《全等三角形的判定》练习(含答案)

《全等三角形的判定》练习(含答案)
《全等三角形的判定》练习(含答案)

全等三角形的判定

一、选择题

1.小明不小心把一块三角形形状的玻璃打碎成了三块,如图①②③,他想要到玻璃店去配一块大小形状完全一样的玻璃,你认为应带( )

A .①

B .②

C .③

D .①和②

【答案】C .

【解析】解带③去可以利用“角边角”得到全等的三角形.

故选C .

2.如图,已知:∠A=∠D ,∠1=∠2,下列条件中能使△ABC ≌△DEF 的是(

A .∠E=∠

B B .ED=B

C C .AB=EF

D .AF=CD

【答案】D .

【解析】添加AF=CD ,

∵AF=CD ,

∴AF+FC=CD+FC ,

∴AC=FD ,

在△ABC 和△DEF 中

12

A D

AC DF ∠=∠??=??∠=∠?,

∴△ABC ≌△DEF (ASA ),

故选D .

3.下列关于两个三角形全等的说法:

①三个角对应相等的两个三角形全等;

②三条边对应相等的两个三角形全等;

③有两角和其中一个角的对边对应相等的两个三角形全等;

④有两边和一个角对应相等的两个三角形全等.

正确的说法个数是( )

A .1个

B .2个

C .3个

D .4个

【答案】B .

【解析】①不正确,因为判定三角形全等必须有边的参与;

②正确,符合判定方法SSS ;

③正确,符合判定方法AAS ;

④不正确,此角应该为两边的夹角才能符合SAS .

所以正确的说法有两个.

故选B .

4.在△ABC 和△A ˊB ′C ′中,已知∠A=∠A ′,AB=A ′B ′,在下面判断中错误的是( )

A .若添加条件AC=A ′C ′,则△ABC ≌△A ′

B ′

C ′

B .若添加条件BC=B ′

C ′,则△ABC ≌△A ′B ′C ′

C .若添加条件∠B=∠B ′,则△ABC ≌△A ′B ′C ′

D .若添加条件∠C=∠C ′,则△ABC ≌△A ′B ′C ′

【答案】B.

【解析】A ,正确,符合SAS 判定;

B ,不正确,因为边B

C 与B ′C ′不是∠A 与∠A ′的一边,所以不能推出两三角形全等;

C ,正确,符合AAS 判定;

D ,正确,符合ASA 判定;

故选B .

5.如图,在等腰△ABC 中,AB=AC ,∠A=20°,AB 上一点D 使AD=BC ,过点D 作DE ∥BC 且DE=AB ,连接EC ,则∠DCE 的度数为( )

A .80°

B .70°

C .60°

D .45°

【答案】B.

【解析】如图所示,连接AE .

∵AE=DE,

∴∠ADE=∠DAE,

∵DE∥BC,

∴∠DAE=∠ADE=∠B,

∵AB=AC,∠BAC=20°,

∴∠DAE=∠ADE=∠B=∠ACB=80°,

在△ADE 与△CBA 中,

DAE ACB AD BC

ADE B ∠=∠??=??∠=∠?

∴AE=AC,∠AED=∠BAC=20°,

∵∠CAE=∠DAE﹣∠BAC=80°﹣20°=60°,

∴△ACE 是等边三角形,

∴CE=AC=AE=DE,∠AEC=∠ACE=60°,

∴△DCE 是等腰三角形,

∴∠CDE=∠DCE,

∴∠DEC=∠AEC﹣∠AED=40°,

∴∠DCE=∠CDE=(180﹣40°)÷2=70°.

故选B .

6.如图:AB=AC ,∠B=∠C,且AB=5,AE=2,则EC 的长为( )

A .2

B .3

C .5

D .2.5

【答案】B.

【解析】在△ABE 与△ACF 中,

∵A A

AB AC B C

∠=∠

??=??∠=∠?,

∴△ABE≌△ACF(ASA ),

∴AC=AB=5

∴EC=AC﹣AE=5﹣2=3,

故选B.

二、填空题.

7.如图,AB=AC ,要使△ABE≌△ACD,依据ASA ,应添加的一个条件是

【答案】∠C=∠B .

【解析】添加∠C=∠B,

在△ACD 和△ABE 中,

A A

AB AC C B

∠=∠??=??∠=∠?,

8.如图,AB∥CF,E 为DF 中点,AB=20,CF=15,则

BD=

5 .

【答案】5.

【解析】∵AB∥FC,

∴∠ADE=∠EFC,

∵E 是DF 的中点,

∴DE=EF,

在△ADE 与△CFE 中,

ADE EFC DE EF

AED CEF ∠=∠??=??∠=∠?

, ∴△ADE≌△CFE,

∴AD=CF,

∵AB=20,CF=15,

∴BD=AB﹣AD=20﹣15=5.

9.如图,∠1=∠2,∠3=∠4,BC=5,则BD= .

【答案】5. 【解析】∵∠ABD+∠3=180°∠ABC+∠4=180°,且∠3=∠4,

∴∠ABD=∠ABC

在△ADB 和△ACB 中,

1=2AB AB

ABD ABC ∠∠??=??∠=∠?

, ∴△ADB≌△ACB(ASA ),

∴BD=BC=5.

10.如图,要测量一条小河的宽度AB 的长,可以在小河的岸边作AB 的垂线 MN ,然后在MN 上取两点C ,D ,使BC=CD ,再画出MN 的垂线DE ,并使点E 与点A ,C 在一条直线上,这时测得DE 的长就是AB 的长,其中用到的数学原理是: .

【答案】ASA ,全等三角形对应边相等 .

【解析】∵AB⊥MN,DE⊥MN,

∴∠ABC=∠EDC=90°,

在△ABC 和△EDC 中,

ABC EDC BC DC

ACB ECD ∠=∠??=??∠=∠?

, ∴△ABC≌△EDC(ASA ),

∴DE=AB.

11.如图,在四边形ABCD 中,AB∥DC,AD∥BC,对角线AC 、BD 相交于点O ,则图中的一对全等三角形

为 .(写出一对即可)

【答案】△ABC ≌△ADC.

【解析】△ABC≌△ADC,理由如下:

∵AB∥DC,AD∥BC,

∴∠BAC=∠DCA,∠DAC=∠BCA,

在△ABC 与△ADC 中,

BAC DCA AC CA

DAC BCA ∠=∠??=??∠=∠?

, ∴△ABC≌△ADC(ASA ),

∴AB=DC,BC=DA ,

在△ABO 与△CDO 中,

BAO DCO AOB COD AB CD ∠=∠??∠=∠??=?

∴△ABO≌△CDO(AAS ),

同理可得:△BCO≌△DAO,

三、解答题

12.如图,点A ,B ,C ,D 在同一条直线上,AB=FC ,∠A=∠F,∠EBC=∠FCB.求证:BE=CD .

【答案】证明见解析.

【解析】∵∠EBC=∠FCB,∠EBC+∠ABE=180°,∠FCB+∠FCD=180°,

∴∠ABE=∠FCD,

在△ABE 与△FCD 中,

A F A

B FC

ABE FCD ∠=∠??=??∠=∠?

∴△ABE≌△FCD(ASA ),

∴BE=CD.

13.如图,点D 在AB 上,DF 交AC 于点E ,CF∥AB,AE=EC .求证:AD=CF .

【答案】答案见解析.

【解析】∵CF∥AB,

∴∠A=∠ACF,∠ADE=∠CFE.

在△ADE 和△CFE 中,

A ACF ADE CFE AE EC ∠=∠??∠=∠??=?

∴△ADE≌△CFE(AAS ).

∴AD=CF.

14. 如图,锐角△ABC 中,∠BAC=60°,O 是BC 边上的一点,连接AO ,以AO 为边向两侧作等边△AOD 和等边△AOE,分别与边AB ,AC 交于点F ,G .求证:AF=AG .

【答案】答案见解析.

【解析】∵△AOD 和△AOE 是等边三角形,

∴∠E=∠AOF=60°,AE=AO ,∠OAE=60°,

∵∠BAC=60°,

∴∠FAO=∠EAG=60°﹣∠CAO, 在△AFO 和△AGE 中, FAO EAG AO AE

AOF E ∠=∠??=??∠=∠?

, ∴△AFO≌△AGE(ASA ), ∴AF=AG.

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2、设矩阵A 和B 满足B A E AB +=+2,其中??? ? ? ??=101020101A ,求矩阵B . 四、(10分)求齐次线性方程组???????=++-=-++=--+-=++-024********* 432143214 3214321x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 的基础解系和它的通解. 五、(10分)设三元非齐次线性方程组b Ax =的增广矩阵为 2六、(10(1(2(3(41. 2、(单 (1)做矩阵53?A 表示2011年工厂i a 产矿石j b 的数量)5,4,3,2,1;3,2,1(==j i ;

(2)通过矩阵运算计算三个工厂在2011年的生产总值. 模拟试题二 一、 判断题(正确的打√,不正确的打?)(每小题2分,共10分) ()1、设,A B 为n 阶方阵,则A B A B +=+; ()2、可逆矩阵A 总可以只经若干次初等行变换化为单位矩阵E ; ()3、设矩阵A 的秩为r ,则A 中所有1-r 阶子式必不是零; ()4、若12,x x ξξ==是非齐次线性方程组Ax b =的解,则12x ξξ=+也是该方程组的解. ()5、n 阶对称矩阵一定有n 个线性无关的特征向量。 123、设4、(33α5一; 67、设向量(1,2,1)T α=--,β=()T 2,,2λ-正交,则λ=; 8、设3阶矩阵A 的行列式|A |=8,已知A 有2个特征值-1和4,则另一特征值为。 三、计算题(每小题8分,共16分) 1、设矩阵??? ? ??=???? ??--=1201,1141B A ,求矩阵AB 和BA 。

(英语)中考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案

(英语)中考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案 一、英语阅读(日常生活类) 1.阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。 If you look at the top of your phone, you'll usually see a little symbol that says 3G or 4G. The "G" stands for the "generation" (代)of your mobile network. But the symbols will become things of the past after 5G networks fully arrive. On March 30, Shanghai vice-mayor Wu Qing made the first 5G video call on a Huawei Mate X Smartphone. Shanghai has also become the first city in China to start testing 5G networks. About 100 times faster than 4G networks, 5G will let people download and upload data(数据) faster than ever before. But 5G won't just bring faster mobile internet. People can use it for many other things as well. For example, 5G will help to make self-driving cars safer. Today's self-driving test cars have one problem-lag(延迟). When the car "sees" an obstacle(障碍物), it sends this information to a data center and receives instructions, However, it will be some time before it sends and receives this information. With this kind of lag, the cars might crash because they don't receive instructions in time. With 5G, this lag will be greatly lowered, making the cars safer. 5G could also be used to power the internet of things (IoT), that is, a large online network that connects all things and people. Fast internet speeds will be the key to developing this technology. The IoT could be used in a lot of ways. For example, with IoT, your refrigerator could automatically (自动地) place an order online for eggs when it finds that there are no eggs left inside. (1)Which city was 5G tested for the first time? A. Beijing. B. Shanghai. C. Shenzhen. (2)What can we infer(推测) according to the passage?. A. 5G is widely used in China now. B. 5G networks will make our lives more convenient. C. There are no symbols at the top of our phones. (3)The writer uses self-driving cars as an example to . A. explain how 5G's fast speed can be helpful B. warn about the possible dangers of self-driving cars C. explain how self-driving cars work (4)What is IoT according to the passage? A. A robot that can do housework. B. An online store where you can buy anything. C. A large online network that connects things and people. (5)Which sentence is right according to the passage? A. 5G will help us buy eggs quickly. B. Robots can help us buy eggs online. C. Our refrigerator can order eggs online for us. 【答案】(1)B

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