四川大学博士研究生入学英语考试英语试题2017年
四川大学2017年博士研究生入学英语考试题
Passage 1
As the horizons of science have expanded, two main groups of scientists have emerged. One is the pure scientist; the other, the applied scientist.
The pure or theoretical scientist does original research in order to understand the basic laws of nature that govern our world. The applied scientist adapts this knowledge to practical problems. Neither is more important than the other, however, for the two groups are very much related. Sometimes, however, the applied scientist finds the "problem" for the theoretical scientist to work on. Let's take a particular problem of the aircraft industry: heat-resistant metals. Many of the metals and alloys which perform satisfactorily in a car cannot be used in a jet-propelled plane. New alloys must be used, because the jet engine operates at a much higher temperature than an automobile engine. The turbine wheel in a turbojet must withstand temperatures as high as 1,600 degrees Fahrenheit, so aircraft designers had to turn to the research metallurgist for the development of metals and alloys that would do the job in jet-propelled planes.
Dividing scientists into two groups is only one broad way of classifying them, however. When scientific knowledge was very limited, there was no need for men to specialize. Today, with the great body of scientific knowledge, scientists
specialize in many different fields. Within each field, there is even further subdivision. And, with finer and finer subdivisions, the various sciences have become more and more interrelated until no one branch is entirely independent of the' others. Many new specialties --geophysics and biochemistry, for example -- have resulted from combining the knowledge of two or more sciences.
1. The applied scientist ______.
A. is not always interested in practical problems
B. provides the
basic knowledge for practice
C. applies the results of research to practice
D. does original
research to understand the basic laws of nature
2. The example given in the passage illustrates how ___.
A. pure science operates independently of applied science
B. the applied scientist discovers the basic laws of nature
C. applied science defines all the areas in which basic research is done
D.
applied science suggests problems for the basic scientist
3. The problem discussed in the second paragraph called for____.
A. selecting the best hear-resistant metal from existing metals
B. developing a turbine wheel capable of generating heat up to 1,600 degrees Fahrenheit
C. developing metals and alloys that would withstand terrific temperatures
D. causing the jet engine to operate at higher temperatures
4. Finer mad finer subdivision in the field of science has resulted in_____.
A. greater independence of each science
B. greater interdependence of all the various sciences
C. the eradication of the need for specialists
D. the need for only
on classification of scientists
5. "The horizons of science have expanded" means that____.
A. the horizon changes its size from year to year
B. science has
developed more fields of endeavor
C. scientists have made great progress in studying the horizon
D. scientists can see further out into space
chow Passage 2
In The Disuniting of America: Reflections on a Multicultural Society, Revised and Enlarged Edition (W. W. Norton) Schlesinger provides deep insights into the crises of nationhood in America. A new chapter assesses the impact both of radical multiculturalism and radical monoculturalism on the Bill of rights. Written with his usual clarity and force, the book brings a noted historian's wisdom and perspective to bear on America's "culture wars".
Schlesinger addresses the questions: What holds a nation together? And what does it mean to be an American? Describing the emerging cult of ethnicity, Schlesinger praises its healthy effect on a nation long shamed by a history of prejudice and narrow-mindedness. But he warns against the campaign of multicultural advocates to divide the nation into separate ethnic and racial communities. From the start, he observes, the United States has been a multicultural nation, rich in its diversity but held together by a shared commitment to the democratic process and by the freedom of intermarriage. It was this national talent for assimilation that impressed foreign visitors like Alexis de Tocqueville and James Bryce, and it is this historic goal that Schlesinger champions as the best hope for the future. Schlesinger analyzes what
he sees as grim consequences of identity politics: the widening of differences. Attacks on the First Amendment, he argues, threaten intellectual freedom and, ultimately, the future of the ethnic groups. His criticisms are not limited to the left. As a former target of McCarthyism, he understands that the radical
right is even more willing than the radical left to restrict and weaken the Bill of Rights. The author does not minimize the injustices concealed by the "melting pot" dream. The Disuniting of America is both academic and personal, forceful in argument, balanced in judgment. It is a book that will no doubt anger some readers, but it will surely make all of them think again. The winner of Pulitzer Prizes for history and for biography, an authoritative voice of American liberalism, Schlesinger is uniquely positioned to bring bold answers and healing wisdom to this passionate debate over who we are and what we should become.
6. According to Schlesinger, the United States is_____.
A. a melting pot
B. a nation with diverse cultures held together by the democratic process
C. a federation of ethnic and racial communities
D. a nation with various ethnic and racial groups
7. We can infer from the passage that Schlesinger______.
A. advocates the assimilation of different cultures into one nationhood
B. prefers multiculturalism to monoculturalism
C. gives full support to the emerging cult of ethnicity
D. holds that each racial group should keep its distinct identity
8. The author wants to tell us that America_____.
A. is experiencing a crisis of nationhood
B. is trying to restrict the Bill of Right
C. has ended its history of racial prejudice
D. has tried to obstruct intellectual freedom
9. According to the author, Schlesinger's book will____.
A. cause anger among the radical right
B. cause anger among the radical left
C. put an end to the culture wars in America
D. provoke thinking among the readers
10. This passage is most probably taken from __.
A. a history book
B. a book introduction
C. a book review
D. a journal of literary criticism
chow Passage 3
The El Nino ("little boy" in Spanish) that pounded the globe between the summers of1997 and 1998 was in some measure the most destructive in this century. Worldwide damage estimates exceed ~20 billion --not to mention the human death toll caused by resulting droughts, floods and bushfires. El Nino and La Nina ("little girl") are part of a seesawing of winds and currents in the equatorial Pacific called ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation) that appears every two to eight years. Normally, westward-blowing trade winds caused by the rotation of the earth and conditions in the Tropics push surface water across the Pacific towards Asia. The warm water piles up along the coasts of Indonesia, Australia and the Philippines, raising sea levels more than a foot above those on the South American side of the Pacific. As El Nino builds the normal east-to-west trade winds wane. Like water splashing in a giant bathtub, the elevated pool of warm water washes from Asian shores back towards South America.
In last season's cycle, surface temperatures off the west coast of South America soared from a normal high of 23°C degrees to 28°C degrees. This area of warm water, twice the size of the continental US, interacted with the atmosphere, creating storms and displacing high-altitude winds. El Nino brought rain that flooded normally dry coastal areas of Ecuador, Chile and Peru, while droughts struck Australia and Indonesia. Fires destroyed some five million acres of Indonesian forest. The drought, along with the economic crisis, left about five million people desperate for food and water. These conditions helped set the stage for riots that led to the downfall of President Suharto. El Nino also took the blame for extreme temperatures in Texas last summer over 38°C degrees for a record 30 days in a row. In Florida, lush vegetation turned to tinder and bushfires raged. Even Britain has been sweltering with our hottest year on record in 1997.
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2015北京外国语大学考博英语历年真题 一、招考介绍 从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、北京外国语大学考博英语题型 Part1:词汇15分。30小题。 Part2:阅读理解40分。共20小题，4篇短文。 Part3:完形填空10分。共20小题。 Part4:翻译15分。英译汉，一篇短文中指定的5句话。 Part5:写作20分。200字左右。 三、考博英语必备参考书 育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。 四、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种： （1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。 （2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。
博士研究生入学英语考试试卷.doc
博士研究生入学英语考试试卷(2002. 5.13) Part I Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes) Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then write down the answer on the Answer Sheet. 1.While typing, Helen has a habit of stopping B to give her long and flowing hair a Smooth. A.simultaneously B. occasionally C. eventually D. promptly 2.Most electronic devices of this kind, C manufactured for this purpose, are tightly Packed. A.which is B. what are C. as are D. they are 3.1 found the missing letter C on die top shelf. A.lying B. lain C. laying D. resting 4.He failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract, and now he has to D the consequences. A.run into B. abide by C. step into D. answer for 5.It's usually the case that people seldom behave in a B way when in a furious state. A.credible B. rational C. legal D. stable 6.“May I take the instrument out of the laboratory?” "No, you D A.may not B. can not C. might not D. must not 7.All the off-shore sailors were in high spirits as they read C letters from their families. A.intimate B. affectionate C. sentimental D. sensitive A.—D_on the table. B.There are three strong cup of coffee C.Three strong cups of coffee are there D.There are three cups of strong coffee E.There are strong three cups of coffee 8.Every chemical change either results from energy being used to produce the change, or causes energy to be A in some form. A. given off B. set off C. used up D. put out 9.A A of the long report by 由e budget committee was submitted to the mayor for approval. A. scheme B. shorthand C. schedule D. sketch 10.The business of each day,A selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly. A. it being B. was it C. be it D. it was 11. A the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday. A. But for B. In spite of C. As for D. Because of 12.Today, housework has been made easier by electrical B. A. instruments B. appliances C. facilities D. equipment 13.Don't C the news to the public until we give you the go-ahead. A.retain B. discard C. relieve D. release