景观建筑设计专业英语翻译

景观建筑设计专业英语翻译
景观建筑设计专业英语翻译

景观建筑设计专业英语翻译

6、难道我们还有其他的选择吗?我们通过发明一个完全人造的环境来发展我们的潜能,实现我们立于命运之外的愉快的生产生活,是极有可能的吗?这种预想相当令人疑惑。通过深入分析那些最成功的规划,可以看出:我们的成功之处在于有意识的寻求一种和谐的整体而不是粗暴的去征服自然,不是忽略自然条件,也不是武断的用人工建筑掩盖自然特征和外观。而这种和谐是通过调整土地和自然的结构形式来实现的,也就是将丘陵,阳光,水,植物,空气引入到规划区域,带着对大自然的体贴和怜悯将构筑物建于山间,河流和山谷沿线以及风景中。

7、在我们对秩序和美丽的渴望下,也许我们是动物中的独一无二。是否有其他动物能够欣赏“景观”,会对古老的橡木带来的壮观景致产生思考,或者喜欢追寻海岸线的波动,这是值得怀疑的。我们本能的寻求和谐,并排斥那些混乱的、有冲突的、丑陋的和无逻辑的社会现象。当我们的乡镇城市被拥挤的街道而非由开放性的公园占据,我们会感到满意吗?当高速公路穿越我们的社区,我们会感到满意吗?当大货车经过我们的房屋和教觉时隆隆作响,我们会感到满意吗?当我们的孩子在上学的路上要一次又一次地穿过危险的交通道路,我们会感到满意吗?从早到晚,城市里的车辆川流不息,尽管路经这些髙楼建筑地区,仍好比行行径山岳峡谷,应读是绿意怅然畅行无阻的景观道路,周边都是宽敝的社区和开阔的乡间美景。

8、当下的我们必须直面这个令人不安的事实:我们的城市、城

郊甚至于农村地区的规划在很大程度上都是考虑不周的。我们的社区与髙速公路二者之间亳无逻辑联系. 二者在地形学、气象学、生理学、生态学基础上也无联系。我们已经长大,并将继续逐渐地,无规则地,无任何理由地成长。我们并不满足并且很迷惑。在规划过程中失败的地方,我们感到很失意.

9、我们能够通过观察来学习规划,不能通过逐一解决问題,逐一处理场所来实现对规划的学习。巧妙的计划是根据外在灵感和灵感启发的视野来检验每一个方案,当考虚解决每个问题时,应该将每个问题视为一个完整规划理念的一个部分。简而言之,实际规划的中心目标都是创建一个更加有益健康的生活环境—一种更安全、更有效、更偷悦、更有益的生活方式。显然,如果我们是环境和遗传的共同产物,那么环境的本质就必然关键。理想化的自然环境是在其中可以消除紧张与摩擦,在这种理想化的自然环境中我们可以彻底发挥潜能。这种环境,正如曾经那些对老北京进行规划的设计师们所构想的那样,人类生存、生长和发展. 要实现与自然、上帝、同胞们的和谐相处。

6、接下来,雄心勃勃、适应力强的直立人就离开了树林来到大草原,过起了猎人的生活,以食肉为主——这就使得人类具有和平性与侵略性双重特征。社会从独立的个体变化到群体生活,为了狩猎而进行分工协作。人类开始遍布全球,让自己适应不同的气候和地理环境,并创造出不同的物种。在欧洲他要忍受惊人的冰雪时期的痛苦和山脉形成的恐惧这正是一种把第一部艺术作品看成是内在现实表达的挑战:也是一种有可能促动技术专家政治论者返璞妇真,积累经验.创造高端的景观园林的挑战。他如此地崇敬自己有一种野兽捕食的特殊力量,以至于让他在食用肉体时渴望感受到一种穿透身体的精神。

7、一万年后,西方的狩猎社会己经被移居者所取代.但是从本质上看起来,这种趋势也出现在中国。对此,我们可以找到抽象的证据来说明,事实上绘画和早期的狩猎生活方式存在一些相似点。中国这片气候温和宜人,野兽一旦被驯服,就失去了神秘感,而人们也就把对

它们的崇敬转向对整个自然界的崇敬。因此,这些具有进取心的狩猎者成为了热爱和平的农业家。道教徒们相信,人类所有的工

作必须是温和的,而且順从大地母亲,这是一种和西方移居者完全不同的理论。移居者们往往把自己看成是精通一切并能统治整个宇宙的能者.。今天,西方人采用了更为现代的观点,和平常一样,我们首先能够在艺术中找到证据.而不是在科学中。

8、第三个阶段,西方移居者阶段。他们主要关注数学比例造就出的美观,而环境则完全成为了建筑家们职责。

9,,当伽利略和和他的伙伴打破了发展了一万年才达到成熟稳定的安全古典盒子后,就意味着第四个阶段开始了。超出有限,开始了对无限的研究,这种理念对景观园林设计的影响是具有革命意义的。虽然在朗特庄园里,维尼奥拉己经展现了一个比房屋还大的花园,但是这种研究仍然意味着一种完全不同的空间理论。风景学从建筑学独立出来,并且展示出建筑学所没有的虚构的空间观和理念。对我来说,有两个从过时的设计理念中解放出来的具有象征意义的建筑。一个是贝尔尼尼的圣彼得大教堂广场,这个景观通过圆柱给大家创造了一个无限空间的感觉。它是世界上最伟大的集中城市空间的代表建筑;另一个建筑是当代位于佛罗伦萨附近的冈贝里亚庄园。在历史上它首次利用空间记录了个性心理展现出的对比方面。

4、城市是庭院世界里的一个钢筋凝土庭院,由许多更小的庭院组成。钢筋混凝土庭院里密集地种着植物,以致于我们认不出甚至完全忽略掉庭院最大的一个部分。

5、通过我们闲置的双眼,我们可以看见城市里大自然剩余的树

木和庭院。而城市大自然里的树木和庭院远远要比我们眼前的多得多,而道路旁和空地上的草本植物也要多得多。我们呼吸的空气,我们脚下的地球,我们饮用和排泄的水,以及我们周围的生物体,都是自然。在城市中,自然是强有力的力量,它能摇撼大地,使之滑坡、拱起或坍塌。它可以沿山将岩石层劈开,生长出禁止开采的岩石露头,上亿的生物体生长在市区里含有化石成分的石灰岩建筑群中。自然是雨水,是雨水管里地下河奔流的声音。自然是从水龙头流出的水,通过水管,遥远的河流或水库的水从水龙头流出,使用后被冲入下水道,又重新返回到河流和海洋中。城市中的自然是一阵夜晚的微风,一阵掠过建筑表层、太阳和天空的旋风。城市里的自然中有小狗小猫,有老鼠在地下室,有鸽子在道路旁,有浣熊在涵洞里。有猎鹰蹲伏在摩天大楼上。自然是人和其他生物的各种目的和活动相互作用的结果,是支配能量转化、空气流动、大地侵蚀以及水循环的自然过程的结果。城市就是自然的一部分。

6、自然是个连续的统一体,原野和城市分别位于这个统一体的两端。原野和城市都于同一个自然的管辖里.然而,空气却一直被混合气体和悬浮物体污染着。铺路和建筑所用的石材里有包含着岩石,正如我们随处可见的裸露在地表的岩石一样,它们会影响吸热效果和雨水径流,植物。无论外来的还是本土的,总是寻求光、水、和空气来维持生存。这个城市,并没有完全源于自然,也没有完全由人为创造。这不是非自然,应该说是人类为满足其

风景园林专业英语(第一二课翻译)

The practice and theory of Landscape Architecture 景观规划设计理论 【1】Landscape Architecture involves the five major components:They are natural process,human factors,methodology,technology,and values,whatever the scale or emphasis of operation,these five components are consistently relevant.Social and nature factors clearly permeate every facet of a profession that is concerned with people and land. Problem solving,planning,and design methods apply at all scales.Good judgment is consistently required. 风景园林设计包含五个主要方面:自然进程、社会进程、方法论、技术、价值观,无论规模尺度或运作的重点各不相同,这五个要素一贯是相关的。社会因素和自然因素的因子充斥着这个关系到人与土地的领域的方方面面。解决问题,规划、设计方法都会用到所有的尺度。正确的判断判断是一贯必须的。 【2】Consider how natural factors data are relevant to both planning and design.At the regional scale,the impact of development or change in use on a landscape must be known and evaluated before a policy to allow such action is set.An inventory of the natural factors,including geology,soils,hydrology,topography,climate,vegetation and wildlife,and the ecological relationships between them is fundamental to and understanding of the ecosystem to which change is contemplated.Equally important is an analysis of visual quality .Land use policy can thus be made on the basis of the known vulnerability of resistance of the landscape.In other circumstances the natural processes which add up to a given landscape at a give moment in its evolution may,as at Grand Canyon and other unique places,be considered a resource to be preserved,protected,and managed as a public trust.On a smaller scale,soil and geological conditions may be critical in the determination of the cost and the form of building foundations: where it is most suitable to build and where it is not.Sun,wind,and rain are important factors of design where the development of comfort zones for human activity or the growth of plants is a primary objective.Thus,in many ways natural factors influence land use,site planning,and detailer design. 自然因素的考虑与规划和设计都有关系。在区域尺度上,关于利用方面的开发变化的影响,在政策制定之前,必须了解和评估景观的脆弱性和敏感性。详细的自然因素,包括地质的、土壤的、水文的、地形地貌的、气候的、植被的和野生动物的、以及它们之间的生态关系是理解它将要改变的生态系统的基础。同样重要的是视觉质量的分析。土地利用政策的基础是由于了解到景观的脆弱性和抗损性的基础上建立的。在某些发展进化的过程中,一些在特定的时刻作用到特定的景观的自然进程会产生一些公共资源,比如科罗拉多大峡谷,让我们后人去保护它和管理它。在小尺度上,土壤和地质条件是决定建筑的成本和建筑基础形态的关键要素——哪里适宜建立以及哪里不适宜。设计是为人类发展活动找到适宜的空间或者以植物的生长为主要目标,因此,阳光,风和雨是设计最重要的要素。因此,场地和区域的自然要素在景观规划和设计的许多过程当中相互作用。 【3】The social factors apply equally at various scales.In site planning and landscape design,cultural variation in the use and appreciation of open space and parks and the physical and social needs of the young and old are some of the many variables to be considered in a design process that aims to be responsive to social values and human needs.In decisions relates to appropriation of landscape for recreation and aesthetic value people’s perception of t he environment and the

各专业的英文翻译

中国教育在线考研频道提供考研全方面信息指导及咨询服务,为您成功考研提供一切帮助。 哲学Philosophy 马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism 中国哲学Chinese Philosophy 外国哲学Foreign Philosophies 逻辑学Logic 伦理学Ethics 美学Aesthetics 宗教学Science of Religion 科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology 经济学Economics 理论经济学Theoretical Economics 政治经济学Political Economy 经济思想史History of Economic Thought 经济史History of Economic 西方经济学Western Economics 世界经济World Economics 人口、资源与环境经济学Population, Resources and Environmental Economics 应用经济学Applied Economics 国民经济学National Economics 区域经济学Regional Economics 财政学(含税收学)Public Finance (including Taxation) 金融学(含保险学)Finance (including Insurance) 产业经济学Industrial Economics 国际贸易学International Trade 劳动经济学Labor Economics 统计学Statistics 数量经济学Quantitative Economics 中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称 国防经济学National Defense Economics 法学Law 法学Science of Law 法学理论Jurisprudence 法律史Legal History 宪法学与行政法学Constitutional Law and Administrative Law 刑法学Criminal Jurisprudence

公共场所双语标识译法(景区景点)

公共场所双语标识英文译法·景区景点 English Translation of Public Signs·Tourist Attractions 1范围 DB11 / T 334本部分规定了景区景点双语标识英文译法的原则。 本部分适用于景区景点双语标识英文译法,也适用于文物、博物馆双语标识英文译法。 2术语和定义 下列术语和定义适用于本部分。 2.1旅游景区景点tourist attractions 指以旅游及其相关活动为主要功能或主要功能之一的空间或地域。本标准中旅游景区景点是指具有参观游览、休闲度假、康乐健身等功能, 具备相应旅游服务设施并提供相应旅游服务的独立管理区。该管理区应有统一的经营管理机构和明确的地域范围。包括风景区、文博院馆、寺庙观堂、旅游度假区、自然保护区、主题公园、森林公园、地质公园、游乐园、动物园、植物园及工业、农业、经贸、科教、军事、体育、文化艺术等各类旅游景区景点。 3分类 旅游景区景点的英语标识按内容可分为警示提示信息、功能设施信息、服务类信息和其他信息。 4具体要求 4.1警示提示信息 译法原则参照本标准通则部分。 4.2功能设施信息 译法原则参照本标准通则部分。 4.3旅游景点通名 地名通名通常采用英文直接翻译,英文单词首字母大写,其余小写。 4.3.1植物园译为Botanical Garden,如北京植物园Beijing Botanical Garden。 4.3.2博物馆 4.3.2.1一般名称译为xxxx Museum, Museum放在最后,如历史博物馆History Mus eum。 4.3.2.2某机构的博物馆译为xxxx Museum of xxxx(机构名),如大钟寺古钟博物馆A ncient Bell Museum of Great Bell Temple。 4.3.3纪念馆

英文翻译模板-(户口本全本)

Household Register Under Supervision of the Ministry of Public Security of P. R. C. ANNOUNCEMENTS 1.Household register has the legal validity that certifies the attorney ship of a citizen and the

relationship of family members, and it is the main reference for the censor and checkup of domiciliary register which is undertaking by the household registration authority. When the functionary of household registration authority censor and verify the household register, the householder and members of this family shall take the initiative in presenting the household register. 2.The householder shall take the household register in safekeeping; the household register is prohibited to be altered, transferred and leased. When the household register is lost, the household registration authority should be informed. 3.The right for registering the household register shall be performed by the household registration authority; any other unit and individual shall not make any records on the booklet. 4.The member of this family shall go to the household registration authority for transacting the declaration and registration, applying bring with the booklet, in case of the increase and decrease of the members and the alteration of registration items. 5.In case of that the whole family moves out of the residency, the household register shall be turned in and cancelled. Record of Dwelling Address Alteration

选矿专业英语

1 总论 采矿mining 地下采矿underground mining 露天采矿open cut mining, open pit mining, surface mining 采矿工程mining engineering 选矿(学)mineral dressing, ore beneficiation, mineral processing 矿物工程mineral engineering 冶金(学)metallurgy 过程冶金(学)process metallurgy 提取冶金(学)extractive metallurgy 化学冶金(学)chemical metallurgy 物理冶金(学)physical metallurgy 金属学Metallkunde 冶金过程物理化学physical chemistry of process metallurgy 冶金反应工程学metallurgical reaction engineering 冶金工程metallurgical engineering 钢铁冶金(学)ferrous metallurgy, metallurgy of iron and steel 有色冶金(学)nonferrous metallurgy 真空冶金(学)vacuum metallurgy 等离子冶金(学)plasma metallurgy 微生物冶金(学)microbial metallurgy 喷射冶金(学)injection metallurgy 钢包冶金(学)ladle metallurgy 二次冶金(学)secondary metallurgy 机械冶金(学)mechanical metallurgy 焊接冶金(学)welding metallurgy 粉末冶金(学)powder metallurgy 铸造学foundry 火法冶金(学)pyrometallurgy 湿法冶金(学)hydrometallurgy 电冶金(学)electrometallurgy 氯冶金(学)chlorine metallurgy 矿物资源综合利用engineering of comprehensive utilization of mineral resources 中国金属学会The Chinese Society for Metals 中国有色金属学会The Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2 采矿 采矿工艺mining technology 有用矿物valuable mineral 冶金矿产原料metallurgical mineral raw materials 矿床mineral deposit 特殊采矿specialized mining 海洋采矿oceanic mining, marine mining 矿田mine field

景点英文翻译

景点 西湖West Lake 西湖十景: 1.苏堤春晓Spring Dawn at Su Causeway 2.曲苑风荷Lotus Stirred by Breeze in Quyuan Garden 3.平湖秋月Autumn Moon over the Calm Lake 4.断桥残雪Melting Snow Scene on the Broken Bridge 5.柳浪闻莺Orioles Singing in the Willows 6.花港观鱼Viewing Fish at Flower Pond 7.雷峰西照Leifeng Pagoda Silhouette adainst the Sunset 8.双峰插云Doubles Peaks Kissing the Sky 9.南屏晚钟Evening Bell Ringing at Nanping Hill 10.三潭印月Three Pools Mirroring the Moon 常用的景观英文翻译 中国古典园林classical Chinese garden 中国传统园林traditional Chinese garden 中国古代园林ancient Chinese garden 中国山水园Chinese mountain and water garden 帝王宫苑imperial palace garden 皇家园林royal garden 私家园林private garden 江南园林garden on the Yangtze Delta 西方古典园林western classical garden 英国式园林English style garden 中英混合式园林AngloChinese style garden 意大利式园林Italian style garden 西班牙式园林Spainish style garden 法兰西式园林French style garden 勒诺特尔式园林Le Notre's style garden 文艺复兴庄园Renaissance style garden 洛可可式园林Rococo style garden 巴洛克式园林Baroque style garden 庄园manor,villa garden 廊柱园peristyle garden,patio 绿廊xystus 迷阵maze,labyrinth 灵囿Ling You Hunting Garden 周代术语 灵沼Ling Zhao Water Garden 周代术语 灵台Ling Tai Platform Garden 周代术语 阿房宫E-Pang Palace 秦代术语 上林苑ShangLin Yuan 汉代术语 未央宫WeiYang Palace 汉代术语

园林术语翻译

园林学 landscape architecture, garden ar-chitecture 造园学 garden making, landscape garden-ing 环境园艺学 environmental horticulture 观赏园艺学 ornamental horticulture 园林艺术 garden art 园林美学 garden aesthetics 园林建筑学 garden architecture 园林建筑 garden building 园林工程 garden engineering 园林植物 landscape plant 观赏植物 ornamental plant 盆景 miniature landscape, penjing 园林 garden and park 园林学史 history of garden architecture 园林规划 garden planning, landscaping planning 园林设计 garden design 园林机具设备gardening machine 园林管理 garden management 园林生态 landscape ecology 绿化 greening, planting 环境绿化 environmental greening 绿地面积 green area 绿地率 ratio of green space 城市绿化覆盖率urban green coverage 工厂绿化 factory greening, factory garden-ing 街道绿化 street greening, street planting 车行道绿化driveway greening 分车带绿化dividing stripe greening 人行道绿化sidewalk greening 群众绿化 mass planting movement 郊区绿化 suburban greening 公路绿化 highway greening 铁路绿化 railway greening, railway planting 堤岸种植 bank planting 阳台绿化 balcony greening 窗台绿化 window-sill greening 屋顶绿化 roof greening 垂直绿化 vertical greening 攀缘绿化 climber greening 桥头绿化 bridgehead greening 花园 garden 专类花园 specified flower garden 花园村 garden village 园林城市 landscape garden city

(整理)常用景观英语翻译

常用的景观英文翻译(1) classical Chinese garden 中国古典园林 Chinese mountain and water garden 中国山水园 imperial palace garden 帝王宫苑 royal garden 皇家园林 private garden 私家园林 garden on the Yangtze Delta 江南园林 western classical garden 西方古典园林 English style. garden 英国式园林AngloChinese style. garden 中英混合式园林 Le Notre's style. garden Renaissance style. garden 文艺复兴庄园 Rococo style. garden 洛可可式园林 Baroque style. garden 巴洛克式园林 manor,villa garden 庄园 peristyle. garden,patio 柱廊园 xystus 绿廊 灵囿Ling You Hunting Garden 周代术语 灵沼Ling Zhao Water Garden 周代术语 灵台Ling Tai Platform. Garden 周代术语 阿房宫E-Pang Palace 秦代术语 上林苑ShangLin Yuan 汉代术语 未央宫WeiYang Palace 汉代术语 洛阳宫Luoyang Palace 魏代术语 华清宫Hua-Qing Palace 唐代术语 艮岳Gen Yue Imperial Garden 宋代术语 圆明园Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden

园林景观专业英语词汇

园林景观专业英语词汇 园林景观专业英语词汇 规划planning 草图sketch;rough map 平面plan 剖面section 立面elevation 透视perspective 示意图diagram 容积率coverage 城市设计urban design; civic design 区域规划regional planning 步行轴ped axis 总体规划general planning; master planning 分区规划district planning 近期建设规划immediate plan 城市详细规划detailed planning 控制性详细规划control detailed planning 修建性详细规划site plan 居住区规划residential district planning 城市化urbanization

城市生态urban ecology 可持续发展sustainable development 历史文化名城保护规划Plan of Preservation of Historic Cities 旧城改建urban redevelopment 开发区development area 城市化水平urbanization level 城市群agglomeration 城镇体系urban system 卫星城satellite town 城市基础设施urban infrastructure 居民点settlement 市municipality; city 生态基础设施ecological infrastructure 牧场pasture 市域administrative region of a city 商业区commercial district 行政中心administration center 商业街commercial street 科技园technological region 校园规划campus planning 城市中心区urban center district

冶金专业英语大全

coking plant 炼焦厂electrometallurgy 电冶金学powder metallurgy 粉末冶金学 blast furnace 鼓风炉mouth, throat 炉口hopper, chute 料斗stack 炉身belly 炉腰bosh 炉腹crucible 炉缸slag tap 放渣口taphole 出铁口,出渣口pig bed 铸床 mould 铸模(美作:mold) tuyere, nozzle 风口ingot mould 锭模(美作:ingot mold) floor 平台hearth 炉底charger 装料机ladle 铁水包,钢水包dust catcher 除尘器washer 洗涤塔converter 转炉hoist 卷扬机compressor 压缩机tilting mixer 可倾式混铁炉regenerator 蓄热室heat exchanger 热交换器gas purifier 煤气净化器turbocompressor 涡轮压缩机burner 烧嘴cupola 化铁炉,冲天炉emptier 排空装置trough 铁水沟,排渣沟skip 料车rolling mill 轧机,轧钢机blooming mill 初轧机 roller 辊bed 底座rolling-mill housing 轧机机架drawbench 拔管机,拉丝机 drawplate 拉模板shaft furnace 竖炉refining furnace 精炼炉 reverberatory furnace 反射炉hearth furnace 床式反射炉firebrick lining 耐火砖衬retort 反应罐muffle 马弗炉roof, arch 炉顶forge 锻造press 压锻pile hammer 打桩锤drop hammer 落锤die 拉模blowlamp 吹炬(美作:blowtorch)crusher 破碎机 iron ore 铁矿石coke 焦炭bauxite 铁钒土alumina 铝cryolite 冰晶石flux 熔剂limestone flux 石灰石溶剂haematite 赤铁矿(美作:hematite)gangue 脉石 cast iron 铸铁cast iron ingot 铸铁锭slag 炉渣soft iron 软铁pig iron 生铁 wrought iron 熟铁iron ingot 铁锭puddled iron 搅炼熟铁round iron 圆铁 scrap iron 废铁steel 钢crude steel 粗钢mild steel, soft steel 软钢,低碳钢 hard steel 硬钢cast steel 坩埚钢,铸钢stainless steel 不锈钢electric steel 电工钢,电炉钢high-speed steel 高速钢moulded steel 铸钢refractory steel 热强钢,耐热钢 alloy steel 合金钢plate, sheet 薄板corrugated iron 瓦垅薄钢板tinplate, tin 马口铁finished product 成品,产品semifinished product 半成品,中间产品ferrous products 铁制品coiled sheet 带状薄板bloom 初轧方坯metal strip, metal band 铁带,钢带 billet 坯锭,钢坯shavings 剃边profiled bar 异型钢材shape, section 型钢angle iron 角钢frit 烧结wire 线材ferronickel 镍铁elinvar 镍铬恒弹性钢ferrite 铁氧体,铁醇盐cementite 渗碳体,碳化铁pearlite 珠光体charging, loading 装料,炉料fusion, melting, s melting 熔炼remelting 再熔化,重熔refining 精炼casting 出铁to cast 出铁 tapping 出渣,出钢,出铁to insufflate, to inject 注入heating 加热preheating 预热tempering 回火temper 回火hardening 淬水annealing 退火reduction 还原 cooling 冷却decarbonization, decarburization 脱碳coking 炼焦slagging, scorification 造渣carburization 渗碳case hardening 表面硬化cementation 渗碳fritting, sintering 烧结puddling 搅炼pulverization 粉化,雾化nitriding 渗氮alloy 合金floatation, flotation 浮选patternmaking 制模moulding 成型(美作:molding)calcination 煅烧amalgamation 汞齐化rolling 轧制drawing 拉拔extrusion 挤压wiredrawing 拉丝stamping, pressing 冲压die casting 拉模铸造forging 锻造turning 车削milling 铣削machining, tooling 加工autogenous welding, fusion welding 氧炔焊arc welding 电弧焊electrolysis 电解trimming 清理焊缝blowhole 气孔采矿mining地下采矿underground mining 露天采矿open cut mining, open pit mining, surface mining 采矿工程mining engineering 选矿(学)mineral dressing, ore beneficiation, mineral pr ocessing 矿物工程mineral engineering冶金(学)metallurgy 过程冶金(学)process metallurgy 提取冶金(学)extractive metallurgy 化学冶金(学)chemical metallurgy 物理冶金(学)physical metallurgy 金属学Metallkunde 冶金过程物理化学physical chemistry of process metallurgy

常用的景观英文翻译1-2

常用的景观英文翻译 中国古典园林 classical Chinese garden 中国传统园林 traditional Chinese garden 中国古代园林 ancient Chinese garden 中国山水园 Chinese mountain and water garden 帝王宫苑 imperial palace garden 皇家园林 royal garden 私家园林 private garden 江南园林 garden on the Yangtze Delta 西方古典园林 western classical garden 英国式园林 English style garden 中英混合式园林 AngloChinese style garden 意大利式园林 Italian style garden 西班牙式园林 Spainish style garden 法兰西式园林 French style garden 勒诺特尔式园林 Le Notre's style garden 文艺复兴庄园 Renaissance style garden 洛可可式园林 Rococo style garden 巴洛克式园林 Baroque style garden 庄园 manor,villa garden 廊柱园 peristyle garden,patio 绿廊 xystus 迷阵 maze,labyrinth 灵囿 Ling You Hunting Garden 周代术语 灵沼 Ling Zhao Water Garden 周代术语 灵台 Ling Tai Platform Garden 周代术语 阿房宫 E-Pang Palace 秦代术语 上林苑 ShangLin Yuan 汉代术语 未央宫 WeiYang Palace 汉代术语 洛阳宫 Luoyang Palace 魏代术语 华清宫 Hua-Qing Palace 唐代术语 艮岳 Gen Yue Imperial Garden 宋代术语 圆明园 Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden 颐和园 Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden 承德避暑山庄 Chengde Imperial Summer Resort 苏州园林 Suzhou traditional garden 悬园 Hanging Garden 又称“悬空园”,“架高园”。 英国皇家植物园 Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden 又称“邱园”。凡尔赛宫苑 Versailles Palace Park 枫丹白露宫园 Fontainebleau Palace Garden 景 view,scenery,feature 远景 distant view 近景 nearby view 障景 obstructive scenery, blocking view 又称“抑景”。

英文翻译 模板

目录 Housing Consumption and Economic Growth in China (2) 住房消费和经济增长在中国 (10) 摘要 (10) 关键词: (10) 一、介绍 (11) 二、方法 (11) c .固定式测试 (12) d .协整检验 (12) E大肠误差修正模型(ECM)[6] (13) f.格兰杰因果关系检验 (13) 三、应用程序和结果 (14) a .数据和变量 (14) b .固定式测试 (14) e系列是平稳序列 (14) d .误差修正模型 (14) 四、结论 (15) 引用 (15)

Housing Consumption and Economic Growth in China Wang XJ (Wang Xijun) School of Economics & Management, Weifang University of China, xjwang69@https://www.360docs.net/doc/2018815228.html, Abstract: Consumption is a very important part in social reproduction, and its driving effect on social economic growth always plays the leading role. Housing is the basic living material which is essential for people?s life; housing consumption is the important material condition for the labor force reproduction. This study, based on China?s statistical data from 1985 to 2007,by employing co-integration theory, Granger causality test and error correction model (ECM),respectively investigates the relationship between consumption, housing consumption and economic growth. The empirical result denotes that there exists bilateral Granger causality relationship between consumption and economic growth. For a long period, there exists long term stable equilibrium relationship between GDP, consumption, and housing consumption; consumption and housing consumption both promote the growth of GDP. Housing consumption?s contribution to the growth of GDP is obviously higher than consumption. For a short period, consumption spurs the growth of GDP more than housing consumption. Keywords:Housing consumption; Economic growth; Co-integration ; ECM; Granger causality test I. INTRODUCTION Consumption is a very important part in social reproduction, and its driving

园林专业英语词汇

园林学landscape architecture, garden architecture 园林garden and park 绿化greening, planting 城市绿化urban green, urban planting 城市绿地urban green space 公园绿地public park 公园park 儿童公园children park 动物园zoo 植物园botanical garden 墓园cemetery garden 盆景园penjing garden, miniature landscape 盲人公园park for the blind 花园garden 历史名园historical garden and park 风景名胜公园famous scenic park 纪念公园memorial park 街旁绿地roadside green space 带状公园linear park 专类公园theme park 岩石园rock garden 社区公园community park 生产绿地productive plantation area 防护绿地green buffer, green area for environmental protection 附属绿地attached green space 居住绿地green space attachéd to housing estate, residential green space 道路绿地green space attached to urban road and square 屋顶花园roof garden 立体绿化vertical planting 风景林地scenic forest land 城市绿地系统urban green space system 城市绿地系统规划urban green space system planning 绿地覆盖面积green coverage 绿地覆盖率percentage of greenery coverage 绿地率greening rate, ratio of green space 绿带green belt 楔形绿地green wedge 城市绿地boundary line of urban green space 园林史landscape history, garden history 古典园林classical garden 囿hunting park 苑imperial park 皇家园林royal garden 私家园林private garden 寺庙园林monastery garden

专业英语翻译

3 Earthquakes Earthquakes is trembling or shaking movement of the Earth’s surface.Most earthquakes are minor https://www.360docs.net/doc/2018815228.html,rger earthquakes usually begin with slight tremors but rapidly take the form of one or more violent shocks,and end in vibrations of gradually diminishing force called aftershocks.The subterranean point of origin of an earthquake is called its focus;the point on the surface directly above the focus is the epicenter .The magnitude and intensity of an earthquake is determined by the use of scales,e.g.,the Richter scale and Mercalli scale. Most earthquakes are causally related to compressional stress or tensional stress built up at the margins of the huge moving lithospheric plates that make up the Earth’s surface.The immediate cause of most shallow earthquakes is the sudden release of stress along a fault,or fracture in the Earth’s crust resulting in moving of the opposing blocks of rock past one another.These movements cause vibrations to pass through and around the Earth in wave form,just as ripples are generated when a pebble is dropped into water.V olcanic eruption,rockfalls,landslides,and explosions can also cause a quake,but most of these are of only local extent. 6 Evidence from radiometric dating indicates that the Earth is about 4,570 million years old.Geologists have divided Earth’s history into a series of time intervals.These time intervals are not equal in length like the hours in a day.Instead the time intervals are variable in length.Different spans of time on the time scale are usually delimited by major geological or paleontological events,such as varying rock type or fossils within the strata and mass extinctions.For example,the boundary between the Cretaceous period and the Paleogene period is defined by the first appearance of animals with hard parts. The geologic time scale was formulated during 地震 地震颤动或发抖运动的地球表面。大部分地震是轻微地震。大地震通常开始轻微的颤动而迅速采取一个或更猛烈冲击的形式,并最终在逐渐减少振动的力称为余震。地震起源的地下点称为重心;表面上以上的重点是中心点。地震的震级和强度的尺度,确定使用例如,李希特尺度和麦加利震级。 大部分地震是因果关系的压应力或拉应力建立在巨大岩石圈板块的运动,使地球表面的空间。最浅的地震的直接原因是沿断层应力的突然释放,或断裂在地壳导致岩石过去彼此对立块体运动。这些运动引起的振动通过环绕地球以波的形式,就像涟漪时产生一个石子投进水中。火山喷发,崩塌,滑坡,和爆炸也可以引起地震,但这些只是局部性的范围。 证据来自辐射测年表明,地球的年龄大约是4570000000岁。地质学家划分地球历史划分成一系列的时间。这些时间间隔的长度像一天中的时间是不相等的。相反,时间间隔的长度是可变的。时间在时间尺度不同跨度通常是由主要的地质或古生物事件分隔的,如不同的地层和大规模物种灭绝的岩石或化石类型。例如,白垩纪和古近纪是用坚硬的部分动物的第一次出现定义之间的边界。

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