[考研类试卷]考研数学二(常微分方程)模拟试卷2.doc

[考研类试卷]考研数学二(常微分方程)模拟试卷2.doc
[考研类试卷]考研数学二(常微分方程)模拟试卷2.doc

[考研类试卷]考研数学二(常微分方程)模拟试卷2

一、解答题

解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤。

0 设L是一条平面曲线,其上任意一点P(x,y)(x>0)到坐标原点的距离,恒等于该点处的切线在y轴上的截距,且L经过点(1/2,0).

1 试求曲线L的方程;

2 求L位于第一象限部分的一条切线,使该切线与L以及两坐标轴所围图形的面积最小.

2 设位于第一象限的曲线y=f(x)过点,其上任一点P(x,y)处的法线与y轴的交点为Q,且线段PQ被x轴平分.

3 求曲线y=f(x)的方程;

4 已知曲线y=sinx在上的弧长为l,试用l表示曲线y=f(x)的弧长s.

5 设函数y(x)具有二阶导数,且曲线l:y=y(x)与直线Y=x相切于原点.记a为曲线f在点(x,y,)处切线的倾角,若da/dx=dy/dx,求y(x)的表达式.

6 设函数y(x)(x≥0)二阶可导,且y’(x)>0,y(0)=1.过曲线y=y(x)上任一点P(x,y)作该曲线的切线及x轴的垂线,上述两直线与x轴所围成的三角形的面积记为

S1,区间上以y=y(x)为曲边的曲边梯形面积记为S2,并设2S1-S2恒为1,求此曲线y=y(x)的方程.

7 设f(x)是区间[0,+∞)上具有连续导数的单调增加函数,且f(0)=1.对任意的

t∈[0,+∞),直线x=0,x=t,曲线y=f(x)以及x轴所围成的曲边梯形绕x轴旋转一周生成一旋转体,若该旋转体的侧面面积在数值上等于其体积的2倍,求函数f(x)的表达式.

8 一个半球体状的雪堆,其体积融化的速率与半球面面积S成正比,比例常数

k>0.假设在融化过程中雪堆始终保持半球体状,已知半径为r0的雪堆在开始融化的3小时内,融化了其体积的7/8,问雪堆全部融化需要多少小时?

9 某飞机在机场降落时,为了减少滑行距离,在触地瞬间,飞机尾部张开减速伞,以增大阻力,使飞机迅速减速并停下.现有一质量为9000kg的飞机,着陆时的水平速度为700km/h.经测试,减速伞打开后,飞机所受的阻力与飞机的速度成正比(比例系数k=6.0×106).问从着陆点算起,飞机滑行的最大距离是多少? 注:kg 表示千克,km/h表示千米/小时.

10 从船上向海中沉放某种探测仪器,按探测要求,需确定仪器的下沉深度y(从海平面算起)与下沉速度ν之间的函数关系.设仪器在重力作用下,从海平面由静止开始铅直下沉,在下沉过程中还受到阻力和浮力的作用.设仪器的质量为m,体积为B,海水比重为ρ,仪器所受的阻力与下沉速度成正比,比例系数为

κ(κ>0).试建立y与ν所满足的微分方程,并求出函数关系式y=f(ν).

11 某湖泊的水量为V1,每年排入湖泊内含污染物A的污水量为V/6,流入湖泊内不含A的水量为V/6,流出湖泊的水量为V/3.已知1999年底湖中A的含量为5m0,超过国家规定指标.为了治理污染,从2000年初起,限定排人湖泊中含A 污水的浓度不超过m0/V.问至多需经过多少年,湖泊中污染物A的含量降至m0以内?(注:设湖水中A的浓度是均匀的.)

11 有一平底容器,其内侧壁是由曲线x=φ(y)(y≥0)绕,,轴旋转而成的旋转曲面(如图),容器的底面圆的半径为2m.根据设计要求,当以3m3/min的速率向容器内注入液体时,液面的面积将以πm2/min的速率均匀扩大(假设注入液体前,容器内

无液体).(注:m表示长度单位米,min表示时间单位分.)

12 根据t时刻液面的面积,写出t与φ(y)之间的关系式;

13 求曲线x=φ(y)的方程.

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