【VIP专享】英语词汇学引论 术语翻译
Abberbation 缩写；缩略
Ablative case 夺格（即第五个或工具格）Absolute synonym 绝对同义词Accusative case 直接宾格
Acronym 首字母缩略词
Aderbial clause of concession 让步状语从句Affix 词缀
Affixation 词缀法
Alien 外国词
Alliteration 头韵
Alphabetical order 字母表顺序Amelioration 进化
Analogy 类比
Analytic language 分析性语言Anthropomorphic 拟人化的
Antonym 反义词
Antonymy 翻译关系
Approach to 方法
Archaism 古词
Arbitrary 任意的
Argot 黑话
Autosemantic 词本身有独立意义的
Base 词基
Back-formation 逆成法
Bilingual 双语的
Blend 拼缀词
Blending 拼缀法
Borrowed word 借词
Borrowing 借词
Bound morpheme 粘着形位
Briton 布立吞人
Capitalization 大写
Case 格
Classical element 古典成分
Clipping 缩短法
Collocability 词的搭配能力
Collocation 词的搭配
Colloquialism 口语词
Colloquial style 口语语体
Combining form 构词成分Complementaries 互补性反义词
Complex word 复合词
Compound 合成词
Compound word 合成词
Compounding 合成法
Concatenation 连锁型语义演变过程Conjugation 动词变位
Connotative meaning 内含意义
Context 语境
Contraries 相对性反义词
Conventional 约定俗成的
Converging sound-development 语音发展的一致性Conversion 转类法
Conversives 换位性反义词
Cosmopolitan character 国际性
Dative case 与格（第三格）
De-adjectival 由形容词转变而来的
Declension 名词、形容词等的变格Degradation of meaning 意义的降格
Denizen 外来词
Denominal nouns :abstract 纯名词表示抽象意义Denominal nouns :concrete 纯名词表示具体意义Denotative meaning 外延意义
Derivative antonym 派生反义词
Deterioration 退化
Deverbal noun 由动词派生的名词
Diachronic approach 历时分析法
Diachronic dictionary 历史语言学词典Diachrony 历时分析
Dialect 方言
Double genitive case 双生格
Doublets 两词一组的同义词
Elevation of meaning 意义的升格Encyclopaedic dictionary 百科全书词典
Entry 词条
Etymology 词源学
Euphemism 委婉语
Euphony 语音的和谐悦耳
Existing word 现行的词
Exocentric word 离心结构合成词
Extension of meaning 意义的扩大
Figure of speech 修饰手段
Figurative use 比喻用法
Foreign element 外来语成分
Formal word 书面词
Form-word 虚词
Free from 自由形式
Free morpheme 自由形位
Free phrase 自由词组
French element 法语成分
Full conversion 完全转类法
Full word 实词
Functional word 虚词
Generalization 一般化
Genitive case 生格（第二格）
General dictionary 一般性词典
Glossary 难词
Headword 词目
Homoform 同语法形式异义词
Homograph 同形异音异义词
Homonym 同音异义词；同形异义词；同音同形异义词Homonymy 同音、同形、同音同形异义词的研究Homophone 同音异形异义词
Hybrid 混合词
Hyponym 下意词
Hyponymy 上下意关系
Idiom 习语
Idiomatic phrase 惯用语词组
Imperative sentence 祈使句
Indo-European family 印欧语系
Inflected language 曲折性语言
Informal word 口语词
Jargon 行话
Latin element 拉丁语成分
Leveled inflections 曲折变化弱化
Linguistic context 语言语境
Literal use 字面用法
Loan-word借词
Locative case 位置格
Locative prefix 表示地点的前缀
Lost inflections 曲折变化消失
Main stress 主重音
Medium-sized dictionary 中型词典Metaphor隐喻
Middle English 中古英语Miscellaneous prefix 混合型前缀Monosemy 一词单意
Morpheme 形位
Morphology 词法
Motivation 理据
Multilingual 用多种语言表达的；多语的
Narrowing of meaning 意义的缩小Native element 本族语成分
Native word 本族语词
Negative prefix 表示否定的前缀
Neo-classical 新古典主义的Neologism 新词
New word 新词
Nominative case 主格
Nonce word 临时造的词
Non-linguistic context 非语言语境Notional word 实词
Number prefix 表示数目的前缀
Obsolete word 费词
Official language 官方语言
Old English 古英语
Onomatopoeia 象声词
Open 分开写的
Orthographic criterion 正字法标准
Part of the speech 词类
Partial conversion 部分转类法Pejorative prefix 表示贬义的前缀Pahatic communion 交际性谈话Phonetics 语音学
Phonology 音位学
Phraseological idiom 熟语
Physiology 生理学
Pocket dictionary 小型词典
Polarity 对立性
Polysemic character 一词多义性Polysemy 一词多义
Popular 通俗的
Possessive case 所有格
Preciseness 精确性
Prefix 前缀
Prefixation 前缀法
Private prefix 表示反义的前缀
radiation 放射型的语义演变过程
reduplicative compound 或者reduplicative(s )重叠合成词reference 语词所指涵义
referent 语词所指事物
relative synonym 相对同义词
repetition 重复
representative work 代表作
reversative prefix表示反义的前缀
rhyme 韵脚
richness丰富性
root 词根
root antonym词根反义词
Scandinavian element 斯堪的纳维亚语成分
Secondary stress次重音
Semantic borrowing(s)义借词
Semantics语义学
Semiotic triangle三角关系符号学理论
Sense-shift语义转换
Shade of meaning意义的（细微）差别
Shortening缩短法
(the)sign theory of Saussure索绪尔符号理论
Signified（借助符号进行交际的）事物的概念或涵义Signifier代表事物的概念或涵义符号
Simile明喻
Slang俚语
solid(合成词中两个词）连起来写的
special dictionary专门性词典
specialization 特殊化
Spelling拼写
Stem词干
Stylistics文体学
Suffix后缀
Suffixation后缀法
(the)superordinate (term)上义词
Survival(s)(vestiges)保留下来的词
Sychronic approach共时分析法
Sychronic dictionary共时语言学词典
Synchrony共时分析
Synesthetic（产生）联觉的
Synecdoche提喻法
Synonym同义词
Synonymy 同义关系
Synsemantic 与其他词连用时才有意义的
Teutonic language条顿（日耳曼）语言
The Angles,Saxons and Jutes盎格鲁人撒克逊人，朱特人The Norman conquest 诺曼征服英国
Translation-loans译借词
Triplets三词一组的同义词
Unabridged dictionary 大型（无任何删节的）词典Variety (语言的）变体
Word-class 词类
Word -formation word-building 构词法
Word-forming ability 构词能力
Word-stock词汇
Working language 工作语言
常用金融英语词汇的翻译知识讲解
常用金融英语词汇的 翻译
常用金融英语词汇的翻译 acquiring company 收购公司 bad loan 呆帐 chart of cash flow 现金流量表 clearly-established ownership 产权清晰 debt to equity 债转股 diversity of equities 股权多元化 economy of scale 规模经济 emerging economies 新兴经济 exchange-rate regime 汇率机制 fund and financing 筹资融资 global financial architecture 全球金融体系 global integration, globality 全球一体化，全球化 go public 上市 growth spurt （经济的）急剧增长 have one's "two commas" 百万富翁 hedge against 套期保值 housing mortgage 住房按揭 holdings 控股，所持股份 holding company 控股公司 initial offerings 原始股 initial public offerings 首次公募 innovative business 创新企业 intellectual capital 智力资本 inter-bank lending 拆借 internet customer 网上客户 investment payoff period 投资回收期 joint-stock 参股 mall rat 爱逛商店的年轻人 means of production 生产要素 (the)medical cost social pool for major diseases 大病医疗费用社会统筹mergers and acquisitions 并购
英语词汇学 术语解释
.' Lexicology the is into linguistics, inquiring a branch of origins and meanings of words. Morphology different their and the : study of morpheme forms. Semantics the study of word meaning. ：Etymology: the study of the origin of words, and of their history and changes in their meaning. Stylistics : the study of the variation in language which is dependent on the situation in which the language is used and also on the effect the writer or speaker wishes to create on the reader or hearer Lexicography : the compiling of dictionaries. Synchronic study one or words at a : the study of word particular point in time. Diachronic study studies which to : an approach lexicology how a word (or words) changes over a period of time.
英语词汇学教程参考题答案(杨信彰)
《英语词汇学教程》参考答案 Chapter 1 1. The three definitions agree that lexicology studies words. Yet, they have different focuses. Definition 1 focuses on the meaning and uses of words, while definition 2 on the overall structure and history. Definition 3 regards lexicology as a branch of linguistics and focuses on the semantic structure of the lexicon. It is interesting to note that the three definitions use different names for the object of study. For Definition 1, it is words, for Definition 2 the vocabulary of a language, and for Definition 3 the lexicon. 2. (1) They can go into the room, and if they like, shut the door. (2) You boys are required to give in your homework before 10 o’clock. (3) I watch the football match happily and find it very interesting. 3. (1) W hen it follows ‘-t’ and ‘-d’, it is pronounced as [id]; (2) When it follows voiceless consonants, it is pronounced as [t]; (3) When it follows voiced consonants and vowels, it is pronounced as [d]. 4. (1) They are words that can be included in a semantic field of “tree”. (2) They represent the forms of the verb “fly” and have a common meaning. (3) They belong to a lexical field of “telephone communication”. (4) They are synonyms, related to human visual perception. Specifically, they denote various kinds of “looking”. 5. (a) 'blackboard: a board with a dark smooth surface, used in schools for writing with chalk (the primary stress in on black); 'blackbird: a particular kind of bird, which may not necessarily be black in color (the primary stress in on black); 'greyhound: a slender, swift dog with keen sight (the primary stress in on black); 'White House: the residence of the US President in Washington (the primary stress in on black). (b) 'black 'board: any board which is black in color (both words receive primary stress); 'black 'bird: any bird which is black in color (both words receive primary stress); 'grey 'hound: any hound that is grey in color (both words receive primary stress); 'white 'house: any house that is painted white (both words receive primary stress). 6. There are 44 orthographic words, i.e. sequences of letters bounded by space. There are 24 open class words and 20 closed class words. 7. (a) The ‘bull’ is literal, referring to a male bovine animal. (b) ‘Take the bull by the horn’is an idiom, meaning (having the courage to) deal with someone or something directly. (c) ‘Like a bull in a china shop’is an idiom, meaning doing something with too much enthusiasm or too quickly or carelessly in a way that may damage things or upset someone.
Datasheet中常用英语词汇翻译
Datasheet中常用英语词汇翻译 序号英文术语中文术语 1 backplane 背板 2 Band gap voltage reference 带隙电压参考 3 benchtop supply 工作台电源 4 Block Diagram 方块图 5 Bode Plot 波特图 6 Bootstrap 自举 7 Bottom FET Bottom FET 8 bucket capcitor 桶形电容 9 chassis 机架 10 Combi-sense Combi-sense 11 constant current source 恒流源 12 Core Sataration 铁芯饱和 13 crossover frequency 交*频率 14 current ripple 纹波电流 15 Cycle by Cycle 逐周期 16 cycle skipping 周期跳步 17 Dead Time 死区时间 18 DIE Temperature 核心温度 19 Disable 非使能，无效，禁用，关断 20 dominant pole 主极点 21 Enable 使能，有效，启用 22 ESD Rating ESD额定值
23 Evaluation Board 评估板 24 Exceeding the specifications below may result in permanent damage to the device, or device malfunction. Operation outside of the parameters specified in the Electrical Characteristics section is not implied. 超过下面的规格使用可能引起永久的设备损害或设备故障。建议不要工作在电特性表规定的参数范围以外。 25 Failling edge 下降沿 26 figure of merit 品质因数 27 float charge voltage 浮充电压 28 flyback power stage 反驰式功率级 29 forward voltage drop 前向压降 30 free-running 自由运行 31 Freewheel diode 续流二极管 32 Full load 满负载 33 gate drive 栅极驱动 34 gate drive stage 栅极驱动级 35 gerber plot Gerber 图 36 ground plane 接地层 37 Henry 电感单位：亨利 38 Human Body Model 人体模式 39 Hysteresis 滞回 40 inrush current 涌入电流 41 Inverting 反相 42 jittery 抖动 43 Junction 结点 44 Kelvin connection 开尔文连接
自考英语词汇学翻译精华整理
学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考 English Lexicology(英语词汇学) 1.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages.英语词汇学旨在调查和研究英语单词和单词的等价物的形态结构,其语义结构、关系、历史发展、形成和用法。 2.English Lexicology is correlated with such linguistic disciplines as morphology(形态学), semantics(语义学), etymology(词源学),stylistics（文体论）and lexicography(词典学) Chapter 1--Basic concepts of words and vocabulary 1.Word（词的定义）: A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. (1)a minimal free form of a language (2)a sound unity (3)a unit of meaning (4)a form that can function alone in a sentence 词语是语言最小的自由形式，拥有固定的声音和意义以及句法作用。 2.Sound and meaning（声音与意义）: almost arbitrary, “no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself”词语是一个符号，代表着世界上其他的事物。每种世界文化已经赞成一定的读音将代表一定的人，事，地方，特性，过程，行动，当然是在语言系统之外。这种象征性的联系几乎总是主观的，并且“在代表事物和思想的声音和实际的事物和思想之间没有法定关系” 3.Sound and form（读音和形式）:不统一的四个原因（1）the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans,which does not have a separate letter to represent each other内因是因为英语字母表采用罗马字母，罗马字母没有独立的字母代表每个读音，因此一些字母代表两个读音或者组合在一起发音。 （2）the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years另一个原因是发音比拼写的变化快，在一些时候还拉开了距离。在最近五百年里，尽管口语发音已经出现了显著的变化，却没有相应的拼写变化。 （3）some of the difference were created by the early scribes第三个原因是一些早期的书写员发明了一些不同。（4）the borrowings is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary最后借词来了，这是丰富英语词汇的重要途径。 （5）printing印刷已经变得非常普及。它有助于固定单词的拼写、standardization标准化使得拼写不容改变。、dictionary字典在拼写终结中得到好处。 —Old English,The speech of the time was represented very much more faithfully in writing than it is today. 古代英语中的口语比今天更忠实的代表书面语 —The written form of English is an imperfect representation of the spoken form。英语的书写是发音形式不完善的代表 4.What is vocabulary？ （1）Total number of the words in a language一个语言的单词综合 （2）Words used in a particular historical period 特殊历史时期使用的单词 （3）All the words of a dialect，a book ，a discipline...某个方言，书籍，学科中的所有单词 5.Classification of English Words：英语词汇由所有种类的词汇组成。它们可以根据不同的标 准或者不同的目的进行分类。 By use frequency:basic word stock&nonbasic vocabulary根据使用频率，单词可以分为基础词和非基础词。 By notion:content words&functional words可以根据概念分成实词和虚词
英语词汇学教程(练习答案)(1)解析
《英语词汇学教程》（2004 年版）练习答案 Chapter 1 7. Choose the standard meaning from the list on the right to match each of the slang words on the left. a. tart: loose woman b. bloke: fellow c. gat: pistol d. swell: great e. chicken: coward f. blue: fight g. smoky: police h. full: drunk i. dame: woman j. beaver: girl 8. Give the modern equivalents for the following archaic words. haply = perhaps albeit = although methinks = it seems to me eke = also sooth = truth morn = morning troth = pledge ere = before quoth = said hallowed = holy billow = wave / the sea bade = bid 12. Categorize the following borrowed words into denizens, aliens, translation loans, and semantic loans. Denizens: kettle, die, wall, skirt, husband Aliens: confrere, pro patria, Wunderkind, mikado, parvenu Translation loans: chopstick, typhoon, black humour, long time no see Semantic loans: dream Chapter 2 1. Why should students of English lexicology study the Indo-European Language Family? The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary. Knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately. 2. Make a tree diagram to show the family relations of the modern languages given below.
【VIP专享】英语词汇学引论 术语翻译
Abberbation 缩写；缩略 Ablative case 夺格（即第五个或工具格）Absolute synonym 绝对同义词Accusative case 直接宾格 Acronym 首字母缩略词 Aderbial clause of concession 让步状语从句Affix 词缀 Affixation 词缀法 Alien 外国词 Alliteration 头韵 Alphabetical order 字母表顺序Amelioration 进化 Analogy 类比 Analytic language 分析性语言Anthropomorphic 拟人化的 Antonym 反义词 Antonymy 翻译关系 Approach to 方法 Archaism 古词 Arbitrary 任意的 Argot 黑话 Autosemantic 词本身有独立意义的 Base 词基 Back-formation 逆成法 Bilingual 双语的 Blend 拼缀词 Blending 拼缀法 Borrowed word 借词 Borrowing 借词 Bound morpheme 粘着形位 Briton 布立吞人 Capitalization 大写 Case 格 Classical element 古典成分 Clipping 缩短法 Collocability 词的搭配能力 Collocation 词的搭配 Colloquialism 口语词 Colloquial style 口语语体 Combining form 构词成分Complementaries 互补性反义词
Complex word 复合词 Compound 合成词 Compound word 合成词 Compounding 合成法 Concatenation 连锁型语义演变过程Conjugation 动词变位 Connotative meaning 内含意义 Context 语境 Contraries 相对性反义词 Conventional 约定俗成的 Converging sound-development 语音发展的一致性Conversion 转类法 Conversives 换位性反义词 Cosmopolitan character 国际性 Dative case 与格（第三格） De-adjectival 由形容词转变而来的 Declension 名词、形容词等的变格Degradation of meaning 意义的降格 Denizen 外来词 Denominal nouns :abstract 纯名词表示抽象意义Denominal nouns :concrete 纯名词表示具体意义Denotative meaning 外延意义 Derivative antonym 派生反义词 Deterioration 退化 Deverbal noun 由动词派生的名词 Diachronic approach 历时分析法 Diachronic dictionary 历史语言学词典Diachrony 历时分析 Dialect 方言 Double genitive case 双生格 Doublets 两词一组的同义词 Elevation of meaning 意义的升格Encyclopaedic dictionary 百科全书词典 Entry 词条 Etymology 词源学 Euphemism 委婉语 Euphony 语音的和谐悦耳 Existing word 现行的词 Exocentric word 离心结构合成词 Extension of meaning 意义的扩大 Figure of speech 修饰手段
翻译基本概念
《翻译》课程理论汇编（基本概念） 1.1 翻译的概念 一般地，我们将翻译定义为：将一种语言（口语或笔语形式）（译出语）转换或创造为另一种语言（译入语）。翻译是一种非常复杂的 人类高级语言活动，这种活动的整个过程是很难以图示、语言等其他方式阐释清楚的。不同领域、不同派别的学者对翻译有着不同的定义。 1.1.1 语言学家对翻译的定义 语言学家将翻译视为一种语言活动，同时认为，翻译理论属于语言学的一个部分，即研究译出语和译入语的转换关系。解释如下： （1）Catford（1965：20）认为，翻译是译出语和译入语间的文本等效转换。 （2）Nida 和Taber（1969：12）认为，翻译是译出语和译入语间意义和形式上的最紧密联系转换。 （3）Newmark（1982/1988：5）认为，翻译理论源自于比较语言学，属于语义学的一部分，而所有语义学的研究课题都与翻译理论息 息相关。 1.1.2 文化角度对翻译的定义 从文化角度来看，翻译不仅仅是语言符号的转换，同时是文化的交流，尤其是“文化间交流”。通常我们把这一术语又改称为“文化 间合作”或“跨文化交际”等。 Shuttleworth 和Cowie（1997：35）认为，与其说翻译是两种语言之间的符号转换，不如说是两种语言所代表的两种文化间的转换。 译者在处理涉及语言文化方面的译务工作时，认为任何一种语言中都饱含着其文化中的相关元素（比如：语言中的问候语、固定搭配 等），任何文本都存在于特定的文化环境中，同时，由于各语言所代表的多元文化差异很大，语言间的转化和创造性生成模式千变万化。 Nida 认为，对于一个成功的翻译工作者而言，掌握两种文化比掌握两种语言更为重要，因为语言中的词汇只有在特定的语言文化环境 中才能具有正确的、合乎文化背景的义项。 王佐良先生指出（1989），翻译不仅涉及语言问题，也涉及文化问题。译者不仅要了解外国的文化，还要深入了解自己民族的文化。 不仅如此，还要不断的将两种文化加以比较，因为真正的对等应该是在各自文化中的含义、作用、范围、感情色彩、影响等等都是相当的。 翻译者必须是一个真正意义的文化人。人们会说：他必须掌握两种语言；确实如此，但是不了解语言当中的文化，谁也无法真正掌握语言。 1.1.3 文学角度对翻译的定义 持文学观点的翻译工作者认为，翻译是对语言的艺术性创造，或是一种善于创造的艺术。一些西方学者也认为，翻译是对“原文本的 艺术性改写”。 文学翻译的任务时要把原作中包含的一定社会生活的映像完好无损地从一种语言移注到另一种语言中，在翻译过程中追求语言的艺术 美，再现原作的艺术性。用矛盾的话说，是“使读者在读译文的时候能够像读原著一样得到启发、感动和美的感受。” 语言是塑造文学形象的工具，因而文学的形象性特征必然要在语言上表现出来。文学语言的特征，诸如形象、生动、鲜明、含蓄、凝
大学英语词汇学教程参考答案
《英语词汇学教程》参考答案 (注：参考答案仅供参考。有些题目的答案并非是唯一的) Chapter 1 1. The three definitions agree that lexicology studies words. Yet, they have different focuses. Definition 1 focuses on the meaning and uses of words, while definition 2 on the overall structure and history. Definition 3 regards lexicology as a branch of linguistics and focuses on the semantic structure of the lexicon. It is interesting to note that the three definitions use different names for the object of study. For Definition 1, it is words, for Definition 2 the vocabulary of a language, and for Definition 3 the lexicon. 2. (1) They can go into the room, and if they like, shut the door. (2) You boys are required to give in your homework before 10 o’clock. (3) I watch the football match happily and find it very interesting. 3. (1) when it follows ‘-t’ and ‘-d’, it is pronounced as [id]; (2) when it follows voiceless consonants, it is pronounced as [t]; (3) when it follows voiced consonants and vowels, it is pronounced as [d]. 4. (1)They are words that can be included in a semantic field of “tree”.
《英语词汇学》重要术语中英文对照
《英语词汇学》重要术语 One: 1. Native words 本族词 Words of Anglo-Saxon origin or of Old English are native words. 2. Loan words 借词 Words borrowed from other languages are loan words or borrowed words. 3. Slang words 俚语 Slang words are those words of a vigorous, colourful, facetious, or taboo nature, invented for specific occasions, or uses, or derived from the unconventional use of the standard vocabulary. 4. Function words 功能词 Function words are often short words such as determiners, conjunctions, prepositions, auxiliaries that serve grammatically more than anything else. 5. Content words 实义词 Content words are used to name objects, qualities, actions, processes or states, and have independent lexical meaning. 6. Free forms 自由形式 Forms which occur as sentences are free forms. Two: 1. Morphemes 语素 Morphemes are the smallest meaningful linguistic units of English language, not divisible or analyzable into smaller forms. 2. Allomorphs 语素变体 Allomorphs are any of the variant forms of a morpheme as conditioned by position or adjoining sounds. 3. Free morpheme 自由语素 Free morpheme is one that can be uttered alone with meaning. 4. Bound morpheme 粘着语素 Bound morpheme cannot stand by itself as a complete utterance and must appear with at least one other morpheme, free or bound. 5. Root 词根 Root is the basic unchangeable part of a word and it conveys the main lexical meaning of the word. 6. Affix 词缀 Affix is a collective term for the type of formative that can be used only when added to another morpheme. 7. Inflectional affix 屈折词缀 Inflectional affix serves to express such meanings as plurality, tense, and the comparative or superlative degree. 8. Derivational affix 派生词缀 Derivational affix is the kind of affixes that has specific lexical meaning hand can derive a word when it is added to another morpheme. 9. Prefixes 前缀 Prefixes are affixes added before words.
100个最常用的语言学术语(欧美语言学)
100个最常用的语言学术语（“欧美语言学”课） 1.语言language 2.语言学linguistics 3.语言学家linguist；philologist 4.语法grammar 5.语法单位grammatical unit 6.语法形式grammatical form 7.语法意义grammatical meaning 8.语法手段grammatical device 9.语法范畴grammatical category 10.元音vowel 11.辅音consonant 12.语文学philology 13.传统语法traditional grammar 14.历史比较语言学historical comparative linguistics 15.转换生成语法transformational generative grammar 16.结构主义语言学structural linguistics 17.应用语言学applied linguistic 18.方言dialect 19.语言教学language teaching 20.语言规划language planning 21.语言政策language policy 22.语言学习策略language learning strategy 23.发现程序discovery procedure 24.语境context；language environment 25.中介语interlanguage 26.音位phoneme 27.音节syllable 28.语素morpheme 29.词法morphology 30.句法syntax 31.交际法communicative approach 32.认知cognition 33.习得acquisition 34.第二语言second language 35.第二语言习得second language acquisition （SLA） 36.自由语素free morpheme 37.黏着语素bound morpheme 38.复合词compound word 39.普遍语法universal grammar，UG 40.词类part of speech
词汇学
lexicology 题型： 1.填空（30*1=30） 2.解释（10*1=10） 3.主观题（2*10=20） 4.分析词汇学现象（10） 5.翻译（15*2=30） 考点： Chapter 2 Language proper 1.Genetic classification p15: English belongs to the Low West Germanic branch of the Indo-European family. 2.Structural classification: synthetic language & analytic language p22 A synthetic language is one which shows the relation of words in a sentence largely by means of inflections(变音，转调). An analytic language is one which indicates the relation of words in a sentence by means of word order, prepositions or auxiliary verbs, rather than by inflections. Old English (OE 450-1100)synthetic language The history of English begins with the conquest and settlement of what is now England by the Angles, Saxons and the Jutes from about 450 AD. Characteristics of Old English: 1)They had complex inflectional systems for nouns, pronouns, articles, verbs, and adverbs. 2)They had great flexibility in sentence word order made possible by the extensive sets of inflections. Middle English (ME 1100-1500) The transitional period from Old English to Modern English is know as Middle English (ME 1100-1500), which is characterized by the strong influence of French following the Norman Conquest in 1066. Middle English developed rapidly toward becoming an analytic language. Modern English analytic language The English language from 1500 to the present is called Modern English. Characteristics of Modern English 1)Great Vowel Shift ※ 2)Inflections continued to disappear, making Modern English an analytic language. 3)The word order of English sentences became more and more firmly fixed.
应有语言学术语翻译整理
First Language Acquisition Second Language Acquisition Individual Variations Cognitive Variables strategies of learning styles of learning Affective Variables Attitude Motivation Personality Sociocultural Variables Contrastive Analysis Error Analysis interdisciplinary perspectives acquisition learning applied linguistics intensive courses oral-aural method teaching of English as a foreign language structuralism sociolinguistics psycholinguistics artificial intelligence bilingualism and multilingualism cognition and psycholinguistics computational linguistics corpus linguistics cultural anthropology cultural anthropology and ethnolinguistics discourse analysis educational technology intercultural communication language and ecology language and media language for specific purpose language planning language policy language testing and evaluation lexicography linguistic theories literature,rhetoric and stylistics literacy minority language and cultures 母语习得 二语习得 个体差异 认知变量 学习策略 学习风格 情感变量 态度 动机 性格 社会文化变量 对比分析 错误分析 跨学科视角 习得 学得 应用语言学 强化课 听说教学法 英语作为外语的教学（TEFL）结构主义 社会语言学 心理语言学 人工智能 双语现象和多语现象 认知与心理 计算语言学 语料库语言学 文化人类学 文化语言学与人种语言学 话语分析 教育技术 跨文化交际 语言和生态 语言与媒介 专门用途语言 语言规划 语言政策 语言测试与评估 词典学 语言理论 文学、修辞和文体论 读写能力 少数民族语言和文化