Materials电子教案unit5
satisfactorily completing a given task. Planning aims at producing an efficient use of equipment, materials, and labor, and ensuring coordinated effort.
3.The construction management phase
Definition: Construction management (CM) entails the planning, scheduling, evaluation, and controlling of construction tasks or activities to accomplish specific objectives by effectively allocating and utilizing appropriate labor, material, and time resources in a manner that minimizes costs and maximizes customer/owner satisfaction.
Features: Fig5.1 illustrates what all clients from a construction company: a project completed on time, within budget, and to the required technical performance and quality standards.
The three primary objectives are all interrelated. For example, time is usually related to costs. Project owners sometimes have to decide whether or not more emphasis should be given to one of the objectives, perhaps at the expense of the other two.
Participants: there are many project participants in a project, such as owners,
仁爱英语七年级下册unit 5 topic 3 基础训练(含答案)教学文案
Unit 5 Topic 3 周末作业一、Words ['wenzdi] ['m?nd?] ['tju?zdi] ['θ??zdi] ['fra?di] ['f?z?ks] [d????gr?fi] [ɑ?t] ['h?stri] [m?θ] [ba???l?d?i] [?p?l?t?ks] ['sa??ns] ['mi?t??] ['i?zi] ['?nt?r?st??] ['d?f?k?lt] [l??n] [hw?t?] ['s?bd??kt] [best] ['st?di] ['a?td??] [?k't?v?ti] [??ten?(?)n] [b?'twi?n] [st?mp] ['s?t?di] [na?t] [sa?nd] ['febr??ri] [hɑ?d] [le?t] n．星期三 n．星期一 n．星期二 n．星期四 n．星期五 n．物理（学） n．地理（学） n．体育．（physical educatin的缩写) n．美术，艺术 n.历史 n.数学=mathematics n．生物（学） n．政治 n．科学 n．会议；会面 adj．容易的 adj．有趣的 adj．难的 v.学习，学会det&pron．哪一个；哪一些 n．学科；主题 adv．& adj．最好地（的） （good和well的最高级） v.学习；研究n.书房 adj．户外的；室外的 n．活动 n．注意 prep．在（两者）之间； n．邮票v.跺脚 n．星期六 从…到… n．夜间 n.声音v.听起来好像 n．(Feb．)二月 adj．努力的；困难的adv．艰难地；努力地adv.晚，迟adj.迟（的），晚（的） 二、写出下列短语 上一节音乐课结束下一节课 谈论在那一天每一个工作日每逢星期二在星期三上午 你觉得…怎么样？＝ 该是做…的时候了学习；了解
Unit5电子教案牛海燕
Unit5电子教案牛海燕
Unit5 Theme parks 【温馨寄语】If you don’t learn to think when you are young, you may never learn. 如果年轻 时就没有学会思考，那么就永 远学不会思考。 【学习目标】 （1）语言知识目标是：明确主题公园的概念，了解世界著名的主题公园，掌握娱乐项目及有关主题公园的词汇（文章中黑体部分） (2) 能力目标：是在围绕主题公园的话题,在连贯的听读说中训练学的逻辑思维能力和快速反应能力 (3) 德育目标：引导学生了解主题公园及其他相关户外活动，理解其主题内涵；激发学生热爱生活，积极进取，合作创新。【学习重、难点】 本节课的重点是让学生理解主题公园的概
念以及世界著名的主题公园 话题: Talking about theme parks. 语言: amuse, amusement , variety, various, shuttles, charge, admission, profit , sourvenir, brand, sneaker, come to life, minority, fantasy, get close to 难点理解是主题公园是娱乐，又不仅仅是娱乐。 【教学过程】 本课通过Lead-in 、Skimming 、Scanning 、Discussion、Summary 五步骤培养学生的分析和概括能力。Teaching procedures The First and Second Periods Warming up , Pre-reading and Reading Step 1 Lead-in
高中英语必修二unit5 music说课稿
高中英语必修二unit5 music说课稿
高中英语必修二unit5 music说课稿 各位老师：大家好！ 作为一名新课标下的英语老师，让学生愉快地、充满自信地走进我的英语课堂，是我最大的愿望，让学生在我的英语课堂上享受快乐和成功是我孜孜以求的。多年来，我为实现自己的梦想和追求不懈地努力着。今天，借此平台，希望各位老师指导我的说课，是我更加自信的完成老师的使命。 一、说教材内容和学情 我说课的内容选自人教版普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修二第五单元。本单元的话题是Music，它是中学生日常生活中比较感兴趣的话题之一。它中心话题是“音乐”和“音乐类型”，单元的各项活动的设计都是围绕着以音乐类型和不同音乐对人的影响展开的。而对于音乐和音乐家，这种学生感兴趣的话题、与切身相关的情节，很容易就会引起学生们的极大兴趣，因此他们学习的参与性和积极性也会较高。在引导学生阅读前，让学生对不同种类的音乐的英文说法加以熟悉和理解，开阔的学生的视野。而在阅读后，结合现在学生中普遍存在的“选秀热”这一热点问题，引发学生的反思。 我的教学对象是高一学生。高中生思想逐渐成熟，对美的追求和对成功的渴望也越来越强烈，因此课堂中除了关注语言知识学习和语言技能训练外,更应该注重其内心的理解和个人对事物的看法。 二、三维教学目标 根据《新课程标准》关于总目标的具体描述，结合高一学生实际，我把教学目标设定为以下几个方面： （一）知识目标和能力目标 学习一些相关的单词、短语和句式,特别是关于音乐种类的词汇和表达对音乐感受的词。比如：动词prefer,feel,enjoy,appreciate,find.calm,形容词 relaxed,sleepy,cheerful,energetic,lively。能用英语表达建议、偏好和爱好。 学生熟悉掌握不同的音乐类型。学会灵活运用课文中的句式，自如的表达自己对音乐的理解和感受，并且从更深一层上去把握不同音乐所表达的不同意义。 （二）情感态度 1.熟悉各种音乐形式，了解音乐在人们生活中的重要性，提高音乐修养 2.从谈论“音乐人的成功”入手使学生了解到做什么事都需要付出艰辛的努力。所谓“台上一分钟，台下十年功”，深化学生的德育教育，进一步激发学生学习的动力。 3.通过开展小组活动，指导学生积极与人合作，相互学习，相互帮助，培养其团队精神。（三）学习策略 学生在一定程度上形成自主学习，利用所教句型和所学知识积极与同学进行真实交流，提高交际策略，培养学生的英语思维表达能力。 三、说教学目标和教学重难点 这一课的重点有两点： 1.新课标要求在语言教学的同时必须能够深化学生的德育教育。因此，如何调动学生的积极性，使学生理解成功来之不易本课的重点之一。在教学过程中教师利用多媒体视频介绍音乐人经过多年的准备和磨练终于取的成功的例子启发学生思考自己的人生：要想拥有美好的人
高中英语人教版必修二unit5知识点 习题+详解
Unit 5 Music 1. Have you ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert … … dream of sth. / doing sth. 梦想做某事 dream of a better future 梦想一个美好的未来 go like a dream 容易的，完美的 E.g. When she was young, she dreamed of being a doctor in the future. 2.Do you sing karaoke and pretend you are a famous singer like Song Zuying or Liu Huan? pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 pretend to be doing sth. 假装正在做某事 pretend to have done sth. 假装已经做了某事 E.g. I pretend to give him the cold shoulder (冷落) 我故意假装冷落他。 He pretended to be reading an important when the boss entered. 3. To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous. Ⅰ. be honest with sb. 对某人说实话，对…诚实 to be honest= honestly speaking = honestly说实在,实话说 quite honest about it (插入语)老实说 E.g. I shall be quite honest with you. 我会跟你说实话的. to make a long sentence short 长话短说 to tell (you) the truth 说实话 to begin with to make matters worse Ⅱ.attach… to… 认为…有(重要性,意义等); 附上,连接,贴上 E.g. I attached great importance to this research. 我认为这项研究十分重要. She attached a stamp to the envelop. 她在信封上贴上一枚邮票. attach A to B A附属于B the High school attached to Zhejiang University 浙大附中 help with non conation attached 无附加条件的帮助 4. But just how do people form a band? A) n. in the form of… 以……形式 in good/fine/great form 状态很好 fill in the form 填表格 B) vt. & vi. form into 组成,排成 form a habit of 养成…的习惯 5. Sometimes they may play to passers-by in the street or subway … … 复合名词变复数规则: A) 将主体名词即中心词变复数 passer-by→passers-by 路人 looker-on → lookers-on 旁观者 son-in-law → sons-in-law 女婿 editor-in-chief → editors-in-chief 主编 good-for-nothing → goods-for-nothing 无用之人 B) 若无主体名词,则只在最后一个词加复数词尾 go-between → go-betweens 中间人 grown-up → grown-ups 成年人
book 2 unit 5基础训练
10月31日高三英语课时作业（book 2 unit 5) 考号：姓名：班级： (一)基础单词(根据汉语提示写单词，注意正确形式) 1．The book will tell you how to ____________________(连接) a printer to your computer. 2．At the age of thirty, Samuel became a professional astronomer and _____________(获得) an international reputation. 3．He can play the piano, violin and several other __________________(乐器) 4．Who will take over the company is a very ________________(敏感的) issue. 5．Being a native of the city, he is ___________________(熟悉的) with all the streets here. 6．The baby is not really crying. She is only ________________(假装)． 7．Her ______________(投入) to the job left her with very little free time. 8．She expressed her feelings in the ________________________(形式) of poetry. 9．The Asian Games will be _________________________(广播) live on TV. (二)重点单词 A：根据提示，写出下列单词的适当形式 10．____________________vt.& vi.表演；履行；执行 →____________________ n．表演；演奏→_____________________ n．表演者 11.___________________ _adj.幽默的；诙谐的→__________________n．幽默；幽默感 12．___________________adj.吸引人的；有吸引力的→_____________vt.吸引； 引起→_________________n．吸引；吸引力 13._____________________adj.痛苦的；疼痛的→___________________n．痛苦 B：一言辨异(根据语境，用所给词的适当形式填空) 14．They _____________ him to their party, and he accepted their ___________gladly.(invitation) 15．I am fully ____________of his success, for his hard-working and ______________convince me.(confident) 16.After a _______________ pause, he began to end up the meeting ________with few words.(brief) (一)根据汉语提示写出短语 1．____________________梦见；梦想；设想 2．____________________说实在地；实话说 3．____________________认为有(重要性、意义)；附上；连接 4．____________________用现金；有现钱 5．____________________戏弄 6．____________________依赖；依靠 7．____________________大约 8．____________________打碎；分裂；解体 9．____________________另外；也 10．___________________分类11．___________________最重要；首先 12．___________________熟悉；与……熟悉起来 (二)选用以上短语填空(其中有两个多余选项) 1．I'll give you 10 minutes __________to go over the text again before answering my questions. 2．Little did I ______________one day entering a university at that time. 3．______________, this tie is a little too colorful. I don't think it suits your boyfriend. 4．We __________great importance ________education and encourage constant learning and thinking. 5．“There is no future between us, so I want to_____________，”said the girl to her boyfriend. 6．Children need many things, but _____________they need love from their parents. 7．Economic development should ____________both domestic and foreign markets. 8．It is not difficult to ___________the materials as long as time permits. 9．The famous actress takes various exercises. ________________ , she is on a diet. 10．Usually it takes time for anyone to _____________a new place. 根据提示，利用本课所学知识，完成下面的小作文。 他依靠(rely on)信心和毅力(persistence)三十年如一日的练习唱歌，最重要的(above all)是他的歌声深受群众的喜爱。他十分看重(attach importance to)人们给予他的帮助，他认为没有(without which)这些帮助，他就不可能(can't)取得这么大的进步。他曾许诺他和歌迷的联系永远不分开(break up)。 词数：60词左右
新人教版高一英语必修二unit1教案
The First Period (Warming up, one class) Teaching Aims: 1. To learn the knowledge of the cultural relics. 2. Discuss how to protect our cultural relics. 3. To learn the following words or phrases: Teaching Design Step One: Presentation (By showing them some photos of some famous cultural relics.) Hello, everybody, let’s look at the screen. Here are some pictures. They are all very famous places in China or in the world. Please think these over: A.Can you name them out? B.Who have the right to own and confirm them? (The shown pictures:①The Great Wall, ②The Imperial Palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing and Shenyang; ③The Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor and the Terracotta Warriors) Let the students name out the famous places in the pictures, and tell them they are cultural relic s. And explain what cultural relics are. A. a cultural relic is sth. that survive d for a long time B. a cultural relic may be a part of old thing has remain ed when the rest of it had been destroyed C.or a cultural relic is something rather rare （while showing these photos, teach the new words in red: cultural relics, survive, remain, rare） 1. Get the students understand the identity of the cultural relics. 2. Let the students try to know that they are at least two sites of cultural relics, the natural site; and the cultural site. ( By showing the pictures of some natural sites relics. Eg: Mount Huashan, The JiuZhaiGou Valley, River Li ) Step Two: Drills Let the students make some more examples of cultural relics, including the ones inside our country or in other countries, especially the ones in our location. Here are some possible answers from the students: (The Neiguan Cave(内莞岩); The Xinfengjiang River(新丰江); Heyuan Dinosaur Park(河源恐龙公园); Y uanmingyuan(圆明园), etc.) (The Sydney Opera; The White House; The Big Ben; The Amber Room, etc.) Step Three: Discussing 1 As we all know that cultural relics are rather valuable, rare, and sometimes, it is in very high price. 1. Then can you tell the value of the cultural relic? (Have the students discussed for some time in teams, then get their answers by expressing in class.)
必修(一)Unit 5基础训练英语试题
谷城三中高一英语必修（一）Unit 5基础训练 一、单词拼写 1．Jack is often told by his parents to be friendly to anybody even if he is ________(抨击)．2．Different people have different ________(看法)about open education. 3．If you are interested in buying coloured business cards of high __________(质量)at a reasonable price, you need to use the Internet. 4．We should give all children ________ (平等)opportunities to develop their special talents. 5．Children should learn and obey the ________(原则)of the school first. 6．The People's Republic of China was ________(成立)in 1949. 7．In the end the soldiers succeeded in ________(逃跑) from prison and ran away. 8．I promise that you will be ______(报答)for providing useful information about the missing child. 9．I think Rose will become a good monitor, so I'd like to ________(投票)for her. 10．Girls should have the right to be ________(教育)at school as boys do. 11．There is an ________(相等的) number of boys and girls in the class. 12．There were 16 ________(票) in favor of my suggestion, and 15 against. 13．This is her first time to perform on the________(舞台)． 14．He had been a talented artist in his ________(青年时期)． 15．There is too much ________(暴力)on TV, which may have a bad effect on children. 16．I'm ________(乐意)to do anything for you. 17．Under the teacher's ________(指导), he can speak some English soon. 18．The man ________(攻击) her with a knife. 19．We aim at ________(质量) rather than quantity. 20．They struggled in their desperate attempts ________ but missed the exit and started heading in the wrong direction. 21．We hope that you will give ________(意见) and suggestions about our work. 22．He managed to ________(逃脱) from the big fire into the street. 23．London is full of homeless people ________(乞讨) in the streets. 24．It is always better to share your worries and troubles with your friends or ________(亲戚)．25．I can't stand some people's ________(残忍) to animals. 26. He was ________(判决) to three years in prison. 27. He gave the children some chocolate to ________(奖赏) them for behaving well. 28. In general，children of ________(受教育的) parents usually get better grades. 29. Make sure the ________(电源) is turned off first before you leave the lab. 30. Mandela was already in his seventies when he became ________(总统)． 二、在下列句子的空白处填入一个适当的词或用所给词的适当形式填空 1.Although he is quite old, he leads an _____ life. His _____ include tennis and painting. (active) 2.Everyone hopes to be treated ________ because ________ is the basic demand. (equal) 3.After retiring from the basketball field, Yao Ming decided to get further ________ (educate) in Shanghai Jiao Tong University. 4.Some people choose not to eat meat because they believe that it is _____ (cruelty) to eat animals. 5.He offered ________ (guide) to us. 6.________ (hopeful), I'll be able to stay at home for three weeks this time. 7.It's ________ (legal) to drive a car without a driver's license. 8.He was ________ (devote) to his career. 9.It's ________ (fair) to treat women badly. 10.Tom is a ________ (self) boy, who always thinks of others. 11．He never ________ heart when he was in trouble. 12．It was a prison from ________ no one could escape. 13．The owner of the garden allowed us ______ (enter) the garden. 14．My mother devoted most of her time to ________ (care) for my sick father. 15．As ________ matter of fact, he was ________ lawyer. 16．Tom was out ________ work at that time. 17．He often turned ________ his neighbour for help. 18．Free ________ worry, the woman lived a peaceful life. 19．He was the first man ________ (explore) the outer space. 20．I'm worried about ________ I can be admitted to the university. 21．Things might get better, but it doesn't look very ________ (hope) right now. 22．_______ (self) people must learn to share so as to make themselves become _______ (self)．23．They have an ________ (activity) holiday, sailing and swimming. 24．It's so ________ (fair)—Mary gets more money for less work. 25．The money was divided ________ (equal) among her four children. 26．________ (devote) to their work, most of the parents spend little time with their children. 27．I'm worried ________ her driving the car tonight on the wet road. 28．The soldiers were fighting bravely ________ their people ________ the enemy. 29. When he was out ________work, he was involved in crimes of violence and was put ________ prison at last. 30．Only by practicing a few hours every day ________ you be able to master English. 31．We live in an age________more information is available with greater ease than ever before. 32．Most of the students in our class are________(will) to spend their money and time on books and other useful things. 33．Some of the films are full of________(violent)，which is not good for young kids. 34．We’re just trying to reach a point ________ both sides will sit down together and talk. 35．Every time I________(see) the old man in the park，he is absorbed in reading papers. 36．When the sports hero turned________at our party，he was welcomed with open arms. 37．It’s important to learn to take a positive attitude_______life when you are _____trouble. 38．Tsinghua University，________(found) in 1911，is one of the best universities in China. 39．Under our teacher’s careful ________ (guide)，we finished our homework in advance. 40．People who are well ________ (educate) will be respected by everyone. 课文缩写语法填空（一）根据课文内容，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Elias was a poor black worker in South Africa. The time __1__ he first met Nelson Mandela was a difficult period of his life. He was twelves years old at that time. Mandela was a black lawyear to __2__ he went for advice. Mandela offered __3__ (guide) to poor black people on their __4__ (illegal) problems. Elias needed Mandela's help __5__ he had little education. The school __6__ he studied for only two years was three kilometres away. He had to drop out of school because his family couldn't pay the school fees or the bus __7__. He couldn't read or write well. After trying hard, he got a job in a gold mine. __8__，he didn't have a passbook to live in Johannesbug and he worried about __9__ he would become out __10__ work. 课文缩写语法填空（二）根据课文内容，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 When Elias, a poor black worker in South Africa, first met Nelson Mandela, he was in a very
人教版高中英语必修二unit5-music-warming-up-and-reading教案
1. 利用多媒体课件，展示图片，播放音乐，小组赛等形式最大限度地吸引学生的注意力，使学生对学习产生浓厚的学习兴趣。 2.教学环节层次清楚，衔接自然，环环相扣。The Band That Wasn’t是一篇以介绍美国知名乐队组合The Monkees的发展历程为主的文章。教学设计分成四个部分：热身—阅读前—阅读中—阅读后。热身部分学生通过听音乐、口头交流、看图片及游戏等多种形式来了解音乐的形式和风格，由组合SHE的歌曲Super Star导入阅读教学。阅读前呈现The Monkees组合的信息和欣赏其代表作品及学生谈自己对该乐队的初步认识这三个活动组成，为阅读提供背景知识。阅读过程主要通过快速阅读和仔细阅读完成阅读任务来达到阅读教学目标。然后完成课文内容填空，回顾The Monkees发展历程。阅读后展开讨论，引导学生总结本节课所学并谈自己的感受和想法，并复述课文和写一篇自己喜欢歌手和乐队的内容教学设计以阅读理解能力的提高为主要目标，兼顾听、说、写的训练。 3. 采用了新课标提倡的任务型教学途径。在教学设计中设计了多项学习任务，如；跟学英文儿歌谈感受，看图和听音乐配对音乐的形式，读文找主题句，查找细节信息，完成内容填空等，促使学生在整个教学过程中参与各种活动，自主探究，合作学习，真正获得学习成功的乐趣。 教学反思 这堂课基本做到了把课堂让给学生，让学生在自主、合作、探究的气氛中愉快度过，既顺利完成教学任务，又促进其情感教育。这堂课的完成使我感到欣慰，值得我深思。 首先，良好的导入是整个课堂成功的一半，它能够紧紧抓住学生的心理和兴趣，使课堂教学更具趣味性和艺术性。总体来说，这节课的导入是比较成功的，切入点是让学生欣赏音乐，激发了学生的学习兴趣。这不由得让我想起一句话“教有趣，必乐学”。学习兴趣的形成有利于激发学生的学习动机，促进学生智能的发展。 其次，教学内容设计符合本班学生的实际情况，难度适中，尽量满足不同类型和不同层次学生的要求。在任务的设置中应充分考虑学生是否能够完成。本堂课的细节理解部分难度合适，大多数学生都能顺利完成。 再次，只有师生处于平等地位，学生的主体性才能得到发挥；只有使课堂交际化，师生才能融合在智力与情感的交际过程中。在整个教学过程中，我始终坚持以学生为主体实施教学，创设了多种形式的交际活动。 但是，本堂课也还存在一些不足，需要加以改进： 1、由于本堂课任务多，容量大，导致完成任务时间较紧，今后应注意教学步骤间的紧密衔接，充分体现教师主导、学生主体作用。 2、在实现一个个任务的过程中，老师应该对学生加以引导，包括必要的简单示范，帮助学生完成学习任务。
人教版高中英语必修二Unit+5+Music语法教案
Unit 5 Music Grammar ★Teaching Aims: 1.To help students learn about the Attributive Clause with a preposition in front. 2.To help students discover and learn to use some useful structures. 3．Make sure the students can use the Attributive Clause with a preposition in front freely. ★Difficult and Important Points: Master the usage of the Attributive Clause with a preposition in front. ★Teaching Methods: Inquires into the study method and Independent study method ★Procedures Step 1. Warming up ( 3 minutes) Underline the attributive clauses in the text that contain prep. + whom/which. Check your answers against your classmates’. Step 2. Learning about grammar (35 minutes) 1.Reading and thinking ( 8 minutes ) Summary the usage of attributive clauses with a preposition ahead of the relative pronoun shown in the sentences. 介词+which/whom引导的定语从句用于正式场合。在这一结构中，关系代词which/whom做介词的宾语。 (1)当先行词是人时，用介词+whom引导定语从句，如：They may start as a group of high-school students, for whom practising their music in someone’s house is the first step to fame. (2)当先行词是物时，用介词+which引导定语从句，而且只能加which，不能加that，例如：They produced a new record in 1996, with which they celebrated their former time as a real band.
高中英语必修二unit5-music-阅读教案
高中英语必修二unit5-music-阅读教案
《人教版高中英语必修2》Unit5第一课时教学案例 教 学 课 题 Unit5 Music—Reading 课 程 类 型 Reading授课对象Senior One 教材New Senior English For China Student’s Book2 授课时间45 minutes 教材分析The topic of this uint is “Music” Warming Up通过直观形象的图片展示了为大众所熟悉的多种音乐形式，包括摇滚、爵士、乡村音乐、民族音乐等，能使学生对音乐的丰富内容有较为广泛的认识。 Reading主要从大众对歌手和乐队的心理到介绍The Monkees乐队的一些情况，如他们如何组合成乐队，他们有名之后的发展。课文后配有相应的练习
题，可以帮助学生从整体和细节两方面充分地理解课文。 学情分析 教学对象为高中一年级学生，智力发展趋于成熟。他们的认知能力比初中阶段有了进一步的发展，渐渐形成用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力。他们学习比较认真，求知欲旺盛，思维比较活跃，同时表现欲也很强。部分学生的基础较好，能主动配合老师，愿意开口讲。他们有着高中生独立、爱表现，张扬个性的特点。因此，设置他们感兴趣的活动，就能让他们投入到课堂活动中来。 教学目标（一）、Knowledge and Skills 1．Know and Master the key words and phrases； 2．Enable the students to sum up the main idea of each paragraph； 3．Learn the different music styles； 4. Train the students’ reading ability. 5. Express their opinion by answering the questions. （二）、Moral Objects 熟悉各种音乐形式，了解音乐在人们生活中的