英语国家概况简答题+翻译
1.Shakespeare:
Great Tragedies:Hamlet\ Macbeth\ Othello\ King Lear
Great Comedies:The Merchant of Venice\The Twelfth Night\
A Midsummer Night's Dream\As you like it
2.The Privy Council was formerly the chief source of executive power in the state and give private advice to the King.So the Privy Council was also called the King's Council in history.Today its role is largely formal,advising the sovereign to approve certain government decrees.
3.Civil Service
Implementation of the Minister’s decisions is carried out by a permanent politically neutral organization known as the civil service.The civil service is non-political.Changes of government do not involve changes in departmental staff.Civil servants are recruited mainly by open competition.
4. Norman Conquest
In 1066, Edward died childless. Harold, Edward’s brother-in-law, and William, Duke of Normandy, Edward’s Norman cousin, both claimed the throne.
William, Duke of Normandy, crossed the Channel , killed Harold and defeated the English army at the battle of Hastings.
After Norman Conquest, feudalism was established in
England.
5. Great Charter
Richard I demanded more feudal taxes and army service. The lords became angry, marched to London and forced him to sign a long document on June 17th.
The Great Charter contained 3 sets of provisions.
It was made in the interests of the feudal lords.
6.Bourgeoisie Revolution
Charles I ascended the throne in 1625.Like his father,he was constantly at loggerheads with Parliament.
At the beginning of the Civil War,two camps were formed;the king's men were called "Cavaliers" and the supporters of parliament were called "Roundheads".
The King ran away to join the revolt in 1648.The army,under the leadership of Cromwell,defeated the revolt in a few months.The king was recaptured on 1649.English then called itself a Commonwealth.
7. Restoration of the Stuart
The bourgeoisie compromised with the rightists and invited Charles II to come back from Holland to the throne in 1660.
The expansion of James II’s power soon clashed with the interests of the bourgeoisie, and in 1688, the 2 parties of the
bourgeoisie united and staged a bloodless coup d’ etat.
8.What were the consequences of the British Industrial Revolution ?
First, the industrial bourgeoisie gained supremacy in the 1840s.Second, productivity was greatly increased.Third, population was more and more concentrated in towns and cities.Fourth, the rapid growth of capitalism caused miseries and disasters among the working people.
9. Why is the United States a melting pot?
The United States has long been known as a “melting pot”, because it is a country of many ethnic groups from different parts of the world.There are many different Americans, who have been dissipating their different ethnic cultures toward some “standard” by living and working together in the “melting pot”of the United States and gradually forming a new nation.
10. What are the 2 principles followed by the constitution ? Explain each.
The Constitution follows two principles : the federal system and the “separation of powers”. The federal system means that the states have the right to self-government. There is also a division of powers among the three branches of the federal government: the legislative branch, the executive branch
and the judicial branch. They are supposed to be independent of each other, but each checks the other two which calls for “checks and balances”.
11. Use the process of law-making to illustrate the relationship between the president and congress.
After both houses have passed the bill, it is sent to the President, who should sign it or veto it within ten days. If he vetoes the bill, it goes back to Congress; his veto may be overruled by a two-thirds vote of both houses of Congress and the bill then becomes a law.
12. Use the process of impeachment to explain the relationship between the president and congress.
Under the Constitution, a sitting President may be removed from office before his term expires only by an impeachment process whereby the House of Representatives, upon sufficient evidence, brings a “bill of impeachment”approved by two-thirds of its membership. Next there comes a trial in the Senate, with the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court as the judge and the Senators as the jury. In 1868, Congress tried to impeach President Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton, but both failed.
13. When the first 13 colonies were established how were
they divided? What were their distinctive features in terms of economy?
Firstly, the New England Colonies became a center for lumbering, shipping and fishing.Secondly, the Central Colonies became a region of small farms.Thirdly, the Southern Colonies developed a plantation system with the exploitation of slave labor.
14. the Stamp Act
The British Parliament passed the Stamp Act of 1765, which required that a stamp, purchased from the British government, be placed on all legal documents, newspaper and other printed materials. The reaction from the colonies was so violent that the British government was forced to repeal the Act.
15. Boston Tea Party
In 1773, the British government passed the Tea Act, which permitted the British East India Company to sell tea directly to its agents in the colonies. A group of Boston citizens, who disguised themselves as Indians, boarded three British ships in the labor and tossed a cargo of tea worth 17000 overboard. 16.Monroe Doctrine
In 1823,President James Monroe announced his "Monroe Doctrine",which warned the European powers against any
attempt at intervention in Latin American affairs with the aim of keeping Latin American countries for the United States itself. 17. Cuban Missile Crisis
In 1962 after the discovery of Soviet nuclear missile bases in Cuba,the US imposed naval as well as air blockade on Cuba while Pres.Kennedy demanded that the Soviet Union dismantle the missiles.For several days the world stood on the brink of its first nuclear war,however,the USSR later removed the missiles.
18.我们认为下述真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，造物主赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利，其中包括生存权，自由权和追求幸福的权利。
19.我们在此立志宣誓，不能让他们白白死去---要使这个国家在上帝的庇佑之下，得到新生的自由---要使那民有，民治，民享的政府不致从地球上消失。
20.迈克尔乔丹，一位被评论家们誉为有着贵族气质和超凡才华的篮球运动员，他已经从篮坛隐退，而正是篮球这项运动，使其成为世界上最著名和报酬最丰富的运动员之一。
最新中国政府部门英文翻译
中国共产党，其他政党及政协相关名称 中国共产党中央委员会Central Committee of the Communist Party of China 中央政治局Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPC 中央政治局常务委员会Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC 中央书记处Secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPC 中央军事委员会Central Military Commission of the CPC 中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC 中央办公厅General Office, CCCPC 中央组织部Organization Department, CCCPC 中央宣传部Publicity Department, CCCPC 中央统一战线部United Front Work Department, CCCPC 中央对外联络部International Liaison Department, CCCPC 中央政法委员会Committee of Political and Legislative Affairs, CCCPC 中央政策研究室Policy Research Office, CCCPC 中央直属机关工作委员会Work Committee for Offices Directly under the CCCPC 中央国家机关工作委员会State Organs Work Committee of the CPC 中央台湾工作委员会Taiwan Affairs Office, CCCPC 中央对外宣传办公室International Communication Office, CCCPC 中央党校Party School of the CPC 中央党史研究室Party History Research Centre, CCCPC 中央文献研究室Party Literature Research Centre, CCCPC 中央翻译局Compilation and Translation Bureau, CCCPC 中央外文出版发行事业局 China Foreign Languages Publishing and Distribution Administration 中央档案馆Archives Bureau, CCCPC 《中国人民政治协商会议及其机构》 The Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and Its Structure 中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会National Committee of the CPPCC 中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会常务委员会 Standing Committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC 中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会办公厅 General Offices of the CPPCC National Committee 专门委员会Special Committee 提案委员会Committee for Handling Proposals 经济委员会Committee for Economic Affairs 人口资源环境委员会Committee of Population, Resources and Environment 教科文卫体委员会Committee of Education, Science, Culture, Health and Sports
英语国家概况-澳大利亚篇中英翻译
第三十章澳大利亚经济 Chapter 30 The Economy Ⅰ.工业 Manufacturing Industry 澳大利亚的制造业以制砖开始。86%的制造业为小企业。 Manufacturing in Australia began with the making of bricks. It is estimated that 86% of all manufacturing firms are small businesses. 在世界的总格局中，澳大利亚的制造业是独特的。它的特点包括下面几点: In a world context Australian manufacturing is unique. Its features include the following: 1)效率低Inefficiency 澳大利亚的市场有限，它在地理上与外界的隔绝以及很高的关税壁垒是影响澳大利亚工业效率的几个因素。 Australia's limited local market, its geographical isolation and high levels of tariff protection are the factors that affect the efficiency of Australian manufacturing. 效率最低并且最受保护的工业是汽车、纺织、服装和制鞋工业。 The industries that are most inefficient and most highly protected are automobile, textiles, clothing and footwear industries. 2)高度集中Concentration 在过去20年里，大的联合企业在澳大利亚经济中一直起中心作用。 Over the last 20 years large conglomerates have been given a central role in the Australian economy. 整个钢铁工业由一个公司控制，这就是布洛肯·希尔专卖有限公司。 The entire steel industry is in the hands of one company, the Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited (BHP). 3)外国投资Foreign investment 澳大利亚的制造业在很大程度上依靠外国投资。外资公司比他们的澳大利亚同行获利多。 Australian manufacturing relies heavily on foreign investment. Companies that are foreign-owned tend to be more profitable than their Australian counterparts. Ⅱ.农业 Agriculture 200年前，澳大利亚是一个没有农业的大陆。今天，农业却是这个国家的最大的和最多样化的行业。澳大利亚是世界上粮食和天然纤维的主要生产国之一。 200 years ago Australia was a land without agriculture. Today, agriculture is the nation's largest and most diverse industry. Australia is one of the world's leading
英语汉译英翻译
Unit 1 1.餐饮行业与电影行业的共同之处在于其小型企业的失败率很高。 The restaurant industry has one thing in common with the film industry: the high failure rate among its small business. 2.他的伟大在于他具有非凡的能力，集科学家和实业家的品质于一身。 His greatness lies in his outstanding ability to connect the qualities of a scientist with those of an industrialist. 3.像工作单位取代居住地一样，我们的种族身份已被职业身份所取代。这一现象在流动作业的行业中表现得尤为明显。 We have replaced ethnic identity with professional identity, the way we replaced neighborhoods with workplace, which is quite obvious among the mobile professions. 4.显然，任何一家大公司的老板都不可能事事亲力亲为，需要找一些方法把他们的理念传达给他人。 Plainly, in any large enterprise the boss cannot be directly involved in everything, and some means have to be found to transfer his belief to others. 5.没有任何人愿意再过那种自己无法控制、要别人认可、任人摆布的日子了。No one was willing to experience the feeling of being out of control and dependent on someone else’s approval, at someone else’s mercy. 6.人们渴望一种成就感，渴望有能力凭自己的手、自己的脑、自己的意志办成事情。 The human being longs for a sense of accomplishment, and being able to do things, with his hand, with his mind and with his will. 7.政府希望通过大量出售资产来弥补损失。 The government hopes that the sale of a chunk of its assets will help make up for its lose. 8.现代社会里人们的身份更多地由他们所从事的职业，而不是他们所生活的社区来界定。
英语国家概况论文-政治体制 英文
Comparison of the Politics in Britain and United States Abstract: The system that British established in 19 century has a profound effect not only on its own country’s society developments of politics and history but also on other counties’ modern institution, politics and history. British is the mother of world capitalist constitutionalism. As a powerful capitalistic country, US’system is also based on the British’s system and set a prefect system after some reforms. Even so, the systems of the two countries still have many differences. Both of the two countries have powerful political systems in the world. Keywords: constitution, party systems, electoral system 1. Introduction: (political institution is superstructure, generally refers to the state power organs and the basic system which adapted with the social nature. "Political system, as same as the various systems of the human society, is the product of history development, branding with time and space.”) After the English bourgeois revolution, democratic politics was gradually established. The constitution was promulgated and constitutionalism was gradually be taken. Capitalism got a considerable development in Britain. Britain built the first set of the capitalist system, which is known as the source and model of Western political system. British and US political systems have the same theoretical basis: the principle of "separation of powers” and the theory of “human rights”; the concrete content includes the parliamentary system, the electoral system, the judicial system, and the political party system, etc; these are all considered to be the elements of "people's democracy", Regimes implemented the principles of separation of powers and check and balance and the "rule of law". And most fundamentally,as two typical representatives of capitalist countries’ political systems, Britain and USA have the same nature in the maintenance of bourgeois interests and the private capitalist system, the implementation of other aspects of bourgeois dictatorship. But in the specific political system level, they present different characteristics, the paper only compare British and American political system from three aspects of the Constitution, the party system, the electoral system. 2. Comparison of constitutions Britain is typical of countries with unwritten constitution, there is no unified, complete written form, and its constitutional system is extremely complex which is constituted by a variety of written and unwritten customary law, jurisprudence and constitutional practices constituted. British constitution can not be listed by one or several pieces of documents, nor strict distinct by the time, it lacks rigorous and explicit content, consistent and complete system。 The United States Constitution is the first written constitution in the world. In the course of its development, the United States Constitution formed the four main principles: the separation of powers and checks and balances, federalism, limited the powers of the government and judicial review. The US Constitution carried thorough the separation of powers which provide the separation of the legislative, judicial and administrative. Congress, the Federal Court and the President perform their respective duties, and the division of labor between federal, state and local governments is also very clear. Federal Court is an important weight in the separation of powers and checks and balances in the United States, in addition to the administrative function and legislative function, the most important function is the supervisory function and judicial function. Judges enjoy constitutional status and was appointed guardian to uphold the Constitution; the
英语国家概况考试名词解释整理中文翻译
题型：选择，判断，名词解释，填空 名词解释重点整理如下： 英国经济的相对衰落：英国已经历了经济的下降，因为1945.But这是一个相对而不 是绝对的下降。英国是富裕和更富有成效的，比它在1945年，但由于其他国家的发展更为迅速，从第二大经济体，第六下滑。 私有化在1908s：英国经济在20世纪70年代经历了一个特别恶劣的时期，高通胀率和英镑贬值，因此，在20世纪80年代，当根据撒切尔夫人的保守党执政时期，一个广泛的方案。进行了私有化。许多国有企业（如钢铁，电信，天然气，航空航天）到了私人公司的私有化是在控制通货膨胀取得了成功，但同时失业率迅速上升。 英国经济的主要部门：主要行业，如农业，渔业和采矿，制造这些初级产品的复杂商品的第二产业;和大专（或服务）的产业，如：英国国家经济可以划分成三个主要领域银行，保险，旅游业和零售业。 综合学校：综合学校是在英国最流行的中学，这些学校承认不参考他们的学术能力的儿童提供普通教育的学生可以学习一切从喜欢文学，喜欢烹饪的实用科目的学科。 文法学校。文法学校在英国中学的类型选择通过一个名为“11 - PULS”考试在11 岁以下的儿童，这些儿童与最高分去文法学校，这些学校打好重点上先进的学科，而不是更普遍的综合学校的课程，并期望他们的学生去上大学。 俗称独立学校：独立学校是公立学校，这实际上是私人学校接收他们通过私营部门和学费率的资金，与一些政府援助的独立学校是不是国民教育体系的一部分，但教学的质量和标准。通过参观女王陛下的学校督察保持这些学校限制学生的父母都比较丰富。公开大学：。开放大学是在英国成立的1960年为人们谁可能不会得到经济和社会原因高等教育机会的它是对所有人开放，并并没有要求在同一个正式的其他大学教育资格大学其次通过电视，广播，通信，视频和Q研究中心的净工作课程，公开大学学业结束。成功的学生将被授予大学学位。 邦联条：独立战争胜利后，美国新的国家是一个虚弱的国民政府组织联合会章程协议下的所谓国会，每个国家都有自己的政府，其自身的规律。和处理其内部事务。国家没有与美国国会和相互合作。大会没有权力强迫任何国家出钱国家的政府和国会不能任何公民征税。因此，文章邦联失败。 一个联邦制度：一个联邦制度是其中的电源之间共享一个中央机关及其组成部分，保留给每个前来的权利，。 美国宪法的制定：联邦章程失败，大会决定举行制宪会议修改联合会章程12States （罗德岛州拒绝参加）的代表聚集在费城在1787and在写一个新的结束。宪法和联 邦制度与一个强大的中央政府。宪法规定，总统选举将被称为，联邦法律将只能由国会众议院众议院和参议院和S最高法院将成立，终于批准了新宪法，大多数市民在 9of 13States是在1787年正式生效。 。执行：行政长官是谁当选一个四年任期的总统根据在1951.The总统通过了一项修 正案，只有两个词可以选出一位总统可以向国会提出立法建议，他可以否决任何法案国会通过。否决权，可以通过在两院三分之二多数票覆盖。总统可以任命联邦法官空缺出现，他是军队的首席指挥官。布什总统在政府运作等广泛当局部门和处理外交关系。 人权：人权法案条例草案，其中在1791年宪法第10修正案，权利的条例草案获得 通过，以保证自由和个人权利，如言论自由，集会权在公共场所自己的武器等的权利。
中国小吃官方翻译(中英文对照)
中国小吃官方翻译 （中英文对照） A list of Chinese dainty snacks 中式早餐/午餐/晚餐 Chinese -Breakfast/lunch/supper 米饭类 Rice 1、竹筒饭 Bamboo rice 2、鸡粥 Chicken gruel 3、粽子 Chinese rice-pudding/Glutinous rice dumpling/ z ongzi 4、稀饭 Congee / millet gruel/ Rice porridge 5、蒸饭 Boiled rice/ Steamed rice 6、汤团 Boiled rice dumpling 7、卤肉饭 Braised pork rice/ Rice with red-cooked pork 8、炒米饭 Fried rice 9、蛋炒饭 Fried rice with egg 10、及第粥 Giblets Congee
11、糯米饭 Glutinous rice 12、油饭 Glutinous oil rice 13、腊八粥 Laba porridge (rice porridge with nuts and d ried fruit eaten on the eighth day of the twelfth luna r month) 14、白饭 Plain cooked rice /Plain white rice 15、紫米八宝饭 Purple rice with eight-treasures rice pu dding 16、饭团 Rice and vegetable roll/ Rice ball 17、红苕稀饭 Rice porridge with sweet potato 18、田鸡片粥 Sliced Frog Congee 19、地瓜粥 Sweet potato congee 20、稀粥 Thin gruel 21、稀饭 Congee / Millet gruel/ Rice porridge 22、蒸饭 Boiled rice/ Steamed rice 23、汤团 Boiled rice dumpling 24、卤肉饭 Braised pork rice/ Rice with red-cooked pork 25、蛋炒饭 Fried rice with egg 26、糯米饭 Glutinous rice
英语国家概况(修订版谢福之)美国部分
对错题 Chapter 8 1.The eastern highlands formed by the Appalachians hold one third of the country's continental territor y.(F) 2.The climate in the United States can be classified as temperate,with some mild subtropical and tropica l zones.(T) 3.Almost through the middle of the United States, north to south,runs a well--known 50-centimeter rain fall line.(T) 4.New York is the commercial and financial center of the United States , and it is composed of five boro ughs including Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Staten Island, and Queens.(T) 5.San Francisco is the second largest city after New York and the world famous Hollywood and Disneyla nd are located here.(F) 6.During the 1830s and 1840s, many northern Europeans and Irish immigrants came to America.(T) 7.Almost half of the immigrants coming to the United States in the 1980s were Asians.(T) 8.Basic American cultural values are freedom, equality and desire to work hard for a higher standard of l iving.(T) Chapter 9 1.America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after Columbus.(T) 2.The second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the Continental Army and Navy were f ounded under the command of Thomas Jefferson.(F) 3.The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was a single, indivisible na tion.(T) 4.Many American people approved of the Vietnam War.(F) 5.In 1990, American troops and the troops from allied nations launched Operation Desert Storm in orde r to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.(T) 6.According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden were responsible fo r the terrorist event on September11,2001.(F) 7.The America government regarded Iraq a nation among the "axis of evil".(T) 8.On March 19,2003,American and United Nation's troops, supported by several other countries, began an invasion of Iraq.(F) Chapter 10
英语翻译英文版
I WAS born in the year 1632, in the city of York, of a good family, though not of that country, my father being a foreigner of Bremen, who settled first at Hull. He got a good estate by merchandise, and leaving off his trade, lived afterwards at York, from whence he had married my mother, whose relations were named Robinson, a very good family in that country, and from whom I was called Robinson Kreutznaer; but, by the usual corruption of words in England, we are now called - nay we call ourselves and write our name - Crusoe; and so my companions always called me. I had two elder brothers, one of whom was lieutenant-colonel to an English regiment of foot in Flanders, formerly commanded by the famous Colonel Lockhart, and was killed at the battle near Dunkirk against the Spaniards. What became of my second brother I never knew, any more than my father or mother knew what became of me. Being the third son of the family and not bred to any trade, my head began to be filled very early with rambling thoughts. My father, who was very ancient, had given me a competent share of learning, as far as house-education and a country free school generally go, and
英语国家概况简答题+翻译
1.Shakespeare: Great Tragedies:Hamlet\ Macbeth\ Othello\ King Lear Great Comedies:The Merchant of Venice\The Twelfth Night\ A Midsummer Night's Dream\As you like it 2.The Privy Council was formerly the chief source of executive power in the state and give private advice to the King.So the Privy Council was also called the King's Council in history.Today its role is largely formal,advising the sovereign to approve certain government decrees. 3.Civil Service Implementation of the Minister’s decisions is carried out by a permanent politically neutral organization known as the civil service.The civil service is non-political.Changes of government do not involve changes in departmental staff.Civil servants are recruited mainly by open competition. 4. Norman Conquest In 1066, Edward died childless. Harold, Edward’s brother-in-law, and William, Duke of Normandy, Edward’s Norman cousin, both claimed the throne. William, Duke of Normandy, crossed the Channel , killed Harold and defeated the English army at the battle of Hastings. After Norman Conquest, feudalism was established in
英语求职信中英翻译范文5篇
英语求职信中英翻译范文5篇 求职自荐信在应聘时显得非常重要，可是求职自荐信中的英文求职信又该怎么写呢，在这之中应该有许多外文系专业的同学们要头疼了吧。相对于中文求职信的要求，英文求职信，怎么样的格式、开头才算礼貌呢，这其中有涉及到西方交流文化了。求职1号站给大家带来英文求职信,求职信英文,英语求职信范文,求职简历英文,求职信格式英文,英语求职信格式等给大家 应聘管理职位英文求职信1 尊敬的Volitip女士： 您是否需要一名能够及时向管理层提供关键决策(如公司产品的销售、新分支机构的开设、公司经营的多样化、新税法的效果审查、经济预测的编制等)信息的员工? 我拥有经济学和运筹学的硕士学位，正在寻找一个能够充分挑战我的研究能力以实现公司目标的成长型组织的职位。 随函附上的简历反映了我在课堂和短暂的职业生涯中取得的扎实成就。无论是在教室还是在工作场所，我始终能够实现近期目标，同时开发工具来成功地解决未来的需求。 谢谢你抽出时间。我期待你的回音。如有要求，将提供参考资料。 真诚的 Dear Ms. Volitip: Do you have need for an employee who can provide management with timely information on which crucial decisions (e.g., marketing of company products, the opening of new branches, diversification of company operations, examination of the effects of new tax laws, preparation of economic forecasts, etc.) are made? I hold an M.S. degree in Economics and Operations Research and am seeking a position with a growing organization that can fully challenge my research capabilities in pursuit of the firm' s objectives. The enclosed resume reflects solid achievement in both the classroom and during my brief professional career. Whether in the classroom or at the workplace, I have been consistently able to meet near-term objectives while developing the tools to successfully tackle future requirements.
英语国家概况翻译
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英语国家概况-爱尔兰篇中英翻译
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