初中外语形容词语法功能及使用解析

?形容词：

简称adj.或a，形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态，和特征的程度好坏与否，形容词在句中作定语，表语，宾语补足语。

她是一个好学生，她学习努力。She is a good student, and she works hard.

这辆自行车很贵。This bike is expensive.

对不起,我现在很忙。I am sorry, I'm busy now.

你为这次会议做好准备了吗? Have you got everything ready for the

meeting?

?形容词的语法功能：

一、作定语

He is the greatest writer alive.他是依然健在的伟大的作家。

Somewone else has done it.别人已经做了这事。

二、作补语

形容词做主语补足语和宾语补足语时,可以表示其现状、状态，也可以表示某一动作的结果，并常用在表示“认为，看待”的动词如believe，prove，consider 等候。例如：

The news made her sad.这消息使他感到非常悲伤。

Don't marry young.不要早婚。

三、作状语

形容词或形容词短语可作状语，形容词作状语时，可以看作是“being+形容词”

结构的省略，可表示时间、原因、条件、方式、强调或伴随状况等意义。例如：Enthusiastic，they are co-operative.热心的时候他们是很合作的。

Rich or poor, young or old, we all have problems.不管是穷人还是富人，不管是年轻人还是老人，我们都有问题。

四、做表语

The ship was adrift on unknown seas．那艘船在陌生的海域漂流。

五、做主语

Old and young joined the discussion.

Rich or poor meant the same to him.作感叹语

Very good!Say it again.

Stupid!He must be crasy.

形容词的几个特殊用法：

most 同形容词连用而不用the, 表示" 极,很,非常, 十分"。

It's most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。

I cannot do it, it's most difficult. 我干不了这件事，太难了。

"The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级..." 表示" 越... 就越..."。

The more you study, the more you know. 你学的越多, 就知道的越多。

The more I have, the more I want. 我越有就越想要有。

The more, the better. 越多越好。

" 形容词比较级+ and + 形容词比较级", 表示" 越来越... "。

It's getting hotter and hotter. 天气越来越热了.

It's pity he is getting poorer and poorer. 真可怜他越来越穷了。

The computer is cheaper and cheaper. 计算机越来越便宜。

The more and more people focus on the meeting next year. 越来越多的人关注明年的会议。

主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。

This box is as big as mine. 这个盒子和我的一样大。

This coat is as cheap as that one. 这件衣服同那件衣服一样便宜。

I study English as hard as my brother. 我同我兄弟一样学习努力。

the + 形容词表示某种人。

He always helps the poor. 他经常帮助穷人。

I like to have a talk with the young. 我喜欢同年轻人谈话。

The rich sometimes complain their empty life. 富人有时抱怨他们空虚的生活。

The police led the old man across the street. 警察领老人横过马路。

以-ly结尾的形容词

1）大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，brotherly，仍为形容词。

改错：(错）She sang lovely. （错）He spoke to me very friendly.

（对）Her singing was lovely. （对）He spoke to me in a very

friendly way.

2）有些以-ly 结尾的词既为形容词，也为副词。

daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early

The Times is a daily paper.

The Times is published daily.

too+adj.+to句型“太…而不能”

He is too young to go to school.

=He isn’t old enough to go to school.

=He is so young that he can’t go to school.

形容词的位置:

1.形容词一般放在名词前作定语

单个形容词修饰名词时，一般要放在名词的前面。它们的前面常常带有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、数词等。例如：

a red flower一朵红花

an interesting story一个有趣的故事

six blind men 六个盲人

my own house我自己的房子

如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，则由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定，越密切的形容词越靠近名词。

如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面，音节多的形容词放在后面。

2.当形容词所修饰的词是由some,any,every,no等构成的不定代词时，形容词必须置于名词之后。例如：

She has something new to tell me. 她有一些新的情况告诉我。

I have nothing important to do today. 今天我没有重要的工作要做。

Do you know anybody else here? 这儿你还有认识的人吗？

3.形容词后面有介词短语或不定式短语时，形容词必须置于名词之后。例如：

It is a problem difficult to work out. 这是一道难以解决的问题。

Edison is a student difficult to teach. 爱迪生是个很难教的学生。

This is a kind of flowers easy to grow. 这是一种易栽的花。

4.用and 或or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。例如：

All people,young or old,should be strict with themselves.

所有的人，无论老少，都应该严格要求自己。

We are building a new school, modern and super.

我们正在建一所现代化的高档次的新型学校。

All countries, rich and poor, should help one another. 所有的国家，无论穷富都应该互相帮助。

5.有少数形容词，如enough和possible，既可置于所修饰的名词前面也可以置于它所修饰的名词之后。例如：

Do you have enough time(time enough)to prepare?你有足够的时间做准备吗？

Maybe it will be a possible chance(chance possible)for you.或许它将成为

一次可能的机遇。

6.有些形容词，置于名词之前与之后，含义不尽相同。例如：

the writer present 出席的作者

the present writer 现在的作者

7.表示长，宽，高，深，及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。

This river is about 100 metres wide.

The building is more than 50 metres tall.

He is less than 40 years old.

8. enough修饰名词时，在名词前后都可以。

They said that they had enough food.= They said that they had food enough.

enough 修饰形容词和副词，位于其后。

He is old enough to join the army.

He isn’t old enough to go to school.

9.形容词else通常放在疑问代词，疑问副词或不定代词后

what/who/where/when/when else

something/anything/nothing…else

What else did you do?

Do you have anything else to say?

10.由两个或两个以上的词组成的形容词词组修饰名词时须放在名词之后。This is the book easy to read.

这是一本容易读的书。

形容词知识拓展:

名词化的形容词：

有些形容词可以和定冠词连用，表示一类人或事物，这时，它相当于一个名词，可作主语或宾语；

表示一类人时，看作复数，表示一类事物时，通常看作单数。

Robin Hooh(罗宾汉) hated the rich and loved the poor.

The old are taken good care of in American.

the+形容词，常见的短语有：

the old/the young/the sick/the white/

the black/the rich/the poor/the dead(死者)

形似副词的形容词：

以-ly结尾的词通常是副词，但是下列词为形容词。

friendly lonely (孤独的) ；lively (活着的)；lovely(可爱的)

复合形容词的类型：

(1)名词+过去分词man-made satellite 人造卫星

(2)形容词+现在分词 a good-looking man

(3)形容词+名词second-hand cars

(4)数词+名词-ed three-legged chairs三条腿的椅子

(5)数词+名词400- metre race

(6)副词+现在分词hard-working students

(7)副词+过去分词well-known writers

(8)形容词+形容词 a dark-red jacket

(9)形容词+过去分词ready-made clothes 成品服装

含有形容词的常用句型：

(1) It’s+adj. of sb. to do sth.

(good/ kind/nice/polite/clever/foolish…)

It’s very kind of you to help me.

(2) It’s +adj. for sb. to do sth.

(difficult/easy/hard/dangerous/usefulinteresting/important…) It’s important for us to learn English well.

(3)下列形容词后常跟动词不定式

表示情感或情绪的形容词：glad,pleased,sorry,sad,afraid,thankful… I'm glad to see you.

表示能力，意志或推测的形容词：ready,able,sure,certain…

I’m sorry to hear that.

某些现在分词和过去分词可作形容词

the moving story 令人感动的故事

a moved boy 一个被感动的男孩

a frightened child 一个被吓到的孩子

a frightening film 一个恐怖电影

形容词的语法功能

形容词的语法功能一、形容词的一般用法 1.作定语，一般放在所修饰词的前面。例如：It’s a cold and windy day. 2.作表语，放在系动词（be，feel，look，smell，get，become等）的后面。例如：He looks happy today. 3.形容词修饰something，anything，nothing，everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。例如：I have something important to tell you.. 4.表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。（构成：数词+单位词+形容词）例如：How long is the river？It’s about two hundred metres long. 5.else 只能做后置定语，修饰疑问代词what，who，whom，whose等。以及不定代词 something，anything，nothing，somebody，anybody，nobody等。例如：What else would you like ？ 6.只能作定语的形容词：little小的；only唯一的；wooden木质的；woolen羊毛质的；elder 年长的；复合形容词kind-hearted善良的，man-made人造的，take-away可带走的等。（常见的复合形容词：snow-white雪白的English-speaking说英语的；glass-topped玻璃罩的；full-time全日制的；well-known众所周知的；kind-hearted善良的；man-made人造的；take-away可以带走的；ten-year-old十岁的）例如：My elder brother is in Beijing.

初中英语语法之形容词、副词

2013年实验中学初三英语复习学案萧东来2013-04 初中英语语法之形容词、副词形容词：一、形容词的一般用法 1.作定语，一般放在所修饰词的前面。例如，It’s a cold and windy day. 2.作表语，放在系动词的后面。例如，He looks happy today. 3.形容词修饰something，anything，nothing，everything 等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。例如，Would you like something hot to drink？ 4.表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。例如，How long is the river？It’s about two hundred kilometers long. 5.只能作表语的形容词：afraid 害怕；alone 独自的；asleep 睡着的；awake 醒着的；alive 活着的；well 健康的；ill 病的；frightened 害怕的例如，The man is ill.(正) The ill man is my uncle.(误) 6.只能作定语的形容词：little 小的；only 唯一的；wooden 木质的；woolen 羊毛质的；elder 年长的例如，My elder brother is in Beijing. (正) My brother is elder. (误) 7.貌似副词的形容词：lonely 独自的；friendly 友好的；lively 生动的；lovely 可爱的 8.复合形容词：snow-white 雪白的English-speaking 说英语的；full-time 全日制的；well-known 众所周知的；kind-hearted 善良的；man-made 人造的；take-away 可以带走的；ten-year-old 十岁的。二、多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词) ——描绘词(大小，长短，形状，新旧，长幼，颜色)——出处——材料性质——类别——名词(此项不要求掌握) A small round table 一张小圆桌 A tall white building 一幢高大的白色建筑物 A dirty old black shirt 一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣 A famous American medical school 一个非常著名的美国医学院三、形容词常用句型 1.“It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，good(好的)，如kind(友善的)，nice(友好的)，polite(有礼貌的)，clever(聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懒惰的)，careful(细心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)等。例如，It’s very kind of you to help me.(=You are very kind to help me.)你能帮助我，真好。 It’s very rude of her to say such words.(=She is very rude to say such words.)她说这样的话，真粗鲁。 It’s foolish of him to go alone.(=He is foolish to go alone.)他单独出去太傻了。 2.“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。注意：这一句型中常用的形容词有important(重要的)，necessary(必要的)，difficult(困难的)，easy(容易的)，hard(艰难的)，dangerous(危险的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有益的)，pleasant(舒适的)，interesting(有趣的)，impossible(不可能的)等。例如It’s not easy for them to learn a foreign language. (=To learn a foreign language is no t easy for them.) 对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。 It’s very important for students to listen to teachers carefully. (=To listen to teachers carefully is very important for students.) 对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的。 It’s necessary for us to get to school on time . (=To get to school on time is necessary for us.) 对于我们来说按时到校是非常必要的。 3. 表示感情或情绪的形容词，glad(高兴的)，如pleased(高兴的)，sad(忧伤的)， thankful(感激的)等常接不定式。例如，Glad to see you.见到你非常高兴。 I’m very sorry to hear the bad news.听到这个坏新闻，我非常难过。 4. 表示能力和意志的形容词，如ready(乐意的，有准备的)，able(有能力的)，sure(一定)，等常接不定式。例如，He is always ready to help others.他总是乐于助人。四、一些形容词的用法辨析： ⑴whole 与all：记住两个词序：①the whole + 名词；②all (of) the + 名词。如：He was busy the whole morning.( 整个早晨他都很忙) He can remember all the words he learns.(他能记住学过的所有单词) ⑵tall 与high, short 与low ：指人的个子时用tall 与short；指其他事物时一般用high 与low。如：He’s very tall/short.(他个子高/矮) Tall trees are standing on both sides of that avenue.(大道的两侧有高大的树木)

初中英语语法总结--形容词

初中英语语法总结--形容词 1、形容词及其用法形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1) 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。 2) 叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。 (错) He is an ill man. (对) The man is ill. (错) She is an afraid girl. (对) The girl is afraid. 这类词还有：well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。 3)形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如：

something nice 2. 以-ly结尾的形容词 1) 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。改错：(错) She sang lovely. (错) He spoke to me very friendly. (对) Her singing was lovely. (对) He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily. 3 用形容词表示类别和整体 1) 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry The poor are losing hope.

初中英语语法形容词、副词精华版

初中英语语法形容词、副词的复习教案 Brainstorm: 你能分清形容词和副词的用法和写法吗？你知道怎么使用形容词和副词的比较级和最高级吗？你知道在英语中有很多形容词词缀吗？一．形容词和副词的辨析 1.形容词和副词的区别形容词：用来修饰名词副词：用来修饰动词、形容词和副词所以区别形容词和副词的关键在于看它所修饰的内容。例如：Candy is a lovely girl. Candy smiles lovely. 在这两句话中，都有lovely这个单词，但是词性却完全不同。在第一句中lovely用来修饰girl所以是形容词，而第二句中，lovely用来修饰动词smiles，所以是副词。 2.形容词变副词的规律 a.一般的形容词在结尾加ly变为副词。例如：careful-carefully b.以元音加e结尾的单词要去e在加ly。例如：true-truly c.辅音加y结尾的单词去y变i在加ly。例如：angry-angrily d.单音节y结尾直接加ly。例如：shy-shyly e.以le结尾的单词直接将e变为y。例如：terrible-terribly f.形容词、副词同形：hard, fast, friendly, late, early, lovely, long。这部分请同学们注意，其中很多单词加ly之后就变成其他意思的单词了。例如：hardly就变成 “几乎不”的意思，是小学阶段五大隐形否定词（few，little, never, seldom, hardly）之一。二．形容词和副词的比较级 1.比较级的范围:一般为两者或两个部分进行比较。例如：I’m taller than you. Group One did better than Group Two. 2.比较级的结构：结构上比较级有三个明显的标志。 ①than：一般用than连接两个比较的部分。例如：Tom runs faster than Mike.其中Tom 和Mike是比较的两部分，用than连接他们进行比较。在than的句式中有一个需要同学们特别注意：I’m taller than any other students in my class.这句话中用than连接的是I和any other students in my class两个部分，其实表示的是最高级的概念，译为我比我们班其他同学都要高，其中any other ……是固定搭配，译为任何其他的。 ②a little, much, a lot, even, still：可用来专门修饰比较级。例如：Lisa was sick yesterday, while today she is much better. ③as+形容词或副词原形+as……：译为像……一样。例如：Mary is as clever as Susan.Mary像Susan一样聪明。另外，两个比较级连用表示“越来越”的意思。例如：Days get longer and longer in Spring.白天在春天越来越长了。 3.比较级的写法： ①单音节单词后+er。例如：tall-taller, short-shorter ②重读闭音节双写最后一个字母再加er：hot-hotter, big-bigger, thin-thinner, fat-fatter ③双音节辅音+y结尾去y变i再加er：ugly-uglier, busy-busier, easy-easier, early-earlier,

英语语法：形容词基本含义及用法

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(完整word版)最全初中英语语法之-形容词副词教案(已打印两份)

形容词一.定义：用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词。二. 注意：有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone, afraid, asleep 等。例如： Don't wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep. The old man is alone. 形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。例如： You'd better tell us something interesting. The police found nothing strange in the room. 多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是：1）冠词或人称代词2）数词3）性质4）大小5）形状6）表示老少，新旧7）颜色8）事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。例如：His grandpa still lives in this small short house.他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。 The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates.那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。例如：The young should take good care of the old.年轻人应该好好照顾老人。 The rich never help the poor in this country.在这个国家，富人从来不帮助穷人。形容词短语做定语时要后置。如：They are the students easy to teach.他们是很容易较的学生。 We live in a house much larger than yours.我们住的房子比你们的大得多。 else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。如：Did you see anybody else?你看到别的人了吗？

语法知识—形容词的综合训练

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初中英语语法知识—形容词的知识点(3)

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