商务英语-术语缩写
A = Acc.
AA = automatic approval
A-1 = a number-one
A. A. R.= against all risks
Abbr. = abbreviation
Abs. = abstract statement
a/c = account
A/C = account current
A.D. =Anno Domini
Ad. = advertisement
a/d = after date
ad val. = ad valorem (=at value)
adv. = advice
AFL-CIO = American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial
Organization
a. m. = ante meridiem
ans. = answer, answered
A/P =⑴additional premium
⑵account paid
⑶authority to purchase
A.R. = all risks
Arr. = arrival, arrived
Assmt. = assignment
Asst. =assistant
Auct. = auction
A/V = average
A/W = actual weight
B/= ①bag ②bale
Bal. = balance
Bank'cy = bankruptcy
B.B. = bill book
B.C. = before Christ
B/D = bank draft
B/E= bill of exchange
b.f. = Bona fide
B/F = brought forward
B.K. = bank
B/L = bill of lading
B/O = bought over
BOFT/MOEA = Board of Foreign Trade,Ministry of Economic Affairs
B/P = bill of payment
B. P. B. = bank post bill
B. R. = bills receivable
Brkge. = brokerage
承诺，承兑汇票
自动承认制
优等品质，一流的
投保全险
省略字，缩写字
摘要说明书
帐户，计算
来往帐
公元，西历
广告
发票后
从价
通知
美国劳工联盟
---
---
上午，午前
回答，已答
追加保费
已付帐
采购授权书
保全险
到达，已到
转让，配给
助理
拍卖
海损，平均
实际重量
①袋②包
余额
破产
支票簿
公元前，西历纪元前
银行汇票
商业汇票，进港报表
善意的
转下页
银行帐薄，篮子
提单
多买
经济部国际贸易局
---
付款支票
银行邮政汇票
B/S = balance sheet
B. V. = book value B. W. = bonded warehouse
应收汇票
经纪人，手续费
借贷对照表，卖货凭单
帐面价格
保税仓库
C/ = case
C/A = capital account
Capt. = captain
Carr. = carriage
Carr.fwd. = carriage forward
Cat. = catalogue
C. B. = cash book
Cert. = ①certificate②certified
cf. = confer
C.F. = cost and freight
C.F.C. = cost, freight and commission
c.f.i. = cost, freight and insurance
CH. = ①clearing house
②custom house
chq. = check, cheque
cif = c. i. L = CIF = cost, insurance and freight cif & c. = cost, insurance, freight and commission cif & i. = cost, insurance, freight and interest
Co. = company
C/N = ①credit note
②circular note
③consignment note
c/o = ①carried over ②care of
C/O = ①cash order
②certificate of origin
C. O.
D. = cash on delivery
Com. = commission
Con. Inv. = consular invoice
Consgt. = consignment
Corp. = corporation
C. O. S. = cash on shipment
C/P = charter party
CTC = Central Trust of China
C. T. L = constructive total loss
CTPC = China Trade & Productivity Center
C. W. O. = cash with order
D/A = (1) documents against acceptance
(2) days after acceptance
D/D = (1) demand draft
箱
资本帐户
船长
客车，输送，运费
运费先付
商品目录
现款出纳薄
①证明书②证明讫
对照
运费在内价
运费及佣金在内价
---
运费及保险费在内价
①票据交换所
②海关
支票
运费及保险费在内价
---
运费保险费及汇费在内价
---
运费保险费及利息在内价
---
公司
①贷项清单
②巡回支票
③寄售通知书
①转下页②请……转交
①现款支票
②原产地证明书
付款交货
手续费，佣金
领事发票
寄售品
公司
付款装运
租船契约
中央信托局
推定全损
中国生产力中心
(2)documentary draft
Dd. = delivered
Deb. = debenture
Dis. = discount
Dishd. = dishonored
Div. = dividend
D/N = debit note
do. = ditto (= the same)
D/O = delivery order
doz. = dozen
D/P = documents against payment
Dr. = (1) debtor (2)doctor
d. r. = deposit receipt
d/s= days'sight
D/W = dock warrant
d. W. = dead weight
E. & O. E. = errors and omissions excepted e. g. = exempli gratia ( = for example)
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付现订购
⑴承兑交单
---
⑵承兑后若干日付款
⑴即期汇票
⑵跟单汇票
已交货
公司债券
折扣
拒绝支付，拒绝承兑红利，股息
借项清单
同上
提货单
一打
付款交单
⑴借方⑵博士
存款收据
见票后，若千日付款
仓库保单
载重量
有错当改
---
例如
---
Encl. = enclosure
Esq. = Esquire
etc. = etcetra (= and so forth)
f.a.=f.a.a.=free of all average
f.a.q. = fair average quality
f.a.q.s. = fair average quality of the season
fav. = favor
F.B.E. = foreign bill of exchange
F.C.S. = F.C.&S. = free of capture and seizure
F/D = ①forward delivery
②free docks
FED/CBC = Foreign Exchange Department Central Bank of China
f.g.a. = free of general average
f.i.= for instance
Fin.stat. = financial statement
F.O. = ①firm offer
②free overside
f.o.b. = FOB = free on board
附件
先生(英)，律师(美)
等等
全损险(全损赔偿)
平均中等品质
本季中级品
---
好意，书信
外国汇票
虏获夺取不赔条款
---
①定期交货
②船坞交货
中央银行外汇局
---
不保共同海损(共同海损不赔偿)
例如
财务报表
f.o.c. = free of charges
f.o.r. = free on rail
F. P. = floating policy
f.p. = ①fully paid
②=floating policy
f.p.a. = free from particular average
F. R. B. = Federal Reserve Bank
Frt.= freight
f.s. = foire suire
g.a. = general average
gall.= galls = gallon
g. b.= Gold bonds
gr. = ⑴grain
⑵grain
⑶gram = gramme（英）
gr.wt. = gross weight
gs. = guineas
g.t.c. = good till cancelled
G.V. = grande vitesse
H.I.H. = His or Her Imperial Highness
H. O. = head office
Hon. Con. = Honorary Consul
h. p. n. = horsepower nominal
I. B. = invoice book
ib.=id.=ibidem(=in the same place)
IBRD = International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ICA = International Cooperation Administration
ICC = International Chamber of Commerce
i.e. = id est = that is
in loc. =in loco
in ex. = in extenso (＝in full length)
hi re. = in the matter
insol. = insolvency
inst. = ①installment = instalment
(2)instant (=this month)
Instn. = ①institution
②instruction
int. = interest
in trans. = in transit
Inv. = invoice
①稳固报价
②输入港船上交货价
船上交货价
免费
火车上交货价
船名未定保单
①全额付清
②船名未定保单
不保单独海损(单独海损不赔偿)
美国联邦准备银行
运费，货物
转送电报
共同海损
加仑
黄金证券
①0.0648公克，最小的的重量单位
②珍珠的重量单位=50毫克或V4克拉
3) 公克=gramme（英）
毛重
英国金币名
取消前有效
快车
国王，天皇，女王，皇后
---
总公司
名誉领事
名义马力
发票薄
在同处，在同一书(章)内
国际复兴开发银行(世界银行)
---
国际合作总署
---
国际商会
---
即
在……地方
详细地
关于
无力付款
(1)分期付款
(2)本月
①设备
②通知，指示
利息运输中发票
I.O.P = irrespective of percentage
I.O.U.= I owe you
i.q. = idem quod (= the same as)
I.Q. = import quota
ISB = International Settlement Bank
j.a. = jt. a/c
JETRO = Japan External Trade Organization
JI. = journal
Jr. =junior
kg. = kilo = kilogram
kl. = kiloliter
km. = kilometer
L C. = L/C = letter of credit
L D.Tel. = long-distance telephone
L/G = loss and gain
Ltd. = Ld. = limited
Max = maximum
m/d = months after date
Mdse. = merchandise
Memo. = memo = memorandum
Messrs. = Messieurs
Mfg. = manufacturing
Mgr. = manager
Min. = minmum
M.I.P. = marine insurance policy
Mkt. = market
M.O. = money order
M.P. = ①Member of Parliament
②military police
M.R. = mate's receipt
M.S. = mail steamer
MSS. = manuscripts
N/A = ①no advice
②no account
③new account
N.B. = ①nota bene (=take notice)
②new bond
N/E = n. e. = not enough
n.e.i. = non est inventus (= is not found)
N. F. = no fund
No. = number
免赔额不适用条款
借条
同上，如同
进口配额
国际清算银行
共同存款，联合户头(=joint account)
日本贸易振兴会
---
细目帐，流水帐
年幼者，大学三年级学生，后进者
公斤
公升
公里
信用状
长途电话
损益
有限的
最大限度
发票后……月付款
商品
备忘录，摘要
先生们，贵公司，宝号
制造
经理
最小限度
海上保险证书
市场
拨(或汇)款单
①国会议员
②宪兵
收货单(大副收据)
邮轮
原稿，手抄本
①无通知
②无存款
③新帐户
①注意
②新证券
不够
不在，看不到
---
N/O = no orders
Nom. Cap. = nominal capital
No Red. = no reduction
N. R. = no risk
N/S = not sufficient fund
N. Wt. = net weight
o/a = on account of
o/c = ①overcharge
②open charter
③old charter
o/d = ①on demand
②overdraft
OECD=Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OEEC=Organization for European Economic Cooperation
OJT=on the job training
O.K.=all correct
O.P.=open policy
缺乏资金
编号
无指示
名义资本
不减价
无危险
存款不足
净重
因为，在……帐户
①超载
②开口租船契约
③旧租船契约
①兑现时付款式
②透支
经济合作发展组织
---
欧洲经济合作组织
---
在职训练
正确无误，可以，已知
统保单
O.R. = ①owner's risk
②official receiver
O/No. = order number
O/S = ①on sale
②out of stock
③old style
oz.(ozs.) = ounce
p.(pp.) = page (pages)
P.A. = ①particular average
②personal account
③power of attorney
p. a. = per annum
payt. = payment
P.& L. = profit and loss
p. c. = petty cash
Per Pro. = per procuration
per s.s. (or m.v., m.s.) =per steamship (or motor-vessel, motorship)
= ex s.s.
P. L = partial loss
pm. = prem. = premium
p.m. = P.M. = post meridiem
P.M. = ①postmaster
②post mortem
①货主承担风险
②法定破产管理人
订单编号
①出售的
②库存缺货
③旧式
英两
页
①单独海损
②私人存款
③委任书
每年
付款
损益
杂费，零钱
代理的
装……轮
---
---
分损
保险费
午后
①邮政局长
③Prime Minister
P.M.O. = postal money order
P.N. = P/N = promissory note
p. o. c. = port of call
P. O. D. = pay on delivery
p. p. a. = percent per annum
p. p. s. = post postscript
PR = public relations
Pref.Shr. = preference share
prox. = proximo
P. T. O. = please turn over
Q. = quantity
Qlty. = quality
qt. = quart
Q.T. = q.t. = quiet
Quotn.= quotation
q.v.= quod vide
Qy. = quay
Recd. = received
R/D = refer to drawer
R.E. =Royal Exchange
Rec'd Pay't = received payment
ref. =reference
reg. =registered
rem. = ①remittance
②remark
R.P. =reponse payee (=reply paid)
r.s.v.p. =repondez s'il vous plait (=please reply)
$ = dollar
S. B. = ①sales book
②savings bank
SE = system engineering
Sig. = signature
S.L. = salvage loss
②死后
③首相(总理)
(英)邮政拨(或汇)款单
期票
暂停港
付款交货
年利率
再者，后记
公共关系
优先股
下月
请阅背面
数量(quantity sale = 大量削价出售）品质(quality control = 品质管制) 夸尔(四分之一加仑或约1.14公升) 安静的(on the Q.T. = 秘密)
报价单
参阅
码头
收讫
向发票人查询
伦敦交易所
款项收讫
参阅
挂号
①汇款
②备注
回信邮资付讫
请回覆
---
美元
①销售帐簿
②储蓄银行
系统设计
签署
救难损失
S.O = ①shipping order
②ship's option
③seller's option
SOP = standing operating procedure S.O.S = save our ship or souls s.p.a.= subject to particular average
s.s. = steamship
Surv.= surveyor
①装运通知书
②船方有权决定
③卖方有权决定
固定作业程序
---
海难求救信号
以不保单独海损为条件
汽船
T. = ①ton②tare
T. A. = telegraphic address
T & Dft. = tare and draft
T. C. = ①telegraph collationne
②till countermanded
T. D. O. = transshipment delivery order Tel. = ①telephone②telegram
tfr. = transfer
Thro' B/L = through bill of lading
T.L.O. = total loss only
T.R. = ①telegramme restante
②trust receipt
T.S.V.P. = tournez s'il vous plait
T. T. = telegraphic transfer
U.K. = United Kingdom
Ull. = ullage
ult. = ultimo
u/w = underwriter
v.g. = verbi gratia
via. = via ( =by way of)
VIP = very important person
viz = videlicet ( = namely)
vs. = versus
W. A. = with average
W. B. =①water ballast
②way bill
W.O. = waiting order
W.P.A. = w.p.a. = with particular aveage
W.R. = ①war risk
②warehouse receipt
x.c. = ex coupon
x.in. = ex interest
x.d. = ex dividend（英）
Xm = Xmas = Christmas
x.m.p. = extra message paid
XX = good quality
XXX= very good quality
XXXX = best quality
Yrs. = ①yours②years
公证人
①吨②皮重
电报挂号
皮重和包含物
①校对电报
②至取消为止
转船提货单
---
①电报②电话
①转让②股票过户
直接提单
保全险
①待领电报
②信托收据
请阅背面
电汇
英国
漏损，不足
上月
保险商
例如
经由……
重要人物，贵宾
就是，即
对
保单独海损险（水渍险）
①底货
②运货单
等候订单
保单独海损险（水渍险）
---
①兵险
②仓库收据，存货单
无票息
无利息
无红利的= dividend off（美）
圣诞节
特别传免费付讫
良好品质
极佳品质
优等品质
①贵公司②若干年
商务英语术语及练习
常用商务英语术语
1) International business is business conducted in more than one country, including buying and selling goods and services. 2) Assuming the laboratory tests go well, and you can quote us a competitive price, we certainly be able to place more substantial orders on a regular basis. 3) Considering the friendly business relationship between our two banks, we decided not to charge you the overdue interests. 4) As a result, goods circulate more widely and at lower prices, jobs are created, and
wealth is spread. Though people may act from the narrow desire to enrich themselves, “ an invisible hand ” guides them to enrich and improve all of society. Today, we see a China that is still defined by noble traditions of family, scholarship and honor. I wanted to be a man, and a man I am. The latest type of TVR system is light, inexpensive and easy to manipulate. When most people expect a reduction of inflation rate after the tax cut ，there is still some uncertainty. The further expansion of your exports on our market will depend on your continued efforts to broaden and diversify your product range. Theory is something but practice is everything. We will negotiate for peace, sacrifice for it; we will not surrender for it -- now or ever. In my opinion the damage to the goods is attributed to the fact that the bags are too thin. According to the contract the bags should have been 0.04mm thick. Saddam can not single-handedly cause shortages and gasoline lines. The pay rise promised by the Left could price French products out of European markets. The use of bio-chemical weapons is a sheer violation of international laws –the Geneva Convention in particular. We have advocated the principle of peaceful coexistence, which is now growing more and more popular among the nations of Asia and Africa. In economic field, large companies are feeling the impacts of both constantly technological progress and of the newest production methods. Big powers have their strategies while small countries also have their tactics in coping with the constantly changing international political climate. Avoid using this computer in extreme cold, heat, dust or humidity./ They build roads, houses, bridges, pipelines and canals. 1. What is questioned is whether a country like Britain has a chance, assuming it has the will, to succeed where so many have failed and even assuming that it has, should make the tremendous effort and take substantial financial risk of trying to leap-frog into leadership in entirely new technology or whether it should take softer option of merely catching up with the rest of the industrialized world. 2. The growth of class consciousness among the workers was inhibited by continued high levels of employment and rising earnings for almost 15 years, combined with the propaganda of views in the labor movement reflecting the influence of Keynesian theories about the ability of capitalism to solve permanently the problem of “boon and bust ”t hrough a “ managed economy ” of bu-iilnt stabilizers. 3. 本宪法以法律的形式确认了中国各族人民奋斗的成果，规定了国家的根本任务，是国家的根本大
常用商务英语缩写
1C&F(cost&freight)成本加运费价 2T/T(telegraphictransfer)电汇 3D/P(documentagainstpayment)付款交单 4D/A(documentagainstacceptance)承兑交单5C.O(certificateoforigin)一般原产地证6systemofpreferences)普惠制 7CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)纸箱 8PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、个、支等 9DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元 10DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打 11PKG(package)一包，一捆，一扎，一件等12WT(weight)重量 13G.W.(grossweight)毛重
15C/D(customsdeclaration)报关单 16EA(each)每个，各 17W(with)具有 18w/o(without)没有 19FAC(facsimile)传真 20IMP(import)进口 21EXP（export）出口 22MAX(maximum)最大的、最大限度的 23MIN(minimum)最小的，最低限度 24M或MED(medium)中等，中级的 25M/V（merchantvessel）商船 26S.S(steamship)船运 27MT或M/T(metricton)公吨 28DOC(document)文件、单据
30P/L(packinglist)装箱单、明细表 31INV(invoice)发票 32PCT(percent)百分比 33REF（reference）参考、查价 34EMS（expressmailspecial）特快传递 35STL.(style)式样、款式、类型 36T或LTX或TX(telex)电传 37RMB（renminbi）人民币 38S/M（shippingmarks）装船标记 39PR或PRC(price)价格 40PUR(purchase)购买、购货 41S/C（salescontract）销售确认书 42L/C（letterofcredit）信用证 43B/L（billoflading）提单
商务英语-邮件常用语
外企工作邮件中必用100句 1. I am writing to confirm/enquire/inform you... 我发邮件是想找你确认/询问/想通知你有关… 2. I am writing to follow up on our earlier decision on the marketing campaign in Q2. 我写邮件来是为了跟进我们之前对第二季度营销活动的决定。 3. With reference to our telephone conversation today... 关于我们今天在电话中的谈话… 4. In my previous e-mail on October 5... 在之前10月5日所写的邮件中提到… 5. As I mentioned earlier about... 在先前我所提到的关于… 6. As indicated in my previous e-mail... 如我在之前邮件中所提到的… 7. As we discussed on the phone... 如我们上次在电话中所说的… 8. from our decision at the previous meeting... 如我们在上次会议中所决定的… 9. as you requested... 根据贵方要求… 10. In reply to your e-mail dated April 1，we decided... 回复贵方4月1日的邮件，我方决定… 11. This is in response to your e-mail today. 这是对您今早发来的邮件的回复。 12. As mentioned before, we deem this product has strong unique selling points in china. 如先前所述，我们认为这个产品在中国有强有力且独一无二的销售点。 13. As a follow-up to our phone conversation yesterday, I wanted to get back to you about the pending issues of our agreement. 追踪我们昨天在电话中所谈，我想答复你我们合约的一些待解决的议题。 14. I received your voice message regarding the subject. I'm wondering if you can elaborate i.e. provide more details. 我收到了你关于这个主题的留言。我在想您你是否可以再详尽的说明一下，也就是再提供多一点相关细节。 15. Please be advised/informed that... 请被告知... 16. Please note that... 请注意... 17. We would like to inform you that... 我们想要通知你... 18. I am convinced that... 我确信... 19. We agree with you on... 我们同意你在...的看法。 20. With effect from 4 Oct., 2008... 从2008年10月4日开始生效... 21. We will have a meeting scheduled as noted below... 我们将举行一个会议，会议时间表如下。
商务英语谈判常用词汇
商务英语谈判常用词汇 商务谈判常用词汇： 1、出口信贷export credit 出口津贴export subsidy 商品倾销dumping 外汇倾销exchange dumping 优惠special preferences 保税仓库bonded warehouse 贸易顺差favorable balance of trade 贸易逆差unfavorable balance of trade 进口配额制import quotas 自由贸易区free trade zone 对外贸易值value of foreign trade 国际贸易值value of international trade 普遍优惠制generalized system of preferences-GSP 最惠国待遇most-favored nation treatment-MFNT 2、价格条件 价格trade term (price term) 运费freight 单价price 费wharfage 总值total value 卸货费landing charges 金额amount customs duty 净价net price 印花税stamp duty 含佣价price including commission 税port dues 回佣return commission 装运港port of shipment 折扣discount, allowance 卸货港port of discharge 批发价wholesale price 目的港port of destination 零售价retail price 进口许口证import licence 现货价格spot price 出口许口证export licence 价格forward price 现行价格(时价)current price prevailing price 国际市场价格world (International)Market price 离岸价(船上交货价) -free on board 成本加运费价(离岸加运费价) C&F-cost and freight
商务英语书信常用语大全
商业英文书信 一. 商业书信常用开头语 Opening Phrases & Sentences Generally Used In Business Letters （1）特此奉告等 To inform one of; To say; To state; To communicate; To advise one of; To bring to one's notice (knowledge); To lay before one; To point out; To indicate; To mention; To apprise one of; To announce; To remark; To call one's attention to; To remind one of; etc. 1. We are pleased to inform you that 2. We have pleasure in informing you that 3. We have the pleasure to apprise you of 4. We have the honour to inform you that (of) 5. We take the liberty of announcing to you that 6. We have to inform you that (of) 7. We have to advise you of (that) 8. We wish to inform you that (of) 9. We think it advisable to inform you that (of) 10. We are pleased to have this opportunity of reminding you that (of) 11. We take the advantage of this opportunity to bring before your notice 12. Please allow us to call your attention to 13. Permit us to remind you that (of) 14. May we ask your attention to 15. We feel it our duty to inform you that (of) （2）为(目的)奉告某某事项 1. The purpose of this letter is to inform you that (of) 2. The purport of this line is to advise you that (of) 3. The object of the present is to report you that 4. The object of this letter is to tell you that 5. By this letter we Purpose to inform you that (of) 6. Through the present we wish to intimate to you that 7. The present serves to acquaint you that （3）惠请告知某某事项，等 1. Please inform me that (of) 2. Kindly inform me that (of) 3. Be good enough to inform me that (of) 4. Be so good as to inform me that (of) 5. Have the goodness to inform me that (of) 6. Oblige me by informing that (of)
BEC常用词汇与常用句型
剑桥商务英语中级词汇精选 常用词汇句型运用A 1. absenteeism n.（经常性）旷工、旷职；缺勤 As a manager, we have to punish those absenteeism behaviors. 2.access n.接近（或进入）的机会，享用权；市场销路；进入市场 v.使用；获取，使用科技手段取得 We must master the access to market. 3.accumulate v.积累，累积 We couldn’t ignore accumulating our experience. 4.adjust v.调节，修改，核算（盈亏），精算 We have to adjust ourselves to adapt to the new working environments. 5.adopt v.采纳，批准 Adopting different kinds of opinions of our staffs would improve our working efficiency. 6.afford v.买得起，承受得住；承担费用 Selecting an appropriate accommodation, the most important factor is the affording power from our corporation. 7.allocate v.分配，配给 We have allocated the mission equally among all members of the department. 8.agenda n.议事日程 Because of the emergency, we have got to place the language training courses on the agenda. 9.allowance n.不用付税的津贴，补贴；折扣，折价 We should provide allowance to those retired staff. 10.ambition n.强烈的欲望，进取心，雄心 When recruiting a staff, the most important qualities we pay more attention is his ambitions. 11.anticipate v.预订，占先，抢先；预支，提前使用，期待 Before the meeting, we have to anticipate all needs. 12.appeal n.吸引力 We can design some attractive brochures to make an appeal to our customers. 13.awareness n.意识，认识程度 The most fundamental factor is to have the awareness of team work.
商务英语常见词汇
商务英语应当是在深厚的英语基础上，再强调商务，实用性是商务英语最大的特点。下面是小编分享的商务常见英语单词，希望能对大家有所帮助! 富有价格弹性(Price elastic) 如果需求的价格弹性大于1，那么商品的需求就是富有价格弹性。 需求的价格弹性(Price elasticity of demand) 需求的价格弹性是指价格变化1%导致的需求量变化的百分比(习惯上通常以正数表示)。 供给的价格弹性(Price elasticity of supply) 供给的价格弹性是指价格变化1%导致的供给量变化的百分比。 最低限价(Price floor) 最低限价是指政府对某种商品所规定的最低价格。例如，联邦农业计划规定了小麦和玉米的最低价格。 缺乏价格弹性(Price inelastic) 如果需求的价格弹性小于1，那么商品的需求就是缺乏价格弹性。 价格领导者(Price leader) 价格领导者是指在寡头垄断的行业中制定价格并且其他厂商愿意跟随的厂商。 价格系统(Price system) 在价格系统下，商品和服务都有一个价格，在纯粹的资本主义经济中价格执行一个经济系统的基本职能(决定生产什么、怎样生产、每个人应该得到多少以及一个国家的增长率应该是多少)。 委托--代理问题(Principal-agent problem) 由于经理或工人可能会追求自己的目标，即便这样做会减少企业所有者的利润，从而导致了委托--代理问题。经理或工人是为所有者工作的代理人，所有者是委托人。 囚犯困境(Prisoner`s dilemma) 囚犯困境是指这样一种情形，此时两个人(或厂商)合作要比不合作好，但是每个人都觉得不合作符合他的利益，因此每个人的状况都要坏于如果他们合作时的境况。 私人成本(Private cost) 私人成本是指单个使用者为了能够使用某一资源而带来的费用。 概率(Probability) 概率是指在长期中某种结果发生的次数与总次数之比。例如，如果多次掷骰子并且1点出现的次数是总次数的1/6，那么出现1点的概率就是1/6。 生产者剩余(Producer surplus)
常用商务英语短句
常用商务英语短句 下面小编为大家整理的常用商务英语短句，希望能对大家的学习有所帮助： 1.If you`re any questions please let me know. 如有任何问题，请告诉我。 2.Please refer tentative schedule as follow: 请参照下面的暂定计划 3.Please recheck your record and advise if you find any differences. 4.We are following your instruction on the basis of your confirmation. 我们在您确认的基础上按您的指示行事 5.Hare are you doing 还好吧? 6.Thanks in advance and best regards. 7.Looking forward seeing you soon. 8.If there is anything else I can help,please let me know. 9.here`s why: 原因如下 10.Please review, and let`s discuss how we should move forward. 请检讨，并让我们一起讨论我们应该怎样继续。
11.We would like to lock up this business. 我们想锁定这笔生意 12.Once you nespond(wespond?) to the abover questions,we will decide which option we would like to pursue. 你们对上述问题回复后，我们会立即决定我们会选择哪个方案。 13.Thanks for your understanding. 谢谢您的谅解 14.Also please let me know if you need any other information 另外，你们还需要其他信息吗? 15.Will get back to you ASAP. 会尽快回复你! 16.Let`s discuss this then 到时我们讨论下这个问题。 17.Please review the below email our US office and advise. 请查看以下我们US 办公室发的E-mail 并进行回复 18.Noted and understand all below. 19.Please review and advise us with any questions. 20.Let`s give it a try to make it happen…It is for a good cause. 让我们试试吧…这是值得支持的 21.There are a lots of lose ends now…How once you going to execute this? 现在有很多问题，我们怎样处理 22.As I explained over the phone ，today, 如同我今天在电
商务英语常用术语
常用商务英语术语 1. 出口方面的词汇 出口信贷export credit出口津贴export subsidy 商品倾销dumping外汇倾销exchange dumping 优惠关税special preferences保税仓库bonded warehouse 贸易顺差favorable balance of trade贸易逆差unfavorable balance of trade 进口配额制import quotas自由贸易区free trade zone 对外贸易值value of foreign trade国际贸易值value of international trade 普遍优惠制generalized system of preferences缩略形式GSP 最惠国待遇most-favored nation treatment 缩略形式MFNT 2. 价格术语 运费freight码头费wharfage 总值total value卸货费landing charges 关税customs duty印花税stamp duty 净价net price含佣价price including commission 港口税port dues回佣return commission . 折扣discount, allowance目的港port of destination 装运港port of shipment卸货港port of discharge 零售价retail price 现行价格（时价）current price/ prevailing price 进口许口证import licence 出口许口证export licence 现货价格spot price期货价格forward price 国际市场价格 world (International)Market price 离岸价（船上交货价）FOB—free on board 成本加运费价（离岸加运费价）C&F—cost and freight 到岸价（成本加运费、保险费价）CIF—cost,insurance and freight 信用证letter of credit ( L/C)跟单信用证documentary credit 光票信用证clean credit可撤销信用证revocable credit 不可撤销跟单信用证irrevocable documentary L/C 保兑信用证confirmed L/C 不保兑信用证unconfirmed L/C即期信用证sight letter of credit 远期信用证usance letter of credit可转让信用证transferable L/C 不可转让信用证non-transferable L/C 循环信用证revolving credit 备用信用证standby letter of credit开证申请人applicant for the credit 开证行the issuing bank 通知行、转证行advising bank/ transmitting bank 保兑行confirming bank受益人beneficiary 汇票bill of exchange商业发票commercial invoice 原产地证书certificate of origin装箱单packing list 提单bill of lading保单insurance policy
常用商务英语缩写(终审稿)
常用商务英语缩写 Pleasure Group Office【T985AB-B866SYT-B182C-BS682T-STT18】
常用商务英语缩写 c. cents 分 C cash; coupon; currency 现金、息票、通货 C centigrade 摄氏（温度） C. A. chartered accountant; chief accountant 特许会计师、主任（主管）会计师 C. A. commercial agent 商业代理、代理商 C. A. consumers’ association 消费者协会 C/A capital account 资本帐户 C/A current account 往来帐 C/A current assets 流动资产 C. A. D cash against documnet 交单付款 can. cancelled 注销 cap. capital 资本 CAPM capital asset pricing model 固定资产计价模式 C. A. S. cost accounting standards 成本会计标准 c. b., C. B. cash book 现金簿 CBD cash before delivery 先付款后交货 C. C. cashier’s check 银行本票 C. C contra credit 贷方对销 c/d carried down 过次页、结转下期 CD certificate of deposit 存单 c/f carry forward 过次页、结转 CG capital gain 资本利得 CG capital goods 生产资料、资本货物 C. H. custom house 海关 C. H. clearing house 票据交换所 Chgs charges 费用 Chq. cheque 支票 C/I certificate of insurance 保险凭证 CIA certified internal auditor 注册内部审计员 c. i. f. , C. I. F. cost, insurance and freight 到岸价，货价+保险+运费 C. I. T. comprehensive income tax 综合所得税 Ck. check 支票 C. L. call loan 短期拆放 C / L current liabilities 流动负债 C. M. A. certificed management accountant 注册管理会计师 CMEA, Comecon Council for Mutual Economic Assistance 经济互助委员会 CML capital market line 资本市场线性 CMO Collateralised Mortgage Obligations 担保抵押贷款债务
商务英语常用词
商务英语重要词汇 所以我们向你罗列了一些商务英语词汇要点，好让你对商务英语有着更深一步的了解。 abroad adv. 在国外，出国，广泛流传absence n. 缺席，离开absent adj. 不在，不参与absenteeism n.(经常性)旷工，旷职absorb v. 吸收，减轻(冲击、困难等)作用或影响abstract n. 摘要access n. 接近(或进入)的机会，享用权v.获得使用计算机数据库的权利accommodation n.设施，住宿account n.会计帐目accountancy n会计工作accountant n.会计accounts n.往来帐目account for解释，说明account executive n.(广告公司)客户经理accruals n. 增值，应计achieve v. 获得或达到，实现，完成acknowledge v. 承认，告知已收到(某物)，承认某人acquire v.获得，得到acquisition n收购，被收购的公司或股份acting adj. 代理的activity n.业务类型actual adj. 实在的，实际的，确实的adapt v. 修改，适应adjust v.整理，使适应administration 实施，经营，行政administer v.管理，实施adopt v. 采纳，批准，挑选某人作候选人advertise v. 公布，做广告ad n.做广告，登广告advertisement n.出公告，做广告advertising n.广告业after-sales service n.售后服务agenda n.议事日程agent n.代理人，经纪人allocate v.分配，配给amalgamation n合并，重组ambition n. 强烈的欲望，野心amortize v. 摊还analyze v 分析，研究analysis n.分析，分析结果的报告analyst n. 分析家，化验员annual adj.每年的，按年度计算的annual general meeting (AGM) 股东年会anticipate v. 期望anticipated adj. 期待的appeal n.吸引力apply v. 申请，请求;应用，运用applicant n. 申请人application n.申请，施用，实施appointee n.被任命人appraisal n.估量，估价appreciate v. 赏识，体谅，增值appropriate v.拨出(款项) approve v. 赞成，同意，批准aptitude n.天资，才能arbitrage n.套arbitration n.仲裁arrears n. 欠帐assemble v.收集，集合assembly-line n. 装配线，流水作业线assess v. 评定，估价asset n. 资产current asset n.流动资产fixed asset n.固定资产frozen asset n. 冻结资产intangible assets n.无形资产liquid assets n.速动资产tangible assets n.有形资产assist v. 援助，协助，出席audit n. 查账，审计automate v. 使某事物自动操作average n.平均，平均水准awareness n. 意识;警觉backing n.财务支持，赞助backhander n. 贿赂backlog n. 积压(工作或订货) bad debt 死账(无法收回的欠款) balance n. 收支差额，余额balance of payments n. 贸易支付差额balance sheet n. 资产负债表bankrupt adj.破产的bankruptcy n.破产bank statement n. 银行结算清单(给帐户的)，银行对账单bar chart n. 条形图，柱状图bargain v. 谈判，讲价base n. 基地，根据地batch n. 一批，一组，一群batch production批量生产bear market n.熊beat v. 超过，胜过behave v. 表现，运转behavior n. 举止，行为，运转情况below-the-line advertising 线下广告，尚未被付款的广告benchmark 衡量标准benefit n. 利益，补助金，保险金得益fringe benefits 附加福利Sickness benefit疾病补助费bid n. 出价，投标takeover bid n. 盘进(一个公司)的出价bill n.账单，票据billboard n. (路边)广告牌，招贴板black adj.违法的in the black 有盈余，贷方black list黑名单，禁止贸易的(货物、公司及个人)名单black Monday n.黑色星期一，指1987年10月国际股票市场崩溃的日子blue chips蓝筹股，绩优股blue-collar adj.蓝领(工人)的Board of Directors n.董事会bond n.债券bonus n. 津贴，红利books公司帐目book value n. 账面价值，(公司或股票)净值bookkeeper n. 簿记员，记帐人boom n. 繁荣，暴涨boost v. 提高，增加，宣扬bottleneck n. 瓶颈，窄路，阻碍bottom adj. 最后的，根本的v. 到达底部，建立基础bounce v. 支票因签发人无钱而遭拒付并退回
常用商务英语术语
常用商务英语术语（张晓光汇编2015-12-28） 1、绝对优势（Absolute advantage） 如果一个国家用一单位资源生产的某种产品比另一个国家多，那么，这个国家在这种产品的生产上与另一国相比就具有绝对优势。 2、逆向选择（Adverse choice） 在此状况下，保险公司发现它们的客户中有太大的一部分来自高风险群体。 3、选择成本（Alternative cost） 如果以最好的另一种方式使用的某种资源，它所能生产的价值就是选择成本，也可以称之为机会成本。 4、非对称的信息（Asymmetric information） 在某些市场中，每个参与者拥有的信息并不相同。例如，在旧车市场上，有关旧车质量的信息，卖者通常要比潜在的买者知道得多。 5、收支平衡图（Break－even chart） 收支平衡图表示一种产品所出售的总数量改变时总收益和总成本是如何变化的。收支平衡点是为避免损失而必须卖出的最小数量。 6、捆绑销售（Bundling） 捆绑销售指这样一种市场营销手段，出售两种产品的厂商，要求购买其中一种产品的客户，也要购买另一种产品。 7、资本收益（Capital gain） 资本收益是指人们卖出股票（或其他资产）时所获得的超过原来为它支付的那一部分。 8、资本主义（Capitalism） 资本主义是一种市场体系，它依赖价格体系去解决基本的经济问题：生产什么？如何生产？怎样分配？经济增长率应为多少？ 9、勾结（Collision） 勾结是指一个厂商和同业内其他的厂商签订有关价格、产量和其他事宜的协议。 10、互补品（Complements） 如果X和Y是互补品，X的需求量就与Y的价格成反向变化。 11、贴现率（ Discount rate） 当利率用于计算投资的净现值时，它被称为贴现率。 12、可分散风险(Diversifiable risk）可以通过多样化来避免的风险是可分散风险。 13、有效市场假说（Efficient markets hypothesis） 根据这一假设，投资者在买卖股票时会迅速有效地利用可能的信息.所有已知的影响一种股票价格的因素都已经反映在股票的价格中，因此根据这一理论，股票的技术分析是无效的。（这个假设有三种形式。） 14、财富状况（Endowment position）财富状况是指消费者每年的收人。 15、加成定价（Markup pricing） 加成定价是指，为了确定一种产品的价格而把一个百分比（或绝对的）数量加到所估计的产品平均（或边际的）成本上，这就意味着该数量要计入某些无法化归任何具体产品中去的成本，并且旨在维持厂商的某一投资回报率。 16、恩格尔曲线（Engel curve） 恩格尔曲线反映的是所购买的一种商品的均衡数量与消费者收入水平之间的关系。它是以19世纪德国的统计学家恩斯特?恩格尔的名字命名的。 17、劣质商品（Inferior good） 劣质商品是指其收入效应使得实际收人增加导致需求量减少的商品。
常用商务英语缩略语表
常用商务英语缩略语表A A accepted 承兑 AA Auditing Administration （中国）审计署 AAA 最佳等级 abs. abstract 摘要 a/c, A/C account 帐户、帐目 a/c, A/C account current 往来帐户、活期存款帐户 A&C addenda and corrigenda 补遗和勘误 Acc. acceptance or accepted 承兑 Accrd.Int accrued interest 应计利息 Acct. account 帐户、帐目 Acct. accountant 会计师、会计员 Acct. accounting 会计、会计学 Acct.No. account number 帐户编号、帐号 Acct.Tit. account title 帐户名称、会计科目 ACN air consignment 航空托运单 a/c no. account number 帐户编号、帐号 Acpt. acceptance or accepted 承兑 A/CS Pay. accounts payable 应付帐款 A/CS Rec. accounts receivable 应收帐款 ACT advance corporation tax 预扣公司税 ACU Asia Currency Unit 亚洲货币单位 A.C.V actual cash value 实际现金价值 a.d., a/d after date 开票后、出票后 ADRS asset depreciation range system 固定资产分组折旧法Adv. advance 预付款 ad.val.,A/V ad valorem to (according value) 从价