中考英语阅读理解之记叙文解题技巧大揭秘
中考英语阅读理解之记叙文真题解题大揭秘
一、材料特点
人物故事类的阅读理解是中考英语的常考材料之一。这类文章一般可分为人物传记和短篇故事两类。
1. 人物传记主要涉及某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，脉络清楚，可读性较强。
2. 短篇故事与人物传记不同的是，这类文章一般描述的是某一件具体事情的发生发展或结局，有人物、时间、地点和事件。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的态度及意图、故事前因和后果的推测等方面着手，考查考生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。
二、解题技巧
1. 阅读人物传记类文章时应该抓住时间线索来获取有关信息，即主人翁在某个时间做过什么，然后通过分析推理、综合归纳的方法进行解题。
2. 阅读短篇故事类材料时，同学们一定要根据主要情节掌握文章主旨大意，同时抓住每一个细节，设身处地地根据文章内容揣摩作者的态度和意图，根据情节展开想象，这样的话即使是深层理解题也可迎刃而解。
A（2018年浙江宁波市中考）
I graduated from college recently and moved to Washington by myself. While I was in college, it was really easy to meet new people. But "out in the real world", I was finding it really hard. I live in a big city, and it seems like everyone around me is busy or already has all the friends they want. I was feeling so discouraged(沮丧的）and I didn’t know what to do, so I called my sister for some advice.
My sister is five years older than I am, so she’s been through all this already. She’s been helping me with my problems all my life. When I explained my problem, she understood completely. She said, "Why don’t you try meeting people online?"
"Online? Are you kidding?" I asked. "A friend of mine chatted with a guy online, and when she finally met him face to face, he was nothing like what he said."
My sister laughed. "You don’t have to look for dates online," she said. "But you can find other people like you—people who have just moved to town and want to make some new friends. When I first moved to New York after college, I found a book club and a football team online. I met a lot of people that way."
"But you don’t even like football!" I said.
"I know," she replied. "But that didn’t matter. I still bad a lot of fun. You played volleyball in college. Why don’t you look for a volleyball team to join? Or an art class?"
"Yeah! I saw a website about volunteering the other day." I said. "I could volunteer for an organization here in Washington. I bet I could meet a lot of really nice people that way."
"Good idea!" my sister answered excitedly. "Hey, you might even meet the perfect guy."
"OK, now you’re starting to sound like Mom," I said. "Thanks a lot for the advice. I’m going online rig ht now. I’ll let you know what happens. Will you be home tonight?"
"No, but I’ll be here all day tomorrow, so give me a call," my sister replied. "Good luck!"
19. What was the writer’s problem?
A. She was cheated by her friend online.
B. She was refused by a volleyball team.
C. She couldn’t meet people in her new city.
D. She felt discouraged in her college.
20. The writer’s sister______.
A. lives in the same city as the writer
B. doesn’t have any advice for the writer
C. had the same problem when she finished college
D. didn’t go to college, but understands the writer’s problem
21. The writer is probably going to______.
A. become a member of a football team
B. look for dates online
C. join a book club like her sister did
D. volunteer for an organization
22. What’s the best title for this passage?
A. Looking for Fun Online
B. Volunteering in a New City
C. Chatting with Friends Online
D. Making Friends in a New City
【查看答案】
【文章大意】这篇文章讲了“我”毕业后的一个实际问题——无法在新城市结识朋友，“我”向姐姐求助，姐姐为我提出了十分实用可行的建议。
19. C
【解析】
句意：作者的问题是什么？A. 她在网上被她的朋友骗了。B. 她被排球队拒绝了。C. 她无法在新的城市遇见他人。D. 她在大学时感到气馁。原文“But "out in the real world", I was finding it really hard.”（但“在现实世界中”，我发现它很难。），这里的“it”指“meet new people”，遇见新的人，这是作者的问题所在。故选C。
20. C
【解析】
句意：这位作家的姐姐大学毕业时也遇到同样的问题。文章中很大篇幅都在讲姐姐给我的建议，原文“When I first moved to New York after college”说明姐姐上过大学，选项D不正确。原文“so she’s been through all this already.”和“she understood completely”说明姐姐也经过这些，十分理解，故选C。
21. D
【解析】
句意：作家可能会去为一个组织提供志愿服务。A. 成为一个足球队的成员B. 在网上寻找约会C. 像她姐姐一样加入一家书店D. 为一个组织提供志愿服务。原文“I could volunteer for an organization here in Washington.”（我可以在华盛顿为这里的一个组织做志愿者。），故选D。
22. D
【解析】
句意：这篇文章最佳标题是什么？A. 在网上寻找乐趣B. 在新城市进行志愿服务C. 在线与朋友聊天D. 在新城市中交朋友。这篇文章始于“我”的困惑（在新城市里谁也不认识），姐姐为“我”提出了建议，建议我参加俱乐部或者集体组织，找到有共同爱好的人，就能有新朋友了。所以文章的最佳标题就是“在新城市中交朋友”。故选D。
B
（2017﹒山东泰安）Once a very rich man and his son collected valuable paintings by famous artists like Picasso, Van Gogh and Monet.
Later, the son left to join the army. After a few weeks, the old man received a letter saying his son had died while taking another soldier to a hospital. The old man became very lonely and sad.
One day, a soldier visited the old man and gave him a painting—it was a portrait（肖像）of his son. The painting of his son became the old man’s most valuable item. He told his neighbors it was the greatest gift he had ever received. The following spring, the old man died.
All of the old man’s paintings would be sold at an auction（拍卖会）. The auction began with the painting of the old man’s son.
＂Who will open the price at $100?＂the auctioneer asked. Moments passed and no one spoke or raised their hands. Someone said, ＂Who cares about that painting? Let’s get on to the good ones.＂More voices followed in agreement. ＂No, we must sell this one first,＂replied the auctioneer. ＂Now, who will take the portrait of the son?＂
Finally, a good friend of the old man spoke, ＂Ten dollars!＂＂Will anyone go higher?＂called the auctioneer. After more silence he said: ＂Going once… going twice…Sold!＂The auctioneer then announced that the whole auction was over. ＂According to the father’s will, whoever takes the son’s portrait gets the whole collection.＂The auctioneer said.
Because of the father’s love, whoever took the son got it all.
46. How did the old man’s son die?
A. He died of a serious heart disease.
B. He died while taking another soldier to a hospital.
C.A car hit him when he went home.
D. He was killed by a doctor.
47. What was the first painting to be sold at the auction?
A. The paintings by famous artists.
B. The gift given by the old man’s neighbors.
C. The portrait of the old man’s son.
D. The most expensive collection of the old man.
48. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. At the beginning of the auction, everyone realized the importance of the painting of the son.
B. The painting of the old man’s son was as popular as the other paintings.
C. The old man’s will was to give away the whole collection to charity.
D. The old man’s good friend got th e whole collection for only ten dollars.
49. What’s the best title of the passage?
A. Love is Sharing.
B. An Expensive Painting
C. A Hot Auction
D. Caring About the Person You Love
【查看答案】
【文章大意】这篇短文主要介绍了一位父亲喜欢收藏贵重的画，在儿子死后，视儿子的肖像为珍宝。老人去世后，留下遗言无论谁买下儿子的肖像，那么他的收藏就归谁所有。
46. B
【解析】
细节理解题。根据After a few weeks, the old man received a letter saying his son had died while taking another soldier to a hospital.可知他的儿子是在送另一个士兵去医院的时候死的，故选B。
47. C
【解析】
细节理解题。根据The auction began with the painting of the old man’s son.可知老人儿子的肖像最先开始拍卖，故选C。
48. D
【解析】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Finally, a good friend of the old man spoke, ＂Ten dollars!＂及＂According to the father’s will, whoever takes the son’s portrait gets the whole collection.＂
故选D。
49. A
【解析】
标题归纳题。根据这篇短文主要介绍了老人因为对儿子的爱而留下遗言：谁买下儿子的肖像谁就能能获得他所有的分享，对比选项，故选A。
C
（2017﹒内蒙古赤峰）I am Alice. My sister and I spent our last summer holidays with our uncle who is a geologist (地质学家) and loves to collect stones.
One day he bought us two backpacks and asked us to go to the mountain with him. We walked the whole day. Every now and then he put stones in our backpacks. To our surprise, he also took some stones out from them. But we thought he had just found better stones.
When we returned to the house, we were very tired. The backpacks were so heavy that we
felt relief （轻松）when we took them off. Yet our uncle’s backpack was half empty.
＂Why did you give us so many stones?＂we asked.
＂I didn’t. You did.＂he said. ＂You didn’t know it, but I gave you a little attitude(态度) test today. I listened to every word you said. Whenever you were complaining (抱怨) , I added a stone to your backpacks. whenever you talked about something with positive (积极的) thinking, I
took out a stone. And now look at your backpacks.＂
Our backpacks were full of stones.
＂Your negative( 消极的) thoughts are just like stones. You carry them in your mind just like those stones in your backpacks. The more negative thoughts you have, the heavier your mind will be.＂said our uncle.
With great love, our uncle taught us one of the most important lessons it life—the power of the attitude.
26. Alice’s uncle likes to ______.
A. collect coins
B. collect stones
C. collect stamps
D. collect books
27. When Alice’s uncle took out some stones from her b ackpack, she thought ______.
A. she said too many words
B. her uncle had found better stones
C. her uncle wanted her to feel a sense of relief
D. she talked about something with positive thinking
28. Alice’s and her sister’s backpacks were full o f stones because they ______.
A. complained (抱怨) too much on the way
B. were hard working
C. enjoyed collecting stones very much
D. chose wrong backpacks to carry the stones
29. The underlined word ＂them＂refers to ＂______＂in the passage.
A. the stones
B. the backpacks
C. the positive thoughts
D. the negative thoughts
30. The writer wrote this passage to encourage us to ______
A. be pleased to take others’ advice
B. have a positive attitude towards life
C. make a plan before doing something
D. help people in trouble
【查看答案】
【文章大意】这篇短文主要介绍了作者的叔叔在登山时，当作者抱怨时向他的背包中放入石头，当作者有积极的想法时取出石头，使作者认识到消极的思想越多，心理负担就越重。
26. B
【解析】
细节理解题。根据who is a geologist (地质学家) and loves to collect stones.可知作者的叔叔是一个地质学家，并且喜欢收集石头。故选B。
27. B
【解析】
细节理解题。根据To our surprise, he also took some stones out from them. But we thought he had just found better stones.可知他们认为叔叔找到了更好的石头，才从背包中取出一些。故选B。
28. A
【解析】
细节理解题。根据＂I didn’t. You did.＂he said. ＂You didn’t know it, but I gave you a little attitude(态度) test today. I listened to every word you said. Whenever you were complaining (抱怨) , I added a stone to your backpacks. whenever you talked about something with positive (积极的) thinking, I took out a stone. And now look at your backpacks.＂及Our backpacks were full of stones.可知作者抱怨太多，故选A。
29. D
【解析】
细节理解题。根据Your negative( 消极的) thoughts are just like stones. You carry them in your mind just like those stones in your backpacks.你的消极思想就像石头，你在心里携带着它们就像你携带背包里的石头。可知them指代上文中的代表消极思想，故选D。
30. B
【解析】
推理判断题。根据短文最后一段可知作者从此认识到积极态度对生活的重要性。故选B。
D
（2017﹒浙江嘉兴）Kathy could still remember the night she had to leave her home in Hungary. It was the beginning of World War II and her family had to leave their country as soon as possible. She quickly filled a bag with a few pieces of clothing, her diary, and her treasure—a beautiful silk scarf.
Kathy and her best friend, Monica, had asked their parents to buy them matching scarves. They each would wear the scarves as a symbol of their friendship. Kathy had no idea that she was going to America that night and would not be returning.
Kathy kept that special silk scarf for many years. One day she decided to give it to her granddaughter, Eliza, to wear to her first job interview for good luck. Kathy was afraid that Eliza would lose the scarf, but the granddaughter promised, ＂Don’t worry, Grandma, nothing’s going to happen to your scarf. You’ll see. It is going to bring both of us luck today.＂And with that, Eliza kissed her grandmother and left for the interview.
That afternoon Eliza left the interview, feeling sure that she had got the job. So she decided to celebrate by going to a restaurant. As she was sitting at her table, she felt someone looking at her. Sitting next to her was an old woman, who could not take her eyes away from her.
＂I’m sorry, do I know you?＂Eliza asked.
＂I’m sorry, dear, but you make me think of someone I once knew,＂the old woman replied. ＂My best friend looked like you and used to wear a scarf just like the one you’re wearing around your neck.＂ Eliza listened carefully, with her eyes and mouth wide open. She had heard stories of her grandmother’s best friend and knew the meaning of the scarf. Could this be Monica, her grandmother’s childhood friend?
Eliza introduced herself and waited to hear the name of the other woman.
＂My name’s Monica, dear. I lived in Hungary as a child, but my family had to leave when I was fourteen years old. I’ve been living here in California ever since.＂said the old woman.
Eliza could not believe her ears …
42. Kathy and her family left their country because ______.
A. Kathy found a job in the USA
B. Kathy would study in California
C. they had no friends in Europe
D. they wanted to get away from the war
43. From the underlined sentence in Paragraph 6, we can infer(推断) that Eliza felt ______.
A. surprised
B. thankful
C. sorry
D. nervous
44. What would Eliza most probably do after the dinner?
A. She gave the silk scarf to Monica.
B. She went for another job interview.
C. She showed Monica around California.
D. She took Monica to meet her grandmother.
45. The best title for this passage can be ______.
A.A Gift from Parents
B. A Scarf of Luck
C. A Successful Interview
D. A Story in the War
【查看答案】
【文章大意】这篇短文主要介绍了二战时凯西一家为了逃避战乱而离开自己的国家。凯西一直带着象征和好友友谊的围巾，最后因为这条围巾最终和好友团聚。
42. D
【解析】
细节理解题。根据It was the beginning of World War II and her family had to leave their country as soon as possible.可知凯西一家是为了逃离战争而离开，故选D。
43. A
【解析】
细节理解题。根据Eliza listened carefully, with her eyes and mouth wide open.可知Eliza 仔细地听着，嘴巴和眼睛睁得很大。根据Eliza的表情可知她非常吃惊，故选A。
44. D
【解析】
推理判断题。根据短文最后可知Monica就是Eliza奶奶失散多年的好友，根据故事的发展，Eliza会把老人带到那里，使她们相见，故选D。
45. B
【解析】
标题归纳题。根据短文主要围绕一条围巾为线索展开描述，故选B。
模拟题经典演练：
A
（广东省深圳市耀华实验学校2018届九年级上学期期中）In their last moment before the flight took off, I heard a father saying to his daughter, ＂I love you, I wish you enough.＂The daughter said, ＂Daddy, our life together has been more than enough. Your love is all I ever needed. I wish you enough too.＂They kissed goodbye and the daughter left. I could see the father was very sad.
Suddenly the father walked towards me and asked me, ＂Did you ever say goodbye to someone knowing it would be the last time?＂
His words made me think of my father. Realizing th at my father’s days were limited(有限的), I took the time to tell him face to face how much he meant to me. So I understood what this father was experiencing.
＂Yes, I did.＂I answered, ＂But why is this a last goodbye?＂
＂I am old and my daughter lives much too far away. Maybe her next trip back will be for my funeral,＂he said.
＂When you were saying goodbye, I heard you say ‘I wish you enough’. What does that mean?＂
He began to smile. ＂My parents used to say it to me. When we say ‘I wish you enough’, we want the other person to have a life filled with enough good things.＂He stopped for a moment and continued, ＂I wish you enough sun to keep your attitude bright. I wish you enough rain to appreciate the sun more. I wish you enough happiness to keep your spirit alive. I wish you enough pain so that the smallest joys in life seem much bigger… I wish you enough ‘Hellos’ to get you through the final ‘Goodbye’＂.
He then said goodbye to me and walked away.
1. Where did the story happen?
A. In a hospital.
B. At an airport.
C. At a train station.
D. In a park.
2. In the passage, ＂I wish you enough＂means that we wish______.
A. the other person as many good things as possible
B. each other a good life
C. the other person as much sunshine as possible
D. it enough rain
3. Which is NOT mentioned according to the passage?
中考记叙文阅读常见考点及答题技巧
中考记叙文阅读常见考点及答题技巧 一、考点归纳 1、整体感知文章的主要内容，理解文章的中心及主题。 2、理清文章思路，把握文章结构。 3、根据要求提取信息。 4、结合语境理解词语和句子的含义。 5、品味语言，赏析表达技巧。 二、常见题型及答题技巧 （一）内容概括，整体把握。 题型1：请用简洁的语言概括文章叙述了一件什么事。 题型2：请简要概括本文的主要内容。 答题技巧： ①必须包含两个要素：人物＋事情； ②其他要素如：时间（季节、年代）、地点、环境如果有特定意义，也应概括在内。回答清楚（什么时间、什么地点）什么人做什么事格式：（时间＋地点）＋人＋事。 （二）题目理解，把握中心。 ●标题的含义和作用： ①把握象征意义； ②语带双关； ③作者感情的出发点； ④概括文章的主要内容； ⑤文章线索； ⑥文眼；揭示文章中心； ⑦吸引读者、新颖； ⑧题目中运用修辞的，要还原它的本义后再分析作用。 题型1：结合全文，说说题目“XX”的作用。 题型2：题目“XX”的含义是什么？ 题型3：文章以“XX”为题，有哪些好处？ 答题技巧： 1、题目的含义：要从表层义和深层义两方面来谈。 深层义： ①把握象征意义；②语意双关。 2、题目的作用（好处）： ①点明了故事发生的地点；②交代了故事发生的环境；③交代了描写对象；④设置悬念，引起读者阅读兴趣；⑤点明线索；⑥揭示文章主旨。注意：题目中运用修辞的，要还原它的本义后再分析作用。 （三）阅读语段，体会作用。 题型1：第一段在文中起什么作用？ 题型2：第14段中画横线的句子在文章结构上有什么作用？
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