国际结算翻译

Important Principles Regarding the Role of Banks

It is important to note that documentary collection procedures are not infallible. Things can and do go wrong. Since banks act as intermediaries between buyers and sellers, both look to the banks as protectors of their interests. However, while banks have clear cut responsibilities, they are also shielded from certain problems deemed to be out of their control or responsibility. Several instances:

1.Banks act upon specific instructions given by the

principal (seller) in the collection order. Seller’s instructions left out of the collection order by mistake or omitted because “we’ve always done it that way” don’t count. The principal, therefore, should take great care in preparing the collection order so that it gives complete and clear instructions.

2.Banks are required to act in good faith and exercise

reasonable care to verify that the documents submitted APPEAR to be as listed in the collection order. They are, however, under no obligation to confirm the authenticity of the documents submitted.

3.Banks are not liable nor can they be held accountable for

the acts of third parties. Third parties include freight forwarders, forwarding agents, customs authorities, delays or consequences resulting from Acts of God (floods, earthquakes, etc.), riots wars, civil commotions, strikes, lockouts, or other causes beyond their control.

4.Banks also assume no liability or responsibility for loss

arising out of delays or loss in transit of messages, letters, documents, etc.

5.Banks assume no responsibility regarding the quantity or

quality of goods shipped. They are only concerned that documents presented appear on their face to be consistent with the instructions in the collection order. Any dispute as to quality or quantity of goods delivered must be settled between the buyer and the seller.

6.Without explicit instructions, the collecting bank takes no

steps to store or insure the goods. This, of course, can be a problem for both the seller and the buyers. If the seller has not received payment he still has ownership and an insurable interest in the goods.

7.If a collection remains unpaid or a bill of exchange is not

accepted and the collecting bank receives no new instructions within 90 days, it may return the documents to the bank from which it received the collection order.

关于银行作用的重要原则

有一点十分值得注意:即跟单托收的程序并不可靠。有时，事情可能并且确实会出错。在信用证业务中由于银行充当了买卖双方的中介，所以两方都期望银行作他们的利益保护者。然而，即使银行有明确的职责，对于那些被视为不在银行控制之内或银行责任所不及的问题，银行也是免责的。例如下述几种情况:

1.银行按照委托人(卖方)在托收命令中给出的具体指示行事。对于那些因为卖方的失误而没有在托收命令中加注的指示或者那些因为卖方认为“我们一贯如此操作”而在托收委托书省略了的指示银行概不负责。因此，原则上卖方应该下功夫细心准备托收委托书以确保提交给银行的托收申请书上的指示完整而清楚。

2.银行被要求应有诚信并足够认真的核实提交来的单据在提交的单据已在托收委托书列表中。当然银行不负责辨明提交来的文件的真伪。

3.银行并不可靠因为他们对第三方的行为不负责。第三方一般包括运输行、海关当局、保险公司和其他银行。特别是，银行对于不可抗力（洪水、地震等天灾)、暴乱、战争、叛乱、罢工，工厂关闭或其他银行自身无法控制的原因引致的延迟或一切后果不承担义务和责任。

4.银行对于信息、信件、单据等在传递过程中发生的延迟或遗失也不承担义务和责任。

5.银行对所装货物的品质和数量不承担责任。他们唯独关心的就是提交给他们的单据表面看来和托收委托书的指示要相一致，有关所运货物的品质和数量的任何争议，应该由买卖双方解决。

6.如果没有明确的指示，托收行不会采取任何措施来存储货物或为货物投保。当然，这对买卖双方都是一个问题。如果卖方没有收到货款，卖方仍然有货物所有权和货物的可保利益。

7.如果一个托收仍未缴付或汇票被拒，而托收行在90天内收到没有新的指令，它可能会将单据返还到接收委托申请书的银行。