adjective compound复合形容词 affective meaning感情意义 affix词缀 affixation词缀法 Albanian阿尔巴尼亚语(族)aliens非同化词alliteration头韵(法)allomorph词素(形位)变体ambiguity歧义 amelioration of meamng词义的升华analogy类推 analytic language分析性语言antithsis对偶 antonym反义词 antonymy反义关系 appreciative term褒义词 archaic word古词 archaism古词语

argot隐语(黑话)Armenian亚美尼亚语(族)Associated transfer联想转移association联想 associative meanings关联意义 B back-formation逆生法 back clipping词尾截短 Balto-Slavic波罗斯拉夫语(族)bilinguall双语的 basic word stock基本词汇 blend拼缀词 blending拼缀法 borrowed word借词 bound form粘着形式 bound morpheme粘着语素(形位)bound root粘着词根 C casual style随便文体 catchPhrase时髦语 Celtic凯尔特语(族)central meaning中心意义 Clipping截短法 collocability搭配能力

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