吉林大学2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案解析

吉林大学2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

Part I Vocabulary and Structure(30points)

Directions:There are30incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

1.The safari hunter was nearly________to death by a herd of elephants.

A.stampeded

B.trampled

C.trod

D.stamped

2.She felt that she was too________with problems to be able to study properly.

A.burdened

B.tired

C.grieved

D.disturbed

3.The roof________under the weight of the snow.

A.fell

B.submerged

C.collapsed

D.descended

4.His criticism injured Jenny’s________.So she is feeling sad now.

A.divinity

B.indignity

C.ego

D.mind

5.Hundreds of people________on the playground for watching the Dragon Lantern show.

A.contrived

B.conformed

C.conferred

D.converged

6.The owner of a car is no longer forced to rely on public transportation and is therefore,

not________to work locally.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/2512752826.html,pelled

B.obliged

C.restricted

D.repelled

7.The doctors don’t________that the patient will live much longer.

A.monitor

B.manifest

C.articulate

D.anticipate

8.Knowing that he had been admitted to Cambridge University,he was too excited to be

________on the phone.

A.coincidental

B.identical

C.same

D.coherent

9.Hard work and malnutrition________his health and he looked thin and pale.

A.impaired

B.promoted

C.accelerated

D.smashed

10.Since you changed lanes without signaling,you are as much to________for the

accident as us.

A.blame

B.accusation

C.condemnation

D.charge

11.Although he is in his fifties,his________arms are as powerful as those of a young man.

A.energetic

B.gigantic

C.muscular

D.effective

12.The purpose of the lecture was to________the masses of the United States with the

elementary problems of Latin America.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/2512752826.html,rm

B.acquaint

C.instruct

D.announce

13.Our teacher didn’t have time so far to go into it________,but he gave us an idea about

his plan.

A.in turn

B.at hand

C.in conclusion

D.at length

14.She often says her greatest happiness________serving the handicapped children.

A.consists in

B.relies on

https://www.360docs.net/doc/2512752826.html,poses of

https://www.360docs.net/doc/2512752826.html,prises in

15.Whenever possible,Ian________how well he speaks Japanese.

A.shows up

B.shows around

C.shows off

D.shows out

16.________is known to the world,Mark Twain is a great American writer.

A.That

B.Which

C.As

D.It

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17.Look at the terrible situation I am in!If only I________your advice.

A.follow

B.had followed

C.would follow

D.have followed

18.I remember________to help us if we ever were in difficulties.

A.once offering

B.him once offering

C.him to offer

D.to offer him

19.Helen apologized for________the party.

A.her not being able to attend

B.her being not able to attend

C.her being able not to attend

D.not her being able to attend

20.It’s a pity that we should stay at home when we have________.

A.so fine

B.such fine

C.such a fine

D.so fine a

21.Evidence came up________specific sounds are recognized by babies as young as six

months old.

A.what

B.that

C.which

D.whose

22.America will never again have as a nation the spirit of adventure as it________before

the West was settled.

A.could

B.did

C.would

D.was

23.________for a long time,the fields are all dried up.

A.There has been no rain

B.Having no rain

C.There having been no rain

D.There being no rain

24.He spoke so________that even his opponents were won over by his arguments.

A.bluntly

B.convincingly

C.emphatically

D.determinedly

25.It is announced that a wallet has been found and can be________at the manager’s

office.

A.declared

B.obtained

C.reclaimed

D.recognized

26.Some companies have introduced flexible working time with less emphasis on pressure

________.

A.and more on efficiency

B.than more on efficiency

C.and more efficiency

D.than efficiency

27.The earnings of women are well below that of men________educational differences

that are diminishing between the two sexes.

A.although

B.though

C.despite of

D.in spite of

28.You should know better than________your little sister at home by herself.

A.to leave

B.leaving

C.to have left

D.left

29.What the governments should do urgently is to take actions to________the economy.

A.brook

B.blush

C.boost

D.brood

30.Some minerals are quite common,others are regionally________,and still others are

rare on the earth.

A.attributed

B.distributed

C.contributed

D.scattered Part II Cloze(10%)

Directions:There are20blanks in the following passage.For each blank them are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

Our ape-men forefathers had no obvious weapons in the struggle for survival in the

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open.They had neither the powerful teeth nor the31.________claws of the big cats.They could not32.________with the bear,whose strength,speed and claws33.________an impressive“small-fire”weaponry.They could not even defend themselves34.________ running swiftly like horse,zebras or small animals.If the ape-men had attempted to compete on those terms in the open,they would have been35.________to failure and extinction.But they were36.________with enormous concealed advantages of a kind not37.________by any of their competitors.

In the search38.________the pickings of the forest,the ape-man had39.________ efficient stereoscopic vision and a sense of color40.________the animals of the grasslands did not possess.The ability to see clearly at close range41.________the ape-men to study practical problems in a way that lay far42.________the reach of the original inhabitants of the grassland.Good long distance sight was43.________another https://www.360docs.net/doc/2512752826.html,ck of

long-distance vision had not been a problem for forest-dwelling apes and monkeys because the higher the viewpoint,the greater the range of sight,so44.________they had had to do was climb a tree.Out in the open,however,this simple solution was not45.________. Climbing a hill would have helped,but in many places the ground was flat.The ape-men46. ________the only possible solution.They reared up as high as47.________on their hind limbs and began to walk upright.

This vital change of physical position brought about considerable disadvantages.It was extremely unstable and it meant that the already slow ape-man became slower still.48.

________,they persevered and their bone structure gradually became49.________to the new,unstable position that50.________them the name Homo erectus,upright man.

31. A.big B.weak C.strong D.small

32. A.match https://www.360docs.net/doc/2512752826.html,pare C.rival D.equal

33. A.became B.equipped C.posed D.provided

34. A.in B.upon C.by D.with

35. A.driven B.doomed C.forced D.led

36. A.bestowed B.given C.presented D.endowed

37. A.managed B.possessed C.posed D.opposed

38. A.for B.of C.on D.at

39. A.progressed B.generated C.developed D.advanced

40. A.which B.as C.what D.that

41. A.urged B.permitted C.banned D.caused

42. A.from B.apart C.beyond D.above

43. A.rather B.quite C.much D.really

44. A.anything B.that C.everything D.all

45. A.available B.enough C.sufficient D.convenient

46. A.chose B.adopted C.accepted D.took

47. A.valuable B.acceptable C.possible D.able

48. A.However B.Therefore C.Meanwhile D.Subsequently

49. A.suited B.familiarized C.adapted D.accustomed

50. A.obtained B.called C.deserved D.earned

Part III Reading Comprehension(60%)

Directions:There are6reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of then there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Questions51to55are based on the following passage:

Passage1

Perhaps no single monument in the USA is as famous are the State of Liberty.Standing on a small island in New York Harbor,the crowned lady,holding aloft in her right hand the torch of freedom and in her left hand a tablet which is inscribed“July4th,1776”,is a symbol of American democracy.She is colossal.She is151ft.high and the pedestal on which she stands is almost as much.An elevator takes visitors to the top of the pedestal, around which a balcony runs.

A Spiral staircase goes up to the crown,and another to the torch.The State of Liberty was a gift to the USA from France in1886,as a mark of friendship and also in memory of the aid France gave the Americans during the American Revolution.

For millions of immigrants,the Statue was their first sight of the promised land,and for a few it was also the last,as they sailed back home again.About a mile from Liberty Island, there is another small island,called Ellis Island,which was looked upon with dread by the immigrants.For it was here that they had to wait their turn to be examined by doctors and officials.Most of the immigrants could not speak a word of English.But only two out of100 immigrants were refused admission to New York City.Often the person refused turned out to be a grand-mother or a weary,frightened girl mistakenly labeled“feeble-minded.”Sometimes husbands and wives were parted because one of them happened to have a bad cough and was suspected of having tuberculosis.

New York City was a bitter disillusionment to some immigrants.For from being a city paved with gold,it was a city teeming with overcrowded,unhealthy and unsafe ghettos.The immigrants looked for earlier immigrants of their own nationality or religion.So Italian, Polish,Irish,Jewish neighborhoods grew up.Because they could not speak English,the newcomers found it difficult to get work at once,and their living quarters were often slums.\ However,they found in the USA opportunities of bettering themselves.Today immigrants no longer have to endure the indignities of Ells Island.The grim buildings were closed down in1924.In1976,Ellis Island became an historic monument.

51.Which of the following is the best title for this passage?

A.Gateway to the USA.

B.State of Liberty

C.Ellis Island

D.Immigrants of the USA

52.The word“colossal”in paragraph1means________.

A.miniature

B.colorful

C.enormous

D.beautiful

53.Immigrants looked upon Ellis Island with dread because________.

A.they could not speak a word

B.they might be refused admission to the USA.

C.husbands and wives might be recognized

D.they were suspected

54.Paragraph3implies that________.

A.New York City was paved with gold

B.immigrants of the same nationality and religion lived in the same

building C.immigrants lived everywhere

D.some immigrants were disappointed at New York City

55.Which of the following statement is not true?

A.The Statue of Liberty was a gift from France.

B.France gave the USA the State to commemorate the aid they received from the US.

C.The Statue of Liberty is the most famous monument in the USA.

D.The Statue of Liberty is the symbol of American democracy.

Questions56-60are based on the following passage.

Passage2

Robert F.Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures“everything except that which makes life worthwhile.”With Britain voting to leave the European Union,and GDP already predicted to slow as a result,it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.

The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century.Many argue that it is a flawed concept.It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do.By most recent measures,the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world,with record low unemployment and high growth figures.If everything was going so well,then why did over17million people vote for Brexit,despite the warning about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?

A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question.Across the163countries measured,the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens.Rather than just focusing on GDP,over40different sets of criteria from health,education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.

While all of these countries face their own challenges,there are a number of consistent themes.Yes,there has been a budding economic recovery since the2008global crash,but in key indicators in areas such as health and education,major economies have continued to decline.Yet this isn’t the case with all countries.Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society,income equality and environment.

This is a lesson that rich countries can learn.When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of country’s success,the world looks very different.

So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations,as a measure,it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality of education outcomes---all thing that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being.

The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth.But policymakers,who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.

56.Robert F.Kennedy is cited because he________.

A.praised the UK for its GDP

B.identified GDP with happiness

C.misinterpreted the role of GDP

D.had a low opinion of GDP

57.It can be inferred from Paragraph2that________.

A.the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern

B.the UK will contribute less to the world economy

C.GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK

D.policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP

58.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?

A.It excludes GDP as an indicator

B.It is sponsored by163countries.

C.Its criteria

are questionable D.Its result are enlightening

59.In the last two paragraphs,the author suggests that________.

A.the UK is preparing for an economic boom

B.high GDP foreshadows an economic decline

C.it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP

D.it requires caution to handle economic issue

60.Which of the following is the best for the text?

A.High GDP but Inadequate Well-being,a U.K lesson

B.GDP figures,a Window on Global Economic Health

C.Robert F.Kennedy,a Terminator of GDP

D.Brexit,the UK’s Gateway to Well-being

Questions61-65are based on the following passage

Passage3

The art of public speaking began in ancient Greece over2,000years ago.Now twitter, instant messaging,e-mail,blogs and chat forums offer rival approaches to communication---but none can replace the role of a great speech.

The spoken word can handle various vital functions:persuading or inspiring,informing, paying tribute,entertaining,or simply introducing someone or something or accepting something.

Over the past year,the human voice has helped guide us over the ups and downs or what was certainly a stormy time.

Persuasion is used in dealing with or reconciling different points of view.When the leaders met in Copenhagen in December2009,persuasive words from activists encouraged them to commit themselves to firmer action.

Inspirational speeches confront the emotions.They focus on topics and matters that are close to people’s hearts.During wars,generals used inspiring speeches to prepare the troops for battle.

A speech that conveys knowledge and enhances understanding can inform us.The information must be clear,accurate,and expressed in a meaningful and interesting way. When the H1N1pandemic was announced,the idea of“swine flu”scared many people. Informative speeches from Words Health Organization officials helped people to keep their panic under control so they could take sensible precautions.

Sad events are never easy to deal with but a speech that pays tribute to the loss of a

loved one and gives praise for their contribution can be comforting.Madonna’s speech about Michael Jackson,after his death,heighted the fact that he will continue to live on through his music.

It’s not only in world forums where public speaking plays an important role.It can also be surprisingly helpful in the course of our own lives.

If you’re taking part in a debate you need to persuade the listeners of the soundness of your argument.In sports,athletes know the importance of a pep talk(鼓舞士气的讲话) before a match to inspire teammates.You yourself may be asked to do a presentation at college or work to inform the others about an area of vital importance.

On a more personal level,a friend may be upset and need comforting.Or you might be asked to introduce a speaker at a family event or to speak at a wedding,where you language will be needed to move people or make them laugh.

Great speaking ability is not something we’re born with.Even Barack Obama works hard to perfect every speech.For a brilliant speech,there are rules that you can put to good use.To learn those rules you have to practice and learn from some outstanding speeches in the past.

61.The author thinks the spoken word is still irreplaceable because________.

A.it has always been used to inspire or persuade people.

B.it has a big role to play in the entertainment business

C.it plays important roles in human communication

D.it is of great use in everyday-life context

62.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the role of public speaking?

A.Speeches at world forums can lead to effective solutions to world problems

B.Speeches from medical authorities can calm people down in times of pandemics

C.The morale of soldiers before a battle can be boosted by senior officers’speeches

D.Speeches paying tribute to the dead can comfort the mourners.

63.Public speaking can play all the following roles EXCEPT________.

A.to convince people in a debate

https://www.360docs.net/doc/2512752826.html,rm people at a presentation

C.to advise people at work

D.to entertain people at a wedding

64.According to the passage,which of the following best explains the author’s view on

“great speaking ability”?

A.It comes from observing rules.

C.It can be acquired from birth. practice.

65.What is the main idea of the passage?

A.Public speaking in international forums.

C.Public speaking in daily life context.B.It can be perfected with easy effort

D.It comes from learning and

B.The many uses of public speaking D.The rules of public speaking

Questions66-60are based on the following passage.

Passage4

“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers”,wrote Queen Liliuokalani,Hawaii’s last reigning monarch,in1897.Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society.Sadly,all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today.Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT),a giant observatory that

promises to revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos.

At issue is the TMT’s planned location on Mauna Kea,dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens.But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world’s most powerful telescopes.Rested in the Pacific Ocean,Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our planet’s dense atmosphere,where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.

Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new.A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.

Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers.In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes,they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea’s fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island’s inhabitants.Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past;it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.

Yet science has a cultural history,too,with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find to what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii’s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens.Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are,where we come from and where we are going.Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies,as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.

The astronomy community is making compromises to change it use of Mauna Kea.The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact.To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.

66.Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph1indicates,________.

A.the conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.

B.the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.

C.the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.

D.her appreciation of star watchers’feats in her time.

67.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to________.

A.its geographical features

B.its protective surroundings

C.its religious

implications D.its existing infrastructure

68.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because________.

A.it may risk ruining their intellectual life

B.it reminds them of a humiliating history.

C.their culture will lose a chance of revival

D.they fear losing control of Mauna Kea

69.It can be inferred from Paragraph5that progress in today’s astronomy________.

A.is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.

B.helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world

C.many uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture

D.will eventually soften Hawaiian’s hostility.

70.The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of________.

A.severe criticism

B.passive acceptance

C.slight hesitancy

D.full

approval

Questions71-75are based on the following passage.

Passage5

Those who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortable means of passing.They actually saw it as factor in world peace.They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies.None of them foresaw that the more we are together,the more chances there are of war.Any boy or girl who is one of a large family knows that.

Whenever any new invention is put forward,those for it and those against it can always find medical men to approve or condemn.The anti-railway group produced doctors who said that tunnels would be most dangerous to public health.They would produce colds,catarrhs (粘膜炎)and consumptions（肺癌）.The deafening noise and the glare of the engine fire would have a bad effect on the nerves.Further,being moved through the air at a high speed would do grave injury to delicate lungs.In those with high blood-pressure,the movement for the train might produce apoplexy(中风).The sudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel,and the equally sudden rush into full daylight,would cause great damage to eyesight.But the pro-railway group was of course able to produce equally famous medical men to say just the opposite.They said that the speed and swing of the train would equalize the circulation promote digestion,tranquilize the nerves,and ensure good sleep.

The actual rolling-stock was anything but comfortable.If it was a test of endurance to six for four hours outside a coach in rain,or inside in dirty air,the railway offered little more in the way of comfort.Certainly the first-class carriages had cushioned seats;but the second-class had only narrow bare boards,while the third-class had nothing at all;no seats and no roof;they were just open trucks so that third-class passengers gained nothing from the new mode except speed.

A writer in the early days of railways wrote feelingly of both second-and third-class carriages.He made the suggestion that the directors of the railways must have sent all over the world to find the hardest possible wood.Of the open third-class trucks he said that they had the peculiar property of meeting the rain from whatever quarter it came.He describe them as horizontal shower-baths,from whose searching power there was no escape.

71.All boys and girls in large families know that________.

A.a boy and a girl usually fight when they are together.

B.people tend to be together more than they used to be

C.a lot of people being together makes fights likely

D.railway leads the world to peace

72.According to those who welcomed the railway,the railway itself should include all the

following except________.

A.the railway enables people to travel fast

B.the railway brings comfort to people

C.the railway makes the world peaceful

D.the railway leads the world to war.

73.According to the anti-railway group,all the followings are true but________.

A.tunnels are dangerous to public health.

B.the noise and the glare of the engine fire may affect people’s nerves

C.the rapid speed through the air does damage to people’s lungs.

D.to those with high blood-pressure,the rapid speed of the train causes them to die

74.We may safely conclude that________.

A.the author belongs to the anti-railway group

B.the author belongs to the for-railway group

C.the author speaks highly of the railway

D.the author may never take train because of its potential dangers.

75.What is the tone of the passage?

A.Practical

B.Neutral

C.Humorous

D.Exaggerated Questions76-80are based on the following passage.

Passage6

There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint.Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate.“Sometime in the future,”the paper’s publisher said back in2010.

Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside,there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print.The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper---printing presses, delivery trucks---isn’t just expensive;it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints.Readers are migrating away from print anyway.And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts,revenue from print is still declining.

Overhead may be high and circulation lower,but rushing to eliminate is print edition would be a mistake,says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.

Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business,but only if they go about doing it the right way.“Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them.”he said.“but if you discontinue it,you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”

Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway.Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD mailing service to focus on streaming.“It was seen as blunder,”he said.The move turned out to be foresighted.And if Peretti were in charge at the Times?“I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,”he said,“I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”

The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor,the idea goes,and they’d like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in,“So if you’re overpaying for print,you could feel like you were helping.”Peretti said.“Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.”In other words,if you’re going to make a print product,make it for the people who are already obsessed with it, which may be what the Times is doing already.Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly$500a year—more than twice as much as a digital—only subscription.

“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business.”Peretti remarked.“But we’re going to have questions like that where we

have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes.In those situation,it’s better to be more aggressive that less aggressive.”

76.The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due to________.

A.the increasing online and sales

B.the pressure from its investors

C.the complaints from its readers

D.the high cost of operation

77.Pertti suggests that in face of the present situation,The Times should________.

A.make strategic adjustments

B.end the print edition for good.

C.seek new sources of leadership.

D.aim for efficient management

78.It can be inferred from paragraphs5and6that a“legacy product”________.

A.helps restore the glory of former times

B.is meant for the most loyal customers

C.will have the cost of printing reduced

D.expands the popularity of the paper.

79.Peretti believes that in a changing world________.

A.traditional luxuries can stay unaffected

B.cautiousness facilitates problem-solving

C.aggressiveness better meets challenges

D.legacy businesses are becoming out dated

80.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?

A.Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once.

B.Cherish the newspapers Still in Your Hand

C.keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion

D.Make Your Print Newspapers a Luxury Good

吉林大学2017年博士研究生入学考试参考答案及解析

I.词汇与结构

1.D【解析】动词辨析题。stampede“逃窜，涌向”；trample“践踏，蹂躏”；tread“踩，

踏”；stamp“用脚踩踏”。根据语境可知此处应该是动物将人“踩”在脚底

下，故选D。

2.A【解析】形容词辨析题。burdened“背负的”；tired“疲惫的”；grieved“悲伤的”；

disturbed“打搅的”。根据后面的study properly“正确地学习”以及too...to...结构可知此处要表达的是“背负的问题太多”从而导致无法正确地学习。故选A。

3.C【解析】动词辨析题。fall“跌下，掉落”；submerge“淹没，沉浸”；collapse“垮

塌”；descend“下降，降临”。根据后面的the weight of the snow“积雪的重压”

可知此处应该是屋顶“垮塌”。故选C。

4.C【解析】名词辨析题。divinity“神圣，尽善尽美”；indignity“侮辱，轻蔑”；ego

“自尊心，自我意识”；mind“精神，意向，决心”。根据句意可知珍妮受到了批评，感到很难受，因此可以推断出是这个批评伤害了她的“自尊心”。故选C。5.D【解析】动词辨析题。contrive“策划，设计”；conform“符合，遵照”；confer

“授予，颁发”；converge“聚集，汇集”。根据hundreds of people可知人数众多，应该是“聚集”在一起观看表演。故选D。

6.C【解析】动词辨析题。compel“强迫，迫使”；oblige“强制，强迫”；restrict“限

制”；repel“击退，抵制”。根据no longer forced to rely on public transportation“不

再被迫依赖公共交通工具”说明汽车的拥有者可以到任何地方工作，而不用

“局限于”本地。故选C。

7.D【解析】动词辨析题。monitor“监督，监控”；manifest“显示，表明”；

articulate“发音”；anticipate“预期，预计”。根据常识可知病人的寿命只能“预计”，故选D。

8.D【解析】形容词辨析题。coincidental“巧合的，同时发生的”；identical“相同的，

同一的”；same“相同的”；coherent“连贯的”。根据句意可知，一个人很

兴奋的状态下，通常会说话“不连贯”。故选D。

9.A【解析】动词辨析题。impair“损害”；promote“促进”；accelerate“加速”；smash

“击碎，撞击”。根据前面的hard work and malnutrition“繁重的工作和营养不

良”可知对其健康是造成了“损害”。故选A。

10.A【解析】名词辨析题。blame“责任，过失”；accusation“指责，谴责”；condemnation

“谴责，定罪”；charge“控告，控诉”。根据前面的changed lanes without signaling “没有开信号灯的情况下改变了车道”可知应该要对事故“负责”。此处还不能

上升到“谴责”或者“控告”的地步。故选A。

11.C【解析】形容词辨析题。energetic“精力充沛的”；energetic“巨大的，庞大的”；

muscular“肌肉的，健壮的”；effective“有效的”。根据后面的as powerful as“和……

一样强壮”可知他的手臂是“充满肌肉的”。故选C。

12.B【解析】固定搭配题。inform“通知”；acquaint“了解”；instruct“通知，指导”；announce“宣布”。根据后面的介词with可知此处应该用acquaint sb.with sth.的结构。故选B。

13.D【解析】短语辨析题。in turn“依次，轮流地”；at hand“手头，在手边”；in conclusion“综述，总结”；at length“终于，详尽地”。根据后面的gave us an idea about his plan“给了我们一个关于他计划的想法”可知他并没有“详细”提及其计划的

具体内容。故选D。

14.A【解析】短语辨析题。consist in“在于”；rely on“依赖”；compose of“由……

构成”；comprise in“包括在”。根据前面的greatest happiness“最大的幸福”以

及后面的serving the handicapped children“为残疾儿童提供服务”之间的逻辑关

系可知应该是说明其“最大的幸福在于……”。故选A。

15.C【解析】短语辨析题。show up“显而易见，到场”；show around“带……参观”；

show off“炫耀，展示”；show out“送出（客人）”。根据后面的how well he speaks

Japanese“他日语说得很好”可知前面应该用“炫耀，展示”的意思。故选C。

16.C【解析】固定搭配题。As is known to…是一个固定搭配，表示“众所周知”。故

选C。

17.B【解析】语法结构题。这句话是考查的是对于过去的虚拟，因此此处应该用

“had+过去分词”的形式。故选B。

18.B【解析】语法结构题。remember sb.doing sth.“记得某人做过某事”；remember sb.

to do sth.“记得某人将要做某事”。根据if条件状语从句中用到的是过去时态可

知是表示“过去做过的事情”，故选B。

19.A【解析】语法结构题。apologize for sb.doing sth.“因为某人做了某事而致歉”；

其否定形式应该用在doing之前。故选A。

20.B【解析】语法结构题。根据when从句中的成分，可知空白处应该是一个名词

成分，故fine做名词用，不能用so来修饰，排除A、D选项。另外fine做名词用是不可数名词，排除C。故选B。

21.B【解析】语法结构题。specific sounds are recognized by babies as young as six

months old是对前面evidence的具体内容的说明，故在此处应该是引导同位语

从句，且从句部分是完整的，用that引导即可。故选B。

22.B【解析】语法结构题。根据句意可知空白处应该是指代的前面的动词have，且

这句是过去时态，所以用did来进行指代。故选B。

23.C【解析】语法结构题。由于逗号后面已经有了一个主语谓语宾语完整的句子，故前

面应该用非谓语结构。再根据时间状语for a long time可知要用到完成时。故

选C。

24.B【解析】副词辨析题。bluntly“率直地，迟钝地”；convincingly“有说服力的”；

emphatically“强调地，明显地”；determinedly“坚定地，坚决地”。根据后面的his opponents were won over by his arguments“他的对手都被他的论述所说服”可

知他的论述是非常具有“说服力”的。故选B。

25.C【解析】动词辨析题。declare“申报，宣布”；obtain“获得，得到”；reclaim“取

回，开拓”；recognize“承认，识别”。根据后面的a wallet has been found“钱包已找到”可知失主应该是“取回”钱包。故选C。

26.A【解析】语法结构题。and是一个并列连词，故前面成分表达应该保持一致，故

介词on不可以省略。再根据前面的flexible working time“弹性工作时间”可知应该是强调效率这一方面是居多的。故选A。

27.D【解析】语法结构题。四个选项均是表示转折，其用法的差别是：although和though

只能引导让步状语从句。没有despite of这个搭配，只有in spite of，后面接名词。

故选D。

28.A【解析】固定搭配题。know better than to do表示“不至于不知道”的含义。此处

并没有表示完成时的时间状语成分，排除C。故选A。

29.C【解析】动词辨析题。brook“容忍，忍受”；blush“脸红，害臊”；boost“促进，

提高”；brood“沉思”。根据后面的宾语成分economy可知应该是“促进”经济。

故选C。

30.B【解析】动词辨析题。attribute“认为……是；把……归于”；distribute“分配，

散发”；contribute“贡献”；scatter“分散，散开”。根据句意可知应该是讲

的矿物质的分布情况，故选B。

AI.完形填空

31.C逻辑关系题。big“大的”；weak“微弱的”；strong“强壮的”；small“小的”。

根据neither…nor…的结构可知空白处要填的词与前面的powerful teeth相类似。

故用strong来修饰。故选C。

32.A动词辨析题。match“使匹配，使相称”；compare“比较”；rival“与……竞争”；

equal“等于，比得上”。这里讲的是类人猿与狗熊在某些方面不能“相匹

配”，而不是进行比较或者竞争。故选A。

33.D动词辨析题。become“成为”；equip“装备；配备”；pose“摆姿势”；provide

“提供”。此处说的应该是狗熊的力量、速度和爪子能够“提供”很好的武器。

故选D。

34.C固定搭配题。此处说的是“通过”某种方式来保卫自己，by doing sth.表示“通

过……的方式”，是一个固定搭配。故选C。

35.B动词短语辨析题。be doomed to sth.“注定”，后常接death，failure等一类的词；be

driven to“沉浸于”，后常接madness，sorrow等一类的词；be forced to“被迫”；lead to“导致”，一般是用主动式。这里是说“他们早就注定失败、灭绝了”。故

选B。

36.D动词辨析题。bestow“赠给”，常与on或upon搭配；give“给”，常与to搭配；

present“赠予”，常与with搭配；endow“天生具有，赋予”，一般用被动式与with搭配。本句意为“他们却拥有其他任何竞争者所不具有的某种巨大而隐蔽的优势”，故选D。

37.B动词辨析题。manage“成功做”；possess“占有”；pose“摆姿势”；oppose“反

对”。本句意为“他们却拥有其他任何竞争者所不具有的某种巨大而隐蔽的优势”，故选B。

38.B固定搭配题。in the search of是固定搭配，意为“在寻找……的过程中”，故选B。

39.C动词辨析题。generate“生成，产生”；progress“进展，进步”；develop“（逐渐）

形成，（逐渐）获得”；advance“促进，提出，提升”。这里是说“在生存竞争中，类人猿逐步形成了有效的、草地动物所不具有的立体视觉和颜色辨别的能

力”，故选C。

40.D语法结构题。此处是定语从句，先行词为efficient stereoscopic vision and a sense of

color，关系词有两个，只能用that。故选D。

41.B动词辨析题。urge“催促”；permit“允许”；ban“禁止”；cause“引起”。根

据前面的the ability to see clearly at close range“能够近距离清晰看到目标的能力”

可知这将为它们研究实际问题提供条件，用“允许”一词符合句意。故选B。

42.C固定搭配题。beyond the reach of“够不着；在……范围之外”，为固定搭配。故

选C。

43.B副词辨析题。程度副词quite可以用在限定词another前，而另三个程度副词则

不能。副词yet也可用在another前，但表示的是数量意义的“还，再”。本句

意为“良好的远距离视力完全是另外一回事”。故选B。

44.D语法结构题。本句中的so引导一个主语句子，这个句子缺少一个引导词，该引

导词还是作they had to do的宾语，what符合。故选D。

45.A形容词辨析题。available“可得到的；可用的”；enough“足够的”；sufficient“充

足的”；convenient意为“方便的”。上文说的是在森林中居住的类人猿和猴子可以通过爬树来扩大视力所及的范围，此处接着说的是，“然而在没有树的开阔

地带，这种方法是不可行的”。故选A。

46.B动词辨析题。choose“选择，挑选”；adopt“采用；采纳”；accept“接受”；take

“实施；采取”。这里是说“类人猿采取了唯一可行的方案”，故选B。

47.C形容词辨析题。valuable“有价值的”；acceptable“可接受的，合意的”；possible

“可能的”；able“能够的，有才能的”。本句意为“它们的后肢尽可能高地抬起，开始直立行走”，as…as possible“尽可能……”。故选C。

48.A逻辑关系题。however“然而”；therefore“因此”；meanwhile“同时”；subsequently

“随后”。此句与上句之间在语义上为转折关系，故选A。

49.C形容词辨析题。be suited to sth.“适合……的”；be accustomed to“习惯于……”；

be familiarized with“与……相熟”；adapt to sth.“适应……”，暗含做出某种变化以适应新的情况。这里是说“它们的骨骼渐渐适应了……”。故选C。。50.D动词辨析题。obtain“获得”，后跟单宾语。call“叫”，后跟宾语和宾语补足语；

deserve“值得”，后跟单宾语；earn“赚得，赢得”，后既可以接单宾语，也可以

接双宾语，接双宾语时表示“（为……）博得，使得到”。故选D。

BI.阅读理解

Passage1

51.A主旨大意题。本文开头主要讲述了美国的标志性雕像“自由女神”的来源及意

义，然后提及到每一位到美国的移民第一眼看到的就是这座雕像，接着谈到移

民在美国的现实处境以及后续发生的变化。选项A“通往美国的门户”一语双关，既是用“门户”一词指代“自由女神”这座雕像，也是用以指代外来移民进入美国的情形，可作为文章的最佳标题。选项B“自由女神像”，选项C“埃利斯岛”和选项D“美国移民”均不全面，不适合作为文章的标题。故本题正确答案为A。

52.C词汇题。根据colossal后面的句子She is151ft.high“她有一百五十一英尺

高”可知该雕塑比较大，选项C“巨大的”符合。选项A“微型的”，选项B“五彩缤纷的”，选项D“漂亮的”均排除。故本题正确答案为C。

53.B推理判断题。根据第三段For it was here that they had to wait their turn to be

examined by doctors and officials“.因为在这里他们不得不等待医生和官员检查”，可知在此处他们要接受检查，因此他们担心可能会因为某些原因而被不允许进入美国。选项B“他们可能会被拒绝进入美国”符合。选项A“他们说不出话来”，选项C“丈夫和妻子可能会得到承认”和选项D“他们被怀疑了”均不符合。故本题正确答案为B。

54.D推理判断题。根据第四段第一句New York City was a bitter disillusionment to some immigrants.“纽约市对一些移民来说是一种痛苦的幻灭”可推断出选项D“一些移民对于纽约感到失望”正确。选项A“纽约市铺满了黄金”，选项B“同一国

籍和宗教的移民住在同一栋楼里”和选项C“移民到处都是”均不符合。故本题正确答案为D。

55.B细节事实题。根据第二段The State of Liberty was a gift to the USA from France in

1886“自由女神像是法国在1886年送给美国的礼物”可知选项A“自由女神像是法国送的礼物”正确。根据第二段…as a mark of friendship and also in memory of the aid France gave the Americans during the American Revolution.“作为友谊的象征，也是为了纪念法国在美国革命期间给予美国人的援助”可知选项B“法国给美国自由女神像以纪念他们从美国获得的援助”错误。根据第一段Perhaps no single monument in the USA is as famous are the State of Liberty“.也许在美国没

有一个像自由女神像那样着名的纪念碑”可知选项C“自由女神像是美国最着名的纪念碑”正确。根据第一段…is a symbol of American democracy“……是美国民主的象征”正确。故本题正确答案为B。

Passage2

56.D观点态度题。根据第一段第一句Robert F.Kennedy once said thata country’s GDP

measures“everything except that which makes life worthwhile.”“罗伯特·肯尼迪曾经说过，一个国家的国内生产总值（GDP）可以衡量的是除了使生命变得有价值之外的每件事”，可以看出肯尼迪对于GDP是持有否定态度的。从下文也可

以看出作者也认为GDP有许多缺点，所以作者引用肯尼迪的话语来使文章更具有说服力。选项D“对GDP评价很低”符合。选项A“因GDP称赞英国”，选项B“确定GDP与幸福的关系”和选项C“误解了GDP的作用”均不符合。故本题正确答案为D。

57.C推理判断题。根据第二段By most recent measures,the UK’s GDP has been the

envy of the Western world,with record low unemployment and high growth figures.

If everything was going so well,then why did over17million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?

“根据最近的措施，英国的国内生产总值一直为西方世界所羡慕，因为西方国家的失业率和高增长率都创下历史新高。如果英国现状真如英国的GDP反映的那么的好，那为什么超过1700万人投票支持英国退欧，尽管有警告说可能会对他们国家的经济前景造成某些影响？”，由此可见英国民众认为GDP好并不代表英国社会现状真的好。选项C“国内生产总值作为衡量成功的标准在英国不被广泛认同”符合。选项A“英国不愿改变其经济格局”，选项B“英国将减少对世界经济的贡献”和选项D“英国的政策制定者对GDP的关注较少”均不符合。故本题正确答案为C。

58.D细节事实题。根据题干中的annual study定位到第三段第一句A recent annual

study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question.“最近一项关于各国及其将经济增长转化为福祉的能力的年度研究揭示了这一问题”，选项D“结果具有启发性”符合，其中的enlightening与sheds some light on that question同义替换。选项A“它排除GDP作为指标”，选

项B“它由163个国家赞助”和选项C“它的标准值得怀疑”均不符合。故本

题正确答案为D。

59.C推理判断题。根据倒数第二段So what Kennedy was referring to was that while

GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of

nations,as a measure,it is no longer enough.It does not include important factors

such as environmental quality or education outcomes---all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.“因此，肯尼迪所指的是，尽管国内生产总值是衡量

各国经济活动的最常用方法，但作为衡量标准，这已经不够了。它没有把一些重要因素包括进来，如环境质量或教育成果，所有这些都是属于有助于个人幸福感的因素”可推断出选项C“必须考虑除GDP以外的其它因素”正确。选项A“英国正在为经济繁荣做准备”，选项B“高GDP导致经济下滑”和选项D“处理经济问题需要谨慎”均不符合。故本题正确答案为C。

60.A主旨大意题。本题需要通过全篇来确定答案。本文在开头引用了肯尼迪对于GDP

的负面评价，并通过英国脱离欧盟这个案例来引出需要考虑GDP这个评价机制的好坏，中间各段分析英国GDP虽然表现好，但实际上英国社会现状却并不好，

最后在倒数第二自然段指出这是每一个发达国家需要得到的教训。选项A“英国的教训——高GDP，低幸福”符合。选项B“GDP数据——全球经济健康之窗”，选项C“肯尼迪——GDP的终结者”和选项D“脱欧——英国获取幸福之门”均不符合文章的主旨大意。故本题正确答案为A。

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61.C推理判断题。根据第一段The spoken word can handle various vital functions:

persuading or inspiring,informing,paying tribute,entertaining,or simply introducing someone or something or accepting something.“演讲词可以处理各种重要功能：说

服或启发、通知、致敬、娱乐，或只是介绍某人某事或接受某事”，可推断出选

项C“它在人类交流中发挥着重要作用”，因此具有不可替代性。选项A“它一直被用来激励或说服人们”，选项B“它在娱乐业中发挥着重要作用”和选项D

“它在每天的日常生活背景中发挥巨大的作用”均不符合。故本题正确答案为C。

62.A细节事实题。根据第八段It’s not only in world forums where public speaking plays an important role.“这不仅仅是在世界论坛的公开演讲中扮演着重要角色”，可知选项A“世界论坛上的演讲可以为世界性问题的解决提供有效方案”错误。选项B“来自医疗机构的演讲可以在流行病盛行时让人们保持冷静”可从文章第六段得出。选项C“高级军官的讲话可以提振士兵战斗前的士气”可从文章第五段得出。选项D“向死者致敬的演讲可以安慰哀悼者”可从文章第七段得出。

故本题正确答案为A。

63.C细节事实题。根据第一段The spoken word can handle various vital functions:

persuading or inspiring,informing,paying tribute,entertaining,or simply introducing someone or something or accepting something.“演讲词可以处理各种重要功能：说

服或启发、通知、致敬、娱乐，或只是介绍某人某事或接受某事”可知选项A “在辩论中说服他人”，选项B“在演示中告知人们”和选项D“在婚礼上娱乐人们”均为公众演讲的作用。选项C“在工作中给人们以建议”排除。故本题正确答案为C。

64.D观点态度题。根据最后一段For a brilliant speech,there are rules that you can put to

good use.To learn those rules you have to practice and learn from some outstanding speeches in the past.“为了精彩的演讲，有一些规则可以很好地利用。要学习这

些规则，你必须练习并学习以前的一些优秀演讲”可知选项D“来源于学习和训练”符合作者对于“优秀的演讲能力”的观点。选项A“它来自对规则的遵守”，选项B“可以通过轻松的努力来完善”和选项C“从出生即可获得”均不符合作者的观点。故本题正确答案为D。

65.B主旨大意题。本文开头提及到各种各样的语言沟通方式，引出其他交流方式不可替

代的演讲这个话题。接着主要介绍了演讲的作用，如说服或启发、通知、致敬、娱乐，或只是介绍某人某事或接受某事等。最后提到良好的演说能力并非天生的，而是需要通过不断的学习和训练才能实现。选项B“公众演讲的诸多用途”符合。选项A“国际讲坛上的公众演讲”，选项C“日常生活背景下的公众演讲”和选项D“公众演讲的角色”均比较片面，排除。故本题正确答案

为B。

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66.B推理判断题。根据第一段Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of

Hawaiian society.“观星人曾经是夏威夷社会中最受人敬重的群体”可以推断出选项B“天文学在古代夏威夷社会中的重要性”正确。选项A“关于天文学历史作用的保守观点”，选项C“古代天文学令人遗憾的衰落”和选项D“她对她那个时代观星者壮举的欣赏”均不符合。故本题正确答案为B。

67.A推理判断题。根据第二段Rested in the Pacific Ocean,Mauna Kea’s peak rises above

the bulk of our planet’s dense atmosphere,where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.“莫纳克亚山坐落于太平洋，其顶峰穿透地球

浓密的大气层。在那里，天文望远镜可以捕捉到无比清晰的画面”可推断出选项A“地理特征”是使得莫纳克亚山成为理想的天文观测点的原因所在。选项B“具有保护力的周边环境”，选项C“宗教含义”和选项D“现有的基础设施”均不符合。故本题正确答案为A。

68.B细节事实题。根据第三段A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments

have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.“长久以来，少数夏威夷人

和环保主义者把那些天文望远镜看作是对那片神圣土地的亵渎，并且会使人们想起这个曾经的主权国家被占领的惨痛回忆”可知选项B“它让人们想起了一段令人羞辱的历史”符合。选项A“它可能会破坏他们的智能生活”，选项C“他们的文化将失去复兴的机会”和选项D“他们害怕失去对莫纳克亚山的控制权”均不是当地人反对TMT的原因。故本题正确答案为B。

69.C推理判断题。根据第五段…the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both

seek to answer big questions about who we are,where we come from and where we are going.“……事实是天文学和夏威夷文化都试图回答关于我们是谁，我们来

自哪里以及我们将要去哪里的重大问题”可推断出现在的天文学和夏威夷文化一样，都揭示了相关的起源问题。选项C“大多揭露了夏威夷文化的起源”符合。选项A“正在实现古代夏威夷人的梦想”，选项B“有助于在全世界传播夏威夷文化”和选项D“最终会减轻夏威夷人的敌意”均未体现。故本题正确答案为C。

70.D观点态度题。根据最后一段The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s

visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact.

“TMT的选址将最大程度缩小天文望远镜在岛上的可见度，来避免对考古及环境产生影响”可知作者对此的态度应该是全力支持的。选项D“全力支持”符合。选项A“严正批判”，选项B“消极接受”和选项C“有一点犹豫”均不符合。故本题正确答案为D。

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71.C细节事实题。根据第一段None of them foresaw that the more we are together,the

more chances there are of war.Any boy or girl who is one of a large family knows that.“他们都没有预见到我们在一起越多，战争的可能性就越大。任何一个大家庭的男孩或女孩都知道这一点”可知选项C“很多人在一起可能会打架”符合。选项A“一个男孩和一个女孩在一起时通常会打架”，选项B“人们往往比以前更

加团结”和选项D“铁路引领世界走向和平”均不符合。故本题正确答案为C。72.D 细节事实题。根据第一段Those who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortable means of passing.They actually saw it as factor in world peace.

“那些欢迎铁路的人认为铁路不仅仅是一种快速且舒适的通行方式，实际上他们还把它视为构成世界和平的因素。”可知选项D“铁路引领世界走向战争”

错误。选项A“铁路使人们能够快速出行”，选项B“铁路给人们带来舒适”

和选项C“铁路让世界变得和平”均符合。故本题正确答案为D。

73.D细节事实题。根据第二段In those with high blood-pressure,the movement for the

train might produce apoplexy.“对于血压高的人群，火车的运动可能会导致中风”

可知选项D“对于那些血压高的人，火车的快速运动会导致他们死亡”说法错误。选项A“隧道对于公众健康有危害”，选项B“发动机点火的噪音和眩光可能会影响人们的神经”和选项C“通过空气的快速运动确实损害了人的肺部”均在第二段描述中有所体现。故本题正确答案为D。

74.A观点态度题。根据第三段The actual rolling-stock was anything but comfortable“.实

际上这滚动的车辆没有一点舒适感”，接着作者在后面强调铁路的不利因素，可知作者是属于反对铁路的群体。选项A符合。选项B“作者属于支持铁路的群体”和选项C“作者高度称赞铁路”不符合。选项D“由于潜在的危险，作者可能永远不会坐火车”说法过于夸张，排除。故本题正确答案为A。

75.C观点态度题题。根据最后一段Of the open third-class trucks he said that they had the

peculiar property of meeting the rain from whatever quarter it came.He describe them as horizontal shower-baths,from whose searching power there was no escape.

“他说在开放式的三等列车中，他们拥有一种特殊的资源，即可以在任何一个季度遇到雨水。他将其描述为水平方向的淋浴，是一种无法避免从中去寻找的力量”可知作者的说辞非常幽默。选项C“幽默的”符合。选项A“实际的”，选项B“中立的”和选项D“夸张的”均不符合。故本题正确答案为C。

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76.D细节事实题。根据题干中的关键词ending和due to定位到第二段The

infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper---printing presses,delivery trucks---isn’t just expensive;it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints.“如今，发行一份纸质版报纸所需

要的印刷机、配送卡车等硬件设施不是昂贵，而是奢侈。在当下，只发行电子版报纸的同类报社并不受这种经济因素的制约”可知选项D“高昂的运营费用”

符合。选项A“网络广告收入日益增加”与第二段And though print ad sales continue to dwarf their online and mobile counterparts“尽管纸质版报纸的广告销售额依然让同业中的网络版报纸和移动促销报纸相形见绌，不过纸质版报纸的收入的确在不断下滑”相违背，排除。选项B“来自投资者的压力”和选项C“读者的抱怨”属于无中生有。故本题正确答案为D。

77.A细节事实题。根据Peretti suggests定位到第四段第一句Peretti says the Times

shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business,but only if they go about doing it the right way.“Peretti认为，该报社不应花时间去思考如何停止纸质版《纽约时报》，而应该寻求出路去解决问题”可知选项A“进行战略调整”符合。选项B“永远结束印刷版本”与shouldn’t不符。选项C“挖掘更多读者”和选项D“提高管理效率”文章中未提到。故本题正确答案为A。

78.B推理判断题。根据第六段第一句The most loyal customers would still get the

product they favor“最忠诚的那些顾客们依旧会选择他们一直喜欢的产品”以及make it for the people who are already obsessed with it“为那些一开始就非常痴迷于报纸的人来发行报纸”可推断出选项B“专门为最忠诚客户为生”符合。选项A“有助于恢复报纸以前的辉煌”，选项C“会降低报纸成本”和选项D“有助于报纸的流行和普及”在文中均未提及。故本题正确答案为B。

79.C细节事实题。根据题干中in a changing world定位到最后一段最后一句In those

situation,it’s better to be more aggressive that less aggressive.“碰到那种情况，迎难而上要好于无所作为”，与选项C中的关键信息aggressiveness better相呼应。

选项A“传统的奢侈品不会受到影响”，选项B“小心谨慎有助于问题的解决”和选项D“文化遗产行业将变得与时俱进”在文中均未提及。故本题正确答案

为C。

80.D主旨大意题。本文主要是讲述报纸行业为防止被淘汰而需要做出的应对之策。根据

第五段最后一句...raise prices,and make it into more of a legacy product以及第六段...increase it at a higher rate each year...可得知，不应该立即取消或淘汰报纸

行业，而应该把它变成一种更像文化遗产的一种产品，并且要不断提高报纸的价格，变成一种奢侈品。选项D“把纸质版报纸打造成典藏版珍品”为正确答案。选项A“一次性转变成在线报纸”，选项B“珍惜仍在你手中的报纸”和选

项C“永远让你的报纸保持时尚”均不能概括文章主旨，不适合作为标题。故本题正确答案为D。